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In the wake of the COVID-19 pandemic, scholars mobilized their efforts to address its far-reaching societal problems. With mobility restrictions being front and center of the pandemic, a new cohort of transportation science was developed within a short period of time. Here, we examine more than 400 studies related to COVID-19 published across transportation journals during 2020 and 2021. The aim is (i) to scope this newly developed segment of transportation research, (ii) outline the diversity of pandemic-related issues across various divisions of the transportation field and (iii) provide a roadmap for the future of this line of research. Common themes are identified and existing congruence and discrepancies across findings are discussed. Results show that although conventional methods of transportation research were adopted in virtually all COVID-19 studies, no pre-pandemic study was particularly instrumental in the development of this segment of transportation literature. The COVID-19 segment appears to have developed its own independent knowledge foundation, in that, it does not systemically and frequently look back at any particular pre-pandemic reference. Potential impacts of this newly developed segment on the metrics of transportation journals are quantified and discussed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A robust body of research in transportation has brought to light valuable findings and supported the development of important tools. However, crucial questions of "undone" science remain – topics and methods that current research practices could partially overlook. This review essay argues that transportation research could benefit from more critical reflection on researchers' positionalities, the field's emphasis on some methods and topics rather than others, and the role of funding. The article first considers the questions of funding influence and researcher positionality in the broader social sciences literature and then the implications of funding and positionality in transportation research. In the United States, transportation funding generally emphasises engineering fields and applied solutions; historically underrepresented racial/ethnic groups are a small share of researchers. Because of disciplinary traditions, funding, positionality, and other factors, transportation research paradigms may give relatively less attention to social issues, qualitative data, and local knowledge, while emphasising quantitative data, modelling, physical factors, and infrastructure building. The purpose of this paper is to start a dialogue, using the social science literatures, information about the transportation field, and examples of the importance of social and qualitative methods. Collective dialogue about researchers' positionalities and demographics, different types of knowledge, and the field could uncover important areas and approaches for transportation research and practice. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

To celebrate 60 years and pay tribute to the many great authors, reviewers, and editors of Transportation Journal we revisit the articles that have contributed so much to our discipline. In doing so, we provide a systematic literature review of the articles published in the journal since its inaugural issue in 1961. This review summarizes the most cited articles, the most frequently published authors, the primary topics of interest by decade, and other useful analyses. We also provide reviews of the top five most cited articles from the journal's past. In all, this examination of Transportation Journal archives has yielded interesting results providing a roadmap to the past, present, and future of transportation, logistics, and supply chain research. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Public transport performance not only directly depicts the convenience of a city's public transport, but also indirectly reflects urban dwellers' life quality and urban attractiveness. Understanding why some regions are easier to get around by public transport helps to build a green transport friendly city. This paper initiates a new perspective and method to investigate how public transport network's morphology contributes significantly to its performance. We investigate the significance of morphology from the perspective of graph classification – by extracting the typical local structures, called "motifs", from the multi-modal public transport multigraph. A motif is seen as a certain connectivity pattern of different transport modes at a local scale. Combinations of various motifs decide the output of graph classification, particularly, public transport performance. We invent an innovative method to extract motifs on complex spatial multigraphs. The proposed method is adaptable to unify complex factors into one simple form for swift coding, and depends less on observational data to handle data unavailability. In the study area of Beijing, we validate that the measure can infer varied public transport efficiencies and access equalities of different regions. Some typical areas with undeveloped or unevenly distributed public transport are further discussed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Travel behavior of the present generation of youths is being increasingly explored due to their relevance in shaping future accessibility needs and mobility habits. The present study offers an original perspective on this topic by identifying territorial disparities that emerge in youth mobility patterns in rural and urban areas. Unlike most previous research, we propose taking a global view on mobility by analyzing all trip purposes and transportation modes. This is conducted by analyzing a comprehensive mobility survey in the Barcelona Metropolitan Region, which provides data on mobility engagement, trip purposes, modal split, travel times and territorial differences. In general, youngsters account for larger daily travel times than older adults, present a higher attachment to public transportation and walk less on a daily basis. These differences are enhanced in rural territories, where while older adults overcome accessibility issues with higher use of the private vehicle, youngsters are more likely to invest larger travel times on transit. