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Crime is among the major problems negatively impacting the effective operation of the rail transportation system in Nigeria. Although considerable scholarly attention has been devoted to criminality in public transit stations, there is a paucity of empirical data on the occurrence of the problem within train station facilities. Thus, using routine activity theory as a guide, this study investigated criminality and crime control measures in selected train stations in Lagos, Nigeria. In-depth interview and key informant interview methods were primarily deployed to gather data from 20 train station officials and eight locomotive drivers selected using purposive sampling technique. Results showed that vandalism, pilfering of train station equipment, rooftop riding and ticket evasion were the most commonly recorded forms of crime in train stations in Lagos. Multiple situational and environmental factors, including the presence of abandoned equipment, lax security systems, the construction of train stations in residential neighbourhoods, and poorly illuminated environments were making train stations vulnerable to criminality. It is imperative for the Nigeria Railway Corporation to strengthen existing security architecture at train stations to effectively deter motivated offenders from viewing the public transportation hub as suitable sites for crime perpetration. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Asian cities have increasingly been promoting the creation of walkable built environments as a catalyst for local economic development in global competition. However, the economic influences of pedestrianization are still debatable without sufficient quantitative assessments in Asia's commercialized cityscape along with mega-rail projects, high-rise buildings, and traffic-choked streets. This research examines the net capitalization effects of skywalk network and pedestrian zone schemes on office towers and retail streets using the case of Hong Kong. The sets of hedonic regression models in a quasi-experimental research framework show mixed results. The expansion of skywalk networks produced positive capitalization effects on podium-level office units connected by footbridges near metro rail exits, while having insignificant impacts on street-level retail units. The models also reveal that the implementation of pedestrian zone schemes generated insignificant capitalization effects on street-level retail units regardless of rail proximity. The evidence gives some credence to the notion that the creation of walkable built environments in Asian cities would contribute to capital accumulation through mega-rail plus international office tower projects. However, the findings also infer that pedestrianization initiatives in global competition would lead to neither commercial revitalization nor gentrification on local retail streets around metro rail stations. • The commercial value of pedestrianization in Asian cities is examined • Skywalks generate positive price effects on office towers near rail stations • Both skywalks and zone schemes have no price effects on retail streets • Pedestrinization can contribute to capital accumulation via office towers • Pedestrinization may induce neither retail revitalization nor gentrification [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The development of wind energy projects (WEP) have been encouraged, since the last decade. Therefore, WEP grows exponentially, which makes wind energy the trend of energy production for many countries. The success of wind energy project relies on the choice of the appropriate site for wind power plant, often decided by the application of Multi Criteria Decision Making (MCDM). The MCDM methodologies for location selection have a range of shortcomings: (1) the incomplete use of knowledge, (2) the lack of evidence in the decision-making process; and (3) the problem of ignoring the interaction between parameters. This paper presents a new framework for the location selection of wind power stations, based on the incorporating of geographic information system (GIS) and analytical network process (ANP) through neutrosophic environment to cover MCDM's shortcoming. First, an assessment model is built for wind farm site selection. Then, in the specialist committee decision, the bipolar neutrosophic set is used to express missing knowledge. In addition, we take the relationship problem into account by collecting the opinions of experts. Finally, the GIS is used to determine the wind farm potential zones. The suggested framework for the identification of wind farm sites is validated by the use of a case study from Egypt. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The proclamation of Rijeka as a free port in 1719, and the construction of the lazaretto (naval quarantine station) of St Charles Borromeo in 1725, initiated the economic and urban development of Rijeka, which grew from a small coastal town into a significant centre of manufacturing and industry. With the lazaretto and the largest factory, a sugar refinery built in 1750, the city's first manufacturing zone was formed. In the second zone, along the Rječina River, in 1821 a paper mill was built, which in 1833 received the first steam engine, with which the industrialisation of the city began. This article describes the materials and structures of the industrial buildings that characterise this period. In proto-industrial and early industrial times, construction consisted mainly of massive stone and brick walls or masonry-vaulted structures. In the 19th century, buildings begin to adapt to the production processes, which influenced the development of a new architectural typology. The internal structures were made of wood, a readily available and inexpensive material, with which the builders already had extensive experience. