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1. The Future of Complementarity: Disentangling Causes from Consequences

Author: Forest Isbell, Bernhard Schmid, Alexandra J. Wright, Alexandru Milcu, Christian Wirth, Alexandra Weigelt, Jasper van Ruijven, Gerlinde B. De Deyn, Christiane Roscher, Yongfei Bai, Kathryn E. Barry, Liesje Mommer, Hans de Kroon, John Connolly, Michael Scherer-Lorenzen, Department of Systematic Botany and Functional Biodiversity, Universität Leipzig [Leipzig], State Key Laboratory of Vegetation and Environmental Change, Institute of Botany [Beijing] (IB-CAS), Chinese Academy of Sciences [Beijing] (CAS)-Chinese Academy of Sciences [Beijing] (CAS), University College Dublin [Dublin] (UCD), Wageningen University and Research Centre [Wageningen] (WUR), Department of Ecology, Evolution, and Behavior, University of Minnesota [Twin Cities], University of Minnesota System-University of Minnesota System, Centre d’Ecologie Fonctionnelle et Evolutive (CEFE), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD [France-Sud])-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-École pratique des hautes études (EPHE)-Université de Montpellier (UM)-Institut national d’études supérieures agronomiques de Montpellier (Montpellier SupAgro)-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Centre international d'études supérieures en sciences agronomiques (Montpellier SupAgro)-Université Paul-Valéry - Montpellier 3 (UM3), Écotron Européen de Montpellier - UPS 3248, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Faculty of Biology/Geobotany, Albert Ludwigs University, Institute of Evolutionary Biology and Environmental Studies, Zurich University, Special Botany and Functional Biodiversity, Wageningen University and Research [Wageningen] (WUR), University of Minnesota [Twin Cities] (UMN), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Montpellier (UM)-École pratique des hautes études (EPHE), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Centre international d'études supérieures en sciences agronomiques (Montpellier SupAgro)-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Université Paul-Valéry - Montpellier 3 (UPVM)-Institut national d’études supérieures agronomiques de Montpellier (Montpellier SupAgro), Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (Institut Agro)-Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (Institut Agro)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD [France-Sud]), Écotron Européen de Montpellier, University of Freiburg [Freiburg], University of Zurich, and Barry, Kathryn E
Subjects: 0106 biological sciences, Biotic feedbacks, Evolution, Biodiversity, Plant Ecology and Nature Conservation, Complementarity, 010603 evolutionary biology, 01 natural sciences, Feedback, Behavior and Systematics, Stress amelioration, Economics, Ecosystem, Biomass, Abiotic facilitation, 910 Geography & travel, Resource tracers, Resource partitioning, Bodembiologie, ComputingMilieux_MISCELLANEOUS, Ecology, Evolution, Behavior and Systematics, Abiotic component, Plant–soil feedback, Ecology, Plant Ecology, Soil Biology, Complementarity effect, 15. Life on land, PE&RC, Complementarity (physics), 10122 Institute of Geography, 1105 Ecology, Evolution, Behavior and Systematics, [SDE]Environmental Sciences, Ecosystem functioning, Plant-soil feedback, Facilitation, Plantenecologie en Natuurbeheer, [SDE.BE]Environmental Sciences/Biodiversity and Ecology, Monoculture, 010606 plant biology & botany
Abstract: Evidence suggests that biodiversity supports ecosystem functioning. Yet, the mechanisms driving this relationship remain unclear. Complementarity is one common explanation for these positive biodiversity-ecosystem functioning relationships. Yet, complementarity is often indirectly quantified as overperformance in mixture relative to monoculture (e.g., 'complementarity effect'). This overperformance is then attributed to the intuitive idea of complementarity or, more specifically, to species resource partitioning. Locally, however, several unassociated causes may drive this overperformance. Here, we differentiate complementarity into three types of species differences that may cause enhanced ecosystem functioning in more diverse ecosystems: (i) resource partitioning, (ii) abiotic facilitation, and (iii) biotic feedbacks. We argue that disentangling these three causes is crucial for predicting the response of ecosystems to future biodiversity loss.
Published: 2019
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2. The resilience of perennial grasses under two climate scenarios is correlated with carbohydrate metabolism in meristems

Author: Catherine Picon-Cochard, Annette Morvan-Bertrand, Marine Zwicke, Damien Landais, Marie-Lise Benot, Florence Volaire, Angela Augusti, Marie-Pascale Prud'homme, Jacques Roy, Centre d’Ecologie Fonctionnelle et Evolutive (CEFE), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD [France-Sud])-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-École pratique des hautes études (EPHE)-Université de Montpellier (UM)-Institut national d’études supérieures agronomiques de Montpellier (Montpellier SupAgro)-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Centre international d'études supérieures en sciences agronomiques (Montpellier SupAgro)-Université Paul-Valéry - Montpellier 3 (UM3), Ecophysiologie Végétale, Agronomie et Nutritions (EVA), Université de Caen Normandie (UNICAEN), Normandie Université (NU)-Normandie Université (NU)-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA), Biodiversité, Gènes et Communautés, Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA), Unité Mixte de Recherche sur l'Ecosystème Prairial - UMR (UREP), Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-VetAgro Sup - Institut national d'enseignement supérieur et de recherche en alimentation, santé animale, sciences agronomiques et de l'environnement (VAS), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Université Paul-Valéry - Montpellier 3 (UM3)-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Centre international d'études supérieures en sciences agronomiques (Montpellier SupAgro)-École pratique des hautes études (EPHE), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université de Montpellier (UM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD [France-Sud])-Institut national d’études supérieures agronomiques de Montpellier (Montpellier SupAgro), Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (Institut Agro)-Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (Institut Agro), Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Université de Caen Normandie (UNICAEN), Normandie Université (NU)-Normandie Université (NU), Université Paul-Valéry - Montpellier 3 (UPVM)-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Centre international d'études supérieures en sciences agronomiques (Montpellier SupAgro)-École pratique des hautes études (EPHE), Université Paul-Valéry - Montpellier 3 (UPVM)-École Pratique des Hautes Études (EPHE), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université de Montpellier (UM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD [France-Sud])-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE)-Institut Agro - Montpellier SupAgro, Ecophysiologie Végétale, Agronomie et Nutritions NCS (EVA), Normandie Université (NU)-Normandie Université (NU)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE), Biodiversité, Gènes & Communautés (BioGeCo), Université de Bordeaux (UB)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE), VetAgro Sup - Institut national d'enseignement supérieur et de recherche en alimentation, santé animale, sciences agronomiques et de l'environnement (VAS)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE), CNR Institute of Ecosystem Study (ISE), National Research Council of Italy | Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche (CNR), Écotron Européen de Montpellier, Université Paul-Valéry - Montpellier 3 (UPVM)-Centre international d'études supérieures en sciences agronomiques (Montpellier SupAgro)-École pratique des hautes études (EPHE), Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (Institut Agro)-Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (Institut Agro)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE), Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Université de Bordeaux (UB), Université de Montpellier (UM)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD [France-Sud])-Université Paul-Valéry - Montpellier 3 (UPVM)-École pratique des hautes études (EPHE), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Centre international d'études supérieures en sciences agronomiques (Montpellier SupAgro)-Institut national d’études supérieures agronomiques de Montpellier (Montpellier SupAgro), Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (Institut Agro)-Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (Institut Agro)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE), Equipe Alimentation, Squelette et Métabolismes (INRA UMR1019 - UCA), Unité de Nutrition Humaine - Clermont Auvergne (UNH), Université Clermont Auvergne (UCA)-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Université Clermont Auvergne (UCA)-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA), and Écotron Européen de Montpellier - UPS 3248
Subjects: 0106 biological sciences, Sucrose, 010504 meteorology & atmospheric sciences, Perennial plant, Physiology, Climate, Climate Change, [SDV]Life Sciences [q-bio], Holcus, Meristem, Plant Science, 01 natural sciences, Fructan, Species Specificity, Ecosystem, Extreme Weather, Dactylis, Relative species abundance, ComputingMilieux_MISCELLANEOUS, 0105 earth and related environmental sciences, Holcus lanatus, 2. Zero hunger, [SDV.EE]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Ecology, environment, biology, Resilience, food and beverages, Plant community, 15. Life on land, biology.organism_classification, Research Papers, Fructans, Plant Leaves, Dactylis glomerata, Agronomy, 13. Climate action, Plant—Environment Interactions, Carbohydrate Metabolism, Extreme climatic event, Elevated CO2, 010606 plant biology & botany
Abstract: Extreme climatic events (ECEs) such as droughts and heat waves affect ecosystem functioning and species turnover. This study investigated the effect of elevated CO2 on species’ resilience to ECEs. Monoliths of intact soil and their plant communities from an upland grassland were exposed to 2050 climate scenarios with or without an ECE under ambient (390 ppm) or elevated (520 ppm) CO2. Ecophysiological traits of two perennial grasses (Dactylis glomerata and Holcus lanatus) were measured before, during, and after ECE. At similar soil water content, leaf elongation was greater under elevated CO2 for both species. The resilience of D. glomerata increased under enhanced CO2 (+60%) whereas H. lanatus mostly died during ECE. D. glomerata accumulated 30% more fructans, which were more highly polymerized, and 4-fold less sucrose than H. lanatus. The fructan concentration in leaf meristems was significantly increased under elevated CO2. Their relative abundance changed during the ECE, resulting in a more polymerized assemblage in H. lanatus and a more depolymerized assemblage in D. glomerata. The ratio of low degree of polymerization fructans to sucrose in leaf meristems was the best predictor of resilience across species. This study underlines the role of carbohydrate metabolism and the species-dependent effect of elevated CO2 on the resilience of grasses to ECE., The contrasting resilience of two perennial grasses under future climate scenarios was associated with carbohydrate metabolism, such as fructan polymerization in leaf meristems, that could contribute to plant dehydration tolerance.
Published: 2020
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3. Night and day – Circadian regulation of night-time dark respiration and light-enhanced dark respiration in plant leaves and canopies

Author: Jorge del Castillo, Jordi Voltas, Josu G. Alday, Clément Piel, Lucía Galiano, Arthur Gessler, Matthias Haeni, Damien Landais, Mark G. Tjoelker, Sébastien Devidal, Paula Martín-Gómez, David T. Tissue, Alexandru Milcu, Juan Pedro Ferrio, Jacques Roy, Serajis Salekin, Karin Pirhofer-Walzl, Michael Bahn, Zachary Kayler, Olivier Ravel, Víctor Resco de Dios, Günter Hoch, Marcus Schaub, Sonia García-Muñoz, Leibniz-Zentrum für Agrarlandschaftsforschung = Leibniz Centre for Agricultural Landscape Research (ZALF), Écotron Européen de Montpellier, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Institute of Ecology, Technische Universität Berlin (TU), Centre d’Ecologie Fonctionnelle et Evolutive (CEFE), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Montpellier (UM)-École pratique des hautes études (EPHE), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Centre international d'études supérieures en sciences agronomiques (Montpellier SupAgro)-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Université Paul-Valéry - Montpellier 3 (UPVM)-Institut national d’études supérieures agronomiques de Montpellier (Montpellier SupAgro), Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (Institut Agro)-Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (Institut Agro)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD [France-Sud]), Swiss Federal Institute for Forest, Snow and Landscape Research WSL, Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology [Zurich], Universität Zürich [Zürich] = University of Zurich (UZH), Western Sydney University, Department of Crop and Forest Sciences, School of Agrifood and Forestry Science and Engineering (ETSEA), University of Lleida-Agrotecnio Center (UdL-Agrotecnio), University of Basel (Unibas), Écotron Européen de Montpellier - UPS 3248, Technische Universität Berlin (TUB), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD [France-Sud])-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-École pratique des hautes études (EPHE)-Université de Montpellier (UM)-Institut national d’études supérieures agronomiques de Montpellier (Montpellier SupAgro)-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Centre international d'études supérieures en sciences agronomiques (Montpellier SupAgro)-Université Paul-Valéry - Montpellier 3 (UM3), Swiss Federal Institute for Forest, Snow and Avalanche Research WSL, University of Zürich [Zürich] (UZH), and Western Sydney University (UWS)
Subjects: 0106 biological sciences, 0301 basic medicine, Canopy, Constant light, [SDE.MCG]Environmental Sciences/Global Changes, Circadian clock, Plant Science, Constant darkness, Biology, 01 natural sciences, Scaling, 03 medical and health sciences, Circadian regulation, Botany, Respiration, Circadian rhythm, ComputingMilieux_MISCELLANEOUS, Ecology, Evolution, Behavior and Systematics, 2. Zero hunger, food and beverages, 15. Life on land, 030104 developmental biology, [SDE.BE]Environmental Sciences/Biodiversity and Ecology, Ecosystem respiration, Non-structural carbon compounds (NSC), Agronomy and Crop Science, 010606 plant biology & botany
Abstract: The potential of the vegetation to sequester C is determined by the balance between assimilation and respiration. Respiration is under environmental and substrate-driven control, but the circadian clock might also contribute. To assess circadian control on night-time dark respiration (RD) and on light enhanced dark respiration (LEDR) - the latter providing information on the metabolic reorganization in the leaf during light-dark transitions - we performed experiments in macrocosms hosting canopies of bean and cotton. Under constant darkness (plus constant air temperature and air humidity), we tested whether circadian regulation of RD scaled from leaf to canopy respiration. Under constant light (plus constant air temperature and air humidity), we assessed the potential for leaf-level circadian regulation of LEDR. There was a clear circadian oscillation of leaf-level RD in both species and circadian patterns scaled to the canopy. LEDR was under circadian control in cotton, but not in bean indicating species-specific controls. The circadian rhythm of LEDR in cotton might indicate variable suppression of the normal cyclic function of the tricarboxylic-acid-cycle in the light. Since circadian regulation is assumed to act as an adaptive memory to adjust plant metabolism based on environmental conditions from previous days, circadian control of RD may help to explain temporal variability of ecosystem respiration. This study benefited from the CNRS human and technical resources allocated to the ECOTRONS Research Infrastructures as well as from the state allocation ‘Investissement d'Avenir’ AnaEE-France ANR-11-INBS-0001, ExpeER Transnational Access program, Ramón y Cajal fellowships (RYC-2012-10970 to VRD and RYC-2008-02050 to JPF), the Erasmus Mundus Master Course MEDfOR, internal grants from UWS-HIE to VRD and ZALF to AG and Juan de la Cierva-fellowships (IJCI-2014-21393 to JGA). We remain indebted to E. Gerardeau, D. Dessauw, J. Jean, P. Prudent (Aïda CIRAD), J.-J. Drevon, C. Pernot (Eco&Sol INRA), B. Buatois, A. Rocheteau (CEFE CNRS), A. Pra, A. Mokhtar and the full Ecotron team, in particular C. Escape, for outstanding technical assistance.
Published: 2017
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4. Understanding ecosystems of the future will require more than realistic climate change experiments - A response to Korell et al

Author: Rien Aerts, Alan K. Knapp, Klaus Steenberg Larsen, Michael Bahn, Melinda D. Smith, Ivan Nijs, Karel Klem, José M. Grünzweig, Juliette M. G. Bloor, Vigdis Vandvik, Thomas Wohlgemuth, Alexandru Milcu, Petr Holub, Hans J. De Boeck, György Kröel-Dulay, Aud H. Halbritter, Bjarni D. Sigurdsson, Bridget A. Emmett, Marc Estiarte, Juergen Kreyling, Marcelo Sternberg, Jacques Roy, Claus Beier, Anke Jentsch, University of Antwerp, Unité Mixte de Recherche sur l'Ecosystème Prairial - UMR (UREP), Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-VetAgro Sup - Institut national d'enseignement supérieur et de recherche en alimentation, santé animale, sciences agronomiques et de l'environnement (VAS), Vrije Universiteit, University of Innsbruck, University of Copenhagen (KU), Ctr Ecol & Hydrol, Global Ecology Unit (CREAF-CSIC-UAB), Hebrew University of Jerusalem, University of Bergen (UIB), Czech Academy of Sciences [Prague] (ASCR), University of Bayreuth, Ernst Benary Samenzucht GmbH, Ecotron Européen de Montpellier, Écotron Européen de Montpellier - UPS 3248, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Agricultural University of Iceland, Colorado State Univ., Tel Aviv University [Tel Aviv], Swiss Federal Institute for Forest Snow and Landscape Research (WSL), Colorado State University [Fort Collins] (CSU), Systems Ecology, Amsterdam Sustainability Institute, University of Antwerp (UA), VetAgro Sup - Institut national d'enseignement supérieur et de recherche en alimentation, santé animale, sciences agronomiques et de l'environnement (VAS)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE), Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam [Amsterdam] (VU), University of Copenhagen = Københavns Universitet (KU), University of Bergen (UiB), Czech Academy of Sciences [Prague] (CAS), Écotron Européen de Montpellier, and Swiss Federal Institute for Forest, Snow and Landscape Research WSL
Subjects: 0106 biological sciences, Global and Planetary Change, History, 010504 meteorology & atmospheric sciences, Ecology, [SDE.MCG]Environmental Sciences/Global Changes, Climate change, Environmental ethics, 010603 evolutionary biology, 01 natural sciences, Ecology and Environment, Chemistry, 13. Climate action, Environmental Chemistry, Ecosystem, Biology, 0105 earth and related environmental sciences, General Environmental Science
Abstract: This article is a response to Korell et al., 26, 325–327; See also the Commentary on this article by Muller et al., 26, e4–e5; See also the response to this Letter to the Editor by Korell et al., 26, 328–329.
Published: 2020
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5. Effects of leaf length and development stage on the triple oxygen isotope signature of grass leaf water and phytoliths: insights for a proxy of continental atmospheric humidity

Author: Frédéric Prié, Amaelle Landais, Clément Piel, Anne Alexandre, Christine Vallet-Coulomb, Elizabeth A. Webb, Martine Couapel, Monique Pierre, Jacques Roy, Sébastien Devidal, Clément Outrequin, Corinne Sonzogni, Jean-Charles Mazur, Alexandre , Anne, Centre européen de recherche et d'enseignement des géosciences de l'environnement (CEREGE), Aix Marseille Université (AMU)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Collège de France (CdF (institution))-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA), University of Western Ontario (UWO), Laboratoire des Sciences du Climat et de l'Environnement [Gif-sur-Yvette] (LSCE), Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ), Glaces et Continents, Climats et Isotopes Stables (GLACCIOS), Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ), Écotron Européen de Montpellier, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Aix Marseille Université (AMU)-Collège de France (CdF (institution))-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), ANR-17-CE01-0002,HUMI-17,Dynamique passée de l'humidité atmosphérique continentale et de la végétation: apports de la triple composition isotopique de l'oxygène(2017), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Collège de France (CdF)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Aix Marseille Université (AMU)-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA), Université Paris-Saclay-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), and Écotron Européen de Montpellier - UPS 3248
Subjects: Stomatal conductance, 010504 meteorology & atmospheric sciences, δ18O, STOMATAL CONDUCTANCE, HYDROGEN ISOTOPES, lcsh:Life, [SDU.STU]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Earth Sciences, Biogenic silica, 010502 geochemistry & geophysics, 01 natural sciences, Isotopes of oxygen, CARBON, lcsh:QH540-549.5, Relative humidity, DELTA-O-18, Ecology, Evolution, Behavior and Systematics, laser-extraction technique, stomatal conductance, silica deposition, hydrogen isotopes, biogenic silica, plant-water, delta-o-18, fractionation, bodies, carbon, 0105 earth and related environmental sciences, Earth-Surface Processes, FRACTIONATION, lcsh:QE1-996.5, Humidity, 15. Life on land, lcsh:Geology, lcsh:QH501-531, Agronomy, 13. Climate action, Phytolith, SILICA DEPOSITION, LASER-EXTRACTION TECHNIQUE, Kinetic fractionation, Environmental science, PLANT-WATER, BODIES, lcsh:Ecology, BIOGENIC SILICA
Abstract: Continental relative humidity (RH) is a key climate parameter, but there is a lack of quantitative RH proxies suitable for climate model–data comparisons. Recently, a combination of climate chamber and natural transect calibrations have laid the groundwork for examining the robustness of the triple oxygen isotope composition (δ′18O and 17O-excess) of phytoliths, that can preserve in sediments, as a new proxy for past changes in RH. However, it was recommended that besides RH, additional factors that may impact δ′18O and 17O-excess of plant water and phytoliths be examined. Here, the effects of grass leaf length, leaf development stage and day–night alternations are addressed from growth chamber experiments. The triple oxygen isotope compositions of leaf water and phytoliths of the grass species F. arundinacea are analysed. Evolution of the leaf water δ′18O and 17O-excess along the leaf length can be modelled using a string-of-lakes approach to which an unevaporated–evaporated mixing equation must be added. We show that for phytoliths to record this evolution, a kinetic fractionation between leaf water and silica, increasing from the base to the apex, must be assumed. Despite the isotope heterogeneity of leaf water along the leaf length, the bulk leaf phytolith δ′18O and 17O-excess values can be estimated from the Craig and Gordon model and a mean leaf water–phytolith fractionation exponent (λPhyto-LW) of 0.521. In addition to not being leaf length dependent, δ′18O and 17O-excess of grass phytoliths are expected to be impacted only very slightly by the stem vs. leaf biomass ratio. Our experiment additionally shows that because a lot of silica polymerises in grasses when the leaf reaches senescence (58 % of leaf phytoliths in mass), RH prevailing during the start of senescence should be considered in addition to RH prevailing during leaf growth when interpreting the 17O-excess of grass bulk phytoliths. Although under the study conditions 17O-excessPhyto do not vary significantly from constant day to day–night conditions, additional monitoring at low RH conditions should be done before drawing any generalisable conclusions. Overall, this study strengthens the reliability of the 17O-excess of phytoliths to be used as a proxy of RH. If future studies show that the mean value of 0.521 used for the grass leaf water–phytolith fractionation exponent λPhyto-LW is not climate dependent, then grassland leaf water 17O-excess obtained from grassland phytolith 17O-excess would inform on isotope signals of several soil–plant-atmosphere processes.
Published: 2019
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6. With or without trees: Resistance and resilience of soil microbial communities to drought and heat stress in a Mediterranean agroforestry system