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Abstract Transportation Research (TR) was established in 1967 with the vision of promoting multi-disciplinary (economics, engineering, sociology, psychology) research on transport systems. The journal has continuously expanded its wings becoming a world-leading journal, now publishing research work through six parts, A to F, respectively addressing Policy and Practice , Methodological , Emerging Technologies , Transport and Environment , Logistics and Transportation Review , and Traffic Psychology and Behaviour. This study aims to celebrate the first half century of the journal through a bibliometric study of the publications on all six parts between 1967 and 2016. It uses the most reliable database for academic research, the Web of Science Core Collection , to identify the leading trends in all TR journals in terms of impact, topics, authors, universities, and countries. Moreover, it uses the Visualization of Similarities (VOS) viewer software to analyse bibliographic coupling, co-citation, citation, co-authorship, and co-occurrence of keywords. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper presents a review of Computable General Equilibrium (CGE) model applications for spatial economic and transport interaction modelling. This paper has three objectives (1) To deliver an up to date and comprehensive literature review on applications of CGE models in transportation, (2) To analyze the different methodological approaches and their theoretical and practical advantages and disadvantages, and (3) To ultimately provide guidance on designing CGE models for various transportation analyses. The content of the paper is as follows: first, a brief introduction to CGE models is provided. The history of CGE models is traced, ranging from their origins and seminal applications in economics, to their eventual adoption in transportation research. This is followed by a comprehensive review of the application of CGE models to transport projects and policies. Various applications in transportation are reviewed in terms of their intended application, as well as their treatment of space and time. Finally, these applications are contrasted with respect to their methodological approaches, with a close examination of various influential model choices. Here, the essential design choices made within these model applications are explained and debated, to clearly elaborate on the workings of the models and the design choices facing CGE model developers. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The Belt and Road (B&R) initiative was introduced by the Chinese government to promote the worldwide economic development and multilateral cooperation between China and the associated countries. As a crucial part of global supply chains, transportation plays a key role to ensure the implementation of the B&R. Safety is one of the issues with great importance in transportation research. However, its foci have been expanded from traditional risk through security to resilience and sustainability. Resilience has attracted considerable interests from both researchers and practitioners across different research domains in recent years. Various studies have been conducted on transportation resilience from different perspectives. Consequently, different definitions have been developed to define and describe resilience. This paper presents a systematic review on transportation resilience with emphasis on its definitions, characteristics, and research methods applied in different transportation systems/contexts. It aims to figure out what transportation resilience is and what kind of essential characters it usually has. More importantly, research challenges are analysed and a future research agenda on the resilience of transportation systems is proposed. This paper will provide comprehensive insights into understanding the transportation resilience, as well as establish new horizons for relevant research topics within the context of the B&R. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Heavy vehicle crashes are a major contributor to road-related fatalities. Representing only 3 % of the total number of registered vehicles and 8 % of the total vehicle kilometers traveled, heavy vehicles are involved in 18 % of fatal and serious injury crashes in Australia. Given the contributing role of vehicle defects in many heavy vehicle crashes, vehicle inspection schemes have been implemented to more effectively manage heavy vehicle safety. However, there is little empirical research about the impact of periodic heavy vehicle inspections on vehicle defects and crash casualties. Hence, this research investigates the efficacy and effectiveness of periodic heavy vehicle inspections by examining their impact on the factors contributing to heavy vehicle crashes as well as the severity of these crashes. Accordingly, a partial least squares path model (PLS-PM) is proposed and evaluated using the data of periodic heavy vehicle inspections and heavy vehicle crashes in Queensland, for the period of 2011–2013. The PLS-PM results are also compared with the results of potential, alternative analysis methods to provide further insights about potential applications of PLS-PM in transportation research. Although the scheme cannot be evaluated completely through the proposed analysis approach, the findings of this study contribute to the causal theory and practice of heavy vehicle inspection protocols, especially in relation to vehicle defects and road safety outcomes. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Both personal propensities and transportation-environment-based factors shape people’s sustainable travel behavior. However, little is known about the interplay of these two types of factors. In contrast to many of the commonly used behavior models in transportation research, the Campbell Paradigm directly accounts for constraining or supporting effects of the transportation environment with the concept of behavioral “costs” and proposes an additive, compensatory interplay with a person’s environmental attitude (i.e., attitude toward environmental protection). The current research (three studies, n  = 529 , n  = 382, and n  = 176) provides both quasi-experimental and experimental evidence for this compensatory hypothesis. Drawing on participants’ self-reports, an online scenario, and behavioral observation, we exclusively found that the main effects of the transportation environment and a person’s environmental attitude explained his or her sustainable travel behavior. In all three studies, the interaction effect was never significantly different from zero, and across studies (| r p | = .04), it was even significantly smaller than a conventional small effect. These findings support the Campbell Paradigm as a useful theoretical account and as a policy framework for inducing more sustainable travel behavior. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Vehicular social networks (VSNs) have attracted the research community due to its diverse applications ranging from safety to entertainment. Social vehicles standing for private cars and floating cars standing for taxis are two important components of VSN. However, the lack of social vehicles data causes some factors are neglected including social aspects and macroscopic features, which blocks researching social attributes of vehicles in VSN. Generating a realistic mobility dataset for VSN validation has been a great challenge. In this paper, we present the detailed procedure to generate social vehicular mobility dataset from the view of floating car data, which has the advantage of wide universality. First, through the deep analysis and modeling of the dataset of floating cars and combining with the official data, we predict the origin–destination (OD) matrix of social vehicles with the gravity model, and then calibrate the OD matrix with the average growth factor method. Second, we construct network description after editing the road network. Third, we use simulation of urban mobility to reproduce the scenario in view of microsimulation by generating the mobility dataset of social vehicles based on floating car data and urban functional areas. At last, we prove the effectiveness of our method by comparing with real traffic situation in Beijing. The generated mobility model may not accurately represent the mobility of social vehicles in few spots, such as train station or airport, however, exploiting figures and facts of transportation in the city have been considered in the study to calibrate the model up to maximum possible realization. [ABSTRACT FROM PUBLISHER]

In a build-operate-transfer (BOT) highway project, pavement roughness progression generally has a direct impact on the highway maintenance cost and user costs. Given two common rehabilitation strategies, this study respectively investigates the optimally designed highway capacity and tolls of multi-type vehicles in Pareto-efficient contracts. Under supplementary conditions, it proves that the optimal toll revenue could fully cover the highway construction and maintenance cost in these contracts, no matter with or without the regulated traffic composition. Further extensions are made to evaluate and identify properties of the highway v/c ratio, rehabilitation period or critical roughness under the two rehabilitation strategies, respectively. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A hinterland transport chain is the transport network on the landward side of a seaport, over which cargo moves to/from the seaport. A hinterland transport chain choice is jointly determined by seaports, dry ports, intermodal carriers, importers and exporters. In this paper, determinants of sea/dry port choice, shipper choice and intermodal carrier choice are deduced to also be determinants of hinterland transport chain choice. Furthermore, a behavioral model is presented that describes the joint choice of a hinterland transport chain, accounting for each of the above parties’ objectives: sea/dry ports seek to maximize throughput; intermodal carriers seek to maximize profits; and shippers seek to minimize logistics cost. The behavioral model is used in the analysis of unexplored areas in the hinterland transport chain literature, i.e. the fundamental issues of the existence and uniqueness of such chains. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this paper, we propose a new multivariate model for the dynamics of regional ocean freight rates. We show that a cointegrated system of regional spot freight rates can be decomposed into a common non-stationary market factor and stationary regional deviations. The resulting integrated CAR process is new to the literature. By interpreting the common market factor as the global arithmetic average of the regional rates, both the market factor and the regional deviations are observable which simplifies the calibration of the model. Moreover, forward contracts on the market factor can be traded in the Forward Freight Agreement (FFA) market. We calibrate the model to historical spot rate processes and illustrate the term structures of volatility and correlation between the regional prices and the market factor. Our model is an important contribution towards improved modelling and hedging of regional price risk when derivative market liquidity is concentrated in a single global benchmark. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

When collecting panel data, we need to acknowledge that responses do not represent independent measurements. The known apparatus in transportation research offers several opportunities to estimate panel effects for well-known and widely applied models such as hazard and dynamic logit models. However, the transportation research community is not endowed with a rich set of methods to account for panel effects in dynamic probabilistic decision trees, which have been used as a formalism for the representation of decision heuristics. Building on scarce prior work in statistics, we elaborate an approach to estimate panel effects in dynamic probabilistic decision trees with multinomial action states. Given that panel data naturally have a hierarchical structure with repeated measures nested within individuals, we implement a mixed-effects model that simultaneously accounts for population-level effects (fixed effects), between-individual variances (random effects), and within-individual variances (autocorrelations). The approach uses an iterative estimation procedure between CHAID-based probabilistic tree induction and Bayesian generalized linear mixture modeling (GLMM). When extracting the dynamic probabilistic decision trees, it is assumed that the random effects are known, while it is assumed that the fixed effects are known when estimating the Bayesian GLMM. This iterative process continues until convergence is reached. A Monte Carlo technique is used to navigate between aggregate choice probabilities and individual level multinomial choices. We also test the significance of temporal autocorrelation within individuals. The suggested approach is illustrated using charging station choice of users of Plug-in Electric Vehicles (PEV). Results support the potential value of the suggested approach. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The main objectives of the present study are to (a) map interventions that can be used to develop good safety culture in transport companies within road, sea, air and rail transport, (b) assess expected effects of interventions on safety culture and safety outcomes and (c) identify factors influencing safety culture change. By systematically reviewing the scientific literature, we identify 20 studies that describe and evaluate interventions to improve safety culture in road, rail, sea and air transport organizations. The review is reported according to PRISMA guidelines. The interventions studied vary widely in their comprehensiveness, but a lack of both standardized outcome measures and controlled evaluations means that it is difficult to compare different interventions, either within or across sectors. Most studies, however, report improvements in safety culture where this is measured. We find that attempts to understand the mechanisms of cultural change leading to behavioural change and improved safety performance are lacking. Although safety culture is an organizational measure, we only found one peer-reviewed study of an attempt to improve safety culture in a single air transport organization and no studies of this in the maritime sector. We conclude that on the whole the reviewed safety culture interventions seem to be effective, but comprehensive and resource demanding. We suggest that future research should develop simpler interventions by focusing on the basic requirements of safety culture change. We contribute to this by identifying four key activities ( content ) which seem to be common in all the reviewed interventions, and eight key factors ( process ) influencing the success of efforts to influence safety culture. The basic requirements of safety culture change seem to be to institutionalize joint discussions of work place hazards facilitated by manager commitment and employee involvement. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Mode shift from public transport (PT) to private car when a PT shut-down occurs results in an increase in the number of car trips on the road network which may contribute to traffic congestion. Policies aimed at reducing the mode shift to car can be designed through a better understanding of PT users’ mode shift in the event of a PT disruption. Furthermore, the share of car mode shift is also an important parameter for assessing traffic congestion relief associated with day to day PT provision in cities. This study sought to uncover factors influencing the mode shift to car among PT users in the event of a PT disruption. Semi-structured interviews were conducted with 30PT users from Melbourne, Australia. Grounded theory was used to derive categories and subcategories of behavioural responses. Factors affecting mode shift to car if PT ceases in the short term were classified into three main themes with several subcategories: individual-specific factors, context-specific factors and journey-specific factors. In the long term, the analysis reveals that only context-specific factors have an influence on mode shift. Findings show that car access, travel time, travel cost, trip importance, non-central business district (CBD) trips, weather, flexibility and accessibility to PT stations are the most important factors favouring use of the car if PT ceases in the short term. This acts to increase traffic congestion due to the mode shift to car. However, in the long term, removing PT is expected to have an impact on land use, leading to individuals changing their residential and workplace location. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This article presents the concept of transportation demand management (TDM) in the EU transport policy context. Authors present the source of transport intensity problems and also show good practices that effectively reduce the transport demand. To identify the major transportation demand problems that cities are faced with, primary and secondary research was carried out. Primary research shows the social awareness of mobility management. Secondary research consists of a thorough review of the existing literature on transport problems faced by cities. From this view, it is clear that transport in relation to the length of the roads in Poland is one of the highest in Europe. This paper also indicates that the current urban policies are often the main causes of suburbanization. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Transportation research relies heavily on a variety of data. From sensors to surveys, data supports day-to-day operations as well as long-term planning and decision-making. The challenges that arise due to the volume and variety of data that are found in transportation research can be effectively addressed by ontologies. This opportunity has already been recognized – there are a number of existing transportation ontologies, however the relationship between them is unclear. The goal of this work is to provide an overview of the opportunities for ontologies in transportation research and operation, and to present a survey of existing transportation ontologies to serve two purposes: (1) to provide a resource for the transportation research community to aid in understanding (and potentially selecting between) existing transportation ontologies; and (2) to identify future work for the development of transportation ontologies, by identifying areas that may be lacking. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Winter chemical road maintenance has a significant negative influence on the environment. The application of chemical de-icing salts affects the trees growing near the road. Sodium and chlorine ions which are washed out into the environment are absorbed by the ambient vegetation; the increased concentration of these ions has a negative influence on the vegetation health. The determination of sodium and chlorine ions content in assimilative organs of conifers is used as a bioindicator of the impacts of winter chemical maintenance. The presented research paper evaluates the influence of the contamination potential on these ions content in needles of the Norway spruce ( Picea abies ). This species of spruce was chosen because of its abundant occurrence and heightened sensitivity towards salinization. The study was conducted in the north of the Czech Republic in the Liberec Region. To assess the damage potential of the winter chemical road maintenance, samples of the Norway spruce first- and second-year needles were collected and the sodium and chlorine ions concentrations were determined. At the same time, the research assessed the contamination potential of the region and the health condition of the analysed spruce trees. The results of ions concentrations (Na, Cl) were evaluated depending on four factors: the contamination potential, the health of the tree, the distance from the road and the age of the needles. Based on the evaluation of the results, a scale with framework concentration values was designed. This scale can be used for practical assessment of the degree of contamination. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Despite a growing literature on strategies to reduce emissions and other externalities in shipping and ports, very little attention has been given to the port’s role in reducing negative externalities in its hinterland. This paper addresses this gap by reviewing ports across the globe to identify which ports have implemented measures to improve the environmental performance of hinterland transport. Results show that only 76 out of 365 ports examined are doing so. The measures applied are identified, related to different goals and their challenges discussed. The most common measures are found to be technology improvements, infrastructure development and monitoring programmes, and the most advanced ports in green hinterland strategies are Rotterdam, Los Angeles/Long Beach and Hamburg, although many ports that are world leaders in green port strategies have not implemented measures in the hinterland dimension. Different port groups are segmented according to their mix of goals and measures as a foundation for future research. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper seeks to use life cycle assessment to investigate the comparative environmental impacts of two proposed bridge designs for the new Mjøsa Bridge over Lake Mjøsa in Norway. The Norwegian Public Roads Administration has designed one timber and one concrete alternative for the 1650 m 4-lane highway bridge. If the timber bridge design is chosen, it will be the longest timber bridge in the world once constructed. The main motivation for building the timber bridge is to utilize local industry and to reduce environmental impacts in road infrastructure. This study aims to determine the expected emissions from both construction designs by using life cycle assessment. Life cycle assessment studies on smaller timber bridges have been carried out in the past with favorable results towards timber designs, but no bridge of this scale has been built and therefore a more comprehensive study is required to confirm if a timber bridge of this size is a sustainable choice for transport infrastructure. The results of the study show that the timber bridge has significantly lower emissions than the concrete bridge across all impact categories included in the scope of this study. Additional environmental gains can be made from end-of-life treatment of materials. This study shows that large scale timber bridge designs should be considered for future road projects. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

We present a methodology to derive efficient designs for Stated Choice (SC) experiments based on Random Regret Minimisation (RRM) behavioural assumptions. This complements earlier work on the design of efficient SC experiments based on Random Utility Maximisation (RUM) models. Capitalizing on this methodology, and using both analytical derivations and empirical data, we investigate the importance of the analyst’s assumption regarding the underlying decision rule used to generate the efficient experimental design. We find that conventional RUM-efficient designs can be statistically highly inefficient in cases where RRM is the better representation of the actual choice behaviour, and vice versa. Furthermore, we present a methodology to construct efficient designs that are robust towards the uncertainty on the side of the analyst regarding the underlying decision rule. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Intercity transport is the forgotten step child of transportation behavioural research; so many important questions, such as how important are the various attributes of transfer quality in a traveller’s journey, are not often examined. Intermodal and multimodal passenger transport, unlike intermodal freight transport, carry the unique combination of a requirement to transfer between vehicles, in addition to cargo (passengers) with the ability to choose other modes based on a wide variety of factors including difficulty of transfer, availability of automatic baggage transfer and comfort. Our research aims to shed light on the relative importance and interrelations of these transfer attributes by analysing the limited range of European studies that value transfer quality attributes and compare and contrast them with each other. To support this, we collect our own study data which are used to evaluate questions that arose out of the analysis. The few studies that value European intercity transfers vary widely in their valuations, and so taking into context the countries, methodologies, samples, question framing and other metrics specific to each study, we establish links between the valuations and other data not explicitly discussed in those studies to the end of presenting a framework for understanding passenger valuation of intercity transfers. We also suggest some driving factors that may affect one or more of the transfer quality attributes that have not been discussed in the literature, such as perceived trip difficulty and traveller expectations. This work illustrates and investigates the various elements that may affect how passengers perceive the connections required for travel across transport networks and how they make choices based on those perceptions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study uses a unique individual-level dataset that merges Israeli census data with official information on traffic tickets issued over a period of seven