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Integral planning of grid‐shell structures – canopy constructions for the new metro in Riyadh The construction of the metro in Riyadh, consisting of six lines, is one of the largest public infrastructure projects in the world. The route of line 2 runs both above and below ground. This makes two different types necessary for the free‐form roof structures: Fully air‐conditioned entrance pavilions, which offer easy access to the underground platforms of the "Shallow Underground"‐stations and shading structures for the above‐ground "At Grade"‐stations. The subject of the planning were free‐form grid shells for ten identical shallow underground and four different at grade stations with a total facade area of approx. 22 000 m2. In order to meet the high demands of customers in respect to digital planning and the tight time frame for planning, production and assembly, only a fully integral digital planning process came into question. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Developed in this work are the principles for creation of a system to control and governing the energy efficiency of solar panels providing power supply for LED luminaires. Realization of these principles allows the most efficient using the electric power generated by solar panels, to save in a real-time scale the data about system functions as well as provide a complex analysis of these data. Optimization of using the electric energy generated by solar panels will enable to determine the maximum possible power in each specific moment and to automatically tune its consumption. The complex data obtained with this system can be further used for not only statistical fixation of the produced and consumed electric energy in fact but also for prediction of the energy amount that will be generated by these solar panels in future. The analysis of results will enable to optimize the area of solar panels and more exactly determine parameters of electronic components both for illumination systems and designing solar photoelectric stations of various purposes. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In response to a station blackout accident similar to the Fukushima nuclear accident, China's Generation III nuclear power HPR1000 designed and developed a passive residual heat removal system connected to the secondary side of the steam generator. Based on the two-phase natural circulation principle, the system is designed to bring out long-term core residual heat after an accident to ensure that the reactor is in a safe state. The steady-state characteristic test and transient start and run test of the PRS were carried out on the integrated experiment bench named ESPRIT. The experiment results show that the PRS can establish natural circulation and discharge residual heat of the first loop. China's Fuqing no. 5 nuclear power plant completed the installation of the PRS in September 2019 and carried out commissioning work in October. This debugging is the first real-world debugging of the new design. This paper introduces the design process of the PRS debugging scheme. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Aim: Resuscitation from out of hospital cardiac arrest (OHCA) requires success across the entire chain of survival. Using a large state-wide registry, we characterized variation in clinical outcomes at hospital discharge in Michigan hospitals.Methods: We utilized the Michigan Cardiac Arrest Registry to Enhance Survival (CARES) and included adult OHCA subjects with return of spontaneous circulation (ROSC) from 2014 - 2017 that survived to hospital admission. 39 Michigan hospitals were included which managed >30 cases during the study period. Multilevel logistic regression, controlling for both subject characteristics and clustering of subjects within hospitals, assessed variation across hospitals in survival to hospital discharge and survival with cerebral performance category (CPC 1-2).Results: There were 5,486 CARES subjects that survived to hospital admission, and 4,690 met inclusion for analysis. Of 39 included hospitals, median survival to discharge was 31.3% (range 12.5%-46.7%) and median survival to discharge with CPC 1-2 was 25.0% (range 5.2%-42.2%). We identified 12-fold variation in the utilization of TTM by hospital (median 47.9%, range 6.7%-80.0%) for all admitted subjects. Similarly, there was nearly an eight-fold variation in LHC for all post-arrest subjects (median 22.1%, range 5.4%-42.2%). In multivariable analyses, median adjusted survival to discharge was 26.9% (range 18.1%-42.1%) and median adjusted survival to discharge with CPC 1-2 was 21.3% (range 9.6%-32.1%).Conclusion: We observed substantial variation in clinical outcomes at discharge between Michigan hospitals, including a four-fold range of survival and eight-fold range of survival with CPC 1-2. This variation was ameliorated but still persisted in adjusted modeling. Variation in post arrest survival by hospital was not fully explained by available covariates, which suggests the possibility of improving post-arrest clinical outcomes at some hospitals via quality improvement activities. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The paper presents the structural design of a toll station building on the highway. The subject building consists of two different types of structures, a reinforced concrete skeleton structure of ground floor with a flat roof and a steel structure of the canopy. Two reinforced concrete columns that support the canopy rise above the flat ground floor building. This is also the connection between the concrete and steel structure. All structural elements are calculated according to the current Eurocode regulations and National Annexes. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This article looks at the suburban train stations built or rebuilt in the Paris Region during the 1970s. Through the analysis of articles from the railway trade press, it reveals how the railway engineers, mostly operationals seeking primarily to tackle fast-growing traffic volumes, have designed new kinds of sociotechnical objects to deal with metropolisation processes. In particular, it shows how their standardized nature contributes on the one hand to the erasure of the territories they serve, and how, on the other hand, their layout as channelling systems tends to obscure the figure of the user. In doing so, it demonstrates how important it is to take into account both technology and usage when designing transport spaces. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The Underground transportation system plays a vital role in public transportation and exhibits complicated dynamics. The model predictive control approach for underground train dispatching is proposed in this paper. The system modelling technique spatially aggregates trains to generate the traffic flow model in a network of interconnected control units. The state-space model for the underground train traffic of a metro line is investigated. Simulation results are reported to demonstrate the effectiveness of the optimization control model. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

With the development of the urban industry in recent years, air pollution in areas such as factories and streets has become more and more serious. Air quality problems directly affect the normal lives of residents. Effectively predicting the future air condition in the area through relevant historical data has high application value for early warning of this area. Through the study of the previous monitoring data, it is found that the pollutant data of adjacent monitoring stations are correlated in more periods. Therefore, this paper proposes a hybrid model based on CNN and Bi-LSTM, using CNN to synthesize multiple adjacent stations with strong correlations to extract spatial features between data, and using Bi-LSTM to extract features in the time dimension to finally achieve pollutant concentration prediction. Using the historical data of 40 monitoring stations in different locations of Fushun city to conduct research. By comparing with the traditional prediction model, the results prove that the model proposed in this paper has higher accuracy and stronger robustness. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Decentralized power generation efficaciously merges technological advances in a rapidly changing face of power networks introducing new power system components, advanced control, renewable sources, elegant communication, and web technology paving the way for the so called smart grids. Distributed generation technology lies at the intersection point of power systems, power electronics, control engineering, renewable energy, and communication systems which are not mutually exclusive subjects. Key features of renewable integration in a distribution network include loss minimization, voltage stability, power quality improvement, and low-cost consumption resulting from abundant natural resources such as solar or wind energy. In this research work, a case study has been carried out at a 132 kV grid station of Layyah, Pakistan, which has active losses, reactive losses, low power factor, low voltage on the demand side, and overloaded transformers and distribution lines. As a result, power outage issue is frequent on the consumer side. To overcome this issue, a simulation of load flow of this system is performed using the Newton-Raphson method due to its less computational time, fewer iterations, fast convergence, and independence from slack bus selection. It finds the harsh condition in which there were 23 overloaded transformers, 38 overloaded distribution lines, poor voltage profile, and low power factor at the demand side. There is a deficit of 24 MW in the whole system along with 4.58 MW active and 12.30 MVAR reactive power losses. To remove power deficiency, distributed generation using solar plants is introduced to an 11 kV distribution system with a total of 24 units with each unit having a capacity of 1 MW. Consequently, active and reactive power losses are reduced to 0.548 MW and 0.834 MVAR, respectively. Furthermore, the voltage profile improves, the power factor enhances, and the line losses reduce to a great extent. Finally, overloaded transformers and distribution lines also return to normal working conditions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

COVID-19 virus has resulted in the lockdown of schools, offices, factories, temples, railway stations, and even the airspace. It is estimated that due to the lockdown, the Indian economy may face prolonged adverse impact. The paper is an attempt to ascertain the impact of lockdown on the Indian economy and explore future perspective. The study has addressed important issues like consumption expenditure, demand & supply, unemployment rate, purchasing power, financial market, etc. Under the given circumstances, the lockdown will cost India around USD 120 bn. The manufacturing and service sector has come to an abrupt stop and interrupted domestic supply chains. If this crisis continuous it will indirectly affect all economic sectors. The study has given suggestions as a learning curve which can be used by different stakeholder to improve the economic situation of the country and minimize negative effect of lockdown. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