Author: Jacques Roy, Esther Guillot, Philippe Hinsinger, Isabelle Bertrand, Lydie Dufour, Ecologie fonctionnelle et biogéochimie des sols et des agro-écosystèmes (UMR Eco&Sols), Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Centre de Coopération Internationale en Recherche Agronomique pour le Développement (Cirad)-Centre international d'études supérieures en sciences agronomiques (Montpellier SupAgro)-Institut national d’études supérieures agronomiques de Montpellier (Montpellier SupAgro), Fonctionnement et conduite des systèmes de culture tropicaux et méditerranéens (UMR SYSTEM), Centre de Coopération Internationale en Recherche Agronomique pour le Développement (Cirad)-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Centre International de Hautes Etudes Agronomiques Méditerranéennes - Institut Agronomique Méditerranéen de Montpellier (CIHEAM-IAMM), Centre International de Hautes Études Agronomiques Méditerranéennes (CIHEAM)-Centre International de Hautes Études Agronomiques Méditerranéennes (CIHEAM)-Centre international d'études supérieures en sciences agronomiques (Montpellier SupAgro)-Institut national d’études supérieures agronomiques de Montpellier (Montpellier SupAgro), Écotron Européen de Montpellier - UPS 3248, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Centre de Coopération Internationale en Recherche Agronomique pour le Développement (Cirad)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Centre international d'études supérieures en sciences agronomiques (Montpellier SupAgro)-Institut national d’études supérieures agronomiques de Montpellier (Montpellier SupAgro), Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (Institut Agro)-Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (Institut Agro), Centre de Coopération Internationale en Recherche Agronomique pour le Développement (Cirad)-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Centre international d'études supérieures en sciences agronomiques (Montpellier SupAgro)-Centre International de Hautes Etudes Agronomiques Méditerranéennes - Institut Agronomique Méditerranéen de Montpellier (CIHEAM-IAMM), Centre International de Hautes Études Agronomiques Méditerranéennes (CIHEAM)-Centre International de Hautes Études Agronomiques Méditerranéennes (CIHEAM)-Institut national d’études supérieures agronomiques de Montpellier (Montpellier SupAgro), Écotron Européen de Montpellier, French National Program EC2CO-Biohefect/Ecodyn//Dril/MicrobiEen, (Gradient de resistance et resilience face au stress climatique et de disponibilite en N et P des sols dans un systeme agroforestier mediterraneen), 'La Fondation de France', France, Investissement d'Avenir AnaEE-France : ANR- 11- INBS- 0001, and ANR-11-INBS-0001,ANAEE-FR,ANAEE-Services(2011)
Subjects: climate disturbance, [SDE.MCG]Environmental Sciences/Global Changes, Soil Science, Context (language use), Microbiology, agroforestry, Cropping system, ComputingMilieux_MISCELLANEOUS, 2. Zero hunger, Ecological stability, Biomass (ecology), Resistance (ecology), Agroforestry, Soil organic matter, fungi, food and beverages, 04 agricultural and veterinary sciences, soil microbial stoichiometry, 15. Life on land, Spatial heterogeneity, 13. Climate action, ecological stability, Soil water, 040103 agronomy & agriculture, 0401 agriculture, forestry, and fisheries, Environmental science, [SDE.BE]Environmental Sciences/Biodiversity and Ecology
Abstract: UMR SYSTEM équipe SYME; International audience; Soil microbial communities in Mediterranean agroecosystems experience long drought periods that are typically combined with heat and frequently interspersed with rapid rewetting events. Agroforestry systems are of growing interest and viewed as possible alternative to conventional cropping systems in the context of climate change. Our aim was to evaluate the resistance and resilience of soil microbial communities against drought with or without heat stress at different distances from the tree row in an agroforestry system as compared to a conventional cropping system. Soils were sampled at several distances from the tree row in a 21-year-old walnut agroforestry system and a contiguous conventional crop in Southern France. We simulated two cycles of dryingrewetting under controlled conditions and applied three distinct treatments: control (without stress), drought and drought combined with heat stress. We monitored microbial respiration over the incubation period. The inorganic N and microbial biomass C, N and P contents (MBC, MBN and MBP) were assessed during the drying period (resistance), just after rewetting and at the end of the experiment (resilience), while bacterial and fungal abundances were measured at the end of the resistance period. We demonstrated that an agroforestry system can induce spatial heterogeneity in soil microbial biomass and functions under control conditions. Microbial biomass and activity, soil organic matter (SOM) and mineral N levels increased on the tree row. This spatial heterogeneity pattern was preserved for soil microbial response to drought combined or not with heat. Microorganisms sampled in the middle of the interrow or in the conventional crop exhibited highest biomass resistance and lowest resilience when facing combined drought and heat stress. Soil microbial biomass resistance and resilience were similar whatever the spatial position when microorganisms had to deal with drought stress only. Our findings suggested that despite higher SOM content, microbial biomass and activity at and near the tree row, the legacy effect of the tree row did not lead to higher ecological stability under stressful climatic conditions. We also demonstrated that soil microorganisms can considerably change their stoichiometry depending on the stress treatment. Soil microorganisms showed elevated MBC:MBN, MBC:MBP and variable MBN:MBP during the resistance period. A high stoichiometric flexibility of microorganisms was observed when exposed to drought stress only, while stoichiometric changes were irreversible when exposed to combined drought and heat stress.
Published: 2019
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7. A multitrophic perspective on biodiversity–ecosystem functioning research

Author: Charles A. Nock, Helge Bruelheide, Forest Isbell, Nina Buchmann, Teja Tscharntke, Sebastian T. Meyer, Darren P. Giling, Fons van der Plas, Stefan A. Schnitzer, Eva Koller-France, Christian Wirth, Jes Hines, Wolfgang W. Weisser, Anja Vogel, Andreas Schuldt, Jana S. Petermann, Anne Ebeling, Holger Schielzeth, Christoph Scherber, Manfred Türke, Aletta Bonn, Helmut Hillebrand, Ulrich Brose, Stephan Hättenschwiler, Olga Ferlian, David A. Wardle, François Buscot, Nicole M. van Dam, Andrew D. Barnes, Hans de Kroon, Kathryn E. Barry, Michael Scherer-Lorenzen, Grégoire T. Freschet, Birgitta König-Ries, Nico Eisenhauer, Cameron Wagg, Bernhard Schmid, Alexandra Weigelt, Jörg Müller, Christiane Roscher, Alexandru Milcu, Malte Jochum, Centre d’Ecologie Fonctionnelle et Evolutive (CEFE), Université Paul-Valéry - Montpellier 3 (UM3)-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Centre international d'études supérieures en sciences agronomiques (Montpellier SupAgro)-École pratique des hautes études (EPHE)-Université de Montpellier (UM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD [France-Sud])-Institut national d’études supérieures agronomiques de Montpellier (Montpellier SupAgro), Écotron Européen de Montpellier - UPS 3248, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), German Centre for Integrative Biodiversity Research (iDiv) Halle-Jena-Leipzig, Inst Biodivers, Friedrich Schiller University of Jena, German Centre for Integrative Biodiversity Research, Institute of Biology/Geobotany and Botanical Garden, Martin-Luther-Universität Halle Wittenberg (MLU), Institute of Agricultural Sciences [Zürich], Eidgenössische Technische Hochschule - Swiss Federal Institute of Technology in Zürich [Zürich] (ETH Zürich), Synthetic and Systems Biology Unit [Szeged], Biological Research Centre [Szeged] (BRC), German Centre for Integrative Biodiversity Research (iDiv), UMR : AGroécologie, Innovations, TeRritoires, Ecole Nationale Supérieure Agronomique de Toulouse, Department of Ecology, Evolution, and Behavior, University of Minnesota [Twin Cities], University of Minnesota System-University of Minnesota System, Agroecology, DNPW, Georg-August-University [Göttingen], Faculty of Biology/Geobotany, Albert Ludwigs University, Institute of Evolutionary Biology and Environmental Studies, Zurich University, Georg-August-Universität Göttingen, Department of Systematic Botany and Functional Biodiversity, Leipzig University, Special Botany and Functional Biodiversity, Universität Leipzig [Leipzig], Department of Chemistry, Hull University, University of Hull [United Kingdom], Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD [France-Sud])-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-École pratique des hautes études (EPHE)-Université de Montpellier (UM)-Institut national d’études supérieures agronomiques de Montpellier (Montpellier SupAgro)-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Centre international d'études supérieures en sciences agronomiques (Montpellier SupAgro)-Université Paul-Valéry - Montpellier 3 (UM3), Aarhus University [Aarhus], German Center for Integrative Biodiversity Research (iDiv) Halle-Jena- Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany, Technische Universitat Munchen, Institut für Biologie I, Friedrich-Schiller-Universität = Friedrich Schiller University Jena [Jena, Germany], Helmholtz Zentrum für Umweltforschung = Helmholtz Centre for Environmental Research (UFZ), Martin-Luther-University Halle-Wittenberg, Eidgenössische Technische Hochschule - Swiss Federal Institute of Technology [Zürich] (ETH Zürich), Université Paul-Valéry - Montpellier 3 (UPVM)-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Centre international d'études supérieures en sciences agronomiques (Montpellier SupAgro)-École Pratique des Hautes Études (EPHE), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université de Montpellier (UM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD [France-Sud])-Institut national d’études supérieures agronomiques de Montpellier (Montpellier SupAgro), Institute for Chemistry and Biology of the Marine Environment (ICBM), University of Oldenburg, University of Minnesota [Twin Cities] (UMN), University of Minnesota System, Karlsruher Institut für Technologie (KIT), Radboud University [Nijmegen], Technische Universität Munchen - Université Technique de Munich [Munich, Allemagne] (TUM), Écotron Européen de Montpellier, University of Würzburg = Universität Würzburg, Bavarian Forest National Park, University of Freiburg [Freiburg], European Project: 677232,H2020,ERC-2015-STG,ECOWORM(2016), European Project: 265171,EC:FP7:ENV,FP7-ENV-2010,FUNDIVEUROPE(2010), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Montpellier (UM)-École pratique des hautes études (EPHE), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Centre international d'études supérieures en sciences agronomiques (Montpellier SupAgro)-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Université Paul-Valéry - Montpellier 3 (UPVM)-Institut national d’études supérieures agronomiques de Montpellier (Montpellier SupAgro), Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (Institut Agro)-Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (Institut Agro)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD [France-Sud]), and Radboud university [Nijmegen]
Subjects: 0106 biological sciences, [SDE.MCG]Environmental Sciences/Global Changes, Biodiversity, 010603 evolutionary biology, 01 natural sciences, Article, Ecosystem services, 03 medical and health sciences, Eco-evolution, 11. Sustainability, Ecosystem, Landscape, Real-world biodiversity change, ComputingMilieux_MISCELLANEOUS, 030304 developmental biology, Biodiversity change, 0303 health sciences, business.industry, Ecology, Environmental resource management, Food web, Spatial scaling, 15. Life on land, Ecosystem functions, Management, Geography, Conceptual framework, 13. Climate action, Sustainable management, [SDE]Environmental Sciences, Ecosystem management, Multifunctionality, Evolutionary ecology, [SDE.BE]Environmental Sciences/Biodiversity and Ecology, Ecosystem ecology, business
Abstract: International audience; Concern about the functional consequences of unprecedented loss in biodiversity has prompted biodiversity-ecosystem functioning (BEF) research to become one of the most active fields of ecological research in the past 25 years. Hundreds of experiments have manipulated biodiversity as an independent variable and found compelling support that the functioning of ecosystems increases with the diversity of their ecological communities. This research has also identified some of the mechanisms underlying BEF relationships, some context-dependencies of the strength of relationships, as well as implications for various ecosystem services that mankind depends upon. In this paper, we argue that a multitrophic perspective of biotic interactions in random and non-random biodiversity change scenarios is key to advance future BEF research and to address some of its most important remaining challenges. We discuss that the study and the quantification of multitrophic interactions in space and time facilitates scaling up from small-scale biodiversity manipulations and ecosystem function assessments to management-relevant spatial scales across ecosystem boundaries. We specifically consider multitrophic conceptual frameworks to understand and predict the context-dependency of BEF relationships. Moreover, we highlight the importance of the eco-evolutionary underpinnings of multitrophic BEF relationships. We outline that FAIR data (meeting the standards of findability, accessibility, interoperability, and reusability) and reproducible processing will be key to advance this field of research by making it more integrative. Finally, we show how these BEF insights may be implemented for ecosystem management, society, and policy. Given that human well-being critically depends on the multiple services provided by diverse, multitrophic communities, integrating the approaches of evolutionary ecology, community ecology, and ecosystem ecology in future BEF research will be key to refine conservation targets and develop sustainable management strategies.
Published: 2019
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8. Elevated CO 2 maintains grassland net carbon uptake under a future heat and drought extreme

Author: Sébastien Devidal, Christophe Escape, Jean-François Soussana, Lionel Thiery, Nathalie Fromin, Jacques Roy, Catherine Picon-Cochard, Clément Piel, Marc Defossez, Angela Augusti, Alexandru Milcu, Olivier Darsonville, Marie-Lise Benot, Florence Volaire, Damien Landais, Michael Bahn, Olivier Ravel, Écotron Européen de Montpellier - UPS 3248, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Unité Mixte de Recherche sur l'Ecosystème Prairial - UMR (UREP), Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-VetAgro Sup - Institut national d'enseignement supérieur et de recherche en alimentation, santé animale, sciences agronomiques et de l'environnement (VAS), Biodiversité, Gènes et Communautés, Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA), Centre d’Ecologie Fonctionnelle et Evolutive (CEFE), Université Paul-Valéry - Montpellier 3 (UM3)-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Centre international d'études supérieures en sciences agronomiques (Montpellier SupAgro)-École pratique des hautes études (EPHE)-Université de Montpellier (UM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD [France-Sud])-Institut national d’études supérieures agronomiques de Montpellier (Montpellier SupAgro), Universität Innsbruck [Innsbruck], Collège de Direction, Écotron Européen de Montpellier, Unité de recherche sur l'Ecosystème Prairial (UREP), Biodiversité, Gènes & Communautés (BioGeCo), Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Université de Bordeaux (UB), Université Paul-Valéry - Montpellier 3 (UPVM)-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Centre international d'études supérieures en sciences agronomiques (Montpellier SupAgro)-École Pratique des Hautes Études (EPHE), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université de Montpellier (UM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD [France-Sud])-Institut national d’études supérieures agronomiques de Montpellier (Montpellier SupAgro), Collège de Direction (CODIR), ANR VALIDATE project, ECOTRONS Research Infrastructure ('Investissement d'Avenir' AnaEE-France ANR-11-INBS-0001), European FP7 ExpeER Transnational Access program, OAD WTZ-programme Austria-France, FWF Project P28572-B22., ANR-07-VULN-0011,VALIDATE,Vulnérabilité des prairies et des élevages au changement climatique et aux événements extrêmes.(2007), ANR-11-INBS-0001,ANAEE-FR,ANAEE-Services(2011), European Project: 266018,EC:FP7:KBBE,FP7-KBBE-2010-4,ANIMALCHANGE(2011), European Project: 262060,EC:FP7:INFRA,FP7-INFRASTRUCTURES-2010-1,EXPEER(2010), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD [France-Sud])-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-École pratique des hautes études (EPHE)-Université de Montpellier (UM)-Institut national d’études supérieures agronomiques de Montpellier (Montpellier SupAgro)-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Centre international d'études supérieures en sciences agronomiques (Montpellier SupAgro)-Université Paul-Valéry - Montpellier 3 (UM3), UR 0874 Unité de recherche sur l'Ecosystème Prairial, Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Unité de recherche sur l'Ecosystème Prairial (UREP)-Ecologie des Forêts, Prairies et milieux Aquatiques (EFPA), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Montpellier (UM)-École pratique des hautes études (EPHE), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Centre international d'études supérieures en sciences agronomiques (Montpellier SupAgro)-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Université Paul-Valéry - Montpellier 3 (UPVM)-Institut national d’études supérieures agronomiques de Montpellier (Montpellier SupAgro), and Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (Institut Agro)-Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (Institut Agro)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD [France-Sud])
Subjects: 0106 biological sciences, Hot Temperature, 010504 meteorology & atmospheric sciences, Atmospheric sciences, 01 natural sciences, Grassland, Soil, chemistry.chemical_compound, Climate change, Milieux et Changements globaux, ComputingMilieux_MISCELLANEOUS, 2. Zero hunger, changement climatique, Multidisciplinary, geography.geographical_feature_category, écotron, Biological Sciences, Droughts, Carbon dioxide, élevation du gaz carbonique, [SDE.MCG]Environmental Sciences/Global Changes, chemistry.chemical_element, [object Object], Carbon Cycle, Carbon cycle, [SDV.EE.ECO]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Ecology, environment/Ecosystems, climat extrème, Carbon fluxes, Grassland ecosystem, Ecosystem, 0105 earth and related environmental sciences, Hydrology, geography, flux de carbone, Carbon Dioxide, Extreme events, 15. Life on land, écosystème prairial, Carbon, Plant Leaves, croissance racinaire, chemistry, 13. Climate action, Environmental science, [SDE.BE]Environmental Sciences/Biodiversity and Ecology, Plant nutrition, Intensity (heat transfer), [SDV.EE.IEO]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Ecology, environment/Symbiosis, 010606 plant biology & botany
Abstract: International audience; Extreme climatic events (ECEs) such as droughts and heat waves are predicted to increase in intensity and frequency and impact the terrestrial carbon balance. However, we lack direct experimental evidence of how the net carbon uptake of ecosystems is affected by ECEs under future elevated atmospheric CO2 concentrations (eCO2). Taking advantage of an advanced controlled environment facility for ecosystem research (Ecotron), we simulated eCO2 and extreme cooccurring heat and drought events as projected for the 2050s and analyzed their effects on the ecosystem-level carbon and water fluxes in a C3 grassland. Our results indicate that eCO2 not only slows down the decline of ecosystem carbon uptake during the ECE but also enhances its recovery after the ECE, as mediated by increases of root growth and plant nitrogen uptake induced by the ECE. These findings indicate that, in the predicted near future climate, eCO2 could mitigate the effects of extreme droughts and heat waves on ecosystem net carbon uptake.
Published: 2016
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9. European infrastructures for sustainable agriculture

Author: François Tardieu, Jacques Roy, Michèle Tixier-Boichard, Ulrich Schurr, Écotron Européen de Montpellier, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Écophysiologie des Plantes sous Stress environnementaux (LEPSE), Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Centre international d'études supérieures en sciences agronomiques (Montpellier SupAgro)-Institut national d’études supérieures agronomiques de Montpellier (Montpellier SupAgro), Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (Institut Agro)-Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (Institut Agro), Génétique Animale et Biologie Intégrative (GABI), Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-AgroParisTech, Génétique Diversité et Ecophysiologie des Céréales (GDEC), Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Université Clermont Auvergne [2017-2020] (UCA [2017-2020]), European Commission grant 731013 (EPPN2020), European Commission grant number 312690, Écotron Européen de Montpellier - UPS 3248, Université Blaise Pascal - Clermont-Ferrand 2 (UBP)-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA), and Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Université Blaise Pascal - Clermont-Ferrand 2 (UBP)
Subjects: 0106 biological sciences, 0301 basic medicine, Conservation of Natural Resources, [SDE.MCG]Environmental Sciences/Global Changes, [SDV]Life Sciences [q-bio], Ecology (disciplines), Sustainable Agriculture Innovation Network, Plant Science, Environment, 01 natural sciences, Food Supply, 03 medical and health sciences, Phenomics, Sustainable agriculture, Humans, ComputingMilieux_MISCELLANEOUS, 2. Zero hunger, business.industry, Environmental resource management, Crop Production, Europe, 030104 developmental biology, 13. Climate action, Agriculture, [SDE.BE]Environmental Sciences/Biodiversity and Ecology, business, 010606 plant biology & botany
Abstract: This opinion paper was drawn from an international FACCE JPI workshop in Wageningen, the Netherlands, on 27/28 October 2016; International audience; The European infrastructures EMPHASIS and AnaEE aim to collaborate in bringing innovative solutions for a sustainable intensification of agriculture. By integrating the study of plant phenomics and agricultural ecology they hope to foster the development of novel scientific concepts, sensors and integrated models.
Published: 2017
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10. Temporal Shifts in Plant Diversity Effects on Carbon and Nitrogen Dynamics During Litter Decomposition in a Mediterranean Shrubland Exposed to Reduced Precipitation

Author: Mathieu Santonja, Stephan Hättenschwiler, Catherine Fernandez, Anaïs Rancon, Alexandru Milcu, Nathalie Fromin, Ammar Shihan, Virginie Baldy, Institut méditerranéen de biodiversité et d'écologie marine et continentale (IMBE), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de recherche pour le développement [IRD] : UMR237-Aix Marseille Université (AMU)-Avignon Université (AU), Centre d’Ecologie Fonctionnelle et Evolutive (CEFE), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD [France-Sud])-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-École pratique des hautes études (EPHE)-Université de Montpellier (UM)-Institut national d’études supérieures agronomiques de Montpellier (Montpellier SupAgro)-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Centre international d'études supérieures en sciences agronomiques (Montpellier SupAgro)-Université Paul-Valéry - Montpellier 3 (UM3), Écotron Européen de Montpellier - UPS 3248, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Biodiversité et Biotechnologie Fongiques (BBF), Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Aix Marseille Université (AMU)-École Centrale de Marseille (ECM), Institut Méditerranéen d'Ecologie et de Paléoécologie (IMEP), Université Paul Cézanne - Aix-Marseille 3-Université de Provence - Aix-Marseille 1-Avignon Université (AU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Centre d'Ecologie des Systèmes Aquatiques Continentaux (CESAC), Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Ecosystèmes, biodiversité, évolution [Rennes] (ECOBIO), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Observatoire des Sciences de l'Univers de Rennes (OSUR)-Institut Ecologie et Environnement (INEE), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Rennes 1 (UR1), Université de Rennes (UNIV-RENNES)-Université de Rennes (UNIV-RENNES), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Montpellier (UM)-École pratique des hautes études (EPHE), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Centre international d'études supérieures en sciences agronomiques (Montpellier SupAgro)-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Université Paul-Valéry - Montpellier 3 (UPVM)-Institut national d’études supérieures agronomiques de Montpellier (Montpellier SupAgro), Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (Institut Agro)-Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (Institut Agro)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD [France-Sud]), Écotron Européen de Montpellier, ANR-09-CEP-007, Agence Nationale de la Recherche, ANR-09-CEPL-0007,CLIMED,Impacts des changements climatiques sur la biodiversité et conséquences pour le fonctionnement d'un écosystème méditerranéen(2009), Université de Rennes 1 (UR1), Université de Rennes (UNIV-RENNES)-Université de Rennes (UNIV-RENNES)-Institut Ecologie et Environnement (INEE), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Observatoire des Sciences de l'Univers de Rennes (OSUR)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Université Paul-Valéry - Montpellier 3 (UM3)-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Centre international d'études supérieures en sciences agronomiques (Montpellier SupAgro)-École pratique des hautes études (EPHE)-Université de Montpellier (UM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD [France-Sud])-Institut national d’études supérieures agronomiques de Montpellier (Montpellier SupAgro), École Centrale de Marseille (ECM)-Aix Marseille Université (AMU)-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA), Université de Rennes (UR)-Institut Ecologie et Environnement (INEE), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Observatoire des Sciences de l'Univers de Rennes (OSUR), Université de Rennes (UR)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université de Rennes 2 (UR2)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université de Rennes 2 (UR2)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Avignon Université (AU)-Aix Marseille Université (AMU)-Institut de recherche pour le développement [IRD] : UMR237-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Université Paul-Valéry - Montpellier 3 (UPVM)-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Centre international d'études supérieures en sciences agronomiques (Montpellier SupAgro)-École Pratique des Hautes Études (EPHE), and Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université de Montpellier (UM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD [France-Sud])-Institut national d’études supérieures agronomiques de Montpellier (Montpellier SupAgro)
Subjects: 0106 biological sciences, 010504 meteorology & atmospheric sciences, ved/biology.organism_classification_rank.species, Biodiversity, Biology, 010603 evolutionary biology, 01 natural sciences, Shrub, Shrubland, Garrigue, Functional trait dissimilarity, Decomposition stage, Environmental Chemistry, Ecology, Evolution, Behavior and Systematics, ComputingMilieux_MISCELLANEOUS, 0105 earth and related environmental sciences, geography, geography.geographical_feature_category, Ecology, ved/biology, Chemical process of decomposition, Species diversity, Community weighted means, 15. Life on land, Plant litter, Biodiversity-ecosystem functioning, Rainfall exclusion, Agronomy, 13. Climate action, Litter functional traits, [SDE]Environmental Sciences, Litter, Species richness, [SDE.BE]Environmental Sciences/Biodiversity and Ecology
Abstract: International audience; Climate and plant diversity are major determinants of carbon (C) and nitrogen (N) dynamics in decomposing plant litter. However, the direction and extent to which thesedynamics are affected by combined changes in climate and biodiversity is not well understood.We used a field experiment in a Mediterranean shrubland ranging from one to four shrub species with partial rain exclusion (-12%) to test how lower precipitation interacts with shrub species diversity to influence C and N release during decomposition. We also distinguished between first-year (0-12 months) and second-year decomposition (12-24 months) to test the hypothesis of stronger diversity effects at the beginning of the decomposition process. Litter C and N release increased with litter species richness during the first year, but not during the second year of decomposition. However, these richness effects were weak and less consistent than litter composition effects, which persisted over time and became even stronger for C release after two years of decomposition. Partial rain exclusion reduced N release by 17% only during the first year and had no effect on C release in either year. Community weighted mean (CWM) traits and functional dissimilarity (FD) of litter traits contributed both to explain litter species composition effects. These litter trait effects were not altered by partial rain exclusion, but were more important after two years than after one year of decomposition. Our findings suggest increasing trait legacy effects with ongoing decomposition. More generally, our data showed that changes in the diversity of dominant shrub species had stronger effects on C and N release during litter decomposition than a moderate reduction in precipitation.
Published: 2018
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11. Weak to no effects of litter biomass and mixing on litter decomposition in a seasonally dry tropical forest