years in order to explore the socio-demographic characteristics of drivers who receive traffic tickets. The dataset included 409,051 drivers who received a total of 830,763 traffic tickets. The results indicate that about 60% of drivers received at least one ticket during the study period. However, drivers who received tickets were not distributed evenly in society. Of those with the most tickets, 93% were male, and half were in the youngest group of drivers studied. The effect of socioeconomic status appears to differ across different types of offenses. Implications and suggestions for future research are discussed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The current study aims to examine differences in risk evaluations according to whether individuals have been exposed to adverse security events in transport during the last five years. In addition, a path model is tested where risk evaluations predict intentions to use public transport and use of such transport in these groups. The results are based on a survey conducted in a randomly obtained representative sample of the Norwegian urban public (n = 1043). The results showed that individuals who had been exposed to adverse security events in public transport reported substantially higher risk perception of experiencing security issues in such transport than those who were not exposed. Exposed individuals also reported higher probability judgements and more worry of experiencing injury in public transport. The path model showed that high probability judgements of experiencing injury in public transport were related to a lower intention of using such transport, whereas corresponding worry in the private motorized sector predicted a stronger intention to use public transport. Demand for risk mitigation in the public transport sector was found to be more relevant for intentions to use public transport than similar demands in the private motorized sector. The path model and coefficients were not found to differ significantly according to exposure to security events in public transport. The findings are discussed in relation to the role of negative risk experiences for risk evaluations in transport. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Passively-generated mobile phone data is emerging as a potential data source for transportation research and applications. Despite the large amount of studies based on the mobile phone data, only a few have reported the properties of such data, and documented how they have processed the data. In this paper, we describe two types of common mobile phone data: Call Details Record (CDR) data and sightings data, and propose a data processing framework and the associated algorithms to address two key issues associated with the sightings data: locational uncertainty and oscillation. We show the effectiveness of our proposed methods in addressing these two issues compared to the state of art algorithms in the field. We also demonstrate that without proper processing applied to the data, the statistical regularity of human mobility patterns—a key, significant trait identified for human mobility—is over-estimated. We hope this study will stimulate more studies in examining the properties of such data and developing methods to address them. Though not as glamorous as those directly deriving insights on mobility patterns (such as statistical regularity), understanding properties of such data and developing methods to address them is a fundamental research topic on which important insights are derived on mobility patterns. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Despite the numerous attempts to quantify the benefits of transportation investments, little attention has been given to the variation of marginal economic impacts of the investment due to the interaction with existing transportation networks. This paper analyzes the spatial economic impacts of road and railway accessibility levels on manufacturing output, focusing on substitution and complementarity of the intra- and the inter-modal relationship. By estimating Translog production functions, we find that the improvement in railroad accessibility increases the marginal value added of local manufacturing industries associated with the change in road accessibility. The marginal value added with respect to the change in railroad accessibility increases by the level of railroad accessibility, resulting in increasing returns to scale. However, road accessibility can positively influence the marginal value added only with respect to the railroad variables, holding decreasing returns to scale. This implies that there is not a substitutive but a complementary relationship between the two transportation modes in terms of manufacturing output. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

School trips have distinct characteristics compared with trips for other purposes (e.g., work and recreation). School trips have been extensively studied in North American and western European countries. However, these have not been studied in developing countries, except for a few studies in China and Iran. Therefore, the basic understanding of the school travel in South Asian cities remains unclear. Thus, this study explored the travel decisions of schoolchildren in the Indian context by using primary data collected from Kanpur, a city in India. A multinomial logit framework was used to model the choice decisions of making trips to schools. The results indicated that the absence of a public transit system and the lack of good-quality school bus services resulted in the dependence of schoolchildren on other motorized modes, such as family vehicles and paratransit. Furthermore, lack of infrastructure support negatively influenced the use of active modes of transport. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

