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Heterovalent ion doping has been playing a remarkably significant role in the microwave dielectric performances of columbite A2+Nb 2 O 6 (A2+ = Zn, Ca, or transition metal). Here, the Q × f value of MgNb 2 O 6 ceramics can be effectively enhanced from 32,893 GHz to 117,659 GHz by doping with 1 mol% (TiW)5+. Based on the high Q value of Mg(Nb 0.98 Ti 0.01 W 0.01) 2 O 6 , TiO 2 was selected to further adjust the τ f value of the matrix material prepared by the conventional solid-state reaction method. The results show that the Mg(Nb 0.98 Ti 0.01 W 0.01) 2 O 6 ceramics undergo three phase zones with increasing TiO 2 content: columbite (MgNb 2 O 6) solid solution, a mixture of columbite and rutile (Ti 0.5 Mg 0.167 Nb 0.333 O 2), and Ti 0.5 Mg 0.167 Nb 0.333 O 2 solid solution. This variation in phase formation has an essential effect on the microwave dielectric behavior of Mg(Nb 0.98 Ti 0.01 W 0.01) 2 O 6 @xTiO 2 (0.03 ≤ x ≤ 0.25) ceramics. It is important to note that at x = 0.17, the specimen has excellent microwave dielectric performances, with ε r = 34.79, Q × f = 24,103 GHz, and the τ f of the specimen may be adjust to zero. It is anticipated that these materials will be utilised in contemporary microwave and telecommunication equipment. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The global manufacturing landscape is undergoing a profound shift, and the paradigm of service-led industrial evolution has taken on paramount importance. Service-oriented manufacturing has emerged as a pivotal conduit for the transformation and elevation of China's sporting goods manufacturing sector. However, we acknowledge that the current state of service-oriented transformation in this sector is still in an embryonic phase. The nuanced interplay between the level of servitization and its consequent impact on corporate performance, along with the intricate forms of interference exerted by various factors in the process of servitization, are shrouded in ambiguity. This article, which is predicated upon the financial disclosures of China's sporting goods manufacturing enterprises listed on the A-share and New Third Board markets, presents a rigorous investigation. Through the construction of an imbalanced panel dataset covering the period of 2007 to 2022, we embark on an empirical journey examining the intricacies of a moderated mediation model to ascertain the mechanisms underlying the influence of servitization on the performance of sporting goods manufacturing entities. Through this research, we unearth a compelling revelation: (1) Within the cohort of sampled enterprises, an elevation of servitization evokes a modest suppressive effect on corporate performance, thus resulting in the enigmatic "servitization paradox." (2) A total of 29.1% of the servitization impact on enterprise performance is achieved through marketing intensity; that is, there is a partial mediating effect of marketing intensity on the relationship between servitization and enterprise performance. (3) Market power play a negative regulatory role in this relationship, which drives the servitization paradox in sporting goods manufacturing but can also promote the positive impact of servitization on marketing intensity. In addition, with the expansion of market power, corporate servitization does not need to impact corporate performance through marketing activities. (4) R&D intensity negatively affects the relationship between marketing intensity and corporate performance, promotes the inhibitory effect of marketing intensity on corporate performance, and aggravates the inhibitory effect of servitization on corporate performance through marketing intensity. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

To provide sustainable and stable information and communication technology (ICT) services, the NTT Group is addressing various issues, such as standardizing indicators for application service quality, promoting network services, protecting telecommunication equipment from electromagnetic interference and lightning surges, assessing the impact of ICT on climate change, and promoting a circular economy conductive to sustainable development. This article introduces the activities and standardization trends in each of the above fields. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Today, using the medical technology of telecardiology, as part of advanced medical services, plays an essential role in providing care to cardiac patients in life-threatening conditions who need emergency care. However, pre-hospital emergency care personnel are faced with certain challenges in using telecardiology, with adverse effects on their performance. Therefore, the present study aimed to investigate the challenges to using telecardiology as viewed by pre-hospital emergency care personnel in Southern Iran. Methods: The present study is a qualitative work of research with a content analysis approach. Selected using purposeful sampling, 19 pre-hospital emergency care personnel were interviewed on a semi-structured, personal, in-depth basis. The qualitative data obtained were analyzed using the Graneheim and Lundman's conventional content analysis approach (2004). Results: Based on the qualitative data analysis, 3 themes and 8 subthemes were