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This essay introduces audiation , a new concept and keyword for literary criticism and sound studies. I take the term from music education, where it is used to describe the faculty by which we "hear" in the mind, either through recall or in response to the cues provided by written notation. This terminology facilitates a focus on the mental soundscapes text can convey, on the range of nonlexical and nonvocal sounds written language can represent and communicate, and on its capacity to create mental experiences of sound that exceed the possibilities of physical speech and even the acoustic worlds available to our physical senses. Attention to audiation, I argue, enables attention to how we hear texts rather than how we speak them. Or, framed differently, audiation is to hearing as interior voice is to speaking: if the concept of speech centers the reader as an active subject and their production of a voice or voices, then attention to audiation offers instead the potential to center that reader as a listener, an auditor, an object addressed or interpellated by a text. Briefly reviewing and reconsidering the sound-related vocabularies that typically attach to descriptions of reading in general, and of reading lyric in particular, I model possible affordances of audiation for literary criticism as well as for sound studies. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The limitations of the enumerative nature of the Universal Decimal Classification (UDC) are compensated by the existence of the auxiliary tables, also known as facets, which provide flexibility to and enhance the expressiveness of the classification as a whole. Their use makes new notations possible through synthesis, avoiding as a result further subdividing and enumeration of concepts. This way, new compound numbers are created with a direct impact on the flexibility of the classificatory structure. The paper aims to focus on the UDC auxiliary tables and their contribution to improved expressiveness of the subjects represented by the UDC main class numbers. Our purpose is to demonstrate that despite the limitations of an analytico-synthetic classification system designed more than one hundred years ago, successive developments of the scheme along with the consistent updating of its functionalities enables it to be successfully used in modern information retrieval systems both from bibliographic and non-bibliographic domain. The impact of these features on subject retrieval are explored in the paper. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

I argue that cosmological methods, and the debates they inspired, were a major source of innovation in phonological scholarship during the late Ming. Sixteenthand seventeenth-century scholars strove to document the scope of possible sounds existing in the universe. Realizing the Chinese script was insufficient to fully record them, they explored new notation systems to comprehensively describe sound. Although competing contemporaneous approaches called for analyzing phonology according to regional or historical differences, Ming cosmologists asserted a significant alternative that they believed overcame limits of place and time. This case study suggests a need to rethink the impact of Ming scholars on Chinese intellectual history and on the history of writing in China. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In the past 10 years, the research community has produced a significant number of design notations to represent security properties and concepts in a design artifact. These notations are aimed at documenting and analyzing security in a software design model. The fragmentation of the research space, however, has resulted in a complex tangle of different techniques. Hence, practitioners are confronted with the challenging task of scouting the right approach from a multitude of proposals. Similarly, it is hard for researchers to keep track of the synergies among the existing notations, in order to identify the existing opportunities for original contributions. This paper presents a systematic literature review that inventorizes the existing notations and provides an in-depth, comparative analysis for each. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The prescription administered to the woman suspected of adultery (Num. 5.11–31) remains an enigma as long as ‭רפע‬, the essential component of the potion, is understood as dust or earth. The whole procedure is clarified, however, once ‭רפע‬ is identified as copper ore, given that the symptoms of copper intoxication fit the main and side effects of the potion precisely as evoked in this text. The Sotah prescription therefore has nothing to do with ordeal, magic practices or psychosomatic effects. It is a set of instructions administered during the early stages of pregnancy when doubts arise around paternity. The presence of copper ore in the sanctuary, together with the discrepancy between this practice and the Israelite laws and ethics addressing adultery, suggests that the Sotah prescription was borrowed from the Kenite metalworking religious context. Furthermore, its incongruence with the Israelite way of life reveals that this prescription was inserted ‘as is' in the book of Numbers. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Universal Decimal Classification (UDC), being a predecessor of Colon Classification (CC), had impacts on CC in various ways - directly as well as indirectly. But surprisingly CC too made an impact on UDC in various ways during its revision process. The paper discusses how these two classification schemes have influenced each other in different spheres. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Library catalogues are significant surrogates of the documents in the library collection. This paper first describes the conceptual model of FRBR. Then it shifts its focus and goes on to describe the Colon Book Numbers of S.R. Ranganathan. Subsequently, it explores a symbiotic relationship between Functional Requirements for Bibliographic Records (FRBR) and Colon Book Numbers. The study reveals that many of the features of FRBR are already present in Colon Book Numbers. The paper concludes that catalogues adopting FRBR model can go for a full-fledged book numbering system like Colon Book Numbers, so that, a simple call number search can also bring together all the entity-relationships in the retrievals. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This article analyzes similarities and differences between Functional Requirements for Bibliographic Records (FRBR) entities and their representation in the Colon Classification call numbers. Dealing with lack of organization in library shelves and in the lists of bibliographic records resulting from users’ searches in our present online catalogs, the article discusses the chance to organize bibliographic resources by FRBR entities using the model of the facet formula provided for call numbers in Colon Classification and by means of relevant, ready, and useable extant data. Main results of this analysis are: correspondences between FRBR entities and categories expressed in Ranganathan's bibliographic system can be found; a sound but not completely FRBRized bibliographic arrangement can be reached by call numbers also in catalogs not structurally capable to satisfy the FRBR model; in Ranganathan's classified catalog1 semantic and semiotic cataloging are perfectly integrated, giving access to the bibliographic universe as a whole; facet formula for call numbers could be used as an identifying device. [ABSTRACT FROM PUBLISHER]