Author: Marcos Paulo Figueiredo-Barros, Sylvain Coq, Anderson da Rocha Gripp, Alexandru Milcu, Rafael D. Guariento, Adriano Caliman, Francisco de Assis Esteves, Luciana S. Carneiro, Centre d’Ecologie Fonctionnelle et Evolutive (CEFE), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD [France-Sud])-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-École pratique des hautes études (EPHE)-Université de Montpellier (UM)-Institut national d’études supérieures agronomiques de Montpellier (Montpellier SupAgro)-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Centre international d'études supérieures en sciences agronomiques (Montpellier SupAgro)-Université Paul-Valéry - Montpellier 3 (UM3), Écotron Européen de Montpellier - UPS 3248, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Montpellier (UM)-École pratique des hautes études (EPHE), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Centre international d'études supérieures en sciences agronomiques (Montpellier SupAgro)-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Université Paul-Valéry - Montpellier 3 (UPVM)-Institut national d’études supérieures agronomiques de Montpellier (Montpellier SupAgro), Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (Institut Agro)-Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (Institut Agro)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD [France-Sud]), and Écotron Européen de Montpellier
Subjects: 0106 biological sciences, Biomass (ecology), Field experiment, Chemical process of decomposition, Soil Science, 15. Life on land, Plant litter, 010603 evolutionary biology, 01 natural sciences, Decomposition, Agronomy, 13. Climate action, Litter, Environmental science, Composition (visual arts), Ecosystem, [SDE.BE]Environmental Sciences/Biodiversity and Ecology, Ecology, Evolution, Behavior and Systematics, ComputingMilieux_MISCELLANEOUS, 010606 plant biology & botany
Abstract: Leaf litter mixtures and the amount of litter biomass in the litter standing stocks can affect the decomposition rates by modifying physical properties and resource heterogeneity in the litter layers. However, the potential interactive effects of litter mixtures and the amount of litter biomass on decomposition have been overlooked in the literature, even though both aspects of litter layer may be highly variable in space and time, within and across ecosystems. In a field experiment conducted in a seasonally dry tropical forest (also known as restinga forest), we investigated the individual and interactive effects of litter mixing and litter biomass on the decomposition of leaf litter from four species of trees, at both species- and assemblage-level. We hypothesized that the mixing of litter and higher litter biomass would both promote litter decomposition, and that litter mixture effects on decomposition at assemblage- and species specific-level would be stronger under higher litter biomass. Mixing of litter and the amount of litter in the standing stocks had no significant individual effects on decomposition, neither at the assemblage- or species specific-level. However, we observed an interactive effect between both experimental factors for the decomposition of a single species, where, contrary to our predictions, the decomposition of Andira legalis at low litter biomass was slightly reduced in the litter mixture. Our results indicate that litter decomposition in the restinga ecosystem should be highly predictable with knowledge of species composition and species-specific decomposition rates, and suggest that, at least for seasonally dry tropical ecosystems, the mixing of litter may have only a small effect on the decomposition process.
Published: 2018
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12. Genotypic variability enhances the reproducibility of an ecological study

Author: Markus Lange, Anne Pando, Manuel Blouin, Michael Bonkowski, Jean-Christophe Lata, Agnès Gigon, Carlo Grignani, Sebastien Barot, Nina Buchmann, Simone Cesarz, Ruben Puga-Freitas, Aaron M. Ellison, Alexandru Milcu, Laura Zavattaro, Neringa Mannerheim, Stefan Scheu, Nico Eisenhauer, Rahme Seyhun, Jacques Roy, Anna Greiner, Laura Rose, Marina E.H. Muller, Olaf Butenschoen, Alexandra Weigelt, Sébastien Devidal, Michael Scherer-Lorenzen, Martin Lukac, Jean-François Le Galliard, Arthur Gessler, Davide Assandri, Zachary Kayler, Amandine Hansart, Katherine R. Urban-Mead, Gerd Gleixner, Thomas Girin, Grégoire T. Freschet, Paula Rotter, Écotron Européen de Montpellier, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Centre d’Ecologie Fonctionnelle et Evolutive (CEFE), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Montpellier (UM)-École pratique des hautes études (EPHE), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Centre international d'études supérieures en sciences agronomiques (Montpellier SupAgro)-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Université Paul-Valéry - Montpellier 3 (UPVM)-Institut national d’études supérieures agronomiques de Montpellier (Montpellier SupAgro), Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (Institut Agro)-Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (Institut Agro)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD [France-Sud]), Institut d'écologie et des sciences de l'environnement de Paris (iEES), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Paris-Est Créteil Val-de-Marne - Paris 12 (UPEC UP12)-Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA), Harvard University [Cambridge], Agroécologie [Dijon], Université de Bourgogne (UB)-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Université Bourgogne Franche-Comté [COMUE] (UBFC)-AgroSup Dijon - Institut National Supérieur des Sciences Agronomiques, de l'Alimentation et de l'Environnement, University of Göttingen - Georg-August-Universität Göttingen, Department of Forest Resources, University of Minnesota [Twin Cities] (UMN), University of Minnesota System-University of Minnesota System, Institut Jean-Pierre Bourgin (IJPB), Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-AgroParisTech, Department of Terrestrial Ecology, Institut of Zoology, University of Cologne, Institute of Plant, Animal and Agroecosystem Sciences, J. F. Blumenbach Institute of Zoology and Anthropology, Georg-August-University [Göttingen], Max Planck Institute for Biogeochemistry (MPI-BGC), Max-Planck-Gesellschaft, Swiss Federal Research Institute, Department of Agricultural, Forestry, and Food Sciences, University of Turin, CEREEP-Ecotron Ile de France (UMS 3194), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Département de Biologie - ENS Paris, École normale supérieure - Paris (ENS Paris), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-École normale supérieure - Paris (ENS Paris), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), School of Agriculture, Policy and Development, University of Reading, Faculty of Biology, University of Freiburg [Freiburg], Special Botany and Functional Biodiversity, Universität Leipzig [Leipzig], State allocation ‘Investissement d’Avenir’ [ANR-11-INBS-0001], European Project: 262060,EC:FP7:INFRA,FP7-INFRASTRUCTURES-2010-1,EXPEER(2010), Université Paul-Valéry - Montpellier 3 (UM3)-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Centre international d'études supérieures en sciences agronomiques (Montpellier SupAgro)-École pratique des hautes études (EPHE)-Université de Montpellier (UM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD [France-Sud])-Institut national d’études supérieures agronomiques de Montpellier (Montpellier SupAgro), UPS 3248, Écotron Européen de Montpellier - Baillarguet, Institut d'écologie et des sciences de l'environnement de Paris (IEES), Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)-Université Paris-Est Créteil Val-de-Marne - Paris 12 (UPEC UP12)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Université de Bourgogne (UB)-AgroSup Dijon - Institut National Supérieur des Sciences Agronomiques, de l'Alimentation et de l'Environnement-Université Bourgogne Franche-Comté [COMUE] (UBFC), Johann-Friedrich Blumenbach Institut für Zoologie und Anthropologie, Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD [France-Ouest]), Université de Leipzig, Eidgenössische Technische Hochschule - Swiss Federal Institute of Technology in Zürich [Zürich] (ETH Zürich), Institut d'écologie et des sciences de l'environnement de Paris (IEES (UMR_7618 / UMR_D_242 / UMR_A_1392 / UM_113) ), Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Université Paris-Est Créteil Val-de-Marne - Paris 12 (UPEC UP12)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Département de Biologie - ENS Paris, École normale supérieure - Paris (ENS Paris)-École normale supérieure - Paris (ENS Paris)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Biogéochimie et écologie des milieux continentaux (Bioemco), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-AgroParisTech-Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-École normale supérieure - Paris (ENS Paris), NERC, Imperial College London, Faculty of Biology, Chair of Geobotany, University of Freiburg, Department Systematic Botanic and Functional Biodiversity, Institute Biology, Université Paul-Valéry - Montpellier 3 (UPVM)-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Centre international d'études supérieures en sciences agronomiques (Montpellier SupAgro)-École pratique des hautes études (EPHE), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université de Montpellier (UM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD [France-Sud])-Institut national d’études supérieures agronomiques de Montpellier (Montpellier SupAgro), Georg-August-University = Georg-August-Universität Göttingen, Università degli studi di Torino = University of Turin (UNITO), École normale supérieure - Paris (ENS-PSL), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-École normale supérieure - Paris (ENS-PSL), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Écotron Européen de Montpellier - UPS 3248, George August University Goettingen, University of Minnesota [Twin Cities], Université Paul-Valéry - Montpellier 3 (UPVM)-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Centre international d'études supérieures en sciences agronomiques (Montpellier SupAgro)-École Pratique des Hautes Études (EPHE), Harvard University, and Universität Leipzig
Subjects: 0106 biological sciences, 0301 basic medicine, Grassland ecology, Microcosms, Genotype, Evolution, [SDE.MCG]Environmental Sciences/Global Changes, Ecosystem ecology, [SDV]Life Sciences [q-bio], Biology, Environment, Transparency, 010603 evolutionary biology, 01 natural sciences, 03 medical and health sciences, reproducibility crisis, Behavior and Systematics, Medicago truncatula, [SDV.BA.ZV]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Animal biology/Vertebrate Zoology, Genetic variability, Repeatability, Ecology, Evolution, Behavior and Systematics, Scientific disciplines, ComputingMilieux_MISCELLANEOUS, 030304 developmental biology, 0303 health sciences, Reproducibility, Diversity, Ecology, business.industry, Ecological study, Reproducibility of Results, food and beverages, Biodiversity, biology.organism_classification, Biotechnology, Europe, Animal-experiments, 030104 developmental biology, Agronomy, Research Design, Brachypodium distachyon, [SDE.BE]Environmental Sciences/Biodiversity and Ecology, business, Microcosm, Brachypodium
Abstract: International audience; Many scientific disciplines are currently experiencing a 'reproducibility crisis' because numerous scientific findings cannot be repeated consistently. A novel but controversial hypothesis postulates that stringent levels of environmental and biotic standardization in experimental studies reduce reproducibility by amplifying the impacts of laboratory-specific environmental factors not accounted for in study designs. A corollary to this hypothesis is that a deliberate introduction of controlled systematic variability (CSV) in experimental designs may lead to increased reproducibility. To test this hypothesis, we had 14 European laboratories run a simple microcosm experiment using grass (Brachypodium distachyon L.) monocultures and grass and legume (Medicago truncatula Gaertn.) mixtures. Each laboratory introduced environmental and genotypic CSV within and among replicated microcosms established in either growth chambers (with stringent control of environmental conditions) or glasshouses (with more variable environmental conditions). The introduction of genotypic CSV led to 18% lower among-laboratory variability in growth chambers, indicating increased reproducibility, but had no significant effect in glasshouses where reproducibility was generally lower. Environmental CSV had little effect on reproducibility. Although there are multiple causes for the 'reproducibility crisis', deliberately including genetic variability may be a simple solution for increasing the reproducibility of ecological studies performed under stringently controlled environmental conditions.
Published: 2018
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13. Quels enjeux sont associés à la biodiversité des sols ?

Author: Hattenschwiler, Stephan, Barantal, Sandra, Ganault, Pierre, Gillespie, Lauren, Coq, Sylvain, Centre d’Ecologie Fonctionnelle et Evolutive (CEFE), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Montpellier (UM)-École pratique des hautes études (EPHE), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Centre international d'études supérieures en sciences agronomiques (Montpellier SupAgro)-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Université Paul-Valéry - Montpellier 3 (UPVM)-Institut national d’études supérieures agronomiques de Montpellier (Montpellier SupAgro), Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (Institut Agro)-Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (Institut Agro)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD [France-Sud]), Université de Montpellier (UM), Université Paul-Valéry - Montpellier 3 (UPVM), École pratique des hautes études (EPHE), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD [Nouvelle-Calédonie]), Écotron Européen de Montpellier, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Université Paul-Valéry - Montpellier 3 (UPVM)-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Centre international d'études supérieures en sciences agronomiques (Montpellier SupAgro)-École Pratique des Hautes Études (EPHE), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université de Montpellier (UM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD [France-Sud])-Institut national d’études supérieures agronomiques de Montpellier (Montpellier SupAgro), École Pratique des Hautes Études (EPHE), Université Paul-Valéry - Montpellier 3 (UM3)-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Centre international d'études supérieures en sciences agronomiques (Montpellier SupAgro)-École pratique des hautes études (EPHE)-Université de Montpellier (UM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD [France-Sud])-Institut national d’études supérieures agronomiques de Montpellier (Montpellier SupAgro), Université Paul Valéry (Montpellier 3), Écotron Européen de Montpellier - UPS 3248, and Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD [France-Sud])-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-École pratique des hautes études (EPHE)-Université de Montpellier (UM)-Institut national d’études supérieures agronomiques de Montpellier (Montpellier SupAgro)-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Centre international d'études supérieures en sciences agronomiques (Montpellier SupAgro)-Université Paul-Valéry - Montpellier 3 (UM3)
Subjects: [SDV]Life Sciences [q-bio]
Abstract: Ce numéro est constitué d’articles issus du colloque «De la connaissance de la biologie des sols et de ses fonctions, à son pilotage » organisé en partenariat avec l’Ademe et l’AFB, le 18 octobre 2018 à Dijon.; Les organismes du sol, caractérisés par une diversité phénoménale mais mal répertoriée, organisée enréseaux d’interactions complexes, sont traditionnellement traités comme une boîte noire dans lacompréhension conceptuelle et mécanistique du fonctionnement de l’écosystème. Dans le contexted’une érosion globale de la biodiversité, il est important de mieux connaître cette diversité et d’encomprendre le rôle fonctionnel afin de prédire les conséquences de la disparition des espèces sur lefonctionnement des écosystèmes naturels et agricoles. En utilisant quelques exemples issus de larecherche récente, nous montrons ici qu’une caractérisation relativement simple de la biodiversité sur labase de quelques traits fonctionnels pourrait permettre de quantifier son impact sur des processus cléscomme le recyclage de la matière organique. Nous mettons en lumière l’importance de prendre encompte les interactions entre niveaux trophiques, et en particulier le rôle de la diversité fonctionnelledes résidus végétaux dans ces interactions. Une recherche qui vise à définir des traits fonctionnelspertinents pour les processus du sol et les services écosystémiques associés, comme la production dematière végétale, le maintien de la fertilité des sols ou le stockage du carbone, devrait permettre deprendre en compte la diversité fonctionnelle des organismes du sol dans les décisions de gestion et lespratiques agricoles.
Published: 2018
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14. Dynamic niche partitioning in root water uptake facilitates efficient water use in more diverse grassland plant communities

Author: Nina Buchmann, Arthur Gessler, Marcus Guderle, Olivier Ravel, Christiane Roscher, Damien Landais, Anke Hildebrandt, Alexandru Milcu, Annette Gockele, Marcel Bechmann, Dörte Bachmann, Jacques Roy, Christine Fischer, Sébastien Devidal, Alexandra Weigelt, Centre d’Ecologie Fonctionnelle et Evolutive (CEFE), Université Paul-Valéry - Montpellier 3 (UM3)-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Centre international d'études supérieures en sciences agronomiques (Montpellier SupAgro)-École pratique des hautes études (EPHE)-Université de Montpellier (UM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD [France-Sud])-Institut national d’études supérieures agronomiques de Montpellier (Montpellier SupAgro), German Center for Integrative Biodiversity Research (iDiv) Halle-Jena- Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany, Écotron Européen de Montpellier - UPS 3248, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Leibniz-Zentrum für Agrarlandschaftsforschung = Leibniz Centre for Agricultural Landscape Research (ZALF), Institute of Agricultural Sciences [Zürich], Eidgenössische Technische Hochschule - Swiss Federal Institute of Technology in Zürich [Zürich] (ETH Zürich), German Centre for Integrative Biodiversity Research (iDiv), Chair of Hydrogeology, Institute for Geosciences, Friedrich-Schiller-Universität Jena, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Montpellier (UM)-École pratique des hautes études (EPHE), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Centre international d'études supérieures en sciences agronomiques (Montpellier SupAgro)-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Université Paul-Valéry - Montpellier 3 (UPVM)-Institut national d’études supérieures agronomiques de Montpellier (Montpellier SupAgro), Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (Institut Agro)-Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (Institut Agro)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD [France-Sud]), Écotron Européen de Montpellier, Eidgenössische Technische Hochschule - Swiss Federal Institute of Technology [Zürich] (ETH Zürich), Friedrich-Schiller-Universität = Friedrich Schiller University Jena [Jena, Germany], and Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD [France-Sud])-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-École pratique des hautes études (EPHE)-Université de Montpellier (UM)-Institut national d’études supérieures agronomiques de Montpellier (Montpellier SupAgro)-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Centre international d'études supérieures en sciences agronomiques (Montpellier SupAgro)-Université Paul-Valéry - Montpellier 3 (UM3)
Subjects: 2. Zero hunger, 0106 biological sciences, Stomatal conductance, 010504 meteorology & atmospheric sciences, Ecology, [SDE.MCG]Environmental Sciences/Global Changes, Plant community, 15. Life on land, Biology, 010603 evolutionary biology, 01 natural sciences, Agronomy, Evapotranspiration, Soil water, [SDE]Environmental Sciences, Ecosystem, Species richness, [SDE.BE]Environmental Sciences/Biodiversity and Ecology, Water content, Ecology, Evolution, Behavior and Systematics, Water use, ComputingMilieux_MISCELLANEOUS, 0105 earth and related environmental sciences
Abstract: Summary 1.Efficient extraction of soil water is essential for the productivity of plant communities. However, research on the complementary use of resources in mixed plant communities, and especially the impact of plant species richness on root water uptake, is limited. So far, these investigations have been hindered by a lack of methods allowing for the estimation of root water uptake profiles. 2.The overarching aim of our study was to determine whether diverse grassland plant communities in general exploit soil water more deeply and whether this shift occurs all the time or only during times of enhanced water demand. 3.Root water uptake was derived by analyzing the diurnal decrease of soil water content separately at each measurement depth, thus yielding root water uptake profiles for 12 experimental grasslands communities with two different levels of species richness (4 and 16 sown species). Additional measurements of leaf water potential, stomatal conductance, and root traits were used to identify differences in water relations between plant functional groups. 4.Although the vertical root distribution did not differ between diversity levels, root water uptake shifted towards deeper layers (30 cm and 60 cm) in more diverse plots during periods of high vapor pressure deficit. Our results indicate that the more diverse communities were able to adjust their root water uptake, resulting in increased water uptake per root area compared to less diverse communities (52% at 20 cm, 118% at 30 cm, and 570% at 60 cm depth) and a more even distribution of water uptake over depth. Tall herbs, which had lower leaf water potential and higher stomatal conductance in more diverse mixtures, contributed disproportionately to dynamic niche partitioning in root water uptake. 5.This study underpins the role of diversity in stabilizing ecosystem function and mitigating drought stress effects during future climate change scenarios. Furthermore, the results provide evidence that root water uptake is not solely controlled by root length density distribution in communities with high plant diversity but also by spatial shifts in water acquisition. This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved.
Published: 2018
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15. The triple oxygen isotope composition of phytoliths as a proxy of continental atmospheric humidity: insights from climate chamber and climate transect calibrations

