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The potential energy surface of tetrazolyl [cyclic (N4CH)] has a conical intersection seam between the two lowest-energy electronic states near the ground state minimum geometry. This work treats that molecule. The potential energy surfaces used in this study are based on a least-squares fitting procedure that includes ab initio energies, energy gradients, and derivative couplings described using polynomials up to fourth-order and ab initio data obtained from multireference configuration interaction wave functions. A five-electronic-state description was generated with a root mean square absolute energy error of 9.6 cm–1, compared to 326.8 cm–1 when only second-order terms were used. The time-independent multimode vibronic coupling in the KDC approximation was used to simulate and analyze the anion ultraviolet photoelectron spectrum of tetrazolide. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A synchrotron based vacuum ultraviolet absorption spectrum for γ-pyrone has been interpreted in terms of singlet excited electronic states using a variety of coupled cluster, configuration interaction, and density functional calculations. The extremely weak spectral onset at 3.557 eV shows eight vibrational peaks, which following previous analyses, are attributed to a forbidden 1A2 state. A contrasting broad peak with a maximum at 5.381 eV has a relatively high cross-section of 30 Mb; this arises from three overlapping states, where a 1A1 state dominates over progressively weaker 1B2 and 1B1 states. After fitting the second band to a polynomial Gaussian function and plotting the regular residuals over 20 vibrational peaks, we have had limited success in analyzing this fine structure. However, the small separation between these three states clearly shows that their vibrational satellites must overlap. Singlet valence and Rydberg state vibrational profiles were determined by configuration interaction using the CAM-B3LYP density functional. Vibrational analysis using both the Franck–Condon and Herzberg–Teller procedures showed that both procedures contributed to the profiles. Theoretical Rydberg states were evaluated by a highly focused CI procedure. The superposition of the lowest photoelectron spectral band on the vacuum ultraviolet spectrum near 6.4 eV shows that the 3s and 3p Rydberg states based on the 2B2 ionic state are present; those based on the other low-lying ionic state (X2B1) are destroyed by broadening; this is a dramatic extension of the broadening previously witnessed in our studies of halogenobenzenes. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Ultraviolet and vacuum ultraviolet photo-absorption spectra of azido (–N3)-based energetic plasticizer, bis(1,3-diazido-prop-2-yl)-malonate (abbreviated as BDAzPM), in the gas phase is recorded at room temperature and in the photon energy range of 5.5–9.9 eV using a synchrotron radiation source. Complementary computational results obtained using the time-dependent density functional theory document the vertical transition energies and oscillator strengths. Comparison of the simulated spectra with the experimental absorption spectrum of BDAzPM reveals that the early part of the absorption spectrum of BDAzPM is of pure valence excitation character, whereas the later intense part of the absorption spectrum is dominated by mixed Rydberg and valence electronic excitations. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A synchrotron-based vacuum ultraviolet absorption spectrum (VUV) of quadricyclane (QC) is reported with energies up to 10.8 eV. Extensive vibrational structure has been extracted from the broad maxima by fitting short energy ranges of the VUV spectrum to high level polynomial functions and processing the regular residuals. Comparison of these data with our recent high-resolution photoelectron spectral of QC showed that this structure must be attributed to Rydberg states (RS). Several of these appear before the valence states at higher energies. Both types of states have been calculated by configuration interaction, including symmetry-adapted cluster studies (SAC-CI) and time dependent density functional theoretical methods (TDDFT). There is a close correlation between the SAC-CI vertical excitation energies (VEE) and both Becke 3-parameter hybrid functional (B3LYP), especially Coulomb-attenuating method-B3LYP determined ones. The VEE for several low-lying s-, p, d-, and f-RS have been determined by SAC-CI and adiabatic excitation energies by TDDFT methods. Searches for equilibrium structures for 11,3A2 and 11B1 states for QC led to rearrangement to a norbornadiene structure. Determination of the experimental 00 band positions, which show extremely low cross-sections, has been assisted by matching features in the spectra with Franck–Condon (FC) fits. Herzberg–Teller (HT) vibrational profiles for the RS are more intense than the FC ones, but only at high energy, and are attributed to up to ten quanta. The vibrational fine structure of the RS calculated by both FC and HT procedures gives an easy route to generating HT profiles for ionic states, which usually require non-standard procedures. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study explored the mechanism of l‐lysine intervention in wheat gluten protein (WG) gel formation under a microwave (MW) field. The results showed that the MW treatment had higher ζ‐potential values at the same heating rate. After adding l‐lysine, the solution conductivity and dielectric loss were significantly increased. Moreover, the WG gel strength enhanced 4.40% under the MW treatment. The Fourier spectra showed that the α‐helix content was decreased 13.78% with the addition of lysine. The ultraviolet absorption spectra and fluorescence spectra indicated that MW irradiation impacted the interactions between WG molecules more effectively than the water bath heating, promoting the denaturation and unfolding of the protein structure. In addition, scanning electron microscopy analysis showed that the incorporation of lysine promoted an ordered network structure formation of the protein, which enhanced the gel properties. This indicated that the zwitterion of l‐lysine played a regulatory role in the aggregation of proteins in the MW field. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A growing number of supernovae (SNe) are now known to exhibit evidence for significant interaction with a dense, pre-existing, circumstellar medium (CSM). SNe Ibn comprise one such class that can be characterized by both rapidly evolving light curves and persistent narrow He  i lines. The origin of such a dense CSM in these systems remains a pressing question, specifically concerning the progenitor system and mass-loss mechanism. In this paper, we present multiwavelength data of the Type Ibn SN 2020nxt, including HST /STIS ultraviolet spectra. We fit the data with recently updated CMFGEN models designed to handle configurations for SNe Ibn. The UV coverage yields strong constraints on the energetics and, when combined with the CMFGEN models, offer new insight on potential progenitor systems. We find the most successful model is a ≲4 M⊙ helium star that lost its |$\sim 1\, {\rm M}_\odot$| He-rich envelope in the years preceding core collapse. We also consider viable alternatives, such as a He white dwarf merger. Ultimately, we conclude at least some SNe Ibn do not arise from single, massive (>30 M⊙) Wolf–Rayet-like stars. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study provides a comprehensive analysis of the cubic double‐perovskite compound Pb2ScTaO6, exploring its structural stability, electronic, optical, and mechanical properties. The material's response to hydrostatic pressure, using density functional theory with the FP‐LAPW approach, is investigated. The analysis, validated by experimental and theoretical data, reveals Pb2ScTaO6's semiconductor nature with a bandgap of 3.129 eV, which decreases under hydrostatic pressure. Furthermore, the assessment of the material's elastic constants confirms its mechanical stability and the optical properties across ultraviolet and infrared spectra suggest potential applications in optoelectronic devices. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this study, two morphologies of cerium oxide (CeO2) abrasive particles, octahedral and spheroidal, are synthesized by solvothermal method using cerium nitrate hexahydrate (Ce(NO3)3‐6H2O) as raw material. Fourier infrared spectroscopy, X‐ray diffractometer (XRD) and scanning electron microscopy (SEM) are used to characterize the composition and morphology of CeO2 abrasive particles. The synthesized CeO2 is used for chemical mechanical polishing (CMP) of the Si surface of 6H‐SiC wafers, and the surface morphology of the polished wafers are observed using atomic force microscopy (AFM). After polishing with octahedral and spheroidal abrasive particles, the surface roughness of the wafers are 0.327 and 0.287 nm, and the material removal rates (MRR) are 870 and 742 nm h−1, respectively. Calculations comparing the ultraviolet absorption spectra and bandgap energies of the two types of abrasive particles as well as molecular dynamics (MD) simulations reveal that the synthesized octahedral CeO2 particles possessed stronger surface chemical activity and material removal performance. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this demonstrated design, we built a perfect solar absorber, with three appropriate layers of base (tungsten) layer, substrate (aluminum), layer, and gold resonator in a cross-design. The absorption result of the demonstrated cross-design can be identified in three sections by dividing the whole wavelength range (2800 nm) into two sections the first 1400-nm bandwidth range (starting from 0.2 to 1.6 µm), and the second part of 1400 nm (between 1.6 and 3 µm) respectively. With the support of the adding graphene layer by developing the top and middle layer, the absorption percentage can be increased to 91% for the overall range of 0.2 and 3 µm. The developed cross-design absorption rate is above 90% at an overall bandwidth of 2800 nm. For the first half section of the 1400-nm bandwidth (0.2–1.6 µm), the absorption amount is observed more than 90%, and at the rest half of the overall wavelength (1.6–3 µm), the solar radiation is greater than 95%. To highlight the variation in absorption situations, the peak four wavelengths (micrometers) are picked up such as λ1 = 0.33, λ2 = 1.23, λ3 = 2.24, and λ4 = 2.6 respectively. In this developed cross-solar design, the absorber can be explored in the four spectra of ultraviolet (UV) region, violet (V), and near and middle infrared regions (NIR and MIR). The creation of the cross-design in many steps, and it can be also expressed with the AM 1.5 situation. To indicate the absorption value variations for this cross design, various parameter sections of the ground layer parameter, cross design length, and substrate length can be distinguished in four different peak wavelengths. The electric potential value changes and the color distinguished of the electric field progression of the cross-design can be also extinguished. Transverse electric value and magnetic (TE and TM) variations in four different peak wavelengths can be demonstrated by varying degrees from 0 to 50. Finally, the proposed cross-design absorption value can be compared with the other published design in a table with the respective sections of absorption percentage, bandwidth range, angle variation, and polarization sensitivity respectively. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Egg allergy is one of the most common food allergies globally. This study aimed to assess the impact of four traditional cooking methods on the allergenicity of egg proteins using a comprehensive strategy, including simulated gastrointestinal digestion in vitro, serology experiments, a rat basophilic leukemia (RBL)‐2H3 cell degranulation model, and a passive cutaneous anaphylaxis (PCA) mice model, and the structure changes were detected by circular dichroism (CD) spectra and ultraviolet (UV) spectra. The results showed that the processed egg proteins were more readily digested compared to raw egg proteins. The serological experiments revealed a significant reduction in immunoglobulin E binding of egg proteins after thermal treatments (p < 0.05), particularly after frying. Subsequently, the RBL‐2H3 cell degranulation experiment demonstrated a marked decrease in the level of egg allergens‐induced β‐hexosaminidase release after cooking (p < 0.05). Moreover, the results from the PCA mice model indicated that the increase in vascular permeability was effectively relieved in the treated groups, especially in frying group (p < 0.05). Additionally, the α‐helix and β‐turn contents of processed egg proteins were significantly decreased (p < 0.05) compared with native egg proteins. The UV spectra findings showed that all cooking treatments caused significant alterations in the tertiary structure, and fluorescence analysis indicated that cooking decreased the surface hydrophobicity of egg proteins. In conclusion, four traditional cooking methods reduced the allergenicity of egg proteins, particularly frying, and this reduction was associated with structural changes that could contribute to the destruction or masking of epitopes of egg allergens. Practical Application: Egg allergy has a serious impact on public health, and there is no ideal treatment method at present. This study demonstrated that four traditional cooking methods (boiling, steaming, baking, and frying) reduced the allergenicity of egg proteins, especially frying, and the results will provide a basis for the development of hypoallergenic egg products. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Ten novel spectrophotometric approaches were developed for the initial examination of the Hydroxychloroquine and Paracetamol medications. These procedures are straightforward, specific, easy to use, and provide exact and accurate results. The determination was conducted through the utilization of several approaches, including zero order (dual wavelength, zero crossing, advanced absorption subtraction and spectrum subtraction), derivative (first derivative of zero crossing), ratio (ratio difference, ratio derivative) and mathematical (bivariate, simultaneous equation, and Q-absorbance) techniques. After undergoing validation in accordance with ICH criteria, it was established that each of these methods achieved acceptable levels of precision, repeatability, robustness, and accuracy. The advantages and disadvantages of each method are demonstrated, and the proposed and reported methodologies were statistically compared. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A substantial fraction of quasars display broad absorption lines (BALs) in their rest-frame ultraviolet spectra. While the origin of BALs is thought to be related to the accretion disc wind, it remains unclear whether the observed ratio of BAL to non-BAL quasars is a result of orientation. We conducted observations of 48 BAL quasars and the same number of non-BAL quasars at 322 MHz using the Giant Metrewave Radio Telescope. Combined with previous flux measurements ranging from MHz to GHz frequencies, we compared continuum radio spectra between the two quasar groups. These data offer insights into low-frequency radio properties that have been difficult to investigate with previous observations only at GHz frequencies. Our results show that 73 ± 13 per cent of the BAL quasars exhibit steep or peaked spectra, a higher proportion than the 44 ± 14 per cent observed in the non-BAL quasars. In contrast, there are no discernible differences between the two quasar groups in the radio luminosity, peak frequency, and spectral index distributions of sources with steep or peaked spectra and sources with flat or inverted spectra. Generally, as the jet axis and line of sight become closer to parallel, quasars exhibit flat or inverted spectra rather than steep or peaked spectra. Therefore, these results suggest that BAL quasars are more frequently observed farther from the jet axis than non-BAL quasars. However, given that a certain proportion of BAL quasars exhibit flat or inverted spectra, more than the simple orientation scenario is required to elucidate the radio properties of BAL quasars. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