It is well known that journey-to-work (JTW) data can be represented using complex network graphs. What is less evident is the way in which this approach can be used to quantitatively analyse the structure, connectivity and dynamics of commuting behaviour. This paper employs a complex network approach to spatially disaggregated JTW data in order to examine commuting behaviour for six different modes of transport (car, car passengers, train, bus, cycling and walking) within three of the most populous metropolitan areas in Australia. A set of network measures ( degree, strength, clustering coefficient , maximum cliques , average shortest path length and betweenness ) are computed from both the unweighted and weighted graphs corresponding to JTW data for the Sydney, Melbourne and the South East Queensland regions from the time periods: 2001, 2006 and 2011. Results reveal a number of interesting dynamics, one being that Melbourne exhibits shorter (and presumed to be faster) alternate commuting paths than either Sydney or South East Queensland given its lower betweenness and shortest path values allied with higher clustering coefficients. The interpretation of these metrics demonstrates that complex networks have the capacity to reveal new insights from JTW data, by enabling a more comprehensive, systematic, empirical and fine-grained analysis of changes in commuting behaviour over time. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The spatial–temporal accessibility of a transport system assesses the spatial–temporal constraints faced by individuals based on their fixed activities and the ability of the transport system to facilitate trading time for space in movement. Previous studies either measured the individual spatial–temporal accessibility of a general transport network or measured the cumulative-opportunity accessibility by public transit through an exclusive computation of the bottom of the full network time prism. By contrast, the current study measures the individual spatial–temporal accessibility by public transit by integrating timetable and passenger departure time and computing the full network time prism. A public transit network is modelled as a time-dependent weighted directed graph, wherein every single directed arc is associated with a time-dependent travel time to represent the linkage between two adjacent stops on a transit route. The time-dependent travel time assigned to arcs is determined according to timetables, which is particularly assigned to infinity when transit service is unavailable between two stops. A modified network potential path area (N-PPA) algorithm based on the time-dependent weighted directed graph is employed to produce a potential path area for the activity participation of an individual by public transit. The proposed methodology is applied as a case study to measure individual spatial–temporal accessibility using the Salt Lake City TRAX system. Results indicate that the outcome of the proposed methodology is sensitive to departure time of passengers. The results of this study provide suggestions on potential improvement of bus/rail line layout and timetables and may aid in trip planning of passengers. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Innovation in the transport industry is expected from the integration of new technologies and the development of new concepts of mobility. The current transport landscape is experiencing radical changes, as witnessed by the emergence of a multitude of new applications, business models and specialisations, as well as by the entry of new players. The purpose of the paper is to provide a large-scale investigation of technological trajectories and new mobility solutions outlined by start-ups and young companies in the global transport industry. The paper employs network analysis to detect productive and innovative activities of firms founded between 2001 and 2016. Our findings highlight that three clusters of interconnected technologies and transport-related solutions are emerging: new cars prototypes and alternative vehicles prompt innovation in autonomous driving; technologies for transport sharing and public transit data analysis stimulate new solutions in urban livability; management systems, platform development and vehicle-optimization technologies bring innovative specializations in the integrated logistics services. Results provide policy-makers, venture capitalists, as well as open innovation teams in large corporations, with quantitative and relevant findings on transport-related innovative solutions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Contracts in the for-hire trucking industry are unusual in that, although they establish prices for different services, there is typically no legally binding obligation or penalty for either party to offer or accept a load. When a load is rejected by all contract carriers, shippers must turn to the spot market, which can significantly increase supply chain costs. Because these transactions occur between private parties, data on load acceptances/rejections and contract/spot prices have not been available to academic researchers, leaving the freight rejection problem largely unexplored. We are able to examine this problem using a detailed transactional data set of a large national shipper. We estimate that spot prices for truckload services average about 62% higher than contract rates. We find key operational and economic factors to be drivers of freight rejection and the shipper-carrier relationship to be a deterrent to freight rejection. We also find that primary and secondary carriers respond differently to these operational and economic factors. We discuss how these insights could be used by a shipper to get better performance and lower cost from their carrier base. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper outlines the role of the transportation sector in the energy system and the resulting challenges it will face in the context of the energy system transition ( Energiewende ). One option for surmounting this is the coupling of energy generation and the transportation sector using power-to-fuel (PTF) technologies. The present paper outlines a fundamental approach, as well as a basis for discussion, to the implementation of this option. The focus is on the potential of non-fossil and non-biological diesel fuels derived from hydrogen that is produced by renewable energy sources and CO 2 and a possible implementation strategy. The physical and chemical properties of synthetic diesel fuels are compared to those of conventional diesel. In addition, the combustion and exhaust gas properties of various alternatives are contrasted, on the basis of which an analysis and evaluation of the potential of alternative diesel fuels is undertaken. This paper thus explores selection, production, and implementation strategies for promising future fuel alternatives for the transport sector. There are already techno-economic calculations – and in some cases pilot plants – for various pathways for synthesizing these fuels. However, in order to achieve a comparative evaluation of the various paths, standardized calculations are necessary. This evaluation creates the basis for an efficient implementation strategy for a future, ideally greenhouse gas-neutral, transportation sector, and thus to achieve the objectives of the Energiewende and Energy Roadmap 2050 set out by the European Commission. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