Author: Sandrine Pauchet, Martine Couapel, Françoise Chalié, Amarelle Landais, Pauline Cornuault, Clément Piel, Corinne Sonzogni, Elizabeth A. Webb, Sébastien Devidal, Jingming Xin, Marine Pasturel, Frédéric Prié, Jean-Charles Mazur, Ilhem Bentaleb, Anne Alexandre, Christine Vallet-Coulomb, Jacques Roy, Centre européen de recherche et d'enseignement des géosciences de l'environnement (CEREGE), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Collège de France (CdF)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Aix Marseille Université (AMU)-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA), Laboratoire des Sciences du Climat et de l'Environnement [Gif-sur-Yvette] (LSCE), Université Paris-Saclay-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Ecotron européen de Montpellier, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Ecotron, Institut des Sciences de l'Evolution de Montpellier (UMR ISEM), Centre de Coopération Internationale en Recherche Agronomique pour le Développement (Cirad)-École pratique des hautes études (EPHE)-Université de Montpellier (UM)-Institut de recherche pour le développement [IRD] : UR226-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Respiratory Epidemiology and Public Health, Imperial College London-Royal Brompton Hospital-National Heart and Lung Institute [UK], Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université Paris-Saclay-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Écotron Européen de Montpellier - UPS 3248, University of Western Ontario (UWO), Centre européen de recherche et d'enseignement de géosciences de l'environnement ( CEREGE ), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique ( CNRS ) -Institut de Recherche pour le Développement ( IRD ) -Aix Marseille Université ( AMU ) -Collège de France ( CdF ) -Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique ( INRA ) -Institut national des sciences de l'Univers ( INSU - CNRS ), Ecologie Systématique et Evolution ( ESE ), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique ( CNRS ) -Université Paris-Sud - Paris 11 ( UP11 ) -Ecole Nationale du Génie Rural, des Eaux et des Forêts ( ENGREF ), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique ( CNRS ), Laboratoire des Sciences du Climat et de l'Environnement [Gif-sur-Yvette] ( LSCE ), Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines ( UVSQ ) -Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives ( CEA ) -Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique ( CNRS ), Institut des Sciences de l'Evolution de Montpellier ( ISEM ), Université de Montpellier ( UM ) -Institut de recherche pour le développement [IRD] : UR226-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique ( CNRS ), Imperial College London-Royal Brompton Hospital-National Heart and Lung Institute, Aix Marseille Université (AMU)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Collège de France (CdF (institution))-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA), Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ), Glaces et Continents, Climats et Isotopes Stables (GLACCIOS), Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ), Écotron Européen de Montpellier, École pratique des hautes études (EPHE), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université de Montpellier (UM)-Centre de Coopération Internationale en Recherche Agronomique pour le Développement (Cirad)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de recherche pour le développement [IRD] : UR226, French program INSU-LEFE [ANR-11-INBS-0001], Alexandre, Anne, Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Aix Marseille Université (AMU)-Collège de France (CdF (institution))-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Centre de Coopération Internationale en Recherche Agronomique pour le Développement (Cirad)-École Pratique des Hautes Études (EPHE), and Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université de Montpellier (UM)-Institut de recherche pour le développement [IRD] : UR226-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)
Subjects: [ SDU.OCEAN ] Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Ocean, Atmosphere, 010504 meteorology & atmospheric sciences, leaf water, [SDE.MCG]Environmental Sciences/Global Changes, lcsh:Life, Biogenic silica, plant-water, 010502 geochemistry & geophysics, Atmospheric sciences, 01 natural sciences, tree-ring cellulose, lcsh:QH540-549.5, [ SDU.ENVI ] Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Continental interfaces, environment, Relative humidity, biogenic silica, Ecology, Evolution, Behavior and Systematics, ComputingMilieux_MISCELLANEOUS, 0105 earth and related environmental sciences, Earth-Surface Processes, Transpiration, Hydrology, lcsh:QE1-996.5, relative-humidity, 15. Life on land, Atmospheric temperature, tropical rain-forest, lcsh:Geology, lcsh:QH501-531, high-precision, Phytolith, soil-water, 13. Climate action, Soil water, [SDE]Environmental Sciences, Kinetic fractionation, multiproxy approach, meteoric precipitation, lcsh:Ecology, [SDE.BE]Environmental Sciences/Biodiversity and Ecology, Water vapor, Geology
Abstract: Continental atmospheric relative humidity (RH) is a key climate parameter. Combined with atmospheric temperature, it allows us to estimate the concentration of atmospheric water vapor, which is one of the main components of the global water cycle and the most important gas contributing to the natural greenhouse effect. However, there is a lack of proxies suitable for reconstructing, in a quantitative way, past changes of continental atmospheric humidity. This reduces the possibility of making model–data comparisons necessary for the implementation of climate models. Over the past 10 years, analytical developments have enabled a few laboratories to reach sufficient precision for measuring the triple oxygen isotopes, expressed by the 17O-excess (17O-excess = ln (δ17O + 1) – 0.528 × ln (δ18O + 1)), in water, water vapor and minerals. The 17O-excess represents an alternative to deuterium-excess for investigating relative humidity conditions that prevail during water evaporation. Phytoliths are micrometric amorphous silica particles that form continuously in living plants. Phytolith morphological assemblages from soils and sediments are commonly used as past vegetation and hydrous stress indicators. In the present study, we examine whether changes in atmospheric RH imprint the 17O-excess of phytoliths in a measurable way and whether this imprint offers a potential for reconstructing past RH. For that purpose, we first monitored the 17O-excess evolution of soil water, grass leaf water and grass phytoliths in response to changes in RH (from 40 to 100 %) in a growth chamber experiment where transpiration reached a steady state. Decreasing RH from 80 to 40 % decreases the 17O-excess of phytoliths by 4.1 per meg/% as a result of kinetic fractionation of the leaf water subject to evaporation. In order to model with accuracy the triple oxygen isotope fractionation in play in plant water and in phytoliths we recommend direct and continuous measurements of the triple isotope composition of water vapor. Then, we measured the 17O-excess of 57 phytolith assemblages collected from top soils along a RH and vegetation transect in inter-tropical West and Central Africa. Although scattered, the 17O-excess of phytoliths decreases with RH by 3.4 per meg/%. The similarity of the trends observed in the growth chamber and nature supports that RH is an important control of 17O-excess of phytoliths in the natural environment. However, other parameters such as changes in the triple isotope composition of the soil water or phytolith origin in the plant may come into play. Assessment of these parameters through additional growth chambers experiments and field campaigns will bring us closer to an accurate proxy of changes in relative humidity.
Published: 2018
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16. Top canopy nitrogen allocation linked to increased grassland carbon uptake in stands of varying species richness

Author: Milcu, Alexandru, Gessler, Arthur, Roscher, Christiane, Rose, Laura, Kayler, Zachary, Bachmann, Dörte, Pirhofer-Walzl, Karin, Zavadlav, Saša, Galiano, Lucía, Buchmann, Tina, Scherer-Lorenzen, Michael, Roy, Jacques, Centre d’Ecologie Fonctionnelle et Evolutive (CEFE), Université Paul-Valéry - Montpellier 3 (UM3)-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Centre international d'études supérieures en sciences agronomiques (Montpellier SupAgro)-École pratique des hautes études (EPHE)-Université de Montpellier (UM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD [France-Sud])-Institut national d’études supérieures agronomiques de Montpellier (Montpellier SupAgro), Leibniz-Zentrum für Agrarlandschaftsforschung = Leibniz Centre for Agricultural Landscape Research (ZALF), German Center for Integrative Biodiversity Research (iDiv) Halle-Jena- Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany, Swiss Federal Institute for Forest, Snow and Avalanche Research WSL, Faculty of Biology/Geobotany, Albert Ludwigs University, Écotron Européen de Montpellier - UPS 3248, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Montpellier (UM)-École pratique des hautes études (EPHE), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Centre international d'études supérieures en sciences agronomiques (Montpellier SupAgro)-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Université Paul-Valéry - Montpellier 3 (UPVM)-Institut national d’études supérieures agronomiques de Montpellier (Montpellier SupAgro), Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (Institut Agro)-Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (Institut Agro)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD [France-Sud]), Swiss Federal Institute for Forest, Snow and Landscape Research WSL, University of Freiburg [Freiburg], Écotron Européen de Montpellier, Université Paul-Valéry - Montpellier 3 (UPVM)-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Centre international d'études supérieures en sciences agronomiques (Montpellier SupAgro)-École Pratique des Hautes Études (EPHE), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université de Montpellier (UM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD [France-Sud])-Institut national d’études supérieures agronomiques de Montpellier (Montpellier SupAgro), and German Centre for Integrative Biodiversity Research (iDiv)
Subjects: Science, [SDE.MCG]Environmental Sciences/Global Changes, Medicine, [SDE.BE]Environmental Sciences/Biodiversity and Ecology, Article, ComputingMilieux_MISCELLANEOUS
Abstract: Models predict that vertical gradients of foliar nitrogen (N) allocation, increasing from bottom to top of plant canopies, emerge as a plastic response to optimise N utilisation for carbon assimilation. While this mechanism has been well documented in monocultures, its relevance for mixed stands of varying species richness remains poorly understood. We used 21 naturally assembled grassland communities to analyse the gradients of N in the canopy using N allocation coefficients (K N ) estimated from the distribution of N per foliar surface area (KN-F) and ground surface area (KN-G). We tested whether: 1) increasing plant species richness leads to more pronounced N gradients as indicated by higher K N -values, 2) K N is a good predictor of instantaneous net ecosystem CO2 exchange and 3) functional diversity of leaf N concentration as estimated by Rao’s Q quadratic diversity metric is a good proxy of K N . Our results show a negative (for KN-G) or no relationship (for KN-F) between species richness and canopy N distribution, but emphasize a link (positive relationship) between more foliar N per ground surface area in the upper layers of the canopy (i.e. under higher KN-G) and ecosystem CO2 uptake. Rao’s Q was not a good proxy for either K N . ISSN:2045-2322
Published: 2017
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17. Endogenous circadian rhythms in pigment composition induce changes in photochemical efficiency in plant canopies

Author: García-Plazaola, José Ignacio, Fernández-Marín, Beatriz, Ferrio, Juan Pedro, Alday, Josu, Hoch, Günter, Landais, Damien, Milcu, Alexandru, Tissue, David, Voltas, Jordi, Gessler, Arthur, Roy, Jacques, Resco de Dios, Víctor, University of Basel (Unibas), Écotron Européen de Montpellier, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Centre d’Ecologie Fonctionnelle et Evolutive (CEFE), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Montpellier (UM)-École pratique des hautes études (EPHE), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Centre international d'études supérieures en sciences agronomiques (Montpellier SupAgro)-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Université Paul-Valéry - Montpellier 3 (UPVM)-Institut national d’études supérieures agronomiques de Montpellier (Montpellier SupAgro), Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (Institut Agro)-Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (Institut Agro)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD [France-Sud]), Western Sydney University, Department of Crop and Forest Sciences, School of Agrifood and Forestry Science and Engineering (ETSEA), University of Lleida-Agrotecnio Center (UdL-Agrotecnio), Leibniz-Zentrum für Agrarlandschaftsforschung = Leibniz Centre for Agricultural Landscape Research (ZALF), Écotron Européen de Montpellier - UPS 3248, Université Paul-Valéry - Montpellier 3 (UM3)-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Centre international d'études supérieures en sciences agronomiques (Montpellier SupAgro)-École pratique des hautes études (EPHE)-Université de Montpellier (UM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD [France-Sud])-Institut national d’études supérieures agronomiques de Montpellier (Montpellier SupAgro), and Western Sydney University (UWS)
Subjects: [SDE.MCG]Environmental Sciences/Global Changes, Electron transport, [SDE]Environmental Sciences, Chlorophyll a/b, [SDE.BE]Environmental Sciences/Biodiversity and Ecology, Photosynthesis, ComputingMilieux_MISCELLANEOUS, Stomata
Abstract: There is increasing evidence that the circadian clock is a signif- icant driver of photosynthesis that becomes apparent when environmental cues are experimentally held constant. We studied whether the composition of photosynthetic pigments is under circadian regulation, and whether pigment oscillations lead to rhythmic changes in photochemical efﬁciency. To address these questions, we maintained canopies of bean and cotton, after an entrainment phase, under constant (light or darkness) conditions for 30–48 h. Photosynthesis and quantum yield peaked at subjective noon, and non-photochemical quenching peaked at night. These oscillations were not associ- ated with parallel changes in carbohydrate content or xantho- phyll cycle activity. W e observed robust oscillations of Chl a/b during constant light in both species, and also under constant darkness in bean, peaking when it would have been night dur- ing the entrainment (subjective nights). These oscillations could be attributed to the synthesis and/or degradation of tri- meric light-harvesting complex II (reﬂected by the rhythmic changes in Chl a/b), with the antenna size minimal at night and maximal around subjective noon. Considering together the oscillations of pigments and photochemistry, the observed pattern of changes is counterintuitive if we assume that the plant strategy is to avoid photodamage, but consistent with a strategy where non-stressed plants maximize photosynthesis. The authors acknowledge the support of the following re- search grants: UPV/EHU-GV IT-624-13 and IT-1018-16 from the Basque Government and CTM2014-53902-C2-2-P from the Spanish Ministry of Economy and Competitiveness (MINECO) and the ERDF (FEDER). This study beneﬁted from the CNRS human and technical resources allocated to the Ecotrons Research Infrastructures as well as from the state allocation ‘Investissement d’Avenir’ ANR-11-INBS- 0001, ExpeER FP7 Transnational Access programme, Ramón y Cajal fellowships (RYC-2012-10970 to V.R.D. and RYC-2008-02050 to J.P.F.), the Erasmus Mundus Master Course Mediterranean Forestry and Natural Resources Management (MEDfOR) and internal grants from UWS- HIE to V.R.D. and ZALF to A.G. EHU postdoctora ellowship and JdC-Incorporation fellowship (IJCI-2014- 22489) to B.F.M. are also acknowledged. We remain indebted to E. Gerardeau, D. Dessauw, J. Jean, P. Prudent (Aïda CIRAD), J.-J. Drevon, C. Pernot (Eco&Sol INRA), B. Buatois, A. Rocheteau (CEFE CNRS), S. Devidal, C. Piel, O. Ravel and the full Ecotron team, J. del Castillo, P. Martín, A. Mokhtar, A. Pra, S. Salekin (UdL), S. García-Muñoz (IMIDRA), Z. Kayler and K. Pirhofer-Walzl (ZALF) for out- standing technical assistance during experiment setup, plant cultivation or subsequent measurements.
Published: 2017
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18. Circadian rhythms regulate the environmental responses of net CO2 exchange in bean and cotton canopies

Author: Zachary Kayler, Jorge del Castillo, Karin Pirhofer-Walzl, Michael Bahn, David T. Tissue, Sonia García-Muñoz, Jacques Roy, Alexandru Milcu, Juan Pedro Ferrio, Serajis Salekin, Clément Piel, Damien Landais, Paula Martín-Gómez, Mark G. Tjoelker, Olivier Ravel, Josu G. Alday, Arthur Gessler, Jordi Voltas, Sébastien Devidal, Víctor Resco de Dios, Leibniz-Zentrum für Agrarlandschaftsforschung = Leibniz Centre for Agricultural Landscape Research (ZALF), Institute of Ecology, Technische Universität Berlin (TUB), Écotron Européen de Montpellier - UPS 3248, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Centre d’Ecologie Fonctionnelle et Evolutive (CEFE), Université Paul-Valéry - Montpellier 3 (UM3)-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Centre international d'études supérieures en sciences agronomiques (Montpellier SupAgro)-École pratique des hautes études (EPHE)-Université de Montpellier (UM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD [France-Sud])-Institut national d’études supérieures agronomiques de Montpellier (Montpellier SupAgro), Western Sydney University (UWS), Department of Crop and Forest Sciences, School of Agrifood and Forestry Science and Engineering (ETSEA), University of Lleida-Agrotecnio Center (UdL-Agrotecnio), Technische Universität Berlin (TU), Écotron Européen de Montpellier, Université Paul-Valéry - Montpellier 3 (UPVM)-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Centre international d'études supérieures en sciences agronomiques (Montpellier SupAgro)-École pratique des hautes études (EPHE), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université de Montpellier (UM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD [France-Sud])-Institut national d’études supérieures agronomiques de Montpellier (Montpellier SupAgro), Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (Institut Agro)-Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (Institut Agro), and Western Sydney University
Subjects: 0106 biological sciences, 0301 basic medicine, Canopy, Atmospheric Science, Stomatal conductance, Vapour Pressure Deficit, [SDE.MCG]Environmental Sciences/Global Changes, ved/biology.organism_classification_rank.species, Circadian clock, Biology, Photosynthesis, 01 natural sciences, Shrub, 03 medical and health sciences, Climate change, Ecosystem, Circadian rhythm, Molecular controls, ComputingMilieux_MISCELLANEOUS, 2. Zero hunger, Global and Planetary Change, ved/biology, Ecology, Forestry, 15. Life on land, 030104 developmental biology, Biosphere-atmosphere interactions, [SDE.BE]Environmental Sciences/Biodiversity and Ecology, Agronomy and Crop Science, 010606 plant biology & botany
Abstract: Studies on the dependence of the rates of ecosystem gas exchange on environmental parameters often rely on the up-scaling of leaf-level response curves ('bottom-up' approach), and/or the down-scaling of ecosystem fluxes ('top-down' approach), where one takes advantage of the natural diurnal covariation between the parameter of interest and photosynthesis rates. Partly independent from environmental variation, molecular circadian clocks drive ∼24 h oscillations in leaf-level photosynthesis, stomatal conductance and other physiological processes in plants under controlled laboratory conditions. If present and of sufficient magnitude at ecosystem scales, circadian regulation could lead to different results when using the bottom-up approach (where circadian regulation exerts a negligible influence over fluxes because the environment is modified rapidly) relative to the top-down approach (where circadian regulation could affect fluxes as it requires the passage of a few hours). Here we dissected the drivers of diurnal net CO2 exchange in canopies of an annual herb (bean) and of a perennial shrub (cotton) through a set of experimental manipulations to test for the importance of circadian regulation of net canopy CO2 exchange, relative to that of temperature and vapor pressure deficit, and to understand whether circadian regulation could affect the derivation of environmental flux dependencies. Contrary to conventional wisdom, we observed how circadian regulation exerted controls over net CO2 exchange that were of similar magnitude to the controls exerted by direct physiological responses to temperature and vapor pressure deficit. Diurnal patterns of net CO2 exchange could only be explained by considering effects of environmental responses combined with circadian effects. Consequently, we observed significantly different results when inferring the dependence of photosynthesis over temperature and vapor pressure deficit when using the top-down and the bottom up approaches. We remain indebted to E. Gerardeau, D. Dessauw, J. Jean, P. Prudent (Aïda CIRAD), J.-J. Drevon, C. Pernot (Eco&Sol INRA), B. Buatois, A. Rocheteau (CEFE CNRS), A. Pra, A. Mokhtar and the full Ecotron team, in particular C. Escape, for outstanding technical assistance during experiment set-up, plant cultivation and measurements. Earlier versions of the manuscript benefitted from comments by M. Dietze, B. Medlyn, R. Duursma and Y.-S. Lin. This study benefited from the CNRS human and technical resources allocated to the ECOTRONS Research Infrastructures as well as from the state allocation ‘Investissement d'Avenir’ ANR-11-INBS-0001, ExpeER Transnational Access program, Ramón y Cajal fellowships (RYC-2012-10970 to VRD and RYC-2008-02050 to JPF), the Erasmus Mundus Master Course Mediterranean Forestry and Natural Resources Management (MEDfOR) and internal grants from UWS-HIE to VRD and ZALF to AG. We thank the Associate Editor T. Vesala and two anonymous reviewers for their help to improve this manuscript.
Published: 2017
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19. Biodiversity effects on ecosystem functioning in a 15-year grassland experiment: Patterns, mechanisms, and open questions