C4F7N is a promising candidate for the replacement of sulfur hexafluoride as an insulating medium, and it is important to understand the chemical changes initiated in the molecule by collision with free electrons, specifically the formation of neutral fragments. The first step of neutral fragmentation is electronic excitation, yet neither the absorption spectrum in the vacuum ultraviolet (VUV) region nor the electron energy loss spectrum have previously been reported. Here, we experimentally probed the excited states by VUV photoabsorption spectroscopy and electron energy loss spectroscopy (EELS). We found that the distribution of states populated upon electron impact with low-energy electrons is significantly different from that following photoabsorption. This difference was confirmed and interpreted with ab initio modeling of both VUV and EELS spectra. We propose here a new computational protocol for the simulation of EELS spectra combining the Born approximation with approximate forms of correlated wave functions, which allows us to calculate the (usually very expensive) scattering cross sections at a cost similar to the calculation of oscillator strengths. Finally, we perform semi-classical non-adiabatic dynamics simulations to investigate the possible neutral fragments of the molecule formed through electron-induced neutral dissociation. We show that the product distribution is highly non-statistical. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Lyman-α (Lyα) is the strongest emission line in the accretion-generated ultraviolet spectra from T Tauri stars and, as such, plays a critical role in regulating chemistry within the surrounding protoplanetary discs. Due to its resonant nature, the scattering of Lyα photons along the line of sight encodes information about the physical properties of the intervening H  i medium. In this work, we present the first spatially resolved spectral images of Lyα emission across a protoplanetary disc in the iconic face-on T Tauri star TW Hya, observed with HST -STIS at spatial offsets 0, ±0.2, and ±0.4 arcsec. To comprehensively interpret these Lyα spectra, we utilize a 3D Monte Carlo Lyα radiative transfer simulation considering the H  i wind and protoplanetary disc. From the simulation, we constrain the wind's properties: the H  i column density |$\sim 10^{20} {\rm \, cm^{-2}}$| and the outflow velocity |$\sim 200 {\rm \, km\, s^{-1}}$|⁠. Our findings indicate that successfully interpreting the observed spectra necessitates scattering contributions in the H  i layer within the disc. Furthermore, to explore the effect of Lyα radiative transfer on protoplanetary disc chemistry, we compute the radiation field within the scattering medium and reveal that the wind reflection causes more Lyα photons to penetrate the disc. Our results show the necessity of spatially resolved Lyα observations of a broad range of targets, which will decode the complex interactions between the winds, protoplanetary discs, and surrounding environments. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In nearly all animals, light‐sensing mediated by opsin visual pigments is important for survival and reproduction. Eyeless light‐sensing systems, though vital for many animals, have received relatively less attention than forms with charismatic or complex eyes. Despite no single light‐sensing organ, the sea anemone Nematostella vectensis has 29 opsin genes and multiple light‐mediated behaviors throughout development and reproduction, suggesting a deceptively complex light‐sensing system. To characterize one aspect of this light‐sensing system, we analyzed larval swimming behavior at high wavelength resolution across the ultraviolet and visual spectrum. N. vectensis larvae respond to light at least from 315 to 650 nm, which is a broad sensitivity range even compared to many animals with complex eyes. Planktonic swimming is induced by ultraviolet (UV) and violet wavelengths until 420 nm. Between 420 and 430 nm a behavioral switch occurs where at wavelengths longer than 430 nm, larvae respond to light by swimming down. Swimming down toward the substrate is distinct from light avoidance, as animals do not exhibit positive or negative phototaxis at any wavelength tested. At wavelengths longer than 575 nm, animals in the water column take increasingly longer to respond and this behavior is more variable until 650 nm where larval response is no different from the dark, suggesting these longer wavelengths lie outside of their sensitivity range. Larval swimming is the only motile stage in the life history of N. vectensis, and increased planktonic swimming could lead to greater dispersal range in potentially damaging shallow environments with short‐wavelength light exposure. Longer wavelength environments may indicate more suitable substrates for metamorphosis into the polyp stage, where the individual will remain for the rest of its life. Future work will test whether this robust behavior is mediated by multiple opsins. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The purpose of this study is to optimize the Green synthesis of AgNPs using various quantities (0.5, 0.75, 1, 1.25, 1.5, 1.75 ml) of Ruta leaf extracts, the biosynthesized AgNPs were characterized using several methods such as UV-Vis spectrum, FTIR spectroscopy, X-ray diffraction (XRD), FESEM, EDX analysis, DLS and zeta potential. The examination of the visible and ultraviolet spectra revealed an absorption peak in the region of 405–420 nm. Through the use of Fourier Transform Infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy, the functional groups that were found in the Ruta plant extract were analyzed in order to locate the components that were accountable for reducing the silver nitrate. Through XRD, which occurs in the form of (111) lattice planes in the face-centered cubic (FCC) structure of metallic silver, the biosynthesized AgNPs were a semispherical shape with a nanoscale size ranging between 30–50 nm and moderately stable at −22.53 mV and −25.88 mV. From the results of the tests, it was found from results that the optimum value for the extract volume is (1.5 ml) to show the optimal properties of silver nanoparticles. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In nearly all animals, light‐sensing mediated by opsin visual pigments is important for survival and reproduction. Eyeless light‐sensing systems, though vital for many animals, have received relatively less attention than forms with charismatic or complex eyes. Despite no single light‐sensing organ, the sea anemone Nematostella vectensis has 29 opsin genes and multiple light‐mediated behaviors throughout development and reproduction, suggesting a deceptively complex light‐sensing system. To characterize one aspect of this light‐sensing system, we analyzed larval swimming behavior at high wavelength resolution across the ultraviolet and visual spectrum. N. vectensis larvae respond to light at least from 315 to 650 nm, which is a broad sensitivity range even compared to many animals with complex eyes. Planktonic swimming is induced by ultraviolet (UV) and violet wavelengths until 420 nm. Between 420 and 430 nm a behavioral switch occurs where at wavelengths longer than 430 nm, larvae respond to light by swimming down. Swimming down toward the substrate is distinct from light avoidance, as animals do not exhibit positive or negative phototaxis at any wavelength tested. At wavelengths longer than 575 nm, animals in the water column take increasingly longer to respond and this behavior is more variable until 650 nm where larval response is no different from the dark, suggesting these longer wavelengths lie outside of their sensitivity range. Larval swimming is the only motile stage in the life history of N. vectensis, and increased planktonic swimming could lead to greater dispersal range in potentially damaging shallow environments with short‐wavelength light exposure. Longer wavelength environments may indicate more suitable substrates for metamorphosis into the polyp stage, where the individual will remain for the rest of its life. Future work will test whether this robust behavior is mediated by multiple opsins. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Optical microcavities are known for their strongly enhanced light–matter interactions. Whispering gallery mode (WGM) microresonators have important applications in nonlinear optics, single-mode output, and biosensing. However, there are few studies on resonance modes in the ultraviolet spectrum because most materials with high absorption properties are in the ultraviolet band. In this study, the performance of a microdisk cavity based on boron nitride (BN) was simulated by using the Finite-difference time-domain (FDTD) method. The WGM characteristics of a single BN microdisk with different sizes were obtained, wherein the resonance modes could be regulated from 270 nm to 350 nm; additionally, a single-mode at 301.5 nm is achieved by cascading multiple BN microdisk cavities. Moreover, we found that a BN microdisk with a diameter of 2 μm has a position-independent precise sensitivity for the nanoparticle of 140 nm. This study provides new ideas for optical microcavities to achieve single-mode management and novel coronavirus size screening, such as SARS-CoV-2, in the ultraviolet region. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper describes the observed position dependent emission spectrum and vacuum ultraviolet (VUV) to clarify the optical structure of argon atmospheric pressure plasma jets (APJs). Visible emission spectra of argon, nitrogen, and OH molecules were measured as a function of position from the nozzle of plasma jet generator to gas flow direction. From the results, we realized that a certain electric field is required for producing high energy excited atoms of argon in the jet from the high voltage electrode in the device to the ground positioned at downstream side. Moreover, VUV was detected along the plasma jet through the downstream direction. Thus, we could picture that the light pattern of plasma jet of which intensity weaken depend to the distance from the nozzle is sustained by the above two factors with the present steady state experiments. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study deals with the preparation of magnetite nanoparticles (NPs) via a coprecipitation method using several precipitation bases: binary precipitator (NH4OH), mono precipitator (NaOH), and weak precipitator (Ca(OH)2). The prepared magnetite NPs were identified using X-ray diffraction (XRD), transmission electron microscopy (TEM), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), energy-dispersive X-ray (EDX) analysis, surface area analysis, magnetic properties, Fourier-transformed infrared spectra (FT-IR), and ultra-violet UV–visible spectra. As a result, the phases of the produced magnetite NPs were unaffected by the use of various bases, but their crystallite sizes were affected. It was found that the binary base provided the smallest crystallite size, the mono base provided an average size, and the weak base provided the largest crystallite size. The UV–visible absorption spectroscopy investigation revealed that the absorption and the energy gap rose with a reduction in nanoparticle size. The prepared magnetite NPs were used to manufacture polymeric-based nanocomposites employed as protective shields from low-energy X-rays that are light in weight. These samples were identified using XRD, atomic force microscopy (AFM), and FT-IR spectroscopy. The crystallite size was slightly larger than it was in the case of magnetite NPs. This is consistent with the results of AFM. The interference between the two phases was observed in the results of the FT-IR spectra. The effects of the size of the magnetite NPs on the attenuation tests, linear attenuation coefficient, mass attenuation coefficient, half-value layer, and mean free path were investigated. The results showed that the efficiency of using manufactured shields increases with the decrease in the NPs size of the magnetite used as a reinforcement phase for a range of low operating voltages. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A stable I – V repeatability memristor based on amorphous InGaZnO (a-IGZO) with a TiO 2 insertion layer was investigated. Two memristive structures composed of Pt/a-IGZO/Pt and Pt/TiO 2 /a-IGZO/Pt were manufactured on SiO 2 /Si substrate by the magnetron sputtering method. The crystallization of IGZO thin films was analyzed by the XRD process under different annealing temperatures, and the results show that the thin films remain in a stable amorphous state. The resistive switching performance of the two structures was tested by the semiconductor parameter analyzer 4200-SCS at room temperature. After 30 cyclic scans, the Pt/a-IGZO/Pt structure shows signs of degeneration in its I – V cyclic characteristics. However, in the Pt/TiO 2 /a-IGZO/Pt structure, the cyclic characteristics of I – V are highly stable (cycles >105 sweeps) with a limiting operating current of 0.01 A. Its rectification ratio is approximately 20 at low operating voltages (±1.0 V), and conductance increases (or decreases) progressively with continuous positive (or negative) voltage scans. Further analysis of the experimental energy band diagram was measured by UV–vis spectra and ultraviolet photoemission spectroscopy (UPS). The results demonstrate that the operational mechanism is the modulation of the barrier at the TiO 2 /a-IGZO interface, which is conducive to the stable I – V cyclic characteristic of Pt/TiO 2 /a-IGZO/Pt memristor. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