COVID-19 virus has resulted in the lockdown of schools, offices, factories, temples, railway stations, and even the airspace. It is estimated that due to the lockdown, the Indian economy may face prolonged adverse impact. The paper is an attempt to ascertain the impact of lockdown on the Indian economy and explore future perspective. The study has addressed important issues like consumption expenditure, demand & supply, unemployment rate, purchasing power, financial market, etc. Under the given circumstances, the lockdown will cost India around USD 120 bn. The manufacturing and service sector has come to an abrupt stop and interrupted domestic supply chains. If this crisis continuous it will indirectly affect all economic sectors. The study has given suggestions as a learning curve which can be used by different stakeholder to improve the economic situation of the country and minimize negative effect of lockdown. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

One of the negative factors affecting operators and passengers of suspended monorails moving to their workplaces are the vibrations that act on the entire human body. These vibrations are related to the design of the suspended monorail and the route on which it moves. Excessive exposure to this negative factor adversely affects the human body. The results of numerical simulations aimed at comparing the vibration level during travelling along a straight section of the route, in which the operator's cabin and passenger cabin were rigidly connected to the trolley and innovative design in which yielding suspension was introduced are presented. Such damping of vibrations acting on passengers significantly improves the safety and comfort of miners in underground mining plants. Application of the computational model presented in the article and the method of analysing the results of the simulation enables optimal selection of materials with appropriate damping characteristics. A properly selected vibration damping system increases the comfort of the operator and transported people, and may become an element of competitive advantage when benchmarking transportation systems with the same operating parameters. The application of the proposed approach allows us to optimise, in terms of costs, the selection process of the optimal damping system, thanks to the possibility of verification of various damping parameters, without the necessity to investing in the real components and performing a real test, but only based on the results of the multibody simulation. The use of these numerical simulations is an example of a modern way of supporting the design and perfecting processes of state-of-the-art machines used in underground coal mines. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In the considered queueing system, the service is provided at two stations, station 1 and station 2 operating in tandem. Station 1 is a multi-server station with c identical servers working in parallel, and station 2 is equipped with a single server called the specialist server. The service times of each of the servers at station 1 follow an exponential distribution. The specialist server has phase-type distributed service times. Customers arrive at station 1 according to a Markovian arrival process. An arriving customer enters directly into service at station 1 if at least one of the servers is idle, otherwise joins an infinite queue. After receiving service at station 1, customers either proceed to station 2 or can exit the system. There is a finite buffer between two stations. When the buffer is not full, a customer coming out of the station 1 joins the buffer with a probability p or leaves the system with the complementary probability 1 − p. If the buffer is full, then all the customers coming out of station 1 are lost forever. The server at the station 2 will be turned on only if the number of customers in the buffer reaches a threshold. Once the server is turned on, the service will be rendered until the buffer is emptied. A stability condition for this system is established and the stationary distribution is obtained using matrix analytic methods. Various performance measures are also calculated. Our model is motivated by a hospital situation where station 1 represents the causalty clinic and the specialist server represents an expert giving a consultation upon the request of a threshold number of patients. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Mamoru Kawaguchi (1932–2019) was one of the great structural engineers of the late 20th century. He developed his career mostly in Japan and he has also superb works in China, Singapore and Spain. The spectrum of his structures is manifold: he designed shells, space frames, inflatable structures, tension structures, timber–steel hybrid systems and so on. With them, he conceived and provided the bones and muscles of sports halls, exhibition halls, museums, railway stations, towers, bridges and sculptures. Kawaguchi collaborated with some of the best architects of his time: Kenzo Tange, Arata Isozaki and Kazuyo Sejima just to cite some of the internationally most renowned. For his works, he was awarded many times in Japan, as well as internationally (the Architectural Institute of Japan award, the International Association for Shell and Spatial Structures Torroja Medal, the International Association for Bridge and Structural Engineering International Award and many others). In this article, I review Mamoru Kawaguchi's main professional and academic achievements, and discuss his design philosophy, sources of inspiration and means to develop his ideas from my own personal experience. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The article informs that dates of the two branch lines which the Great Western Railway (GWR) built to serve Uxbridge are well documented, and explores detail what should have been a short link between them and describes what remained to be seen in October 2019. It mentions that several independent schemes were floated to join the two branches by a seven mile line to form a through route, with an Uxbridge & Rickmansworth Railway (U&R) Act being passed in May 1896.