Author: Pascal A. Niklaus, Anke Hildebrandt, Gerd Gleixner, Sebastian T. Meyer, Jacques Roy, Christoph Scherber, Wolfgang Wilcke, Guangjuan Luo, Teja Tscharntke, Sophia Leimer, Christine Fischer, Helmut Hillebrand, François Buscot, Stefan Halle, Eric Allan, Markus Lange, Stefan Scheu, Michael Wachendorf, Alexandru Milcu, Hans de Kroon, Christof Engels, Christian Wirth, Wolfgang W. Weisser, Liesje Mommer, Romain L. Barnard, Raphaël Proulx, Arthur Gessler, Xavier Le Roux, Christiane Roscher, Anne Ebeling, Markus Fischer, Ernst Detlef Schulze, Michael Scherer-Lorenzen, Nina Buchmann, Cameron Wagg, Holger Beßler, Bernhard Schmid, Alexandra Weigelt, Nico Eisenhauer, Yvonne Oelmann, Technische Universität Munchen - Université Technique de Munich [Munich, Allemagne] (TUM), German Center for Integrative Biodiversity Research (iDiv) Halle-Jena- Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany, University of Bern, Agroécologie [Dijon], Université de Bourgogne (UB)-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Université Bourgogne Franche-Comté [COMUE] (UBFC)-AgroSup Dijon - Institut National Supérieur des Sciences Agronomiques, de l'Alimentation et de l'Environnement, Institute of Agricultural Sciences [Zürich], Eidgenössische Technische Hochschule - Swiss Federal Institute of Technology [Zürich] (ETH Zürich), Synthetic and Systems Biology Unit [Szeged], Biological Research Centre [Szeged] (BRC), Chemistry, University of Hamburg, Institute of Food Chemistry, Universität Hamburg (UHH)-Universität Hamburg (UHH), Leibniz-Zentrum für Agrarlandschaftsforschung = Leibniz Centre for Agricultural Landscape Research (ZALF), Max Planck Institute for Biogeochemistry (MPI-BGC), Max-Planck-Gesellschaft, Chair of Hydrogeology, Institute for Geosciences, Friedrich-Schiller-Universität = Friedrich Schiller University Jena [Jena, Germany], Laboratoire d'Ecologie Microbienne - UMR 5557 (LEM), Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1 (UCBL), Université de Lyon-Université de Lyon-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-VetAgro Sup - Institut national d'enseignement supérieur et de recherche en alimentation, santé animale, sciences agronomiques et de l'environnement (VAS)-Ecole Nationale Vétérinaire de Lyon (ENVL), Centre d’Ecologie Fonctionnelle et Evolutive (CEFE), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Montpellier (UM)-École pratique des hautes études (EPHE), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Centre international d'études supérieures en sciences agronomiques (Montpellier SupAgro)-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Université Paul-Valéry - Montpellier 3 (UPVM)-Institut national d’études supérieures agronomiques de Montpellier (Montpellier SupAgro), Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (Institut Agro)-Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (Institut Agro)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD [France-Sud]), Université du Québec à Trois-Rivières (UQTR), Écotron Européen de Montpellier, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Agroecology, DNPW, Georg-August-University [Göttingen], Faculty of Biology/Geobotany, University of Freiburg [Freiburg], Johann-Friedrich Blumenbach Institut für Zoologie und Anthropologie, German Centre for Integrative Biodiversity Research (iDiv), Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), Institut für Biologie I, Universität Leipzig [Leipzig], Department Biogeochemical Processes [Jena], Max-Planck-Gesellschaft-Max-Planck-Gesellschaft, Institute of Evolutionary Biology and Environmental Studies, Zurich University, German Centre for Integrative Biodiversity Research (iDiv) Halle-Jena-Leipzig, Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft [FOR 456, FOR 1451], Swiss National Science Foundation (SNF) [FOR 456, FOR 1451], Friedrich Schiller University Jena, Max Planck Institute for Biogeochemistry Jena, International Max Planck Research School for Global Biogeochemical Cycles (IMPRS-gBGC), Technische Universitat Munchen, Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Université de Bourgogne (UB)-AgroSup Dijon - Institut National Supérieur des Sciences Agronomiques, de l'Alimentation et de l'Environnement-Université Bourgogne Franche-Comté [COMUE] (UBFC), Eidgenössische Technische Hochschule - Swiss Federal Institute of Technology in Zürich [Zürich] (ETH Zürich), Friedrich-Schiller-Universität Jena, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Ecole Nationale Vétérinaire de Lyon (ENVL)-Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1 (UCBL), Université de Lyon-Université de Lyon-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-VetAgro Sup - Institut national d'enseignement supérieur et de recherche en alimentation, santé animale, sciences agronomiques et de l'environnement (VAS), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD [France-Sud])-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-École pratique des hautes études (EPHE)-Université de Montpellier (UM)-Institut national d’études supérieures agronomiques de Montpellier (Montpellier SupAgro)-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Centre international d'études supérieures en sciences agronomiques (Montpellier SupAgro)-Université Paul-Valéry - Montpellier 3 (UM3), Écotron Européen de Montpellier - UPS 3248, Albert Ludwigs University, Georg-August-Universität Göttingen, Weisser, Wolfgang W., Université de Lyon-Université de Lyon-Ecole Nationale Vétérinaire de Lyon (ENVL)-VetAgro Sup - Institut national d'enseignement supérieur et de recherche en alimentation, santé animale, sciences agronomiques et de l'environnement (VAS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Université Paul-Valéry - Montpellier 3 (UPVM)-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Centre international d'études supérieures en sciences agronomiques (Montpellier SupAgro)-École Pratique des Hautes Études (EPHE), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université de Montpellier (UM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD [France-Sud])-Institut national d’études supérieures agronomiques de Montpellier (Montpellier SupAgro), Georg-August-University = Georg-August-Universität Göttingen, and Universität Leipzig
Subjects: 0106 biological sciences, Geography & travel, Biodiversité et Ecologie, [SDE.MCG]Environmental Sciences/Global Changes, Biodiversity, Plant Ecology and Nature Conservation, Complementarity, Biology, 580 Plants (Botany), 010603 evolutionary biology, 01 natural sciences, Selection effect, Biomass, Nutrient cycling, Carbon storage, Multi-trophic interactions, Ecosystem engineer, Ecosystem services, Biodiversity and Ecology, Ecosystem, Ecosystem diversity, GeneralLiterature_REFERENCE(e.g.,dictionaries,encyclopedias,glossaries), Ecology, Evolution, Behavior and Systematics, ComputingMilieux_MISCELLANEOUS, ddc:910, 2. Zero hunger, Biomass (ecology), Ecology, Plant Ecology, food and beverages, 04 agricultural and veterinary sciences, Body size and species richness, 15. Life on land, PE&RC, ddc, 13. Climate action, [SDE]Environmental Sciences, 040103 agronomy & agriculture, Selectioneffect, Nutrientcycling, Carbonstorage, Multi-trophicinteractions, 0401 agriculture, forestry, and fisheries, Plantenecologie en Natuurbeheer, Species richness, [SDE.BE]Environmental Sciences/Biodiversity and Ecology
Abstract: In the past two decades, a large number of studies have investigated the relationship between biodiversity and ecosystem functioning, most of which focussed on a limited set of ecosystem variables. The Jena Experiment was set up in 2002 to investigate the effects of plant diversity on element cycling and trophic interactions, using a multi-disciplinary approach. Here, we review the results of 15 years of research in the Jena Experiment, focussing on the effects of manipulating plant species richness and plant functional richness. With more than 85,000 measures taken from the plant diversity plots, the Jena Experiment has allowed answering fundamental questions important for functional biodiversity research.[br/] First, the question was how general the effect of plant species richness is, regarding the many different processes that take place in an ecosystem. About 45% of different types of ecosystem processes measured in the 'main experiment', where plant species richness ranged from 1 to 60 species, were significantly affected by plant species richness, providing strong support for the view that biodiversity is a significant driver of ecosystem functioning. Many measures were not saturating at the 60-species level, but increased linearly with the logarithm of species richness. There was, however, great variability in the strength of response among different processes. One striking pattern was that many processes, in particular belowground processes, took several years to respond to the manipulation of plant species richness, showing that biodiversity experiments have to be long-term, to distinguish trends from transitory patterns. In addition, the results from the Jena Experiment provide further evidence that diversity begets stability, for example stability against invasion of plant species, but unexpectedly some results also suggested the opposite, e.g. when plant communities experience severe perturbations or elevated resource availability. This highlights the need to revisit diversity-stability theory.[br/] Second, we explored whether individual plant species or individual plant functional groups, or biodiversity itself is more important for ecosystem functioning, in particular biomass production. We found strong effects of individual species and plant functional groups on biomass production, yet these effects mostly occurred in addition to, but not instead of, effects of plant species richness.[br/] Third, the Jena Experiment assessed the effect of diversity on multitrophic interactions. The diversity of most organisms responded positively to increases in plant species richness, and the effect was stronger for above-than for belowground organisms, and stronger for herbivores than for carnivores or detritivores. Thus, diversity begets diversity. In addition, the effect on organismic diversity was stronger than the effect on species abundances.[br/] Fourth, the Jena Experiment aimed to assess the effect of diversity on N, P and C cycling and the water balance of the plots, separating between element input into the ecosystem, element turnover, element stocks, and output from the ecosystem. While inputs were generally less affected by plant species richness, measures of element stocks, turnover and output were often positively affected by plant diversity, e.g. carbon storage strongly increased with increasing plant species richness. Variables of the N cycle responded less strongly to plant species richness than variables of the C cycle.[br/] Fifth, plant traits are often used to unravel mechanisms underlying the biodiversity-ecosystem functioning relationship. In the Jena Experiment, most investigated plant traits, both above-and belowground, were plastic and trait expression depended on plant diversity in a complex way, suggesting limitation to using database traits for linking plant traits to particular functions.[br/] Sixth, plant diversity effects on ecosystem processes are often caused by plant diversity effects on species interactions. Analyses in the Jena Experiment including structural equation modelling suggest complex interactions that changed with diversity, e.g. soil carbon storage and greenhouse gas emission were affected by changes in the composition and activity of the belowground microbial community. Manipulation experiments, in which particular organisms, e.g. belowground invertebrates, were excluded from plots in split-plot experiments, supported the important role of the biotic component for element and water fluxes.[br/] Seventh, the Jena Experiment aimed to put the results into the context of agricultural practices in managed grasslands. The effect of increasing plant species richness from 1 to 16 species on plant biomass was, in absolute terms, as strong as the effect of a more intensive grassland management, using fertiliser and increasing mowing frequency. Potential bioenergy production from high-diversity plots was similar to that of conventionally used energy crops. These results suggest that diverse 'High Nature Value Grasslands' are multifunctional and can deliver a range of ecosystem services including production-related services.[br/] A final task was to assess the importance of potential artefacts in biodiversity-ecosystem functioning relationships, caused by the weeding of the plant community to maintain plant species composition. While the effort ( in hours) needed to weed a plot was often negatively related to plant species richness, species richness still affected the majority of ecosystem variables. Weeding also did not negatively affect monoculture performance; rather, monocultures deteriorated over time for a number of biological reasons, as shown in plant-soil feedback experiments.[br/] To summarize, the Jena Experiment has allowed for a comprehensive analysis of the functional role of biodiversity in an ecosystem. A main challenge for future biodiversity research is to increase our mechanistic understanding of why the magnitude of biodiversity effects differs among processes and contexts. It is likely that there will be no simple answer. For example, among the multitude of mechanisms suggested to underlie the positive plant species richness effect on biomass, some have received limited support in the Jena Experiment, such as vertical root niche partitioning. However, others could not be rejected in targeted analyses. Thus, from the current results in the Jena Experiment, it seems likely that the positive biodiversity effect results from several mechanisms acting simultaneously in more diverse communities, such as reduced pathogen attack, the presence of more plant growth promoting organisms, less seed limitation, and increased trait differences leading to complementarity in resource uptake. Distinguishing between different mechanisms requires careful testing of competing hypotheses. Biodiversity research has matured such that predictive approaches testing particular mechanisms are now possible.
Published: 2017
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20. Functional composition has stronger impact than species richness on carbon gain and allocation in experimental grasslands

Author: Markus Lange, Damien Landais, Tanja Strecker, Arthur Gessler, Stefan Karlowsky, Olivier Ravel, Annette Jesch, Perla Griselle Mellado-Vázquez, Nina Buchmann, Christiane Roscher, Dörte Bachmann, Alexandru Milcu, Jacques Roy, Gerd Gleixner, Centre d’Ecologie Fonctionnelle et Evolutive (CEFE), Université Paul-Valéry - Montpellier 3 (UPVM)-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Centre international d'études supérieures en sciences agronomiques (Montpellier SupAgro)-École Pratique des Hautes Études (EPHE), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université de Montpellier (UM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD [France-Sud])-Institut national d’études supérieures agronomiques de Montpellier (Montpellier SupAgro), Écotron Européen de Montpellier, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Inst Landscape Biogeochem, Leibniz-Zentrum für Agrarlandschaftsforschung = Leibniz Centre for Agricultural Landscape Research (ZALF), Institute of Agricultural Sciences [Zürich], Eidgenössische Technische Hochschule - Swiss Federal Institute of Technology [Zürich] (ETH Zürich), Max Planck Institute for Biogeochemistry (MPI-BGC), Max-Planck-Gesellschaft, Université Paul-Valéry - Montpellier 3 (UM3)-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Centre international d'études supérieures en sciences agronomiques (Montpellier SupAgro)-École pratique des hautes études (EPHE)-Université de Montpellier (UM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD [France-Sud])-Institut national d’études supérieures agronomiques de Montpellier (Montpellier SupAgro), Écotron Européen de Montpellier - UPS 3248, Eidgenössische Technische Hochschule - Swiss Federal Institute of Technology in Zürich [Zürich] (ETH Zürich), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Montpellier (UM)-École pratique des hautes études (EPHE), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Centre international d'études supérieures en sciences agronomiques (Montpellier SupAgro)-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Université Paul-Valéry - Montpellier 3 (UPVM)-Institut national d’études supérieures agronomiques de Montpellier (Montpellier SupAgro), and Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (Institut Agro)-Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (Institut Agro)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD [France-Sud])
Subjects: 0106 biological sciences, Canopy, Leaves, Sucrose, Biodiversity, Plant Science, Disaccharides, Biochemistry, 01 natural sciences, Starches, Grassland, Soil, chemistry.chemical_compound, Biomass, Photosynthesis, ComputingMilieux_MISCELLANEOUS, Carbon Isotopes, 0303 health sciences, Biomass (ecology), Multidisciplinary, geography.geographical_feature_category, Ecology, Organic Compounds, Plant Biochemistry, Plant Anatomy, food and beverages, Chemistry, Physical Sciences, Shoot, [SDE]Environmental Sciences, Medicine, Research Article, Stomatal conductance, Ecological Metrics, Nitrogen, Science, Carbohydrates, Biology, Poaceae, complex mixtures, 010603 evolutionary biology, Species diversity, 03 medical and health sciences, Nitrogen cycle, 030304 developmental biology, geography, Ecology and Environmental Sciences, Organic Chemistry, Chemical Compounds, Biology and Life Sciences, Species Diversity, 15. Life on land, Plant Leaves, chemistry, Agronomy, Species richness, [SDE.BE]Environmental Sciences/Biodiversity and Ecology, Sugars, 010606 plant biology & botany
Abstract: Numerous experiments have shown positive diversity effects on plant productivity, but little is known about related processes of carbon gain and allocation. We investigated these processes in a controlled environment (Montpellier European Ecotron) applying a continuous 13CO2 label for three weeks to 12 soil-vegetation monoliths originating from a grassland biodiversity experiment (Jena Experiment) and representing two diversity levels (4 and 16 sown species). Plant species richness did not affect community- and species-level 13C abundances neither in total biomass nor in non-structural carbohydrates (NSC). Community-level 13C excess tended to be higher in the 16-species than in the 4-species mixtures. Community-level 13C excess was positively related to canopy leaf nitrogen (N), i.e. leaf N per unit soil surface. At the species level shoot 13C abundances varied among plant functional groups and were larger in legumes and tall herbs than in grasses and small herbs and correlated positively with traits as leaf N concentrations, stomatal conductance and shoot height. The 13C abundances in NSC were larger in transport sugars (sucrose, raffinose-family oligosaccharides) than in free glucose, fructose and compounds of the storage pool (starch) suggesting that newly assimilated carbon is to a small portion allocated to storage. Our results emphasize that the functional composition of communities is key in explaining carbon assimilation in grasslands.
Published: 2019
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21. Circadian rhythms have significant effects on leaf-to-canopy scale gas exchange under field conditions

Author: Karin Pirhofer-Walzl, Clément Piel, Damien Landais, Michael Bahn, Juan Pedro Ferrio, Sébastien Devidal, Paula Martín-Gómez, Josu G. Alday, Sonia García-Muñoz, Jorge del Castillo, David T. Tissue, Mark G. Tjoelker, Serajis Salekin, Alexandru Milcu, Jordi Voltas, Arthur Gessler, Olivier Ravel, Zachary Kayler, Jacques Roy, Víctor Resco de Dios, Leibniz-Zentrum für Agrarlandschaftsforschung = Leibniz Centre for Agricultural Landscape Research (ZALF), Institute of Ecology, Technische Universität Berlin (TUB), Écotron Européen de Montpellier - UPS 3248, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Centre d’Ecologie Fonctionnelle et Evolutive (CEFE), Université Paul-Valéry - Montpellier 3 (UM3)-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Centre international d'études supérieures en sciences agronomiques (Montpellier SupAgro)-École pratique des hautes études (EPHE)-Université de Montpellier (UM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD [France-Sud])-Institut national d’études supérieures agronomiques de Montpellier (Montpellier SupAgro), Western Sydney University (UWS), Department of Crop and Forest Sciences, School of Agrifood and Forestry Science and Engineering (ETSEA), University of Lleida-Agrotecnio Center (UdL-Agrotecnio), Technische Universität Berlin (TU), Écotron Européen de Montpellier, Université Paul-Valéry - Montpellier 3 (UPVM)-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Centre international d'études supérieures en sciences agronomiques (Montpellier SupAgro)-École pratique des hautes études (EPHE), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université de Montpellier (UM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD [France-Sud])-Institut national d’études supérieures agronomiques de Montpellier (Montpellier SupAgro), Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (Institut Agro)-Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (Institut Agro), Western Sydney University, Technical University of Berlin / Technische Universität Berlin (TU), and Université Paul-Valéry - Montpellier 3 (UPVM)-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Centre international d'études supérieures en sciences agronomiques (Montpellier SupAgro)-École Pratique des Hautes Études (EPHE)
Subjects: 0106 biological sciences, 0301 basic medicine, Canopy, Perennial plant, ved/biology.organism_classification_rank.species, Circadian clock, Ecological memory, Atmospheric sciences, 01 natural sciences, Shrub, Stomatal conductance models, Photosynthesis, ComputingMilieux_MISCELLANEOUS, Transpiration, Phaseolus, Ecology, CARBON-DIOXIDE EXCHANGE, food and beverages, ARABIDOPSIS, Computer Science Applications, Circadian Rhythm, Multidisciplinary Sciences, [SDE]Environmental Sciences, Science & Technology - Other Topics, GROWTH, Net ecosystem exchange, Entrainment (chronobiology), Stomatal conductance, ASSIMILATION, [SDE.MCG]Environmental Sciences/Global Changes, STOMATAL CONDUCTANCE, Health Informatics, Biology, Scaling, 03 medical and health sciences, Circadian Clocks, PLANTS, Circadian rhythm, Ecosystem, Gossypium, Science & Technology, ved/biology, Research, Water, Carbon Dioxide, WATER-USE, ATMOSPHERE, Plant Leaves, 030104 developmental biology, Plant Stomata, [SDE.BE]Environmental Sciences/Biodiversity and Ecology, 010606 plant biology & botany
Abstract: Background Molecular clocks drive oscillations in leaf photosynthesis, stomatal conductance, and other cell and leaf-level processes over ~24 h under controlled laboratory conditions. The influence of such circadian regulation over whole-canopy fluxes remains uncertain; diurnal CO2 and H2O vapor flux dynamics in the field are currently interpreted as resulting almost exclusively from direct physiological responses to variations in light, temperature and other environmental factors. We tested whether circadian regulation would affect plant and canopy gas exchange at the Montpellier European Ecotron. Canopy and leaf-level fluxes were constantly monitored under field-like environmental conditions, and under constant environmental conditions (no variation in temperature, radiation, or other environmental cues). Results We show direct experimental evidence at canopy scales of the circadian regulation of daytime gas exchange: 20–79 % of the daily variation range in CO2 and H2O fluxes occurred under circadian entrainment in canopies of an annual herb (bean) and of a perennial shrub (cotton). We also observed that considering circadian regulation improved performance by 8–17 % in commonly used stomatal conductance models. Conclusions Our results show that circadian controls affect diurnal CO2 and H2O flux patterns in entire canopies in field-like conditions, and its consideration significantly improves model performance. Circadian controls act as a ‘memory’ of the past conditions experienced by the plant, which synchronizes metabolism across entire plant canopies. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (doi:10.1186/s13742-016-0149-y) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
Published: 2016
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22. Un ensemble coordonné de plateformes ouvertes la recherche internationale en écotoxicologie : Analyse et Expérimentation sur les Ecosystèmes – France

Author: Mougin, Christian, Azam, Didier, Caquet, Thierry, Cheviron, Nathalie, Dequiedt, Samuel, Le Galliard, Jean-François, Guillaume, Olivier, Houot, Sabine, Lacroix, Gérard, Lafolie, Francois, Maron, Pierre-Alain, Michniewicz, Radika, Pichot, Christian, Ranjard, Lionel, Roy, Jacques, Zeller, Bernhard, Clobert, Jean, Chanzy, Andre, Ecologie fonctionnelle et écotoxicologie des agroécosystèmes (ECOSYS), Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-AgroParisTech, Unité d'Ecologie et Ecotoxicologie Aquatiques (UEEA), Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA), Département Ecologie des Forêts, Prairies et milieux Aquatiques (DEPT EFPA), Agroécologie [Dijon], Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Université de Bourgogne (UB)-AgroSup Dijon - Institut National Supérieur des Sciences Agronomiques, de l'Alimentation et de l'Environnement, Laboratoire des interactions plantes micro-organismes (LIPM), Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Amélioration génétique et adaptation des plantes méditerranéennes et tropicales (UMR AGAP), Centre de Coopération Internationale en Recherche Agronomique pour le Développement (Cirad)-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Centre international d'études supérieures en sciences agronomiques (Montpellier SupAgro)-Institut national d’études supérieures agronomiques de Montpellier (Montpellier SupAgro), Institut d'écologie et des sciences de l'environnement de Paris (iEES), Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)-Université Paris-Est Créteil Val-de-Marne - Paris 12 (UPEC UP12)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Environnement Méditerranéen et Modélisation des Agro-Hydrosystèmes (EMMAH), Avignon Université (AU)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE), Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université de Toulouse (UT), Ecologie des Forêts Méditerranéennes (URFM), Écotron Européen de Montpellier, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Interactions Sol Plante Atmosphère (UMR ISPA), Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Ecole Nationale Supérieure des Sciences Agronomiques de Bordeaux-Aquitaine (Bordeaux Sciences Agro), Station d'écologie théorique et expérimentale (SETE), Université de Toulouse (UT)-Université de Toulouse (UT)-Observatoire Midi-Pyrénées (OMP), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université de Toulouse (UT)-Université de Toulouse (UT)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Météo-France -Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Météo-France -Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Ecologie fonctionnelle et écotoxicologie des agroécosystèmes ( ECOSYS ), Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique ( INRA ) -AgroParisTech, Unité d'Ecologie et Ecotoxicologie Aquatiques ( UEEA ), Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique ( INRA ), Département Ecologie des Forêts, Prairies et milieux Aquatiques ( DEPT EFPA ), Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique ( INRA ) -Université de Bourgogne ( UB ) -AgroSup Dijon - Institut National Supérieur des Sciences Agronomiques, de l'Alimentation et de l'Environnement-Université Bourgogne Franche-Comté ( UBFC ), Interactions plantes-microorganismes et santé végétale, Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique ( INRA ) -Université Nice Sophia Antipolis ( UNS ), Université Côte d'Azur ( UCA ) -Université Côte d'Azur ( UCA ) -Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique ( CNRS ), Amélioration génétique et adaptation des plantes méditerranéennes et tropicales ( UMR AGAP ), Institut national de la recherche agronomique [Montpellier] ( INRA Montpellier ) -Centre international d'études supérieures en sciences agronomiques ( Montpellier SupAgro ) -Centre de Coopération Internationale en Recherche Agronomique pour le Développement ( CIRAD ) -Institut national d’études supérieures agronomiques de Montpellier ( Montpellier SupAgro ), Institut d'écologie et des sciences de l'environnement de Paris ( IEES ), Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique ( INRA ) -Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 ( UPMC ) -Université Paris-Est Créteil Val-de-Marne - Paris 12 ( UPEC UP12 ) -Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique ( CNRS ), Environnement Méditerranéen et Modélisation des Agro-Hydrosystèmes ( EMMAH ), Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique ( INRA ) -Université d'Avignon et des Pays de Vaucluse ( UAPV ), Université Paul Sabatier - Toulouse 3 ( UPS ), Ecologie des Forêts Méditerranéennes ( URFM 629 ), UPS 3248, Écotron Européen de Montpellier - Baillarguet, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique ( CNRS ), Interactions Sol Plante Atmosphère ( ISPA ), Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique ( INRA ) -Ecole Nationale Supérieure des Sciences Agronomiques de Bordeaux-Aquitaine ( Bordeaux Sciences Agro ), CNRS, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique - MNHN - CNRS - USR 2936, Station d’Ecologie Expérimentale, Moulis, France, Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Université de Bourgogne (UB)-AgroSup Dijon - Institut National Supérieur des Sciences Agronomiques, de l'Alimentation et de l'Environnement-Université Bourgogne Franche-Comté [COMUE] (UBFC), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA), Institut national d’études supérieures agronomiques de Montpellier (Montpellier SupAgro)-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Centre de Coopération Internationale en Recherche Agronomique pour le Développement (Cirad)-Centre international d'études supérieures en sciences agronomiques (Montpellier SupAgro), Institut d'écologie et des sciences de l'environnement de Paris (IEES), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Paris-Est Créteil Val-de-Marne - Paris 12 (UPEC UP12)-Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées, Ecologie des Forêts Méditerranéennes [Avignon] (URFM 629), Écotron Européen de Montpellier - UPS 3248, Interactions Sol Plante Atmosphère (ISPA), Station d’Ecologie Expérimentale du CNRS à Moulis (SEEM), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Institut national d’études supérieures agronomiques de Montpellier (Montpellier SupAgro), Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (Institut Agro)-Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (Institut Agro)-Centre international d'études supérieures en sciences agronomiques (Montpellier SupAgro)-Centre de Coopération Internationale en Recherche Agronomique pour le Développement (Cirad), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Observatoire Midi-Pyrénées (OMP), Météo France-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Météo France-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Observatoire Midi-Pyrénées (OMP), and Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Météo-France -Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Météo-France -Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)
Subjects: [ SDV ] Life Sciences [q-bio], [SDV]Life Sciences [q-bio]
Abstract: Un ensemble coordonné de plateformes ouvertes la recherche internationale en écotoxicologie : Analyse et Expérimentation sur les Ecosystèmes – France. Colloque « Construire le réseau ANTIOPES 2.0 - La toxicologie et l’écotoxicologie prédictives : de l’appliqué à l’opérationnel »
Published: 2016