obtained. The three main themes included professional barriers (lack of clinical knowledge of telecardiology, lack of clinical skill in telecardiology, violation of patients' privacy, lack of clinical guidelines on telecardiology), medical equipment and telecommunication barriers (poor reception and ineffective means of communication, low charge on the battery of tele-electrocardiogram machines), and organizational management barriers (serious lack of cardiologists available for medical counseling and lack of continual personal development of the telecardiology personnel). Conclusion: Senior managers in pre-hospital emergency care services are recommended to use the results of this study to identify the influential factors in using telecardiology and take the necessary measures to eliminate the existing barriers toward making optimal use of telemedicine, thereby improving the quality of care provided for cardiac patients. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

RISC-V set architecture is playing an increasingly important role in processor technology due to its open instructions which allow researchers to build and improve computing systems. However, many RISC-V architectures exist in multi-core architecture with complex designs, large area, and high-power consumption. This paper studies an open-source multi-core RISC-V processor in a simple design with less power consumption. The processor depends on an open-source single RISC-V core processor, Taiga. Two cores of Taiga are integrated on a single chip while addressing issues related to cache coherence, interconnect, and memory design. A solution has been developed to achieve data coherence between implemented caches and the main memory; its architecture depends on the snoopy protocol. A hardware-customized peripheral unit has been implemented to achieve the management process among operated cores' tasks. For more consistent and highly controlled memory storage, the main memory unit has been designed in dual-port based on a specific protocol in the interface, and 8192 lines and word addressable unit. As the UART is common in several devices and processors for communication, the UART as a peripheral customized device has been appended for communication with other devices. The processor has been implemented in System Verilog HDL and extensively tested on various testbenches to ensure correct functionality. Hence, the system performance has been evaluated using the CoreMark benchmark, and achieved 4.605 CoreMark/MHz on Zedboard (FPGA Xilinx family) with a maximum operating frequency 98 MHz. The results indicate that the processor performs comparably to state-of-the-art multi-core processors, while offering a simpler and more power-efficient design. Overall, the research demonstrates the potentialof RISC-V architecture in creating a simple and power-efficient multi-core RISC-V processor. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This article presents examples of equipment and facility deterioration due to corrosion of guy wires and maintenance holes installed in coastal areas as well as examples of countermeasures to protect equipment and facilities from salt damage. This is the seventy-sixth article in a series on telecommunication technologies. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Telecommunication systems have become a critical part of society which enables connectivity to many essential and trivial services. Consequently, telecommunication equipment is housed in cabinets to protect the electronics from a variety of hazards; one of which is temperature-related failure. Current practices use a notable amount of power for the thermal management of telecommunication cabinets which can be reduced by considering alternative methods of cooling. In this paper, experiments were carried out to investigate the effectiveness of different internal mounting configurations of electronic components on the thermal performance of a telecommunication cabinet. The investigation tested inclinations (0–90°), different staggered offsets (0–50 mm), changing stream-wise spacing (29–108 mm), and fan speed (with a Reynolds number in the range of 1604 to 5539). The experimental study revealed that heat transfer was enhanced by 9.99 % by altering component inclination to 90°, 25.90% by increasing stream-wise spacing from 29 mm to 108 mm, and 36.02% by increasing the Reynolds number from 1604 to 5539. However, the staggered arrangement of internal components decreased N u by 3.26% for the natural convection condition but increased by 5.69% for the forced convection condition over the tested range and increasing the centre offset of the staggered components with respect to the cabinet did not influence N u in any significant manner. Natural convection and forced convection also had notable influence on the heat transfer rate. Hence it was seen that alternative internal configurations positively influence heat transfer in telecommunication cabinets for the cases studied. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