Abstract: Brigham Young University''s Harold B. Lee Library conducted a time-task cost study to compare the cost and processing time of shelf-ready books to non-shelf-ready books to determine if it could better use its human resources and if it should expand the use of shelf-ready to include its approval books. The results showed that shelf-ready was, on average, 5.7% cheaper, took 47% less processing time, and arrived on the shelves 33 sooner than books processed in-house. Based on the results of the study, the library moved its approval books to the shelf-ready program and was able to reallocate catalogers tasks. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]

Libraries and information centres use often multiple classification schemes for organizing their collections. In Canadian full depository libraries government publications can be organized in collections using a government publishing office's own notation, knowledge organization notation, or other notational scheme designed especially for government publications. Provenance-based schemes such as CODOC are attractive for their universality and for work-related purposes that may be influenced by financial challenges. However, libraries that use multiple notations for government publications may open the potential for intellectual disruption to information retrieval practices in either physical or virtual browsing. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The article discusses the advantage and disadvantage of electronic (e)book in 2010. It mentions that ebooks' lack of uniformity page numbers makes it hard to refer to material in academic writing. However, ebooks permit digital processing of text that should be a boon for readers and researchers and with instant search, concordances throughout multiple books can be produced.

This article explores ways that notation in Table 5 Ethnic and National Groups of the Dewey Decimal Classification (DDC) system can be used to extend subject access to works about racially mixed people beyond that provided by the rules for constructing standard DDC numbers. The proposed approach makes use of the new 083 field (Additional Dewey Decimal Classification Number) in the MARC Bibliographic Format and techniques developed for DeweyBrowser beta v2.0 by OCLC Research, especially tag clouds. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The article offers information about subject indexing in library and information science. A software trend enabling users to contribute content attributes to keywords is compared with developments in subject indexing, which uses systematically assigned controlled terms and a standardized notational system. Related topics such as faceted navigation and classification systems, including Dewey-Decimal Classification (DDC), are discussed.