23. Natural genetic variation underlying the negative effect of elevated CO2 on ionome composition in Arabidopsis thaliana

Author: Cassan, Oceane, Pimpare, Lea-Lou, Timothy, Mozzanino, Fizames, Cecile, Devidal, Sebastien, Roux, Fabrice, Milcu, Alexandru, Lebre, Sophie, Gojon, Alain, Martin, Antoine, Institut des Sciences des Plantes de Montpellier (IPSIM), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE)-Institut Agro Montpellier, Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (Institut Agro)-Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (Institut Agro)-Université de Montpellier (UM), Écotron Européen de Montpellier, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Laboratoire des Interactions Plantes Microbes Environnement (LIPME), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE), Centre d’Ecologie Fonctionnelle et Evolutive (CEFE), Université Paul-Valéry - Montpellier 3 (UPVM)-École Pratique des Hautes Études (EPHE), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD [France-Sud])-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE)-Institut Agro Montpellier, Institut Montpelliérain Alexander Grothendieck (IMAG), and Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Montpellier (UM)
Subjects: [SDV]Life Sciences [q-bio], [SDV.BV]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Vegetal Biology
Abstract: The elevation of atmospheric CO2 leads to a decline in the plant mineral content, which poses a major threat to food security in the coming decades. To date, very few genes have been identified as having a role in the negative effect of elevated CO2 on plant mineral composition. Yet, several studies have shown a certain degree of diversity in the ionome's response to elevated CO2, associated with genotypic variation. This suggests the existence of genetic factors controlling the effect of CO2 on ionome composition. However, no large-scale studies have been carried out to date to explore the genetic diversity of the ionome responses to elevated CO2. Here, we used six hundred Arabidopsis thaliana accessions, representing geographical distributions ranging from worldwide to regional and local environments, to analyze the natural genetic variation underlying the negative effect of elevated CO2 on the ionome composition in plants. We show that the growth under elevated CO2 leads to a global and important decrease of the ionome content whatever the geographic distribution of the population. We also observed a high range of genetic diversity in the response of the ionome composition to elevated CO2, and we identified sub-populations, showing effects on their ionome ranging from the most pronounced to resilience or even to a benefit in response to elevated CO2. Using genome-wide association mapping on the response of each mineral element to elevated CO2 or on integrative traits, we identified a large set of QTLs and genes associated with the ionome response to elevated CO2. Finally, we demonstrate that manipulating the function of one of these genes can mitigate the negative effect of elevated CO2 on the plant mineral composition. Therefore, this resource will contribute to understand the genetic mechanisms underlying the negative effect of elevated CO2 on the mineral composition of plants, and to the development of biofortified crops adapted to a high-CO2 world.
Published: 2023

24. Earthworms do not increase greenhouse gas emissions (CO2 and N2O) in an ecotron experiment simulating a realistic three-crop rotation system

Author: Forey, Oswaldo, Sauze, Joana, Piel, Clément, Gritti, Emmanuel, Devidal, Sébastien, Faez, Abdelaziz, Ravel, Olivier, Nahmani, Johanne, Rouch, Laly, Blouin, Manuel, Pérès, Guénola, Capowiez, Yvan, Roy, Jacques, Milcu, Alexandru, Écotron Européen de Montpellier, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Centre d’Ecologie Fonctionnelle et Evolutive (CEFE), Université Paul-Valéry - Montpellier 3 (UPVM)-École Pratique des Hautes Études (EPHE), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD [France-Sud])-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE)-Institut Agro Montpellier, Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (Institut Agro)-Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (Institut Agro)-Université de Montpellier (UM), Agroécologie [Dijon], Université de Bourgogne (UB)-Université Bourgogne Franche-Comté [COMUE] (UBFC)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE)-Institut Agro Dijon, Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (Institut Agro)-Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (Institut Agro), Sol Agro et hydrosystème Spatialisation (SAS), Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE)-Institut Agro Rennes Angers, Environnement Méditerranéen et Modélisation des Agro-Hydrosystèmes (EMMAH), and Avignon Université (AU)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE)
Subjects: [SDV.BA.ZI]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Animal biology/Invertebrate Zoology, controlled environment, nitrous oxide, endogeic, anecic, [SDV.SA.AGRO]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Agricultural sciences/Agronomy, carbon dioxide, ecosystem fluxes, soil fauna, Lumbricidae
Abstract: measurements. To address this, we conducted a two-year study using large lysimeters in an ecotron facility, continuously measuring ecosystem-level CO 2 , N 2 O, and H 2 O fluxes. We investigated the impact of endogeic and anecic earthworms on GHG emissions and ecosystem water use efficiency (WUE) in an agricultural setting. Although we observed transient stimulations of carbon fluxes in the presence of earthworms, cumulative fluxes over the study indicated no significant increase in CO 2 emissions. Endogeic earthworms marginally reduced N 2 O emissions during the wheat culture (-44.6%), but this effect was not sustained throughout the experiment. No consistent effects on ecosystem evapotranspiration or WUE were found. Our study suggests that earthworms do not significantly contribute to GHG emissions over a two-year period in experimental conditions that mimic an agricultural setting. These findings highlight the need for realistic experiments enabling continuous GHG measurements.
Published: 2023

25. Functional dissimilarity across trophic levels as a driver of soil processes in a Mediterranean decomposer system exposed to two moisture levels

Author: Jean-Francois David, Jacques Roy, Jordane Gavinet, Alexandre Clet, Sébastien Devidal, Nathalie Fromin, Mathieu Coulis, Stephan Hättenschwiler, Ecologie fonctionnelle et biogéochimie des sols et des agro-écosystèmes (UMR Eco&Sols), Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Centre de Coopération Internationale en Recherche Agronomique pour le Développement (Cirad)-Centre international d'études supérieures en sciences agronomiques (Montpellier SupAgro)-Institut national d’études supérieures agronomiques de Montpellier (Montpellier SupAgro), Centre d’Ecologie Fonctionnelle et Evolutive (CEFE), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD [France-Sud])-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-École pratique des hautes études (EPHE)-Université de Montpellier (UM)-Institut national d’études supérieures agronomiques de Montpellier (Montpellier SupAgro)-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Centre international d'études supérieures en sciences agronomiques (Montpellier SupAgro)-Université Paul-Valéry - Montpellier 3 (UM3), Procédés, Matériaux et Energie Solaire (PROMES), Université de Perpignan Via Domitia (UPVD)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Institut méditerranéen de biodiversité et d'écologie marine et continentale (IMBE), Avignon Université (AU)-Aix Marseille Université (AMU)-Institut de recherche pour le développement [IRD] : UMR237-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Écotron Européen de Montpellier - UPS 3248, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Institut national d’études supérieures agronomiques de Montpellier (Montpellier SupAgro), Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (Institut Agro)-Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (Institut Agro)-Centre international d'études supérieures en sciences agronomiques (Montpellier SupAgro)-Centre de Coopération Internationale en Recherche Agronomique pour le Développement (Cirad)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Montpellier (UM)-École pratique des hautes études (EPHE), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Centre international d'études supérieures en sciences agronomiques (Montpellier SupAgro)-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Université Paul-Valéry - Montpellier 3 (UPVM)-Institut national d’études supérieures agronomiques de Montpellier (Montpellier SupAgro), Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (Institut Agro)-Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (Institut Agro)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD [France-Sud]), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de recherche pour le développement [IRD] : UMR237-Aix Marseille Université (AMU)-Avignon Université (AU), Écotron Européen de Montpellier, Centre de Coopération Internationale en Recherche Agronomique pour le Développement (Cirad)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Centre international d'études supérieures en sciences agronomiques (Montpellier SupAgro)-Institut national d’études supérieures agronomiques de Montpellier (Montpellier SupAgro), Université Paul-Valéry - Montpellier 3 (UPVM)-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Centre international d'études supérieures en sciences agronomiques (Montpellier SupAgro)-École Pratique des Hautes Études (EPHE), and Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université de Montpellier (UM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD [France-Sud])-Institut national d’études supérieures agronomiques de Montpellier (Montpellier SupAgro)
Subjects: 2. Zero hunger, 0106 biological sciences, Ecology, Soil biology, Detritivore, 04 agricultural and veterinary sciences, Soil carbon, 15. Life on land, Biology, Plant litter, 010603 evolutionary biology, 01 natural sciences, Decomposer, 13. Climate action, 040103 agronomy & agriculture, Litter, 0401 agriculture, forestry, and fisheries, Ecosystem, [SDE.BE]Environmental Sciences/Biodiversity and Ecology, Ecology, Evolution, Behavior and Systematics, Trophic level
Abstract: International audience; The role of biodiversity for soil processes remains poorly understood. Existing evidence suggests that functional diversity rather than species richness is relevant for soil functioning. However, the importance of functional diversity has rarely been assessed simultaneously at more than one trophic level, critically limiting the prediction of consequences of biodiversity loss for soil functioning. In a laboratory microcosm experiment, we tested the hypothesis that increasing functional dissimilarity of both litter-feeding soil fauna and litter mixtures interactively affects the rates of five different soil processes related to litter decomposition. We created trait-based functional dissimilarity gradients using five assemblages of two detritivore species and five mixtures of two plant litter species commonly found in Mediterranean shrubland ecosystems of southern France. With increasing drought periods predicted for Mediterranean ecosystems in the future, we additionally included two different watering frequencies to evaluate the impact of drought on soil processes and how drought interacts with functional dissimilarity. The different fauna assemblages and litter mixtures showed strong effects on litter mass loss, soil organic carbon and nitrogen leaching, as well as on soil microbial activities. Up to 20% of the variation in response variables was explained by functional dissimilarity, suggesting an ecologically relevant impact of functional diversity on soil process rates. Detritivore functional dissimilarity tended to have stronger effects when combined with increasingly dissimilar litter mixtures, suggesting that trait dissimilarity interacts across trophic levels. Drought affected several soil processes but did not modify the relationships between functional dissimilarity and process rates. Our results indicate that trait diversity of detritivore assemblages and litter mixtures is an important predictor of soil process rates. The common and easily measurable traits used in our study suggest straightforward application across different types of ecosystems and environmental conditions.
Published: 2015
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26. Global change experiments: challenges and opportunities

Author: Anke Jentsch, Alexandru Milcu, Sara Vicca, Juergen Kreyling, Terry V. Callaghan, Claus Beier, Hans J. De Boeck, Matteo Campioli, Ivan Nijs, Jacques Roy, Abad Chabbi, Carl Beierkuhnlein, Department of Biology, Centre of Excellence PLECO (Plant and Vegetation Ecology), University of Antwerp (UA), Écotron Européen de Montpellier, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Centre d’Ecologie Fonctionnelle et Evolutive (CEFE), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Montpellier (UM)-École pratique des hautes études (EPHE), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Centre international d'études supérieures en sciences agronomiques (Montpellier SupAgro)-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Université Paul-Valéry - Montpellier 3 (UPVM)-Institut national d’études supérieures agronomiques de Montpellier (Montpellier SupAgro), Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (Institut Agro)-Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (Institut Agro)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD [France-Sud]), Institute of Botany and Landscape Ecology, Universität Greifswald - University of Greifswald, Bayreuth Center of Ecology and Environmental Research (BayCEER), Unité de Recherche Pluridisciplinaire Prairies et Plantes Fourragères (P3F), Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA), Biogéochimie et écologie des milieux continentaux (Bioemco), École normale supérieure - Paris (ENS Paris), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)-AgroParisTech-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Royal Swedish Academy of Agriculture and Forestry, Department of Botany, National Research Tomsk State University, Department of Animal and Plant Sciences, University of Sheffield [Sheffield], Norwegian Institute for Water Research (NIVA), Écotron Européen de Montpellier - UPS 3248, Université Paul-Valéry - Montpellier 3 (UM3)-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Centre international d'études supérieures en sciences agronomiques (Montpellier SupAgro)-École pratique des hautes études (EPHE)-Université de Montpellier (UM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD [France-Sud])-Institut national d’études supérieures agronomiques de Montpellier (Montpellier SupAgro), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-AgroParisTech-Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-École normale supérieure - Paris (ENS Paris), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD [France-Sud])-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-École pratique des hautes études (EPHE)-Université de Montpellier (UM)-Institut national d’études supérieures agronomiques de Montpellier (Montpellier SupAgro)-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Centre international d'études supérieures en sciences agronomiques (Montpellier SupAgro)-Université Paul-Valéry - Montpellier 3 (UM3), Université Paul-Valéry - Montpellier 3 (UPVM)-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Centre international d'études supérieures en sciences agronomiques (Montpellier SupAgro)-École Pratique des Hautes Études (EPHE), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université de Montpellier (UM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD [France-Sud])-Institut national d’études supérieures agronomiques de Montpellier (Montpellier SupAgro), École normale supérieure - Paris (ENS-PSL), and Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)-AgroParisTech-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)
Subjects: 0106 biological sciences, [SDV.SA]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Agricultural sciences, 010504 meteorology & atmospheric sciences, Computer science, Ecology (disciplines), artifacts, 010603 evolutionary biology, 01 natural sciences, scale, Lead (geology), Natural (music), Control (linguistics), Set (psychology), Biology, 0105 earth and related environmental sciences, ecosystem, Ecology, Scale (chemistry), methodology, Data science, 13. Climate action, manipulation, Human medicine, General Agricultural and Biological Sciences, Attribution, Realism
Abstract: Manipulation experiments are invaluable tools in global change ecology because they enable causal and process-based understanding. However, artifacts and inherent limitations can lead to misinterpretations. Across the wide range of approaches to set up such studies, we distill the main challenges associated with the imposed treatment(s), the spatial and time scale, proposing solutions and outlining the limitations in interpreting and extrapolating results. The inherent trade-offs between experimental realism (facilitating extrapolation) and control (facilitating the attribution of observed responses) resonate throughout this review. The focus on realism or control determines which issues become more important and how they should be handled. For example, covarying factors such as temperature and moisture can be explicitly separated to attribute effects more precisely but could also be left uncontrolled to increase realism. Ultimately, combining results across gradients of scale and control, including the use of natural laboratories, stimulates fundamental understanding, enabling more confident predictions of responses to global change.
Published: 2015
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27. Determination of respiration and photosynthesis fractionation factors for atmospheric dioxygen inferred from a vegetation–soil–atmosphere analogue of the terrestrial biosphere in closed chambers

Author: Clémence Paul, Clément Piel, Joana Sauze, Nicolas Pasquier, Frédéric Prié, Sébastien Devidal, Roxanne Jacob, Arnaud Dapoigny, Olivier Jossoud, Alexandru Milcu, Amaëlle Landais, Laboratoire des Sciences du Climat et de l'Environnement [Gif-sur-Yvette] (LSCE), Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Glaces et Continents, Climats et Isotopes Stables (GLACCIOS), Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Écotron Européen de Montpellier, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), and Géochrononologie Traceurs Archéométrie (GEOTRAC)
Subjects: [SDU]Sciences of the Universe [physics], Ecology, Evolution, Behavior and Systematics, Earth-Surface Processes
Abstract: The isotopic composition of dioxygen in the atmosphere is a global tracer which depends on the biosphere flux of dioxygen toward and from the atmosphere (photosynthesis and respiration) as well as exchanges with the stratosphere. When measured in fossil air trapped in ice cores, the relative concentration of 16O, 17O, and 18O of O2 can be used for several applications such as ice core dating and past global productivity reconstruction. However, there are still uncertainties about the accuracy of these tracers as they depend on the integrated isotopic discrimination of different biological processes of dioxygen production and uptake, for which we currently have very few independent estimates. Here we determined the respiration and photosynthesis fractionation factors for atmospheric dioxygen from experiments carried out in a replicated vegetation–soil–atmosphere analogue of the terrestrial biosphere in closed chambers with growing Festuca arundinacea. The values for 18O discrimination during soil respiration and dark respiration in leaves are equal to -12.3±1.7 ‰ and -19.1±2.4 ‰, respectively. In these closed biological chambers, we also found a value attributed to terrestrial photosynthetic isotopic discrimination equal to +3.7±1.3 ‰. This last estimate suggests that the contribution of terrestrial productivity in the Dole effect may have been underestimated in previous studies.
Published: 2023
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28. Examination of the parameters controlling the triple oxygen isotope composition of grass leaf water and phytoliths at a Mediterranean site: a model–data approach

Author: Voigt, Claudia, Alexandre, Anne, Reiter, Ilja, Orts, Jean-Philippe, Vallet-Coulomb, Christine, Piel, Clément, Mazur, Jean-Charles, Aleman, Julie, Sonzogni, Corinne, Miche, Helene, Ogée, Jérôme, Centre européen de recherche et d'enseignement des géosciences de l'environnement (CEREGE), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Aix Marseille Université (AMU)-Collège de France (CdF (institution))-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE), Ecosystèmes continentaux et risques environnementaux (ECCOREV), Aix Marseille Université (AMU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Institut méditerranéen de biodiversité et d'écologie marine et continentale (IMBE), Avignon Université (AU)-Aix Marseille Université (AMU)-Institut de recherche pour le développement [IRD] : UMR237-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Écotron Européen de Montpellier, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Interactions Sol Plante Atmosphère (UMR ISPA), Ecole Nationale Supérieure des Sciences Agronomiques de Bordeaux-Aquitaine (Bordeaux Sciences Agro)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE), and ANR-17-CE01-0002,HUMI-17,Dynamique passée de l'humidité atmosphérique continentale et de la végétation: apports de la triple composition isotopique de l'oxygène(2017)
Subjects: [SDE]Environmental Sciences
Abstract: Triple oxygen isotopes (17O-excess) of water are useful to trace evaporation at the soil–plant–atmosphere interface. The 17O-excess of plant silica, i.e., phytoliths, inherited from leaf water, was previously calibrated in growth chambers as a proxy of atmospheric relative humidity (RH). Here, using a model–data approach, we examine the parameters that control the triple oxygen isotope composition of bulk grass leaf water and phytoliths in natura, at the O3HP experimental platform located in the French Mediterranean area. A grass plot was equipped to measure for 1 year, all environmental and plant physiological parameters relevant for modeling the isotope composition of the grass leaf water. In particular, the triple oxygen and hydrogen isotope composition of atmospheric water vapor above the grass was measured continuously using a cavity ring-down spectrometer, and the grass leaf temperature was monitored at plot scale using an infrared (IR) radiometer. Grass leaves were collected in different seasons of the year and over a 24 h period in June. Grass leaf water was extracted by cryogenic vacuum distillation and analyzed by isotope ratio mass spectrometry (IRMS). Phytoliths were analyzed by IR–laser fluorination–IRMS after chemical extraction. We showed that the traditional Craig–Gordon steady-state model modified for grass leaves reliably predicts the triple oxygen isotope composition of leaf water during daytime but is sensitive to uncertainties on the leaf-to-air temperature difference. Deviations from isotope steady state at night are well represented in the triple oxygen isotope system and predictable by a non-steady-state model. The 17O-excess of phytoliths confirms the applicability of the 17O-excessphyto vs. RH equation established in previous growth chamber experiments. Further, it recorded average daytime RH over the growth period rather than daily RH, related to low transpiration and silicification during the night. This model–data approach highlights the utility of the triple oxygen isotope system to improve the understanding of water exchange at the soil–plant–atmosphere interface. The in natura experiment underlines the applicability of 17O-excess of phytoliths as a RH proxy.
Published: 2023
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29. Impact of atmospheric CO2 and plant life forms on soil microbial activities

Author: Jacques Roy, Alba Carreras-Palou, Marie Madeleine Couteaux, Patricia Barberá, Laurent Philippot, R. Lensi, Laurette Sonié, Gilles Pinay, Nathalie Fromin, Centre d’Ecologie Fonctionnelle et Evolutive (CEFE), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Montpellier (UM)-École pratique des hautes études (EPHE), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Centre international d'études supérieures en sciences agronomiques (Montpellier SupAgro)-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Université Paul-Valéry - Montpellier 3 (UPVM)-Institut national d’études supérieures agronomiques de Montpellier (Montpellier SupAgro), Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (Institut Agro)-Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (Institut Agro)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD [France-Sud]), Écotron Européen de Montpellier, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Microbiologie du Sol et de l'Environnement (MSE), Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Université de Bourgogne (UB), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD [France-Sud])-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-École pratique des hautes études (EPHE)-Université de Montpellier (UM)-Institut national d’études supérieures agronomiques de Montpellier (Montpellier SupAgro)-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Centre international d'études supérieures en sciences agronomiques (Montpellier SupAgro)-Université Paul-Valéry - Montpellier 3 (UM3), Écotron Européen de Montpellier - UPS 3248, and Université Paul-Valéry - Montpellier 3 (UM3)-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Centre international d'études supérieures en sciences agronomiques (Montpellier SupAgro)-École pratique des hautes études (EPHE)-Université de Montpellier (UM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD [France-Sud])-Institut national d’études supérieures agronomiques de Montpellier (Montpellier SupAgro)
Subjects: 0106 biological sciences, Mediterranean climate, Perennial plant, [SDE.MCG]Environmental Sciences/Global Changes, Soil Science, NITRIFICATION, 010603 evolutionary biology, 01 natural sciences, Microbiology, Soil respiration, [SDV.EE.ECO]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Ecology, environment/Ecosystems, ComputingMilieux_MISCELLANEOUS, 2. Zero hunger, Ecology, ATMOSPHERIC CO2 ENRICHMENT, 04 agricultural and veterinary sciences, DENITRIFICATION, 15. Life on land, Agronomy, 13. Climate action, Soil water, 040103 agronomy & agriculture, 0401 agriculture, forestry, and fisheries, Environmental science, Plant cover, Nitrification, Annual plant, [SDE.BE]Environmental Sciences/Biodiversity and Ecology, Cycling, SOIL RESPIRATION, [SDV.EE.IEO]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Ecology, environment/Symbiosis
Abstract: International audience; From the global change perspective, increase of atmospheric CO2 and land cover transformation are among the major impacts caused by human activities. In this study, we are addressing the combined issues of the effect of CO2 concentration increase and plant type on soil microbial activities by asking how annual and perennial plant groups affect soil microbial processes under elevated CO2. The experimental design used a mix of species of different growth forms for both annuals and perennials. Our objective was: (1) to determine how two years of annual or perennial plant cover and CO2 enrichment could affect Mediterranean soil microbial processes; (2) to test the resistance and the resilience of these soil functional processes after a natural perturbation. We determined the effects of 2 years atmospheric CO2 enrichment on soil potential respiration (SIR), denitrification (DEA) and nitrification (NEA) activities. We could not find any significant effect of CO2 increase on SIR, DEA and NEA. However, we found a strong effect of the plant cover type, i.e. annuals versus perennials, on the potential microbial activity related to N cycling. DEA and NEA were significantly higher in soil under annual plants while SIR was not significantly different. To determine whether these changes would survive a natural perturbation, we carried out a rain event experiment once the experimental treatments (i.e. different plant cover and atmospheric CO2 concentration) were stopped. The soil potential respiration, as expressed by the SIR, was not affected and remained stable. DEA rates converged rapidly under annuals and perennials after the rain event. Under both annuals and perennials NEA increased significantly after the rain event but remained significantly higher in the soil with annual plants. The relative change of the soil microbial processes induced by annual and perennial plants was inversely related to the density and the diversity of the corresponding microbial functional groups.
Published: 2007
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30. Ecotrons: Powerful and versatile ecosystem analysers for ecology, agronomy and environmental science