We study the problem of scheduling passenger trains in a highly congested railway double-track line with the aim of increasing the number of scheduled trains. A feasible timetable of the trains currently scheduled in the network is given. Additional trains should be scheduled to meet the increasing passenger demand. To achieve this goal, we are allowed to increase the dwelling time of some trains at some stations, to let them stop at some additional stations and even to skip a few stops. Thereby, we need to take explicitly into account the deceleration and acceleration times that are needed by the train when it stops at a station. This problem integrates the choice of the train schedule with the choice of the train stops, the latter being usually made in the Line Planning process. To solve this problem, we propose a heuristic algorithm, extended from a previous method to include the new features of the studied application, and show its performance on real-world instances of the Chinese high-speed JingHu corridor (between Beijing and Shanghai) involving up to 387 trains. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Free-floating car-sharing has been one of the latest innovations in the car-sharing market. It allows its customers to locate available vehicles via a smartphone app and reserve them for a short time prior to their rental. Because it is available for point-to-point trips, free-floating car-sharing is not only an alternative to private cars, but also to public transportation. Using spatial regression and conditional logit analysis of original transaction data of a free-floating car-sharing scheme in Switzerland, this research shows that free-floating car-sharing is mainly used for discretionary trips, for which only substantially inferior public transportation alternatives are available. In contrast to station-based car-sharing, it does not rely on high-quality local public transportation access, but bridges gaps in the existing public transportation network. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Personal travel planning (PTP) is generally regarded as an effective approach to voluntary travel behavior change in the domain of transportation research. However, this view has recently been challenged by findings from another research domain, public health research, reporting little or no effect of PTP-based interventions. We argue that these conflicting results regarding the effectiveness of PTP-based measures are due to different understandings of which research designs should be used: Transportation research tends to be based on large-scale quasi-experimental designs whereas public health research tends to favor experimental designs such as randomized control trials (RCTs). Consequently, we argue, the discrepancy may at least partly be resolved by a more nuanced position on what empirical evidence really matters when evaluating if an intervention is effective or not. In the empirical part of the paper, we meta-analytically re-analyze ten quasi-experimental PTP evaluation studies and report an experimental RCT-based study testing the effectiveness of a PTP strategy implemented in a major German city. Including all information in one meta-analytical synthesis yields a standardized effect size estimate of Cohen’s h = 0.12, documenting a small but reliable effect of PTP interventions. When implementing a PTP like one of those analyzed in this paper, in other words, we can expect an average reduction of the car modal split share of about 5 percentage points. We close by discussing the implications of our results for future PTP evaluation studies and the dispute about what kind of empirical evidence really matters when evaluating the effectiveness of PTP measures. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The field of transportation research has been accelerating in the last decade. In this paper, we examine the structure of scientific collaboration in transportation research by building a coauthorship network using publication metadata from 22 transportation journals. In this network, a vertex represents a researcher and an edge represents the collaboration (coauthorship) between a pair of researchers. To build an accurate network, we propose and apply an efficient author name correction algorithm. The obtained network provides us with a tool to understand patterns of collaborations in transportation research. The results show an increasing trend of collaboration over the studied period (1990–2015), but different journals exhibit different patterns. We characterize the structural properties of this network and compute several centrality measures to quantify the performance/impact of researchers and their collaborations in the research community. This study could serve as a tool to qualitatively and quantitatively understand scientific collaborations in transportation research. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The well-known spatiotemporal traffic diagram is a popular and powerful tool in the field of transportation research and practice. It is an important basis of analyzing traffic conditions, identifying bottlenecks, and controlling and routing traffic. Traditionally, the spatiotemporal diagram is constructed by using stationary detector data, and little research has focused on construction using widely existing floating car data (FCD). Therefore, this paper proposes a data-driven method to construct the spatiotemporal diagram by using FCD. The method is completely based on FCD without the aid of map-matching and geographic information system tools. Two real-world road networks in Beijing are taken as examples to demonstrate the method. The method is validated by comparing instantaneous speed contained by individual trajectories with aggregated speed in the spatiotemporal diagrams. The method helps to understand traffic dynamics from FCD, and then aids to carry out various transportation researches and applications. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]