We propose a data-driven framework to increase the computational efficiency of the explicit finite element method in the structural analysis of soft tissue. An encoder–decoder long short-term memory deep neural network is trained based on the data produced by an explicit, distributed finite element solver. We leverage this network to predict synchronized displacements at shared nodes, minimizing the amount of communication between processors. We perform extensive numerical experiments to quantify the accuracy and stability of the proposed synchronization-avoiding algorithm. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

With the rapid and continuous development of network technology, a multiprocessor system, consisting of multiple processors and communication links, plays an significant role in big data era. The topology of a multiprocessor system is a basic architecture of great influence on the network performance. Multiprocessor systems should have some good performances such as low communication costs, high network reliability, and friendly resource sharing. Therefore, designing a high-performance network architecture is of great significance to multiprocessor systems. In this paper, we propose a more general class of balanced hypercubes with two more general edge-disjoint sets of perfect matchings as cross edges. Then we explore some basic properties of G B H n. Furthermore, we show the connectivity, super connectivity, extra connectivity and (extra) diagnosability of G B H n , respectively. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This article provides two case studies of the occurrence of mold in telecommunication equipment and facilities and its impacts on the materials of the equipment and facilities. This is the seventy-third article in a series on telecommunication technologies. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In view of the current new energy vehicles only implement torque control on the drive motor, resulting in the engine speed fluctuation, affecting the vehicle running stability and reducing the engine efficiency and energy saving effect, a new energy vehicle engine speed control method based on Internet of vehicles technology is proposed. The battery and operation data are obtained through the sensor of the new energy vehicle Internet of vehicles, and the data are controlled and transmitted by the controller area network. The overall external dynamic characteristics of the engine are analyzed by using the average value model. According to the principle of engine dynamic system, the throttle intake manifold model, combustion torque model and power output sub model are constructed respectively. The speed is controlled by double working points According to the variable parameter PID control of the engine, the load prediction is introduced to optimize the speed control, and the internal pressure value of the accumulator is obtained through the SOP value to realize the speed control of the new energy vehicle engine. The experimental results show that the engine speed control method can effectively improve the energy-saving effect and efficiency of the engine, reduce the engine speed fluctuation, and improve the vehicle running stability under the condition of meeting the driver's torque demand. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

As software products increasingly become part of larger ecosystems, research and development (R&D) units of software producers organize themselves around projects to become more responsive to the environment. Organizations participating in software ecosystems must continuously adapt and adjust their software development and maintenance processes to drive both medium-term and long-term innovation. Agile methods and practices are widely adopted to guide the collaboration within and between project teams in software development. Moreover, when successfully attained, agility can drive innovation by enabling software development organizations to cope with technological changes and exploit emerging opportunities in software ecosystems. In this article, we focus on how organizations attain agility in the maintenance and development of software products. To answer this question, we conduct a longitudinal case study of Agile Scrum implementation in the R&D unit of a major supplier of telecommunication equipment. We investigate the emerging tensions and highlight practices used to balance these tensions in the Agile Scrum implementation. We identify four capabilities and ten practices that support effective collaboration and coordination in the development and maintenance of software products. The study offers practical guidance for R&D managers to attain agility in software ecosystems. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Microstructured optical fibres (MOFs) are fibres that contain an array of air holes that runs through the whole fibre length. The hole pattern of these fibres can be customized to manufacture optical devices for different applications ranging from high-power energy transmission equipment to telecommunications and optical sensors. During the drawing process, the size of the preform is greatly scaled down and the original hole pattern result might be modified, potentially leading to unwanted optical effects. Because only a few parameters can be controlled during the fabrication process, mathematical models that can accurately describe the fibre drawing process are highly desirable, being powerful predictive tools that are significantly cheaper than costly experiments. In this manuscript, we derive a new asymptotic energy equation for the drawing process of a single annular capillary and couple it with existing asymptotic mass, momentum, and evolution equations. The whole asymptotic model only exploits the small aspect ratio of a capillary and relies on neither a fitting procedure nor on any empirical adjustable parameters. The numerical results of the simplified model are in good accordance with experimental data available in the literature both without inner pressurization and when internal pressure is applied. Although valid only for annular capillaries, the present model can provide important insights towards understanding the MOF manufacturing process and improving less detailed approaches for more complicated geometries. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this article, an event-triggered distributed state estimation mechanism is proposed for general linear systems that comprise several subsystems. Two distributed moving horizon estimation (MHE) algorithms that can handle constraints on disturbances and noise are proposed. An event scheduler is exploited to govern the evaluation of the estimators and networked information exchange between the plant and the estimators, such that good estimates can be provided while both the usage of processors and networked communication frequency can be reduced. The estimation error provided by the event-triggered estimation mechanism is proven to be convergent and bounded. A numerical example and a chemical process example are used to verify the effectiveness and applicability of the proposed method. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Quantum technology promises to revolutionize how we learn about the physical world. An experiment that processes quantum data with a quantum computer could have substantial advantages over conventional experiments in which quantum states are measured and outcomes are processed with a classical computer. We proved that quantum machines could learn from exponentially fewer experiments than the number required by conventional experiments. This exponential advantage is shown for predicting properties of physical systems, performing quantum principal component analysis, and learning about physical dynamics. Furthermore, the quantum resources needed for achieving an exponential advantage are quite modest in some cases. Conducting experiments with 40 superconducting qubits and 1300 quantum gates, we demonstrated that a substantial quantum advantage is possible with todayÕs quantum processors. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Despite contributions, most of the studies on electronic‐telecommunications trade are conducted within the framework of a global value chain and mainly based on an enterprise‐level. The global trade structure and dynamics of electronic‐telecommunications are still mysterious. In this paper, by deriving trade data of electronic‐telecommunications between countries (regions) from the UN Comtrade Database, characteristics in product, space and network of the global electronic‐telecommunications trade from 2000 to 2017 are explored, and the factors influencing its evolution. The results indicate that telecommunications equipment is gradually replacing electronic integrated circuits, thus leading the development of global trade on electronic‐telecommunications. In space, the global import pattern of electronic‐telecommunications has always been a tri‐polar pattern dominated by Asia‐Pacific, Europe, and North America, while the geography of global electronic‐telecommunications export has undergone fundamental changes, most notably the rise of the East Asia region represented by Mainland China. The global trade center in electronic and communication products has changed from USA to China. In terms of network structure, the global electronic‐telecommunications trade network continues to expand, showing significant small‐world and core‐peripheral characteristics, and a more competitive multi‐centric core is observed. In addition, Quadratic Assignment Procedure analysis indicates that culture proximity, innovation differences, and manufacturing differences have a positive effect on the international trade, while geographical distance, economic gap, openness gap, trade gap, and infrastructure gap play negative roles. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Spinel ferrites nano-particles are broadly premeditated due to their applications in wide range of technologies like high-density magnetic data storage, magnetic fluids, microwave devices, electrical generators, telecommunication equipment, and gas sensors. Cerium-doped Co-spinel nano-ferrites CoCe x Fe 2 - x O 4 were synthesized with variation of dopant concentration (x = 0.0, 0.02, 0.04, 0.06, 0.08 and 0.1) using co-precipitation technique. The as-fabricated samples have been characterized using X-ray Diffractometer (XRD), Fourier Transform Infrared Radiation (FTIR), UV–Visible Spectrometer (UV–Vis), Vibrating Sample Magnetometer (VSM), and LCR meter. Structural analysis revealed the formation of cubic spinel structure along with presence of secondary phases of CeO2 as introduction of cerium into the host. UV–Vis spectroscopy has been used to find out the direct band-gap energies of as-fabricated samples. Although, the as-fabricated pure and doped cobalt ferrite samples have low values of saturation magnetization and coercivity, but still they are ferromagnetic in nature. The variation of dielectric constant, tangent loss, and A.C conductivity with frequency and cerium concentration has been observed. The Dielectric Constant and tangent loss decrease with increasing frequency for all the samples. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The health crisis caused by the COVID-19 pandemic transformed the business operational paradigm globally, and the financial industry in Costa Rica is not an exception. The unprecedented context demanded high levels of resilience and innovation in overcoming the effects of the pandemic. Thus, the overall purpose of this research is to describe the main variables that characterize the future of work in the Costa Rican financial service industry in a post-COVID-19 scenario. This study applied a mixed research methodology and a thorough complementary literature review. As a primary data collection tool, a structured questionnaire was applied to 421 people from a specific population sample. To investigate about; current implemented technological platforms, how work productivity is measured, business positions with possibilities of remote working, operational processes which can be automated, and key variables related to the characteristics of the future of work. The findings demonstrate broad characteristics, opportunities, and trends of the future; the relevance of working remotely and the main contributions of telecommunication equipment. Furthermore, a series of recommendations are made to provide tools for financial companies to cope with unprecedented changes in the future. Additionally, this research contributes to increasing the access of Small and Medium Enterprises (SMEs) to financial services such as affordable credit and their integration into value chains and markets. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Increasing manufacturing process variations due to aggressive technology scaling in addition to heterogeneity in design components are expected to cause serious challenges for future embedded system design steps including task scheduling. Process variation effects along with increased complexity in embedded applications result in design uncertainties, which in turn, reduce the accuracy and efficiency of traditional design approaches with deterministic values for the design component parameters. In this paper, a multi-objective task scheduling framework is proposed for embedded systems considering uncertainties in both hardware and software component parameters. The tasks which are modeled as a task graph are scheduled on a specific hardware platform consisting of processors and communication parts. Uncertainty is considered in both software (task parameters) and hardware (processor and communication parameters) of the embedded system. UMOTS takes advantages of a Monte-Carlo-based approach within a multi-objective genetic algorithm to handle the uncertainties in model parameters. The proposed approach finds the Pareto frontier, which is robust against uncertainties, in the objective space formed by performance, energy consumption, and reliability. The efficiency of UMOTS is investigated in the experimental results using real-application task graphs. In terms of Scheduling Length Ratio (SLR) and speedup, UMOTS provides 27.8% and 28.6% performance improvements in comparison to HSHD, one state-of-the-art task scheduling algorithm. Additionally, UMOTS, which is based on a multi-objective genetic optimization algorithms, finds robust Pareto frontier with 1%, 5% and 10% uncertainty in design indicators with respect to design limitations. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

• A flat plate heat pipe with dimensions of 500 × 200 × 3 mm3 and containing 19 independent microchannels inside is developed. • CFD modeling based on the VOF model and improved Lee model was performed to reproduce the heat transfer behaviors. • The ANN model agrees well with the simulated data with MSE and R of 1.30 × 10-5 and 0.9990, respectively. • The model constructed can provide an effective tool for the adaptation and optimization of heat pipe in 5G base station. To address the significantly increased heat dissipation requirements of 5G base stations, a flat plate heat pipe (FPHP) of 500 × 200 × 3 mm3 comprising of 19 independent channels was developed. To solve the problem of simulation distortion due to the high superheat of the initial boiling of the working fluid in the ultra-long channel of 490 × 5 × 1.5 mm3, this paper adopts the Lee model considering the superheat, and simulates based on the Volume of fluid method, and the simulation results are compared with the experiments, and the average relative error is less than 5 %. The FPHP was explored at 100–500 W heat power and filling ratio of 30 %-70 %, depending on the application scenarios of the base station. By partitioning the 19 channels and calculating the thermal resistance of the FPHP based, an Artificial neural network (ANN) model with 10 hidden layer nodes is established based on 675 data sets. The results showed that the mean square error and correlation coefficient were 1.30 × 10-5 and 0.9990. The ANN prediction results are validated, the mean relative error is 5.4 %, demonstrating that the ANN model can be an effective tool to optimize the FPHP for the telecommunication equipment. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Telecommunication system is one of the critical lifeline systems for national life and post-earthquake emergency response. Telecommunication equipment is the necessary components to preserve communication functionality of telecommunication system. The severe damage and functionality loss of data center buildings resulting from damage to telecommunication equipment are frequently reported following earthquakes. Thus, there is an increasing need to understand the performance of telecommunication equipment during earthquakes. Seismic investigation of three server cabinets in internet data center buildings are presented in this study. The seismic damage and dynamic characteristics of server cabinets were evaluated and explained in terms of the natural frequency, stress, acceleration, dynamic amplification factor, and deformation by triaxial shaking table tests. The input acceleration time histories were generated based on the required response spectra in YD 5083 code and AC 156 code, with seismic intensities ranging from 0.1 g to 1.2 g. Based on the test results, the effects of different mass distributions inside the cabinets and earthquake inputs were investigated. The seismic damage limit states of server cabinets were identified based on observed damage phenomenon. The corresponding seismic fragility models of server cabinets were developed based on shaking table test data. The results show that the Power Distribution Units inside the cabinets still worked normally and the output voltage was normal for all loading cases although the frame of cabinets suffered severe seismic damage. The normal functionality of server cabinets including more electronic devices and equipment should be carefully checked by shaking table tests. • Shaking table tests were conducted on three server cabinets. • The seismic response of server cabinets was investigated. • The seismic damage limit states of server cabinets were identified. • Seismic fragility curves of server cabinets were developed. • The efficiency of different IMs in predicting the damage states was estimated. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Effective peer effects and their influence channels play a crucial role in a focal firm's decision to pursue sustainability. This article analyzes a dataset comprising 2,098 sample firms over the period from 2011 to 2020, utilizing both textual analysis technology and the reverse maximum matching method to gauge transitions into sustainability (referred to as "sustainable transformation") based on annual financial reports. Our empirical findings demonstrate significant and positive peer effects within individual industries, as revealed through panel data analysis. Sustainable transformation in peer firms markedly impacts a focal firm's sustainable transformation, primarily through changes in the tone of cross-industry communications, gaps in sustainability among different firms, and the increased attention of analysts. This study may provide valuable insights into the effects of sustainability-related information disclosure among peer firms in certain industries, as well as the mechanisms of information transmission and external pressure associated with peer effects in emerging markets. The results of this work may also offer guidance for policymakers, and market regulators, and firm managers. • This study measures firm's sustainable transformation using textual analysis method. • Firms' sustainable transformation (ST) has a significant and positive peer effect. • Peer firms' ST has significant information and competitive transmission mechanism. • MD&A tone and analyst attention exhibit significant peer effects on firm's ST. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Remote sensing technologies are integral to monitoring the mountain cryosphere in a warming world. Satellite missions and field-based platforms have transformed understanding of the processes driving changes in mountain glacier dynamics, snow cover, lake evolution, and the associated emergence of hazards (e.g. avalanches, floods, landslides). Sensors and platforms are becoming more bespoke, with innovation being driven by the commercial sector, and image repositories are more frequently open access, leading to the democratisation of data analysis and interpretation. Cloud computing, artificial intelligence, and machine learning are rapidly transforming our ability to handle this exponential increase in data. This review therefore provides a timely opportunity to synthesise current capabilities in remote sensing of the mountain cryosphere. Scientific and commercial applications were critically examined, recognising the technologies that have most advanced the discipline. Low-cost sensors can also be deployed in the field, using microprocessors and telecommunications equipment to connect mountain glaciers to stakeholders for real-time monitoring. The potential for novel automated pipelines that can process vast volumes of data is also discussed, from reimagining historical aerial imagery to produce elevation models, to automatically delineating glacier boundaries. Finally, the