Author: George A. Kowalchuk, Jörg-Peter Schnitzler, Clément Piel, Wolfgang W. Weisser, Nicolas Brüggemann, Jean-François Le Galliard, Samuel Abiven, Stuart H Larsen, Teis Nørgaard Mikkelsen, Sarah Garré, Florent Massol, Hans J. De Boeck, Ivan Nijs, Joana Sauze, Bernard Longdoz, Alexandru Milcu, Natalie Beenaerts, Nico Eisenhauer, Timo Domisch, Matteo Dainese, Francois Rineau, Thomas Pütz, Richard L. Jasoni, Andrea Ghirardo, John A. Arnone, Leonardo H. Teixeira, Vincent Leemans, Alban Gebler, Georg Niedrist, Damien Landais, Craig V. M. Barton, J. Barbro Winkler, Olivier Ravel, Jacques Roy, Mark G. Tjoelker, Anja Schmidt, Écotron Européen de Montpellier, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), CEREEP-Ecotron Ile de France (UMS 3194), Département de Biologie - ENS Paris, École normale supérieure - Paris (ENS Paris), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-École normale supérieure - Paris (ENS Paris), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Institut d'écologie et des sciences de l'environnement de Paris (iEES Paris ), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Université Paris-Est Créteil Val-de-Marne - Paris 12 (UPEC UP12)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Paris (UP)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE), Centre d’Ecologie Fonctionnelle et Evolutive (CEFE), Université Paul-Valéry - Montpellier 3 (UPVM)-Centre international d'études supérieures en sciences agronomiques (Montpellier SupAgro)-École pratique des hautes études (EPHE), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université de Montpellier (UM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD [France-Sud])-Institut national d’études supérieures agronomiques de Montpellier (Montpellier SupAgro), Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (Institut Agro)-Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (Institut Agro)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE), Sub Ecology and Biodiversity, Ecology and Biodiversity, École normale supérieure - Paris (ENS-PSL), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-École normale supérieure - Paris (ENS-PSL), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Université Paris-Est Créteil Val-de-Marne - Paris 12 (UPEC UP12)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE), Université Paul-Valéry - Montpellier 3 (UPVM)-École Pratique des Hautes Études (EPHE), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université de Montpellier (UM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD [France-Sud])-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE)-Institut Agro - Montpellier SupAgro, Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (Institut Agro)-Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (Institut Agro), and Université Paul-Valéry - Montpellier 3 (UPVM)-École pratique des hautes études (EPHE)
Subjects: 0106 biological sciences, 010504 meteorology & atmospheric sciences, Process (engineering), Ecology (disciplines), Biodiversity, 010603 evolutionary biology, 01 natural sciences, Natural (archaeology), Soil, experimentation, [SDV.EE.ECO]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Ecology, environment/Ecosystems, environmental simulations, Environmental Science(all), ddc:570, Environmental Chemistry, Ecosystem, controlled environment facilities, Biology, global change, biodiversity, 0105 earth and related environmental sciences, General Environmental Science, 2. Zero hunger, Global and Planetary Change, Ecology, [SDE.IE]Environmental Sciences/Environmental Engineering, business.industry, Environmental resource management, Research Review, Global change, 15. Life on land, research infrastructures, ecosystem process measurements, ddc, Variety (cybernetics), Chemistry, 13. Climate action, Controlled Environment Facilities, Ecosystem Functioning, Ecosystem Process Measurements, Environmental Simulations, Experimentation, Global Change, Research Infrastructures, ecosystem functioning, Complementarity (molecular biology), Environmental Science, Environmental science, [SDE.BE]Environmental Sciences/Biodiversity and Ecology, business
Abstract: Ecosystems integrity and services are threatened by anthropogenic global changes. Mitigating and adapting to these changes require knowledge of ecosystem functioning in the expected novel environments, informed in large part through experimentation and modelling. This paper describes 13 advanced controlled environment facilities for experimental ecosystem studies, herein termed ecotrons, open to the international community. Ecotrons enable simulation of a wide range of natural environmental conditions in replicated and independent experimental units while measuring various ecosystem processes. This capacity to realistically control ecosystem environments is used to emulate a variety of climatic scenarios and soil conditions, in natural sunlight or through broad‐spectrum lighting. The use of large ecosystem samples, intact or reconstructed, minimizes border effects and increases biological and physical complexity. Measurements of concentrations of greenhouse trace gases as well as their net exchange between the ecosystem and the atmosphere are performed in most ecotrons, often quasi continuously. The flow of matter is often tracked with the use of stable isotope tracers of carbon and other elements. Equipment is available for measurements of soil water status as well as root and canopy growth. The experiments ran so far emphasize the diversity of the hosted research. Half of them concern global changes, often with a manipulation of more than one driver. About a quarter deal with the impact of biodiversity loss on ecosystem functioning and one quarter with ecosystem or plant physiology. We discuss how the methodology for environmental simulation and process measurements, especially in soil, can be improved and stress the need to establish stronger links with modelling in future projects. These developments will enable further improvements in mechanistic understanding and predictive capacity of ecotron research which will play, in complementarity with field experimentation and monitoring, a crucial role in exploring the ecosystem consequences of environmental changes., Experimentation and modelling are necessary to predict ecosystem functioning under future environments and to develop mitigating and adapting strategies. This paper describes 13 advanced controlled environment facilities, called ecotrons, open to the international community. An ecotron comprises a set of replicated enclosures designed to host ecosystems samples and enable realistic simulations of above‐ and belowground environmental conditions, while simultaneously and automatically measuring ecosystem processes. The characteristics of these infrastructures are given as well as examples of collaborative projects hosted so far.
Published: 2021
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31. 17 O‐excess and d‐excess of atmospheric water vapor measured by cavity ring‐down spectrometry: Evidence of a matrix effect and implication for the calibration procedure

Author: Christine Vallet-Coulomb, Anne Alexandre, Clément Piel, Claudia Voigt, Centre européen de recherche et d'enseignement des géosciences de l'environnement (CEREGE), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Aix Marseille Université (AMU)-Collège de France (CdF (institution))-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Aix Marseille Université (AMU), and Écotron Européen de Montpellier
Subjects: [SDU.OCEAN]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Ocean, Atmosphere, Laser spectrometry, Spectrometer, Isotope, Chemistry, d-excess, Organic Chemistry, Analytical chemistry, atmospheric water vapor, calibration, Mass spectrometry, Analytical Chemistry, [SDU.STU.GC]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Earth Sciences/Geochemistry, CRDS, Calibration, Mixing ratio, laser spectrometry, Vaporizer, [SDU.STU.HY]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Earth Sciences/Hydrology, Chemical composition, ComputingMilieux_MISCELLANEOUS, Spectroscopy, 17O-excess
Abstract: RATIONALE Producing robust high frequency time series of raw atmospheric water vapor isotope data by laser spectrometry requires accurate calibration. Especially, the chemical composition of the analyzed sample gas can cause isotope bias. This study assesses the matrix effect on calibrated δ17 O, δ18 O, δ2 H, 17 O-excess, and d-excess values of atmospheric water vapor. METHODS A Picarro L2140-i cavity ring-down spectrometer combined with an autosampler and a vaporizer is used to analyze δ17 O, δ18 O, δ2 H, 17 O-excess and d-excess of two water standards. Isotope data obtained using synthetic air and dry ambient air as carrier gas at water mixing ratios ranging from 2000 to 30000 ppmv are compared. Based on the results, atmospheric water vapor measurements are calibrated. The expected precision is estimated by Monte Carlo simulation. RESULTS The dry air source strongly impacts raw isotope values of the two water standards, but has no effect on the mixing ratio dependency functions. When using synthetic air, δ17 O, δ18 O and 17 O-excess of calibrated atmospheric water vapor are overestimated by 0.6 ‰, 0.7 ‰, and 217 per meg, respectively, while δ2 H and d-excess are underestimated by 1.5 ‰ and 7.3 ‰. Optimum precisions for the calibrated δ17 O, δ18 O, δ2 H, 17 O-excess and d-excess values and 12-min integration time are 0.02 ‰, 0.03 ‰, 0.4 ‰, 14 per meg and 0.4 ‰, respectively. CONCLUSIONS In light of the obtained results, recommendations for the calibration of atmospheric water vapor isotope measurements are presented. The necessity to use dry ambient air as dry air source when running the standards for calibration is pointed out as a pre-requisite for accurate atmospheric water vapor 17 O-excess and d-excess measurements.
Published: 2022
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32. First field record of 17O-excess of atmospheric vapor measured by cavity ring-down spectroscopy

Author: Ilja M. Reiter, Christine Vallet-Coulomb, Anne Alexandre, Clément Piel, Jean-Philippe Orts, Irène Xueref-Remy, Mathieu Santonja, Claudia Voigt, Centre européen de recherche et d'enseignement des géosciences de l'environnement (CEREGE), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Aix Marseille Université (AMU)-Collège de France (CdF (institution))-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE), Écotron Européen de Montpellier, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Ecosystèmes continentaux et risques environnementaux (ECCOREV), Aix Marseille Université (AMU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Institut méditerranéen de biodiversité et d'écologie marine et continentale (IMBE), and Avignon Université (AU)-Aix Marseille Université (AMU)-Institut de recherche pour le développement [IRD] : UMR237-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)
Subjects: Materials science, Field (physics), [SDU.STU.GC]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Earth Sciences/Geochemistry, Atomic physics, [SDU.STU.HY]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Earth Sciences/Hydrology, ComputingMilieux_MISCELLANEOUS, Cavity ring-down spectroscopy
Abstract: International audience
Published: 2021
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33. No evidence that earthworms increase soil greenhouse gas emissions (CO2 and N2O) in the presence of plants and soil-moisture fluctuations

Author: Bruno Buatois, Yvan Capowiez, Pierre Ganault, Nathalie Fromin, Ammar Shihan, Isabelle Bertrand, Alexandru Milcu, Johanne Nahmani, Centre d’Ecologie Fonctionnelle et Evolutive (CEFE), Université Paul-Valéry - Montpellier 3 (UPVM)-Centre international d'études supérieures en sciences agronomiques (Montpellier SupAgro)-École pratique des hautes études (EPHE), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université de Montpellier (UM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD [France-Sud])-Institut national d’études supérieures agronomiques de Montpellier (Montpellier SupAgro), Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (Institut Agro)-Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (Institut Agro)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE), Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE), Ecologie fonctionnelle et biogéochimie des sols et des agro-écosystèmes (UMR Eco&Sols), Centre de Coopération Internationale en Recherche Agronomique pour le Développement (Cirad)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Centre international d'études supérieures en sciences agronomiques (Montpellier SupAgro)-Institut national d’études supérieures agronomiques de Montpellier (Montpellier SupAgro), Écotron Européen de Montpellier, and Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)
Subjects: 2. Zero hunger, Agronomy, Co2 fluxes, 13. Climate action, Greenhouse gas, [SDE.MCG]Environmental Sciences/Global Changes, Environmental science, Earthworms, 15. Life on land, [SDE.BE]Environmental Sciences/Biodiversity and Ecology, Water content, N2o fluxes
Abstract: Accelerating climate change and biodiversity loss calls for agricultural practices that can sustain productivity with lower greenhouse gas emissions while maintaining biodiversity. Biodiversity-friendly agricultural practices have been shown to increase earthworm populations, but according to a recent meta-analyses, earthworms could increase soil CO2 and N2O emissions by 33 and 42%, respectively. However, to date, many studies reported idiosyncratic and inconsistent effects of earthworms on greenhouse gases, indicating that the underlying mechanisms are not fully understood. Here we report the effects of earthworms (anecic, endogeic and their combination) with or without plants on CO2 and N2O emissions in the presence of soil-moisture fluctuations from a mesocosms experiment. The experimental set-up was explicitly designed to account for the engineering effect of earthworms (i.e. burrowing) and investigate the consequences on soil macroporosity, soil water dynamic, and microbial activity. We found that plants reduced N2O emissions by 19.80% and that relative to the no earthworm control, the cumulative N2O emissions were 17.04, 34.59 and 44.81% lower in the anecic, both species and endogeic species, respectively. CO2 emissions were not significantly affected by the plants or earthworms but depended on the interaction between earthworms and soil water content, an interaction that was also observed for the N2O emissions. Soil porosity variables measured by X-ray tomography suggest that the earthworm effects on CO2 and N2O emissions were mediated by the burrowing patterns affecting the soil aeration and water status. N2O emissions decreased with the volume occupied by macropores in the deeper soil layer, whereas CO2 emissions decreased with the macropore volume in the top soil layer. This study suggests that experimental setups without plants and in containers where the earthworm soil engineering effects via burrowing and casting on soil water status are minimized may be responsible, at least in part, for the reported positive earthworm effects on greenhouse gases.
Published: 2021
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34. Positive tree diversity effect on fine root biomass: via density dependence rather than spatial root partitioning

Author: Weixian Zeng, Oscar J. Valverde-Barrantes, Bo Zhou, Grégoire T. Freschet, Alexandru Milcu, Liang Chen, Yelin Zeng, Shuai Ouyang, Wenhua Xiang, Central South University of Forestry and Technology (CSUFT ), Station d'écologie théorique et expérimentale (SETE), Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Observatoire Midi-Pyrénées (OMP), Météo France-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Météo France-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Centre d’Ecologie Fonctionnelle et Evolutive (CEFE), Université Paul-Valéry - Montpellier 3 (UPVM)-Centre international d'études supérieures en sciences agronomiques (Montpellier SupAgro)-École pratique des hautes études (EPHE), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université de Montpellier (UM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD [France-Sud])-Institut national d’études supérieures agronomiques de Montpellier (Montpellier SupAgro), Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (Institut Agro)-Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (Institut Agro)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE), Florida International University [Miami] (FIU), Écotron Européen de Montpellier, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Station d'Ecologie Théorique et Expérimentale (SETE), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Fédération de Recherche Agrobiosciences, Interactions et Biodiversité (FR AIB), Université de Toulouse (UT)-Université de Toulouse (UT)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université de Toulouse (UT)-Université de Toulouse (UT)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Université Paul-Valéry - Montpellier 3 (UPVM)-École Pratique des Hautes Études (EPHE), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université de Montpellier (UM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD [France-Sud])-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE)-Institut Agro - Montpellier SupAgro, and Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (Institut Agro)-Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (Institut Agro)
Subjects: 0106 biological sciences, Root (linguistics), symmetric root growth, Biomass, stand density, 15. Life on land, molecular methods, 010603 evolutionary biology, 01 natural sciences, spatial root partitioning, biodiversity–ecosystem function, Tree diversity, Density dependence, Agronomy, [SDE]Environmental Sciences, Environmental science, Ecology, Evolution, Behavior and Systematics, 010606 plant biology & botany
Abstract: International audience; The importance of species richness to ecosystem functioning and services is a central tenet of biological conservation. However, most of our theory and mechanistic understanding is based on diversity found aboveground. Our study sought to better understand the relationship between diversity and belowground function by studying root biomass across a plant diversity gradient. We collected soil cores from 91 plots with between 1 and 12 aboveground tree species in three natural secondary forests to measure fine root (≤ 2 mm in diameter) biomass. Molecular methods were used to identify the tree species of fine roots and to estimate fine root biomass for each species. This study tested whether the spatial root partitioning (species differ by belowground territory) and symmetric growth (the capacity to colonize nutrient-rich hotspots) underpin the relationship between aboveground species richness and fine root biomass. All species preferred to grow in nutrient-rich areas and symmetric growth could explain the positive relationship between aboveground species richness and fine root biomass. However, symmetric growth only appeared in the nutrient-rich upper soil layer (0–10 cm). Structural equation modelling indicated that aboveground species richness and stand density significantly affected fine root biomass. Specifically, fine root biomass depended on the interaction between aboveground species richness and stand density, with fine root biomass increasing with species richness at lower stand density, but not at higher stand density. Overall, evidence for spatial (i.e. vertical) root partitioning was inconsistent; assumingly any roots growing into deeper unexplored soil layers were not sufficient contributors to the positive diversity–function relationship. Alternatively, density-dependent biotic interactions affecting tree recruitment are an important driver affecting productivity in diverse subtropical forests but the usual root distribution patterns in line with the spatial root partitioning hypothesis are unrealistic in contexts where soil nutrients are heterogeneously distributed.
Published: 2021
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35. Plant traits alone are poor predictors of ecosystem properties and long-term ecosystem functioning

Author: Gerd Gleixner, Christiane Roscher, Fons van der Plas, Bernhard Schmid, Teja Tscharntke, Nina Buchmann, Pascal A. Niklaus, Christof Engels, Adriana Alzate, Winfried Voigt, Alexandra Weigelt, E.-D. Schulze, Wolfgang Wilcke, Michael Scherer-Lorenzen, Hans de Kroon, Markus Fischer, Wolfgang W. Weisser, Nico Eisenhauer, Vicky M. Temperton, Kathryn E. Barry, Christian Wirth, Alexandru Milcu, Anne Ebeling, Anke Hildebrandt, Yvonne Oelmann, Stefan Scheu, Sophia Leimer, Romain L. Barnard, Thomas Schröder-Georgi, Sebastian T. Meyer, Christoph Scherber, Liesje Mommer, Eva Koller-France, Agroécologie [Dijon], Université de Bourgogne (UB)-AgroSup Dijon - Institut National Supérieur des Sciences Agronomiques, de l'Alimentation et de l'Environnement-Université Bourgogne Franche-Comté [COMUE] (UBFC)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE), Écotron Européen de Montpellier, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Centre d’Ecologie Fonctionnelle et Evolutive (CEFE), Université Paul-Valéry - Montpellier 3 (UPVM)-Centre international d'études supérieures en sciences agronomiques (Montpellier SupAgro)-École pratique des hautes études (EPHE), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université de Montpellier (UM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD [France-Sud])-Institut national d’études supérieures agronomiques de Montpellier (Montpellier SupAgro), and Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (Institut Agro)-Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (Institut Agro)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE)
Subjects: 0106 biological sciences, Biodiversity, Plant Ecology and Nature Conservation, litter decomposition, Biology, 010603 evolutionary biology, 01 natural sciences, Grassland, Abundance (ecology), land-use, Life Science, Ecosystem, Biomass, global metaanalysis, tree species-diversity, community composition, ComputingMilieux_MISCELLANEOUS, Ecology, Evolution, Behavior and Systematics, subtropical forest, biodiversity, 2. Zero hunger, Abiotic component, geography, Biomass (ecology), geography.geographical_feature_category, Ecology, Community, grassland ecology, ecosystem ecology, Plants, carbon storage, 15. Life on land, PE&RC, Carbon, taxonomic diversity, Ecosystems Research, 13. Climate action, phylogenetic diversity, Plantenecologie en Natuurbeheer, [SDE.BE]Environmental Sciences/Biodiversity and Ecology, aboveground biomass, Ecosystem ecology, community ecology, 010606 plant biology & botany
Abstract: Earth is home to over 350,000 vascular plant species that differ in their traits in innumerable ways. A key challenge is to predict how natural or anthropogenically driven changes in the identity, abundance and diversity of co-occurring plant species drive important ecosystem-level properties such as biomass production or carbon storage. Here, we analyse the extent to which 42 different ecosystem properties can be predicted by 41 plant traits in 78 experimentally manipulated grassland plots over 10 years. Despite the unprecedented number of traits analysed, the average percentage of variation in ecosystem properties jointly explained was only moderate (32.6%) within individual years, and even much lower (12.7%) across years. Most other studies linking ecosystem properties to plant traits analysed no more than six traits and, when including only six traits in our analysis, the average percentage of variation explained in across-year levels of ecosystem properties dropped to 4.8%. Furthermore, we found on average only 12.2% overlap in significant predictors among ecosystem properties, indicating that a small set of key traits able to explain multiple ecosystem properties does not exist. Our results therefore suggest that there are specific limits to the extent to which traits per se can predict the long-term functional consequences of biodiversity change, so that data on additional drivers, such as interacting abiotic factors, may be required to improve predictions of ecosystem property levels.
Published: 2020
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36. Plant diversity enhances production and downward transport of biodegradable dissolved organic matter