In this paper, we present a statistical analysis of the results of monitoring the radon content and meteorological parameters (atmospheric pressure, temperature, and humidity) in the buildings of three stationary geophysical stations in Azerbaijan (Sheki, Shamakhi, and Kurdemir) from April 1, 2016 to September 30, 2017 and the level of their interrelation. The studied database included 13 152 measurement complexes with an hourly interval. Short-term (intraday) and medium-term (intra-annual) changes in the parameters and the correlation dependence between them are considered. Radon fluctuations at various stations are generally ambiguous due to the different geological conditions at their location and the building construction. The statistical analysis of the data for the entire observation period showed a weak correlation between the radon content and climatic parameters. However, according to the monthly average values for 2017, there is a positive correlation between changes in the radon levels and the humidity in the air at all three stations during the year while, a decrease in atmospheric pressure and an increase in air temperature are accompanied by an increase in the radon concentration in the buildings of the Shamakhi and Sheki stations. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Passive energy dissipation devices have been proved to be effective and low-cost means of structural control, and a variety of dampers have been developed over the past decades. Hysteretic dampers with hardening post-yielding stiffness have multiphased energy dissipation characteristics because of their hardening behavior, which can compensate for stiffness loss and postpone the collapse of damaged structures. In this article, a hysteretic model is proposed for hysteretic dampers with hardening post-yielding stiffnesses, and a formula is derived for equivalent yield strength expressed by the additional damping of the structure. A procedure is developed for displacement-based seismic design that transforms the relatively complex damping into an acceptable yield strength. A numerical example is only presented for demonstrating the design process and simply validating the proposed method. The results show that the proposed procedure is easy to implement and could produce adequate hysteretic dampers with hardening post-yielding stiffness hardening behavior. The maximum displacement responses of the existing structure retrofitted using the proposed procedure satisfy the expected performance objective well. Thus, this procedure could be an alternative to seismic retrofitting for structures with energy dissipation systems. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The new challenge in power systems design and operation is to organize and control smart micro grids supplying aggregation of users and special loads as electric vehicles charging stations. The presence of renewable and storage can help the optimal operation only if a good control manages all the elements of the grid. New models of green buildings and energy communities are proposed. For a real application they need an appropriate and advanced power system equipped with a building automation control system. This article presents an economic model predictive control approach to the problem of managing the electric and heating resources in a smart building in a coordinated way, for the purpose of achieving in real time nearly zero energy consumption and automated participation to demand response programs. The proposed control, leveraging a mixed integer quadratic programming problem, allows to meet manifold thermal and electric users’ requirements and react to inbound demand response signals, while still guaranteeing stable operation of the building's electric and thermal storage equipment. The simulation results, performed for a real case study in Italy, highlight the peculiarities of the proposed approach in the joint handling of electric and thermal building flexibility. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Sequencing and scheduling of jobs play an essential role in improving the performance of the job shop production system. In this paper, a detailed study has been made of an auto ancillary unit to prioritize the jobs in a press-shop. The pressshop considered in this study is similar to a typical job-shop environment. The press-shop consists of 32 work stations and can process a maximum of 115 job variants according to the monthly demand. The jobs are processed based on their sequence of operation. The main objective of this paper is to develop a realistic simulation model of the shop floor and to evaluate its performance measures using Priority Dispatching Rules (PDRs). Static PDRs and Multi-Criteria Decision Making (MCDM) approach are used in this study to evaluate the performance of the press-shop. Simulation model of the press-shop has been developed using Discrete Event Simulation (DES) package 'ARENA'. The proposed simulation model is integrated with an innovative application of MCDM approach to prioritize the jobs using 'Technique for Order of Preference by Similarity to Ideal Solution' (TOPSIS) approach. Results indicate that the proposed TOPSIS approach performs better when compared to some of the popular PDRs considered in this study. The proposed approach can reduce the makespan value by an average of 13.75% compared with the actual data available on the shop floor. The better performance is due to the multi-criterion approach implemented for job prioritization. The proposed MCDM approach is simple and easily integrated with real-time environment. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The U2 station Neubaugasse will become one of the busiest interchange stations in the Vienna underground network, with passengers changing between the existing line U3 running along under the Mariahilfer Straße and the new line U2 crossing the Mariahilfer Straße. The Mariahilfer Straße, one of the best known shopping streets in Vienna with shopping centres and high numbers of passers‐by in the middle of a densely built‐up residential area, and its side streets have been redesigned in the last few years with the aim of traffic calming and creating new public spaces. The building of an underground railway station in such surroundings thus poses a great challenge. Extensive soil investigations, house strengthening measures and utility diversions were carried out in advance. The shafts were constructed top‐down in restricted space conditions. Due to the scarcity of available site facilities areas, deliveries to the site are only possible "just‐in‐time". Access for local inhabitants and delivery traffic to the side streets, and also for emergency services, has to be maintained during the construction period. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The relationship between dense urban development, often represented by high-rise buildings, and its location vis-à-vis metro stations reflects the connection between transportation infrastructure and land use intensity. Existing literature on high-rise buildings has focused either on developed countries or on cities where urban and public transit developments have occurred in an uncoordinated manner. This paper examines the following questions: What is the spatial proximity and spatial correlation between high-rise buildings and metro stations in different stages of development in various parts of the city? What were some of the factors that resulted in the observed patterns? The results suggest that buildings constructed after 2000 and buildings within the urban core/Shanghai Proper districts had a greater spatial proximity to the metro stations. However, the spatial correlation, measured by the number of high-rise buildings within a 500-m buffer from the nearest metro stations and the time-distance to these stations, is stronger in the outer districts than in the urban core. These differences can be accounted for by Shanghai's stages of urban development, the existence of metro infrastructure when high-rise development was undertaken, and the city's land use policies. This case study sheds light on the relationship between high-density developments and metro systems in other large cities in China and other developing countries where rapid urban development coincides with the establishment of a comprehensive public transit system. • Investigate the relationship between high-density development and its location vis-à-vis metro stations. • Understand the different spatial distribution patterns of high-rise buildings between suburban districts and urban core. • Application of the spatial proximity and spatial correlation measures between high-rise buildings and metro transit. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

British commercial artist, lettering designer, mural painter and architect MacDonald Gill (1884-1947) was regarded as one of the leading British graphic artist-designers of the early 20th century. After a 50-year period of comparative historical neglect he has re-emerged in the early decades of the 21st century as a significant figure in British graphic design history. This is partly due to the discovery of a huge cache of material that had remained hidden from view for many decades. Pictorial maps and publicity for the London Underground railway typified Gill's earlier work. These conveyed essential information about destinations above ground, a popular alternative to the emergent more conceptual diagrammatic map designs of underground stations. Gill's prolific poster and public information design work for Britain's Empire Marketing Board (EMB, 1926-33) and other organisations blended cartography, data and visual information. He was also widely commissioned for murals including the large-scale pictorial map of the North Atlantic for the First Class Dining Room of the celebrated Cunard Ocean transatlantic ocean liner, the RMS Queen Mary (1936). Although conceived in the context of leisure, this visualisation of the sea voyage between the two capital cities of London and New York nonetheless embraced a clear visual message that provides the major focus of this article. In this setting pictorial mapmaking is seen as part of the journey towards information design as we understand it today. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A two-user downlink cooperative non-orthogonal multiple access (NOMA) short-packet communication network is investigated in flat Rayleigh fading channels, where a central user cooperatively relays the signals intended to a cell-edge user. To derive the average block error rate (BLER) of the central user, unlike the work in the literature where the product term is neglected, a new method that works well for the whole range of power allocation factor is proposed. Furthermore, the average BLER of the cell-edge user is theoretically derived. Numerical results demonstrate that while remaining almost the same average BLER for the central user, the cell-edge user in our proposed cooperative NOMA network achieves lower average BLER than those in the conventional NOMA network and the cooperative orthogonal multiple access network. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Abstract Predicting temperature evolution of sliding bodies plays a key role in many industrial designs. Temperature-dependent material properties, microstructure evolution of material while heating and quenching, and residual stress comprise these factors importance. Despite existing theoretical, numerical, and experimental methods for predicting surface temperature of sliding bodies, there are some restrictions relating to each one. This paper aims to present a strategy and numerical method for finding the temperature evolution of sliding bodies with arbitrary geometry of the contact patch. Preserving generality, temperature evolution of sliding railway flat wheels is the main problem of this study. A finite element model (FEM) is developed with ANSYS APDL software (Canonsburg, PA, USA). The model is validated with existing analytical formulas in steady state and transient cases and a good agreement is achieved. Six real cases from full-scale field tests are considered and a comparison is made between the results. As an application of the method, the obtained time-history of surface temperature is applied to a 3D FE model of a flat wheel as a boundary condition. Graphical abstract Image 1 Highlights • A new strategy for finite element modeling of thermal analysis of sliding bodies is developed. •Thermal analysis of railway wheel and rail during formation of wheel flat is among the applications. • Validation of new model is performed with existing theoretical and experimental data. • Applying thermal contact resistance to the model leads to accurate steady-state temperatures. • The time-dependent surface temperature result is applied to a 3D model to perform thermal analysis. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This article explores the links between flow management and retail development in railway stations. Questioning the way in which planners as well as station managers consider the relations between movement and commerciality, it combines theoretical insight and empirical findings at Paris Gare du Nord. In the planning literature, the progress of pedestrian traffic models and the social understanding of passenger behaviour have long been perceived as separate scientific goals. Today, however, the two domains are converging towards a more comprehensive approach, which in recent times has become a crucial aspect of railway competition strategies. In light of this, dynamic mapping conducted over the period 2010-2017 at Paris Gare du Nord shows how railway designers are reorganizing space to foster free movement and consumption. The article concludes with the presentation and discussion of two main principles of station retail planning and design. First, the production of a 'servicescape' through the intensification of nudge strategies. Second, the delivery of a 'stationscape' based on the use of trademarks as landmarks and a three-dimensional design that accentuates the socio-economic fragmentation of space. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

GE Healthcare peak production, the smelter would Water Reactor (PWR) was chosen for acquired the company in 2004 and, draw up to 255 MWe from Wylfa along the site at Sizewell in Suffolk. 1 I r I./I--I,"/3/Ti I/'/17'/1/5/3 ./piini A photosou e yo Magnox Wales is an anciri,1 land, shrouded in myth and legend. lfor centm-i.3 its fields, animals, quarries and 7,/##...-mines have fed, clothed and powered -I '* a nation and its relationship with ihe atom and nuclear technology stretches back to the dawn ofthe nuclear age..'..- *--*». The two reactor blocks sit on Rhinog the same year, the CEGB contracted turbine manufacturer CA Parsons. [Extracted from the article]

The load capacity of urban rail transit station is of great significance to provide reference in station design and operation management. However, it is difficult to carry out quantitative calculation quickly and accurately due to the complex interaction among passenger behaviors, facility layout, and the limit capacity of single facility. In this paper, the association network of facilities is set up based on the analysis of passenger service chain in station. Then the concept of cascading failure is introduced to the dynamic calculation model of load capacity, which is established on the user-equilibrium allocation model. The solution algorithm is optimized with node attack strategy of complex network to effectively reduce the computational complexity. Finally, a case study of Lujiabang Road Station in Shanghai is carried out and compared with the simulation results of StaPass, verifying the feasibility of this approach. The proposed method can not only search for the bottleneck of capacity, but also help to trace the loading variation of facilities network in different scenarios, providing theoretical supports on passenger flow organization. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Negotiations between the public and private sectors in the urban regeneration process can help achieve public interest objectives. Two conventional urban indicators, the floor area ratio [FAR] and the site coverage ratio [SCR], are used as steering instruments to examine the success of the city's entrance into dynamic negotiations with private owners. A comparison of the starting development vision and final result at the conclusion of the negotiations shows that the negotiation process has yielded significant benefits for all parties involved. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Two important concepts of accessibility are proposed and measured in this paper: the attraction accessibility and the radiation accessibility. The attraction accessibility means the ease of reaching a given station by using certain modes of transport such as walking, bicycle, bus or taxi. The radiation accessibility represents the ease of reaching other stations from the given station. The metro transit system in Xi’an, China was used as a case study to elaborate the proposed concepts of accessibility. It has been found that the station attraction accessibility depends mainly on the walking connection accessibility, so the improvement of walking environment is a key factor in improving the station’s overall accessibility. The transfer stations exhibit the highest level of radiation accessibility while the first/last stations have the lowest. The radiation accessibility of other stations varies widely and depends on their location in the network and the topological depth from the transfer stations. In general, the closer to the middle of the line, the higher the radiation accessibility, whereas the closer to the end of the line, the lower the accessibility. The findings provide decision makers with evidence on how to improve the metro stations’ travel environment and the layout of the metro network. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Construction of an underground complex in congested urban areas calls for excavation of a group of foundation pits, referred to as a pit complex, which are usually surrounded by existing facilities. In such circumstances, the safety of the pit complex and facilities during the construction are of great concern. This paper presents a case of an underground complex construction in Shanghai soft clay. A pit complex composed of two deep excavations was excavated for a Comprehensive Transport Hub (CTH) and a commercial retail area and pedestrian concourse known as South Square (SS), which were connected to an operating metro station and a railway station. During the excavation, potential deformation of metro tracks and railway tracks were expected due to extensive soil unloading. To safeguard the railway and the subway, a zoned and staged construction technology was proposed, in which several temporary partition walls were constructed in addition to necessary supporting structures, to allow the large-scale deep excavations to be divided into several independent small-scale excavations. This paper discusses the rational construction sequence of these excavations as well as reinforcement measures in detail. The construction technology was examined by extensive field data. It is found that the maximum horizontal displacement of diaphragm walls ranged between 0.05% H e and 0.4% H e , where H e is the excavation depth. The vertical displacements of the railway tracks were well controlled, whereas the metro tracks heaved significantly due to unloading effect. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A 24-33-m-deep cross excavation of a metro interchange station in Shanghai soft clay has been constructed and monitored for 2 years. The excavation area was 9,000 m² and supported by diaphragm walls. For construction convenience, the excavation was split into four zones (multiple pits) with varied sizes and depths. On the basis of the interpretation of field monitoring data, the following major findings were obtained: (1) the measured wall deflections and ground settlements were smaller compared with those of similar case histories; (2) both jet-grouting and the geometry of pit played a key role in determining pit performance; (3) the location of maximum wall deflection varied dramatically with excavation depth and displayed three patterns; (4) the measured column uplifts were closely related to excavation depth; and (5) the axial forces of most struts were within 40% of design value, indicating safe for the strut system. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Construction processes require monitoring to ensure safety and to control the new and existing structures. Traditional monitoring is based on land surveys and geotechnical instruments and only allows for point-like measurements. Ground-based synthetic aperture radar (GB-SAR) is a remote sensing radar installed in the ground that offers the possibility of acquiring measurements in 2D covering areas of up to a few square kilometers in a single acquisition. Because the GB-SAR technology measures phase shifts along the Line-of-Sight, it only allows for measurements in the longitudinal direction. Moreover, this technology requires coherence between subsequent acquisitions. These restrictions can be a limitation to the usage of GB-SAR for monitoring a construction process because in this context, the movements of soil and existing structures occur in any direction and at a very fast pace. This paper aims to test the GB-SAR suitability to measure movements during construction. To do so, an experiment was performed in the future railway station of La Sagrera, Barcelona (Spain), in which GB-SAR was used to accurately quantify wall displacements induced by dewatering and proved to be helpful to understand structural deformations and to identify vulnerable areas. The results were compared to traditional monitoring data and numerical models to confirm the reliability of the GB-SAR measurements. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]