applications of these emerging techniques that will benefit scientific research avenues and real-world societal programmes are discussed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The HYCOM mode requires higher I/O throughput and less computation, which brings great challenges to the design of high salable parallel algorithm. Therefore, this paper designed a parallel optimization algorithm based on region decomposition for high-throughput ocean data assimilation. First of all, it proposed a flexible file access approach for reading a large number of data from disks. As a result, it avoided the data accessing conflict successfully, and decreased the frequency of disk addressing operations significantly. Next, it designed a communication-avoiding strategy to reduce the communication volume at the cost of some additional computations. Furthermore, it presented a pipe-flow scheme for data exchange to conduct conflict-free message passing. Consequently, it developed a fast data-obtaining algorithm for the data assimilation. The experiments show that the fast data-obtaining algorithm gains a performance of 5 x speedup compared with the original one. More specifically, the new approach achieves 6 x speedup on average for the file reading process and 2.7 x speedup on average for the communication between processors. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Nonvocal alert patients in the intensive care unit (ICU) setting often struggle to communicate due to inaccessible or unavailable tools for augmentative and alternative communication. Innovation of a hand-operated non-touchscreen communication system for nonvocal ICU patients was guided by design concepts including speech output, simplicity, and flexibility. A novel communication tool, the Manually Operated Communication System (MOCS), was developed for use in intensive care settings with patients unable to speak. MOCS is a speech-output technology designed for patients with manual dexterity impairments preventing legible writing. MOCS may have the potential to improve communication for nonvocal patients with limited manual dexterity. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

• A network flow model of the VLSI processor array is constructed under row and column rerouting. • A new strategy for selecting the bottleneck row in the logic array using the minimum cutting technique is proposed. • The proposed schemes significantly reduce the interconnect redundancy of the logical subarray. The reconfiguration algorithms have been extensively investigated to ensure the reliability and stability for the processor arrays with faults. It is important to reduce the power consumption, capacitance and communication costs in the processors by reducing the interconnection length of the VLSI array. This paper discusses the reconfiguration problem of the high-performance VLSI processor array under the row and column rerouting constraints. A novel method, making use the idea of network flow, is proposed in this paper. Firstly, a network flow model of the VLSI processor array is constructed, such that the high-performance VLSI target array can be obtained by utilizing the minimal cost flow algorithm. Secondly, we propose a new strategy for bottleneck row selection in the logical array using the minimum cut technique, which can find a more suitable bottleneck row. Finally, we conducted reliable experiments to clearly reveal the efficiency of the new rerouting scheme and algorithm in reducing the number of long interconnects. The experimental results show that, for a host array with size of 256×256, the number of long interconnects in the subarray can be reduced by up to 79.22% and 55.88% without performance penalty for random faults with density of 1% and 25% respectively, when compared with state-of-the-art. In addition, the proposed scheme improves existing algorithm in terms of subarray size. On a 256×256 host array with 25% faulty density, the average improvement in subarray size is up to 3.77% compared with state-of-the-art. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this paper, we consider the impact of the product price, service level and delay parameters on the operation of enterprises in the current Chinese telecommunications industry. A three-oligarch game model is established, where system parameters are taken as important factors affecting the development of the involved companies. By improving their service levels, the three oligarchs could plunder the market of each other, but also enhance the reputation of the industry, thus bringing more communication data usage. In the paper, firstly we analyze the static Nash equilibrium, especially the impacts of competition intensity and service cost coefficiency. Then, we analyze the stability and evolution behavior of the system under the dynamic game. We found that the increase of competition intensity and cost coefficiency has adverse effects on the stability region. Finally, we show that a delay decision of a single company has a positive impact on its own profits, but not conducive to its own stability region and the profits of the opposing oligarchs, nor to the total profit. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Environmental pollutants are a source for reliability issues across data center and telecommunications equipment. A primary driver of this is the transport and deposition of particle matter (PM2.5, PM10) on printed circuit boards, electronic components, and heat exchange surfaces. This process is enhanced by turbulent air flows generated from cooling fans. Particle pollutants can persist after contemporary filtering, highlighting the importance of elucidating particle transport mechanisms and utilizing this information to design robust equipment. This study investigates particle transport behavior arising from axial fans operating under varied aerodynamic conditions. Transient, multiphase numerical simulations were performed to model the flow of millions of microscale particles in air and determine their fate. Across a comprehensive range of fan operation conditions, from aerodynamic stall to free delivery, nondimensional deposition velocities spanned an order of magnitude. Deposition profiles vary from monotonic to nonmonotonic behavior, influenced by local flow impingement, blade tip vortices, and shear velocity. A simple flow control solution that mitigates the factors influencing deposition has been demonstrated for equipment already deployed. The findings and numerical methods can be applied for the optimization of fan-cooled equipment intended for indoor and outdoor environments where air quality is poor, or pollution levels are high. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In recent times, there has been a significant growth in networks known as the wireless body area networks (WBANs). A WBAN connects distributed nodes throughout the human body, which can be placed on the skin, under the skin, or on clothing and can use the human body's electromagnetic waves. An approach to reduce the size of different telecommunication equipment is constantly being sought; this allows these devices to be closer to the body or even glued and embedded within the skin without making the user feel uncomfortable or posing as a danger for the user. These networks promise new medical applications; however, these are always based on the freedom of movement and the comfort they offer. Among the advantages of these networks is that they can significantly increase user's quality of life. For example, a person can carry a WBAN with built-in sensors that calculate the user's heart rate at any given time and send these data over the internet to user's doctor. This study provides a systematic review of WBAN, describing the applications and trends that have been developed with this type of network and, in addition, the protocols and standards that must be considered. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this paper, a special variable MEMS capacitor is offered to application in the telecommunication equipment especially SIW-based structures. The variable MEMS capacitor is designed with special serpentine arms around the membrane. By using these arms, the air damping and the stiffness of the capacitor are decreased. To evaluate the performance of the proposed structure, the mechanical model of it is extracted. Then the mathematical equations relevant to components such as spring constant, resonance (inherent) frequency, and especially the pull-in voltage are expressed. The static linear analysis and energy method is used to obtain the spring constant of the proposed structure. Also, the behavior of the proposed design is analyzed and simulated by applying the Intellsuite MEMS tool. The proposed design is optimized based on the dimension of the transmission line. Thus, the implementation of the MEMS capacitor is done using a gold layer of 6 μm and a 3 μm air gap. The simulation results show that, in zero bias, the natural frequency of the capacitor is 575 Hz. Also, the pull-in voltage is 1.34 V. Finally, the calculated and simulated results are compared and show that the proposed mechanical model for the proposed structure confirms its performance. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

An interconnection network is a complex connection of a set of processors and communication links between different processors which is utilized to exchange data between processors in the parallel computing system. Graph embedding is a vital tool used to run parallel algorithms in computer networks in which placing different modules on the board is one of the main cost criteria. By finding the optimal layout, the placement problem in circuit designs which does not have any deterministic algorithms can be solved. The complete multipartite graph is a widely used network topology with a high degree of reliability due to its flexible choice of network size. Recently a study was made by computing the optimal layout of balanced complete multipartite graphs into host graphs taken from the Cartesian product of elements in the set {path, cycle}, but leaving the case of product of paths as an open problem. This paper aims to solve such an open problem and the key idea is to locate suitable optimal sets in balanced complete multipartite graphs with respect to maximizing the number of edges in the located sets. Besides, we compute the layout in the case of host graphs like k -rooted complete binary trees, k -rooted sibling trees and the Cartesian product of path P 2 and complete binary trees. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]