1. Quantum speedup for graph sparsification, cut approximation, and Laplacian solving
- Author
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Simon Apers, Ronald de Wolf, Apers, Simon, Centrum Wiskunde & Informatica (CWI), Cryptologie symétrique, cryptologie fondée sur les codes et information quantique (COSMIQ), Inria de Paris, Institut National de Recherche en Informatique et en Automatique (Inria)-Institut National de Recherche en Informatique et en Automatique (Inria), Centrum voor Wiskunde en Informatica (CWI), Centrum Wiskunde & Informatica (CWI)-Netherlands Organisation for Scientific Research, Simon Apers - Supported by the CWI-Inria International Lab.Ronald de Wolf - Partially supported by the Dutch Research Council (NWO) through Gravitation-grant Quantum Software Consortium - 024.003.037, and through QuantERA projectQuantAlgo 680-91-034., ILLC (FNWI), Quantum Matter and Quantum Information, and Logic and Computation (ILLC, FNWI/FGw)
- Subjects
FOS: Computer and information sciences ,Speedup ,General Computer Science ,General Mathematics ,[INFO.INFO-DS]Computer Science [cs]/Data Structures and Algorithms [cs.DS] ,FOS: Physical sciences ,[INFO.INFO-DS] Computer Science [cs]/Data Structures and Algorithms [cs.DS] ,0102 computer and information sciences ,Computational Complexity (cs.CC) ,Computer Science::Computational Complexity ,01 natural sciences ,Combinatorics ,[PHYS.QPHY]Physics [physics]/Quantum Physics [quant-ph] ,Computer Science::Discrete Mathematics ,TheoryofComputation_ANALYSISOFALGORITHMSANDPROBLEMCOMPLEXITY ,0103 physical sciences ,Computer Science - Data Structures and Algorithms ,Data Structures and Algorithms (cs.DS) ,010306 general physics ,Computer Science::Data Structures and Algorithms ,[PHYS.QPHY] Physics [physics]/Quantum Physics [quant-ph] ,Mathematics ,Quantum computer ,Quantum Physics ,Quantum algorithms ,Spanner ,Approximation algorithm ,Graph theory ,Quantum computing ,Computer Science::Numerical Analysis ,Computer Science - Computational Complexity ,010201 computation theory & mathematics ,Graph (abstract data type) ,Quantum algorithm ,Laplacian matrix ,Quantum Physics (quant-ph) ,MathematicsofComputing_DISCRETEMATHEMATICS - Abstract
Graph sparsification underlies a large number of algorithms, ranging from approximation algorithms for cut problems to solvers for linear systems in the graph Laplacian. In its strongest form, "spectral sparsification" reduces the number of edges to near-linear in the number of nodes, while approximately preserving the cut and spectral structure of the graph. In this work we demonstrate a polynomial quantum speedup for spectral sparsification and many of its applications. In particular, we give a quantum algorithm that, given a weighted graph with $n$ nodes and $m$ edges, outputs a classical description of an $\epsilon$-spectral sparsifier in sublinear time $\tilde{O}(\sqrt{mn}/\epsilon)$. This contrasts with the optimal classical complexity $\tilde{O}(m)$. We also prove that our quantum algorithm is optimal up to polylog-factors. The algorithm builds on a string of existing results on sparsification, graph spanners, quantum algorithms for shortest paths, and efficient constructions for $k$-wise independent random strings. Our algorithm implies a quantum speedup for solving Laplacian systems and for approximating a range of cut problems such as min cut and sparsest cut., Comment: v2: several small improvements to the text. An extended abstract will appear in FOCS'20; v3: corrected a minor mistake in Appendix A; v4: final version as published in SICOMP
- Published
- 2022