By modifying the structure of pyridoxal phosphate, an "on–off" rhodamine fluorescent probe LPDQ with a new structure was synthesized. NMR, IR, and mass spectrometries characterized the structures of the probes. The LPDQ–Zn2+ system had been successfully constructed by the characteristic absorption peaks of the ultraviolet spectrum, and the experiments were carried out to investigate the ion fluorescence selectivity, cell imaging, reversibility, ion concentration, linear range, precision, and accuracy. The LPDQ reached the detection limit of 0.8 × 10−6 mol/l at 1 × 10−5–8.5 × 10−5 mol/l. The content of Zn2+ in the zinc gluconate sample was determined. According to the experimental data, the fluorescent probe LPDQ in this experiment has good performance and can be used to detect Zn2+ in water and oil paintings. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Phosphorene is a remarkable 2D material with huge potential in photonics and optoelectronic. The influence of adsorption of A u , S n and I atoms on the optical performance of phosphorene monolayer by the computational simulation based on density functional theory has been investigated. All of the nanostructures have a direct bandgap (0.32 to 0.79 eV) are semiconducting in nature, allowing the development of wide range of optical semiconductor devices. The findings demonstrate that in pure phosphorene monolayer, absorption peak occurs primarily in the blue region of visible spectrum and in certain portion of ultraviolet region of spectrum. The absorption peaks move towards the red region of the visible light spectrum after the adsorption of A u , S n and I metal atoms on the pristine phosphorene surface. Among them, Sn adsorbed nanostructures exhibit significantly high and stable absorption spread across the entire visible range (400–780 nm). The dielectric functions and refractive index of all nanostructures also computed. Since A u , S n and I adsorbed phosphorene semiconductor nanostructures exhibit enhanced absorption in the broad usable range of visible spectrum make them the ideal choice for photonic and optoelectronic applications. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this work, theoretical investigations were performed for the structural, elastic, optoelectronic, thermodynamic, and thermoelectric characteristics of barium ceroplatinate Ba2CePtO6 double perovskite oxide. The direct band gaps 1.518 eV and 1.385 are calculated with TB-mBJ potential, and PBE-GGA approximation. The findings of elastic constants C11, C12 and C44, ensure the mechanical stability, ductile nature, anisotropic, Debye temperature, and ionic bonding. In visible and ultraviolet spectrums, Ba2CePtO6 exhibits a high absorption coefficient (> 105 cm−1), low optical reflectivity, low electron energy loss and excellent refractive index. Finally, the thermoelectric properties are computed using BoltzTraP code. At room temperature the figure of merit has been reported as 0.84 and 0.998. Therefore, the reported results are likely to serve as an inspiration for the forthcoming experimental and theoretical investigations. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This letter reports a SnS2 and ZnO nanocomposite (NC) prepared by dispersion method. The nanocomposite shows promising characteristics for optoelectronic application. SnS2:ZnO NC shows a wide absorption spectrum covering ultraviolet (UV)-visible-near infrared (NIR) regions. Hence, using the proposed nanocomposite a broadband photodetector with a structure comprising Al/ SnS2:ZnO/PEDOT:PSS/ Indium Tin Oxide (ITO) is fabricated. At a bias voltage of 1 V, the measured responsivity values (A/W) of the proposed device are 140.41, 848.63, and 1094.48 at 350 nm (UV), 750 nm (visible) and 900 nm (NIR), respectively. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Anti-reflective structure can effectively suppress the light reflection on the surface of the object, thereby increasing the absorption of light, it has a wide range of applications in photovoltaics, such as optical sensors and photodetectors. Due to the limitation of low refractive index materials, it is difficult for existing anti-reflective coatings to achieve the expected low reflectance effect. Based on Maxwell's electromagnetic wave theory, this paper uses Finite-Difference Time-Domain (FDTD)-solutions software to research the reflection spectrum of silicon-based pyramidal microstructure in the wavelength range of 200–1400nm, explores the influence of the height (H) and bottom side length (L) of the pyramidal on its reflection spectrum, and studies the changes of its electromagnetic field. On this basis, the absorption performance of the silicon-based pyramidal microstructure is further studied, and it is found that the absorption efficiency of silicon-based pyramidal microstructure for ultraviolet light reaches almost 100%, which provides important significance for its application in optical sensors and photodetectors. Anti-reflective structures are capable of significantly reducing light reflection on object surfaces, thereby minimizing optical losses. This study explores silicon-based pyramidal microstructures that demonstrate superior anti-reflective characteristics, with near-negligible reflection in the ultraviolet spectrum, approaching ideal absorption. The reliability of the absorption formula is confirmed through an analysis of the electric field properties. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Observations of planetary material polluting the atmospheres of white dwarfs are an important probe of the bulk composition of exoplanetary material. Medium- and high-resolution optical and ultraviolet spectroscopy of seven white dwarfs with known circumstellar dust and gas emission are presented. Detections or meaningful upper limits for photospheric absorption lines are measured for: C, O, Na, S, P, Mg, Al, Si, Ca, Ti, Cr, Fe, and Ni. For 16 white dwarfs with known observable gaseous emission discs (and measured photospheric abundances), there is no evidence that their accretion rates differ, on average, from those without detectable gaseous emission. This suggests that, typically, accretion is not enhanced by gas drag. At the effective temperature range of the white dwarfs in this sample (16 000–25 000 K) the abundance ratios of elements are more consistent than absolute abundances when comparing abundances derived from spectroscopic white dwarf parameters versus photometric white dwarf parameters. Crucially, this highlights that the uncertainties on white dwarf parameters do not prevent white dwarfs from being utilized to study planetary composition. The abundances of oxygen and silicon for the three hydrogen-dominated white dwarfs in the sample with both optical and ultraviolet spectra differ by 0.62 dex depending on if they are derived from the optical or ultraviolet spectra. This optical/ultraviolet discrepancy may be related to differences in the atmospheric depth of line formation; further investigations into the white dwarf atmospheric modelling are needed to understand this discrepancy. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Summary: The present study aimed to investigate the impact of TGase cross‐linking on the flavour characteristics, particularly focusing on its ability to reduce bitterness in enzymatically digested Alaska Pollock framework (APF) hydrolysates using Protease A 'Amano' 2SD (A2SD) and Protease A 'Amano' 6SD (A6SD). Electronic tongue results showed that the umami was enhanced, accompanied by a reduction in both bitterness and bitter aftertaste. The contents of glutamic acid (Glu) and nucleotides (AMP, IMP and GMP) exhibited significant differences among all treatment groups (P < 0.05). There was a notable increase in the types and relative concentrations of alcohols, ketones, alkanes and aldehydes in the cross‐linked APF enzymatic hydrolysate. The Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, ultraviolet spectrum and fluorescence spectrum analyses indicate that TGase cross‐linking leads to a reduction in the exposure of hydrophobic amino acid residues. The surface hydrophobicity of HA2SD‐C and HA6SD‐C exhibited a significantly lower level compared with that of HA2SD and HA6SD. The present study presents an effective approach for mitigating the bitter taste of aquatic hydrolysate, thereby positively contributing to the advancement and utilisation of this valuable resource. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Two historic‐period metal artifacts were provided by the New Mexico Historic Sites to Los Alamos National Laboratory for non‐destructive analysis. The artifacts were a crossbow quarrel (or bolthead) and a reliquary pendant recovered from Kuaua Pueblo (also known as the Coronado Historic Site) in Bernalillo, NM. The quarrel is a heavily patinated metal that had been flattened due to compressive forces. The pendant consisted of a metal casing that had previously surrounded two center gemstones on the front and rear face of the pendant. The gemstone in the rear setting had fractured and was displaced from the setting, leaving only a small, loose fragment within the pendant for study. The front gem appeared to be very dark, near‐black in color, and the fragment of the rear gem was a bright red color. The artifacts were analyzed to ascertain their composition and glean insight into their provenance using the following X‐ray techniques: X‐ray computed tomography, confocal micro X‐ray fluorescence, and X‐ray diffraction. Infrared spectroscopy and electron microscopy were used on selected areas. Ultraviolet Raman spectra were collected on the two gems and the pendant. The metal material of the artifacts was found to be primarily composed of copper. The gems in the pendant were composed of manganese (front gem) and calcium (side gem). [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Pulsed laser ablation in liquid (PLAL) has demonstrated the superiority in synthesizing many free-contamination metal oxides as well as nanostructured metals. In the present study, ZnO and Al-doped ZnO colloidal nanoparticles were synthesized by pulsed laser ablation in a water using a Q-switched Nd: YAG laser beam (1064 nm, and pulse with 700 mJ) focused on the surface of the Zn target. According to X-ray diffraction (XRD) results, ZnO NPs and aluminum doped-zinc oxide (AZO) colloidal nanoparticles were found to be of the crystalline hexagonal wurtzite-type. UV–Vis spectrophotometer analysis of the fabricated ZnO NPs and AZO NPs has demonstrated high absorption spectra in the ultra-violet regime, while their band-gap energies were assessed at 3.1 eV and 3.3 eV, respectively. Scanning electron microscope (SEM) images of the formed ZnO NPs revealed high agglomerates of semispherical NPs with an average size of about 48 nm whereas when ZnO NPs doped with Al, their morphology modified to nanorods with dimensions of about (124 nm × 90 nm), indicating the presence of Al in the synthesized ZnO nanoparticles. The I–V characteristics for ZnO NPs/Si and AZO NPs/Si heterojunction structure were evaluated under dark and light conditions. The produced device displayed strong photovoltaic characteristics, indicating that it could be applied to optoelectronics. These findings demonstrate the suitability of Al-doped ZnO produced in water using the laser ablation technique for UV detectors. Therefore, nanosecond laser ablation in liquid is a great way to prepare different nanostructures materials that can be used in a variety of fields and an efficient and flexible way to create nanoparticles with adjustable size, shape, and features. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Here, yellow fluorescent sulphur-doped carbon dots (S-CDs) with high quantum yield (QY) of ~27.9% were synthesised from m-cresol purple by a fast and low-cost one-step hydrothermal method without other reagents. The surface morphology, functional groups and optical properties of S-CDs were characterised by high-resolution transmission electron microscope (HRTEM), X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectrum and ultraviolet visible (UV-vis) absorption. The fluorescence intensity of S-CDs can be specifically and stably quenched by picric acid (PA) through inner filtration effect (IFE). The linearity between fluorescent intensity and PA concentration was used for developing a fluorescent probe with detecting range of 0–259.0 μM and a detection limit as low as 14.6 nM. We developed the method by applying S-CDs to determine PA in lake water with recoveries in the range of 93.0–103.7%, which verified the feasibility of this probe in practical analysis. In addition, due to the low toxicity and good biocompatibility, S-CDs can be applied to biological imaging. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

SO2, NO2 and NO are the main atmospheric pollutants produced by the combustion of fossil fuel. Detecting these gases is of great significance for atmospheric protection and the online concentration detection of pollutants. In this study, the concentration retrieval methods of NO, NO2 and SO2 and their mutual effects were studied in the wavelength range of 192.3–254.4 nm. In this band, NO, NO2 and SO2 have large absorption cross-sections; however, their spectrum superpositions were serious. A novel method was proposed to separate the superposed absorption spectra of NO and SO2 or NO2. The advantage of this method is that it can remove the influence of SO2 and NO2 on NO concentration retrieval. The fast Fourier transform (FFT) amplitude method was used to calculate the concentrations of SO2 and NO2, and the direct absorption spectroscopy method was used to calculate NO concentration. Via these methods, the gas concentrations of SO2, NO2 and NO can be calculated in ternary-gas mixtures. The experimental results show that these methods can effectively remove the mutual interferences between the concentration retrieval of NO, NO2 and SO2. The maximum absolute values of the relative deviations for the concentration retrieval of SO2, NO2 and NO in ternary-gas mixtures are 3.868%, 4.740% and 5.008%, respectively. These methods have high detection precision and good adaptability and are suitable for online flue detection equipment. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The modern trend in sunscreen products is towards the development of UV filters with multi-functional properties, to provide a broad shielding against ultraviolet radiation, antioxidant activity, and the prevention of skin cancer. Additionally, they should also be safe for humans as well as the environment. The benzimidazole heterocycle is a suitable platform for the development of such multifunctional molecules with potential application in cosmetic formulations, due to their ability to act as both UV protectors and reactive pharmacophores. This review presents for the first time the progress in the synthesis and optimization of benzimidazole compounds as UV sunscreen filters. The modifications to the substitution pattern of the lead compound and structure–activity relationships are discussed, as well as the synthetic approaches for the preparation of 2-substituted benzimidazoles. These aggregated data will be useful in future in the development of modern benzimidazole-based sunscreen. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The design and parameters of a compact excilamp with an original sealed-off emitter made of a quartz tube with an outer diameter of 21 mm are described. The characteristics of xenon radiation in the vacuum ultraviolet region of the spectrum have been studied. On the band of the second xenon continuum, which has a maximum at the wavelength λ ≈ 172 nm, at a pulse repetition rate of 96 kHz, a radiation power density of 30 mW/cm2 was obtained. The excilamp was used for excitation of polymethyl methacrylate, in which a photoluminescence band was recorded in the spectral region of 380–480 nm. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The Multiband Ultraviolet Spectrum Imager (MUSI) is an optical remote sensing instrument scheduled to launch on the Fengyun‐4C meteorological satellite in 2024. MUSI is designed to measure the airglow emissions between ∼120 and 160 nm above the East Asia and Pacific region from a geostationary orbit to infer ionospheric parameters. Here we develop a lookup‐table algorithm for retrieving the peak electron density (nmF2) and the Total Electron Content (TEC) from nighttime observations of the OI 135.6 nm emission. The algorithm takes into account the north‐south asymmetry of the equatorial ionization anomaly and the atmospheric variations with solar activity and local time. Analysis of synthetic observations shows that the assumptions made in the algorithm only lead to ∼2%–4% uncertainties in the retrievals under the modeled ionospheric conditions. The algorithm is verified by retrieving nmF2 and TEC from the Global‐Scale Observations of the Limb and Disk (GOLD) mission and comparing with coincided radio measurements. The comparison indicates almost negligible systematic differences (typically less than ∼3%) between the GOLD and the ionosonde nmF2, which are within the error limit of the GOLD retrievals. The accuracy of the GOLD TEC retrievals is shown to be comparable to (or in some sense even better than) that of the measurements from the Global Navigation Satellite System. Several simplified yet robust retrieval methods are also developed, which can be readily implemented for both existing and upcoming missions. Our results promote far ultraviolet (FUV) remote sensing to be a key technology for accurate determination of the ionospheric state. Key Points: We develop a lookup‐table algorithm for ionosphere retrieval with the FUV spectral imager on the Fengyun‐4C geostationary satelliteAssumptions made in the algorithm lead to only ∼2%–4% uncertainties in the nmF2 and Total Electron Content (TEC) retrievals under the modeled ionospheric conditionsThe algorithm is verified by retrieving nmF2 and TEC from the Global‐Scale Observations of the Limb and Disk observations and comparing with external radio measurements [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this investigation, nanostructured films comprising polyvinyl alcohol (PVA)/polyethylene glycol (PEG) blended with indium oxide (In2O3) nanoparticles were fabricated using a casting technique. The study focused on examining the impact of varying the ratios of PVA/PEG blend and In2O3 nanoparticle content on the optical properties of these nanostructures. Optical assessments were conducted across a spectrum ranging from 220 nm to 820 nm. It was observed that an increase in In2O3 nanoparticle concentration resulted in elevated absorbance levels in the PVA/PEG matrix, particularly within the ultraviolet spectrum, while simultaneously causing a decrease in transmittance. This effect was attributed to the interaction between the polymer matrix and the In2O3 nanoparticles, leading to altered electronic and photonic interactions within the material. A notable reduction in the energy band gap was also recorded with increasing In2O3 content, suggesting enhanced electron mobility and photon interaction within the nanostructures. These findings underscore the potential of In2O3-doped PVA/PEG films in optoelectronic applications, particularly in fields requiring controlled optical properties such as photonics and advanced optical systems. The improved optical parameters, specifically in terms of absorbance and band gap manipulation, highlight the versatility of these nanostructures in various optoelectronic applications. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

ZnS nanoparticles (NPs) are prepared by co-precipitation method using ethylene diamine tetra-acetic acid as a stabilizer and capping agent. The structural, morphological and optical properties of as-synthesized NPs are investigated using X-ray diffraction, scanning electron microscope, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, ultraviolet-visible (UV-Vis) absorption, and photoluminescence spectroscopy. The X-ray diffraction pattern exhibits a zinc-blended crystal structure at room temperature. The particle size was found to be in the range of 22.22 nm. The ultraviolet absorption spectrum shows the blue shift in the bandgap due to the quantum confinement effect. The photoluminescence spectrum of ZnS NPs shows a blue visible spectrum. The template of the cyclic voltammetry contour demonstrated a strong rate suggesting that the ZnS nanostructure electrode has a reduced polarization effect. The above studies have provided resplendent efficiency and proven that ZnS NPs can be used as a prominent material for supercapacitor applications. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Absolute values of work functions can be determined in ultraviolet photoemission spectroscopy (UPS) by measuring the minimum kinetic energy of secondary electrons generated by a known photon energy. However, some samples can produce spectra that are difficult to interpret due to additional intensity below the true secondary electron cutoff. Disordered absorbates on elemental metals add small intensity below the onset for the transition metal surfaces studied, which can be attributed to energy losses after photoelectrons are generated. In contrast, spectra from WO3−x films can produce multiple onsets with comparable intensity which do not fit this model. False onsets (in the context of work function measurements) can be minimized by optimizing experimental detection parameters including limiting analyzer acceptance angles and pass energy. True work functions can be identified by examining the onsets as the sample bias is varied. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Using the four hydroxyl reaction points of isorhamnetin to introduce zwitterionic groups, five kinds of acid ionic polymer derivatives were prepared. Their ultraviolet spectrum (UV) and fluorescence spectra (PL) were 332 and 405 nm, respectively, in different solvents. In order to observe the dynamic self-assembly effect of the amphiphilic polymer drugs more directly, it was found that the amphiphilic polymer drugs aggregated together in a circular or elliptical shape under a transmission electron microscope (TEM), and was wrapped with isorhamnetin. In terms of biocompatibility, imaging experiments were performed using HeLa cells at different densities of 200 and 400 to observe the targeting changes. In MTT assay, isorhamnetin poly(carboxybetaine methacrylate)-1 (I) and isorhamnetin poly(carboxybetaine methacrylate)-2 (II) were particularly significant, and their activities in HCT-116 and HeLa were (53.27 ± 1.17, 68.51 ± 4.55), and (55.11 ± 5.87, 67.62 ± 6.28), respectively. Finally, in the cell electron microscope environment, it can be intuitively found that isorhamnetin amphoteric polymer drugs can directly enter both the targeted liposomes of HeLa cells and even enter the nucleus. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this paper, two polymers (P-AMB and P-DMAB) with aggregate induced emission (AIE) effect were synthesized successfully. Compared with the polymer monomer BNEA, P-AMB and P-DMAB not only have stronger AIE effect, but also have excellent water solubility and better light stability. In addition, the two polymers were tested for their response to different anions in aqueous solution, and both showed high selectivity and sensitivity to S2−. The sensing mechanism of S2− was studied by ultraviolet visible spectrum, infrared spectrum and 1H NMR spectrum studies. These two polymer sensors have strong anti-interference ability and wide pH response range (5.0 ~ 10.0) when detecting S2−, and could be used for qualitative and quantitative detection of S2− in 100% aqueous solution. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this work, the structural, electronic, elastic, optical, and magnetic properties for the B1, B2, and B3 phases of Sr0.875Mn0.125O with relaxed structure (RS) and unrelaxed structure (URS) are investigated. The investigations are accomplished by the adoption of first‐principle methods established on spin‐polarized density functional theory, based on the full‐potential linearized augmented plane wave method as implemented in the WIEN2k code, where the electronic exchange‐correlation potential is studied by the Perdew–Burke–Ernzerhof generalized gradient approximation (GGA‐PBEsol) and the revised TB‐mBJ rapprochement. The negative formation energy and elastic constant that are acquired indicate the thermodynamical and mechanical stability of all these structures. The ternary Sr0.875Mn0.125O alloys for all structures show half‐metallic ferromagnetic behavior with a spin polarization of 100 % at the Fermi level, except the B2 phase without unrelaxed structure (URS). The total magnetic moments are 5 µB for all compounds and the interaction is ferromagnetic between Mn─Sr and Mn─O sites. Optical properties such as refractive index and the optical reflectivity for these alloys are computed and discussed. These materials are half‐metallic ferromagnets, and they can be desirable applicants for spintronics implementations and ultraviolet spectra. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Photosynthesis is a key process in plant physiology. Understanding its mechanisms is crucial for optimizing crop yields and for environmental monitoring across a diverse range of plants. In this study, we employed reflectance, transmittance, and absorbance hyperspectral sensors and utilized multivariate statistical techniques to improve the predictive models for chlorophyll a fluorescence (ChlF) parameters in Hibiscus and Geranium model plants. Our objective was to identify spectral bands within hyperspectral data that correlate with ChlF indicators using high-resolution data spanning the electromagnetic spectrum from ultraviolet to shortwave infrared (UV–VIS–NIR–SWIR). Utilizing the hyperspectral vegetation indices (HVIs) tool to align importance projection for wavelength preselection and select the most responsive wavelength by variable importance projection (VIP), we optimized partial least squares regression (PLSR) models to enhance predictive accuracy. Our findings revealed a strong relationship between hyperspectral sensor data and ChlF parameters. Employing principal component analysis, kappa coefficients (k), and accuracy (Acc) evaluations, we achieved values exceeding 86% of the predicted ChlF parameters for both Hibiscus and Geranium plants. Regression models for parameters such as Ψ(EO), ϕ(PO), ϕ(EO), ϕ(DO), δRo, ρRo, Kn, Kp, SFI(abs), PI(abs), and D.F. demonstrated model accuracies close to 0.84 for R2 and approximately 1.96 for RPD. The spectral regions linked with these parameters included blue, green, red, infrared, SWIR1, and SWIR2, emphasizing their relevance for noninvasive evaluations. This research demonstrates the ability of hyperspectral sensors to noninvasively predict chlorophyll a fluorescence (ChlF) parameters, which are essential for assessing photosynthetic efficiency in plants. Notably, hyperspectral absorbance data were more accurate in predicting JIP-test-based chlorophyll a kinetic parameters. In conclusion, this study underscores the potential of hyperspectral sensors for deepening our understanding of plant photosynthesis and monitoring plant health. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

It has been postulated that ultraviolet reflectance is important in mate choice in King Penguins Aptenodytes patagonicus, although not in other penguin species that do not have body parts that reflect UV light. However, this theory has been challenged. Here we aimed to determine the transmission of the ocular media in the large King Penguin as well as the smallest penguin, the Little Penguin Eudyptula minor, and a medium-sized penguin, the Gentoo Penguin Pygoscelis papua, to determine if the penguin eye is capable of seeing ultraviolet light. In all species the cornea absorbed the most damaging rays at 300 nm or below but it was the lens that predominantly determined the transmission of light between 300 and 400 nm. The lenses of a young King Penguin absorbed almost all light less than 370 nm and had 50% transmission at 406 nm, thus ultraviolet perception in the King Penguin is very limited. In contrast, 50% lenticular transmission was 329 nm in the Little Penguin and 367 nm in the Gentoo. Therefore, we suspect that ultraviolet light may be more important in the behaviour of smaller penguins than in the King Penguin, where it is unlikely to play a significant role. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Infrared (IR) radiation is part of an electromagnetic spectrum between the ultraviolet and microwave regions. IR radiation impacts the surface of the food, generating heat that can be used as an efficient drying technique. Apart from drying, IR heating is an emerging food processing technology with applications in baking, roasting, microbial inactivation, insect control, extraction for antioxidant recovery, peeling, and blanching. Physicochemical properties such as texture, color, hardness, total phenols, and antioxidants capability of foods are essential quality attributes that affect the food quality. In this regard, the main objective of this review study was to highlight and discuss the effects of IR heating on food quality to expand its food applications and commercial adoption. The fundamental mechanisms, type of emitters, and IR processing parameters are discussed in this review to explore their impacts on food quality. Infrared heating has been shown that the appropriate operating conditions (distance, exposure time, IR power, and temperature) with high heat transfer, thus leading to a shorter drying time. Besides, IR heating used in food processing to improve food-surface color and flavor, it also enhances hardness, firmness, shrinkage, crispiness, and viscosity. Meanwhile, antioxidant activity is enhanced, and some nutrients are retained. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Production of drinking water using interfacial solar steam generation (ISSG) is an efficient and sustainable technology that addresses environmental impacts and high costs associated with industrial desalination methods. In this work, a photoabsorber was fabricated for ISSG of seawater and wastewater treatment using manganese dioxide nanoparticles (MnO2 NPs) deposited on a pine cone (PC), which was named as K-PC. K-PC transports seawater or wastewater through numerous aligned microchannels to its hot surface, where the MnO2 NPs absorb a broad range of the solar spectrum in the ultraviolet to near-infrared wavelength region and convert it to heat. Under 1 sun (1 kW m–2), K-PC achieved an evaporation flux of 1.61 kg m−2 h−1 and 100% conversion efficiency. Additionally, K-PC reduced the concentration of Na+, K+, Mg2+, and Ca2+ ions in seawater and paper industry wastewater. K-PC demonstrated superior stability for ISSG during 10 evaporation–condensation cycles. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]