This article describes the management of periodical collections at the Centre de ressources Alain-Grandbois. The periodical collections and physical space devoted to their shelving are recorded with the help of a management tool. A rigorous inventory is ensured by an efficient method that allows for the close monitoring of shelf space and retention periods. The methodology used is based on a system that records what is added to the collection and what is borrowed from it in order to determine what space is actually required. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Since 1980, most of the functions of the card catalog have been gradually incorporated into the online catalog. In contrast, the traditional shelflist has fallen into obscurity as retrospective conversion projects have been completed. Most of the functions of the traditional shelflist have been incorporated into the online catalog: nevertheless, the online catalog still does not provide all the functions that the traditional shelflist used to perform. This paper introduces how Washington State University Libraries set up an online history file to incorporate some of the functions of the traditional shelflist into their online catalog. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This note generalizes the notion of dissipative solutions to non-isotropic degenerate parabolic balance laws introduced in [3]. The new definition allows us to use a larger class of test functions than the one used in [3] to study the equivalence between dissipative and entropy solutions. As a result, it is possible to study general relaxation-type approximations (limits). [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

With more than a million books published each year, thousands of books will be cataloged and shelved in libraries. Assigning book numbers efficiently and balancing the distribution of main entries over the LC Cutter Table entries have become critical issues for shelving later entries in libraries using the Library of Congress Classification (LCC) system. This paper aims to explore and discuss the problems in assigning book numbers (Cutter numbers) to printed materials under the LCC System. The existing problems have blocked or invaded the usage of some numbers and letters ruled by the LC Cutter Table. The reason is either not following the LC Cutter Table well, or confusion in using the Table. Directly downloading the LC record to the local database adds more questions to the issue. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Everyone who has worked with qualitative interview data has run into problems with transcription error, even if they do the transcribing themselves. A thoughtful, accurate, reliable, multilingual transcriptionist with a quick turnaround time is worth her or his weight in gold. In this article, the authors examine some transcription circumstances that seem to bring about their own consistent set of problems. Based on their experiences, the authors examine the following issues: use of voice recognition systems; notation choices; processing and active listening versus touch typing; transcriptionist effect; emotionally loaded audiotaped material; class and/or cultural differences among interviewee, interviewer, and transcriptionist; and some errors that arise when working in a second language. The authors offer suggestions for working with transcriptionists as part of the qualitative research team. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Examines the various ways in which the earliest systematic collections of archeological source material, both handmade and printed, dealt with the problem of notation. Need to devise notation systems that would preserve the crucial features from copy to copy with minimal corruption and misunderstanding; Scribal error; Concept of the printed syllogue; Devices of the antiquarian manuscripts.

Investigates on the effects the shelf classification of fiction had on the ways how library clients use the library's stock of fiction in Kajaani, Finland. Definition of shelf classification of fiction; Examples and experiments of shelf classification of fiction; Loaning of fiction in the libraries that took part in the experimentation.

The article focuses on the Blackbook, a call-number list project launched by the Andrews University's Music Materials Center of the James White Library. It states that the list founded by librarian Elaine Waller aims to ensure the cataloging of sound recordings. The article also discusses the quality of work and dedication of student workers in the University.

The article announces the mandatory inclusion of the statement of "author contributions" by authors who will contribute manuscript for the publication "Nature Physics." It notes that the statements required no format than a comment on the reported work by all authors. Such is suggested to be useful especially when a question is raised about fraud.

The article announces that the International ISBN Agency (Standard Number Address Agency), beginning in the second quarter of 2008, will introduce a new ISBN prefix, viz. 979. Booksellers and library systems may need to prepare. The 978 prefix was added to the previous system to track numbers in parallel with the 10-digit system. The 979 prefix will make future use of the 10-digit numbers obsolete.

The article discusses the effect of tied ranks on the rank order correlation. The purpose of this paper is to indicate a potential bias in the rank order correlation, when ties are involved. The notation used here is that used by behavioral scientist S. Siegel. There are formulae given, which are appropriate for computing the rank order correlation when there are no tied ranks refers to the Spearman rank order correlation. There are also recommendations given, which are appropriate when tied ranks occur.