Author: Janneke Ravenek, Christine Fischer-Bedtke, Gerd Gleixner, Odette González Macé, Tanja Strecker, Cameron Wagg, Christiane Roscher, Liesje Mommer, Vanessa-Nina Roth, Alexandru Milcu, Bernhard Schmid, Thorsten Dittmar, Stefan Scheu, Alexandra Weigelt, Nico Eisenhauer, Anke Hildebrandt, Natalie J. Oram, Markus Lange, Max Planck Institute for Biogeochemistry (MPI-BGC), Max-Planck-Gesellschaft, Thüringer Landesamt für Umwelt und Geologie, German Centre for Integrative Biodiversity Research (iDiv), Leipzig University, Helmholtz Zentrum für Umweltforschung = Helmholtz Centre for Environmental Research (UFZ), Institute for Chemistry and Biology of the Marine Environment (ICBM), University of Oldenburg, Helmholtz Institute for Functional Marine Biodiversity at the University of Oldenburg (HIFMB), Carl Von Ossietzky Universität Oldenburg = Carl von Ossietzky University of Oldenburg (OFFIS), Friedrich-Schiller-Universität = Friedrich Schiller University Jena [Jena, Germany], Johann-Friedrich Blumenbach Institut für Zoologie und Anthropologie, Georg-August-University = Georg-August-Universität Göttingen, Écotron Européen de Montpellier, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Centre d’Ecologie Fonctionnelle et Evolutive (CEFE), Université Paul-Valéry - Montpellier 3 (UPVM)-École Pratique des Hautes Études (EPHE), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université de Montpellier (UM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD [France-Sud])-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE)-Institut Agro - Montpellier SupAgro, Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (Institut Agro)-Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (Institut Agro), Nature Conservation and Plant Ecology Group, Wageningen University and Research [Wageningen] (WUR), Soil Biology Group, Institute for Water and Wetland Research, Radboud University Nijmegen, Universität Zürich [Zürich] = University of Zurich (UZH), Department of Systematic Botany and Functional Biodiversity, Universität Leipzig, University of Zurich, Vries, Franciska, Lange, Markus, Université Paul-Valéry - Montpellier 3 (UPVM)-Centre international d'études supérieures en sciences agronomiques (Montpellier SupAgro)-École pratique des hautes études (EPHE), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université de Montpellier (UM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD [France-Sud])-Institut national d’études supérieures agronomiques de Montpellier (Montpellier SupAgro), and Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (Institut Agro)-Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (Institut Agro)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE)
Subjects: 0106 biological sciences, Evolution, ecosystem functions and services, Plant Ecology and Nature Conservation, plant–soil interactions, Plant Science, 010603 evolutionary biology, 01 natural sciences, bioDiversity, Subsoil, Behavior and Systematics, vegetation, 1110 Plant Science, subsoil, Dissolved organic carbon, Ecosystem, Plant–soil interactions, 910 Geography & travel, ComputingMilieux_MISCELLANEOUS, Ecology, Evolution, Behavior and Systematics, biodiversity, 2. Zero hunger, Ecosystem functions and services, Topsoil, Decomposition, decomposition, Vegetation, Ecology, Soil organic matter, Plant Ecology, food and beverages, Plant community, 15. Life on land, PE&RC, dissolved organic carbon, 10122 Institute of Geography, 1105 Ecology, Evolution, Behavior and Systematics, Environmental chemistry, Soil water, Plantenecologie en Natuurbeheer, Soil horizon, Environmental science, Soil fertility, [SDE.BE]Environmental Sciences/Biodiversity and Ecology, 2303 Ecology, human activities, 010606 plant biology & botany
Abstract: International audience; Plant diversity is an important driver of below-ground ecosystem functions, such as root growth, soil organic matter (SOM) storage and microbial metabolism, mainly by influencing the interactions between plant roots and soil. Dissolved organic matter (DOM), as the most mobile form of SOM, plays a crucial role for a multitude of soil processes that are central for ecosystem functioning. Thus, DOM is likely to be an important mediator of plant diversity effects on soil processes. However, the relationships between plant diversity and DOM have not been studied so far.2. We investigated the mechanisms underlying plant diversity effects on concentrations of DOM using continuous soil water sampling across 6 years and 62 plant communities in a long-term grassland biodiversity experiment in Jena, Germany. Furthermore, we investigated plant diversity effects on the molecular properties of DOM in a subset of the samples.3. Although DOM concentrations were highly variable over the course of the year with highest concentrations in summer and autumn, we found that DOM concentrations consistently increased with plant diversity across seasons. The positive plant diversity effect on DOM concentrations was mainly mediated by increased microbial activity and newly sequestered carbon in topsoil. However, the effect of soil microbial activity on DOM concentrations differed between seasons, indicating DOM consumption in winter and spring, and DOM production in summer and autumn. Furthermore, we found increased contents of small and easily decomposable DOM molecules reaching deeper soil layers with high plant diversity.4. Synthesis. Our findings suggest that plant diversity enhances the continuous downward transport of DOM in multiple ways. On the one hand, higher plant diversity results in higher DOM concentrations, on the other hand, this DOM is less degraded. This study indicates, for the first time, that higher plant diversity enhances the downward transport of dissolved molecules that likely stimulate soil development in deeper layers and therefore increase soil fertility.
Published: 2020
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37. Conception d'un dispositif automatisé de chambres de mesures d'échanges gazeux du sol à fermeture horizontale

Author: Duthoit, Maxime, Roupsard, Olivier, Créquy, Nathan, Sauze, Joana, van den Meersche, Karel, Ecologie fonctionnelle et biogéochimie des sols et des agro-écosystèmes (UMR Eco&Sols), Centre de Coopération Internationale en Recherche Agronomique pour le Développement (Cirad)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE)-Institut Agro Montpellier, Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (Institut Agro)-Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (Institut Agro), Département Performances des systèmes de production et de transformation tropicaux (Cirad-PERSYST), Centre de Coopération Internationale en Recherche Agronomique pour le Développement (Cirad), Écotron Européen de Montpellier, and Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)
Subjects: échanges gazeux, multiplexage, multiplexing, greenhouse gases, measuring chamber, [SDE]Environmental Sciences, chambre de mesure, respiration du sol, automatisation, gaz à effet de serre, gas exchange, soil respiration, automation
Abstract: International audience; Greenhouse gas (CO2, N2O and CH4) exchange measurements between soil and atmosphere are important data when studying agrosystem functioning. These data can be measured on high temporal resolution with automatic chambers. However, automated chamber systems are expensive which limits the number of measuring points on a same site. Besides, researchers are restrained to integrate and understand the spatial variability of the soil metabolic activity and more generally biogeochemistry cycles that are associated to. For this study, we propose a construction plan for a self-made multiplexed system of automated chambers. We chose a system with an horizontal closure to minimise effects due to overpressure during closing events, and to allow the system to be installed under low branches. Here we present some results of leakage tests and at field functioning during several months. A particular attention has been brought to the material cost, to the electric consumption as well as the implementation simplicity. Technical information about the conception, construction and the use of these chambers and output data analyses are detailed in this paper with the drawings, pilot programming and codes for the data analysis.; Les mesures d’échanges des principaux gaz à effet de serre (CO2, N2O et CH4) entre le sol et l’atmosphère sont des données importantes dans l’étude du fonctionnement des agrosystèmes. Ces données peuvent être mesurées à haute résolution temporelle grâce à des chambres de mesure automatiques qui constituent actuellement la technique de référence. Les systèmes automatisés commerciaux sont coûteux, ce qui limite le nombre de points de mesure sur un même site, et donc, la capacité des équipes de recherche à mieux intégrer et comprendre la variabilité spatiale de l’activité métabolique du sol et plus généralement les cycles biogéochimiques qui lui sont associés. Dans cette étude, nous proposons les plans pour réaliser soi-même un système multiplexé original de chambres de mesure automatisées. Nous avons opté ici pour une fermeture horizontale, afin de minimiser les effets liés à la surpression lors de la fermeture et/ou passer sous des branches basses. Des résultats de tests de fuite et de fonctionnement en plein champ pendant plusieurs mois sont présentés. Une attention particulière a été apportée au coût du matériel, à la consommation énergétique ainsi qu’à la simplicité de mise en oeuvre. Les informations techniques relatives à la conception, à la fabrication, à l’utilisation de ces chambres et à l’analyse des données de sortie sont détaillées dans cet article, avec les plans, les programmes de pilotage et les codes pour l’analyse de données.
Published: 2020

38. Data from: Limited evidence for spatial resource partitioning across temperate grassland biodiversity experiments

Author: Barry, Kathryn, van Ruijven, Jasper, Mommer, Liesje, Bai, Yongfei, Beierkuhnlein, Carl, Buchmann, Nina, De Kroon, Hans, Ebeling, Anne, Eisenhauer, Nico, Guimarães‐Steinicke, Claudia, Hildebrandt, Anke, Isbell, Forest, Milcu, Alexandru, Neßhöver, Carsten, Reich, Peter, Roscher, Christiane, Sauheitl, Leopold, Scherer Lorenzen, Michael, Schmidt, Bernhard, Tilman, David, Von Felten, Stefanie, Weigelt, Alexandra, Écotron Européen de Montpellier, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), and Milcu, Alexandru
Subjects: [SDE.BE] Environmental Sciences/Biodiversity and Ecology, [SDE.BE]Environmental Sciences/Biodiversity and Ecology
Abstract: International audience; Locally, plant species richness supports many ecosystem functions. Yet, the mechanisms driving these often-positive biodiversity–ecosystem functioning relationships are not well understood. Spatial resource partitioning across vertical resource gradients is one of the main hypothesized causes for enhanced ecosystem functioning in more biodiverse grasslands. Spatial resource partitioning occurs if species differ in where they acquire resources and can happen both above- and belowground. However, studies investigating spatial resource partitioning in grasslands provide inconsistent evidence. We present the results of a meta-analysis of 21 datasets from experimental species-richness gradients in grasslands. We test the hypothesis that increasing spatial resource partitioning along vertical resource gradients enhances ecosystem functioning in diverse grassland plant communities above- and belowground. To test this hypothesis, we asked three questions: 1. Does species richness enhance biomass production or community resource uptake across sites? 2. Is there evidence of spatial resource partitioning as indicated by resource tracer uptake and biomass allocation above- and belowground? 3. Is evidence of spatial resource partitioning correlated with increased biomass production or community resource uptake? Although plant species richness enhanced community nitrogen and potassium uptake and biomass production above- and belowground, we found that plant communities did not meet our criteria for spatial resource partitioning, though they did invest in significantly more aboveground biomass in higher canopy layers in mixture relative to monoculture. Furthermore, the extent of spatial resource partitioning across studies was not positively correlated with either biomass production or community resource uptake. Our results suggest that spatial resource partitioning across vertical resource gradients alone does not offer a general explanation for enhanced ecosystem functioning in more diverse temperate grasslands.
Published: 2020

39. Circadian Regulation Does Not Optimize Stomatal Behaviour

Author: Yinan Yao, David T. Tissue, Damien Landais, Rachael H. Nolan, Michael Bahn, Jacques Roy, Alexandru Milcu, Arthur Gessler, William R. L. Anderegg, Víctor Resco de Dios, Ximeng Li, Écotron Européen de Montpellier, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Centre d’Ecologie Fonctionnelle et Evolutive (CEFE), Université Paul-Valéry - Montpellier 3 (UPVM)-Centre international d'études supérieures en sciences agronomiques (Montpellier SupAgro)-École pratique des hautes études (EPHE), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université de Montpellier (UM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD [France-Sud])-Institut national d’études supérieures agronomiques de Montpellier (Montpellier SupAgro), Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (Institut Agro)-Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (Institut Agro)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE), Université Paul-Valéry - Montpellier 3 (UPVM)-École Pratique des Hautes Études (EPHE), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université de Montpellier (UM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD [France-Sud])-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE)-Institut Agro - Montpellier SupAgro, and Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (Institut Agro)-Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (Institut Agro)
Subjects: 0106 biological sciences, 0301 basic medicine, Stomatal conductance, Vapour Pressure Deficit, Circadian clock, Plant Science, gas exchange, Cotton, Biology, 01 natural sciences, cotton, ecological strategies, Article, Ecological strategies, 03 medical and health sciences, Circadian regulation, lcsh:Botany, Gas exchange, Circadian rhythm, Water-use efficiency, Ecology, Evolution, Behavior and Systematics, Adaptations, Ecology, leaf, Bean, 15. Life on land, lcsh:QK1-989, Leaf, 030104 developmental biology, Photosynthetically active radiation, Plant species, Biophysics, bean, adaptations, [SDE.BE]Environmental Sciences/Biodiversity and Ecology, 010606 plant biology & botany
Abstract: The circadian clock is a molecular timer of metabolism that affects the diurnal pattern of stomatal conductance (gs), amongst other processes, in a broad array of plant species. The function of circadian gs regulation remains unknown and here, we test whether circadian regulation helps to optimize diurnal variations in stomatal conductance. We subjected bean (Phaseolus vulgaris) and cotton (Gossypium hirsutum) canopies to fixed, continuous environmental conditions of photosynthetically active radiation, temperature, and vapour pressure deficit (free-running conditions) over 48 h. We modelled gs variations in free-running conditions to test for two possible optimizations of stomatal behaviour under circadian regulation: (i) that stomata operate to maintain constant marginal water use efficiency, or (ii) that stomata maximize C net gain minus the costs or risks of hydraulic damage. We observed that both optimization models predicted gs poorly under free-running conditions, indicating that circadian regulation does not directly lead to stomatal optimization. We also demonstrate that failure to account for circadian variation in gs could potentially lead to biased parameter estimates during calibrations of stomatal models. More broadly, our results add to the emerging field of plant circadian ecology, where circadian controls may partially explain leaf-level patterns observed in the field.
Published: 2020
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40. Triple isotopic composition of oxygen in water and dioxygen during deglaciations recorded in the EPICA Dome C ice core to link climate, biosphere productivity and water cycle

Author: Antoine Grisart, Clément Piel, Nicolas Pasquier, Frédéric Prié, Bénédicte Minster, Thomas Extier, Thomas Blunier, Amaelle Landais, Ji-Woong Yang, Joana Sauze, Barbara Stenni, Alexandru Milcu, Margaux Brandon, Écotron Européen de Montpellier, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Centre d’Ecologie Fonctionnelle et Evolutive (CEFE), Université Paul-Valéry - Montpellier 3 (UPVM)-Centre international d'études supérieures en sciences agronomiques (Montpellier SupAgro)-École pratique des hautes études (EPHE), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université de Montpellier (UM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD [France-Sud])-Institut national d’études supérieures agronomiques de Montpellier (Montpellier SupAgro), and Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (Institut Agro)-Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (Institut Agro)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE)
Subjects: Biosphere, chemistry.chemical_element, 15. Life on land, Atmospheric sciences, Oxygen, Isotopic composition, Dome (geology), Ice core, Productivity (ecology), chemistry, 13. Climate action, Environmental science, Water cycle, [SDE.BE]Environmental Sciences/Biodiversity and Ecology
Abstract: High precision measurements of triple isotopic composition of oxygen in water is a useful tool to infer the dynamic of past hydrological cycle when measured in ice core together with δ18O and δD. In particular, the triple isotopic composition of oxygen in water provides information on the climatic conditions of the evaporative sources. In parallel, it has been shown that the triple isotopic composition of oxygen in the atmospheric dioxygen can be a useful tracer of the global biosphere productivity and hence reconstruct the dynamic of the global biosphere productivity in the past from measurements performed in the air bubbles. Measuring triple isotopic composition of oxygen both in the water and in the atmospheric dioxygen trapped in bubbles in ice cores is thus a strong added value to study the past variability of water cycle and biosphere productivity in parallel to climate change.Here, we first present new laboratory experiments performed in closed biological chambers to show how the triple isotopic composition of oxygen in atmospheric dioxygen can be used for quantification of the biosphere productivity with determination of fractionation coefficients. Then, we present new records of triple isotopic composition of oxygen in water and O2 trapped in bubbles from the EPICA Dome C ice core over the deglaciations of the last 800 ka.
Published: 2020
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41. Factors controlling the triple oxygen isotope composition of grass leaf water and phytoliths: insights for paleo-environmental reconstructions

Author: Amaelle Landais, Frédéric Prié, Christophe Peugeot, Clément Piel, Théodor Ouani, Christine Vallet-Coulomb, S. Afouda, Corinne Sonzogni, Jean-Charles Mazur, Sébastien Devidal, Martine Couapel, Elizabeth A. Webb, Anne Alexandre, Clément Outrequin, Centre européen de recherche et d'enseignement des géosciences de l'environnement (CEREGE), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Aix Marseille Université (AMU)-Collège de France (CdF (institution))-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE), Laboratoire des Sciences du Climat et de l'Environnement [Gif-sur-Yvette] (LSCE), Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Écotron Européen de Montpellier, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Hydrosciences Montpellier (HSM), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université de Montpellier (UM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement [Cotonou, Bénin] (IRD), and Department of Earth Sciences, University of Western Ontario, N6A 5B7 London, Ontario
Subjects: Chemistry, Environmental chemistry, [SDU.STU]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Earth Sciences, Composition (visual arts), Leaf water, Isotopes of oxygen
Abstract: The oxygen isotope signature of leaf water is used to trace several processes at the soil-plant-atmosphere interface. During photosynthesis, it is transferred to the oxygen isotope signature of atmospheric CO2 and O2, which can be used for reconstructing past changes in gross primary production. The oxygen isotope signature of leaf water additionally imprints leaf organic and mineral compounds, such as phytoliths, used as paleoclimate and paleovegetation proxies when extracted from sedimentary materials.Numerous experimental and modelling studies were dedicated to constrain the main parameters responsible for changes in the δ18O of leaf water. Although these models usually correctly depict the main trends of 18O-enrichment of the leaf water when relative humidity decreases, the calculated absolute values often depart from the observed ones by several ‰. Moreover, the δ18O of leaf water absorbed by plants is dependent on the δ18O value of meteoric and soil waters that can vary by several ‰ at different space and time scales. These added uncertainties make our knowledge of the parameters responsible for changes in the δ18O of leaf water and phytoliths flawed.Changes in the triple oxygen isotope composition of leaf water, expressed by the 17O-excess, are controlled by fewer variables than changes in δ18O. In meteoric water the 17O-excess varies slightly as it is weakly affected by temperature or phase changes during air mass transport. This makes the soil water fed by meteoric water and the atmospheric vapour in equilibrium with meteoric water changing little from a place to another. Hence the 17O-excess of leaf water is essentially controlled by the evaporative fractionation. The latest depends on the ratio of vapor pressure in the air to vapor pressure in the stomata intercellular space, close to relative humidity. Leaf water evaporative fractionation can lead to 17O-excess negative values that can exceed most of surficial water ones.Here we present the outcomes of several recent growth chamber and field studies, for the purpose of i) refining the grass leaf water and phytoliths δ18O and 17O-excess modelling, ii) assessing whether the δ18O and 17O-excess of grass leaf water can be reconstructed from phytoliths, and iii) examining the precision of the 17O-excess of phytoliths as a new proxy for past changes in continental atmospheric relative humidity. Atmospheric continental relative humidity is an important climate parameter poorly constrained in global climate models. A model-data comparison approach, applicable beyond the instrumental period, is essential to progress on this issue. However, there is currently a lack of proxies allowing quantitative reconstruction of past continental relative humidity. The 17O-excess signature of phytoliths could fill this gap.
Published: 2020
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42. Species richness and functional-trait effects on fine root biomass along a subtropical tree diversity gradient

Author: Bo Zhou, Yelin Zeng, Pifeng Lei, Oscar J. Valverde-Barrantes, Jiangping Fang, Wenhua Xiang, Shuai Ouyang, Weixian Zeng, Alexandru Milcu, Liang Chen, Centre d’Ecologie Fonctionnelle et Evolutive (CEFE), Université Paul-Valéry - Montpellier 3 (UPVM)-Centre international d'études supérieures en sciences agronomiques (Montpellier SupAgro)-École pratique des hautes études (EPHE), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université de Montpellier (UM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD [France-Sud])-Institut national d’études supérieures agronomiques de Montpellier (Montpellier SupAgro), Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (Institut Agro)-Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (Institut Agro)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE), Écotron Européen de Montpellier, and Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)
Subjects: 0106 biological sciences, Biomass (ecology), Ecology, Biodiversity, Soil Science, 04 agricultural and veterinary sciences, Plant Science, Subtropics, 15. Life on land, Biology, 01 natural sciences, Phylogenetic diversity, 040103 agronomy & agriculture, Trait, 0401 agriculture, forestry, and fisheries, Ecosystem, Species richness, [SDE.BE]Environmental Sciences/Biodiversity and Ecology, Cwm, ComputingMilieux_MISCELLANEOUS, 010606 plant biology & botany
Abstract: There is evidence that different facets of biodiversity such as species richness (SR), phylogenetic diversity (PD) and functional diversity (FD) can modulate ecosystem functioning via niche-complementarity or mass-ratio effects, but the support for these hypotheses on fine root biomass remains unclear. In a tree diversity gradient in subtropical forests (ranging from 2 to 10 tree species), we identified the species identity of fine roots (≤ 2 mm in diameter) using a molecular method. This allowed computation of PD as well as trait-based FD and community-weighted means (CWM) metrics, which were then tested as predictors of fine root biomass. Three metrics (SR, CWM of specific root length and PD) were positively related to root biomass. SR was the best predictor of fine root biomass and its predicting ability depended on stand density. The predicting power of CWM of specific root length varied with the soil nutrient status. Overall, the results supported both tested hypotheses (mass-ratio and niche-complementarity) that seem to be non-mutually exclusive. Furthermore, our findings emphasize that stand density and soil nutrient status are the important variables driving fine root biomass and trait-values.
Published: 2020
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43. Leaf litter morphological traits, invertebrate body mass and phylogenetic affiliation explain the feeding and feces properties of saprophagous macroarthropods

Author: Pierre Ganault, Sandra Barantal, Sylvain Coq, Stephan Hättenschwiler, Shéhérazade Lucas, Thibaud Decaëns, Johanne Nahmani, Centre d’Ecologie Fonctionnelle et Evolutive (CEFE), Université Paul-Valéry - Montpellier 3 (UPVM)-École Pratique des Hautes Études (EPHE), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD [France-Sud])-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE)-Institut Agro Montpellier, Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (Institut Agro)-Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (Institut Agro)-Université de Montpellier (UM), Etude et Compréhension de la biodiversité (ECODIV), Université de Rouen Normandie (UNIROUEN), Normandie Université (NU)-Normandie Université (NU), Écotron Européen de Montpellier, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), and This research was part of the SoilForEUROPE project (website : https://websie.cefe.cnrs.fr/soilforeurope/) funded through the 2015-2016 BiodivERsA COFUND call for research proposals, with the national funders Agence Nationale de la Recherche (ANR, France), Belgian Science Policy Office (BELSPO, Belgium), Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft (DFG, Germany), Research Foundation Flanders (FWO, Belgium), and The Swedish Research Council (FORMAS, Sweden). This work was possible thanks to the grant awarded to Pierre Ganault from the 'Ecole Doctorale GAIA' of the University of Montpellier as well as the French unemployment allowance. The experiment was conducted at the Terrain d’Expérience and chemical analyses were performed at the Plateforme d’Analyses Chimiques en Ecologie, technical facilities of the LabEx Centre Mediterranéen de l’Environnement et de la Biodiversité.
Subjects: Feces production, [SDV.BA.ZI]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Animal biology/Invertebrate Zoology, Consumption rate, Palatability, Feeding preferences, Insect Science, Soil Science, Microhabitat, [SDE.BE]Environmental Sciences/Biodiversity and Ecology, Litter transformation, [SDV.AEN]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Food and Nutrition, Microbiology
Abstract: International audience; Saprophagous macroarthropods are important actors in litter decomposition as they process large amounts of litter and transform it into fecal pellets that differ in chemical and physical properties compared to ingested litter. When having a choice among several litter types, saprophagous macroarthropods exhibit feeding preferences depending on their nutritional requirements and body size. However, how these preferences affect feces properties is not well known. We compared the feeding preferences, production of fecal pellets and their properties for six widespread saprophagous macroarthropods species feeding on a litter mix of four common tree species from Mediterranean forests. The six animal species showed different feeding preferences that were not correlated to litter nutritional quality. Instead, we suggest that the use as microhabitat of the leaves of one litter species with tubular shape by macroarthropods induced its higher consumption despite having the lowest nutritional value. Larger species consumed less litter per unit of body mass and had a more diverse diet composition. Furthermore, feces properties could not be linked to the diet composition, but always had higher nutritional value and water holding capacity compared to the leaf litter. The three woodlice species consistently produced feces with higher tannin concentration, higher specific area, and lower water holding capacity than that of the three millipede species. Our study calls for the consideration of other leaf litter properties than the generally studied physical and chemical ones, as well as quantifying the difference between millipede and woodlice feces properties that may have functional implication for nutrient cycling.
Published: 2022
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44. Resistance and resilience of soil microbial communities to drought and heat stress in a Mediterranean agroforestry system

Author: Guillot, Esther, Hinsinger, Philippe, Dufour, Lydie, Roy , Jacques, Bertrand, Isabelle, Ecologie Fonctionnelle et Biogéochimie des Sols (Eco&Sols), Ecole Nationale Supérieure Agronomique de Montpellier (ENSA M)-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Centre international d'études supérieures en sciences agronomiques (Montpellier SupAgro), Fonctionnement et conduite des systèmes de culture tropicaux et méditerranéens (UMR SYSTEM), Centre de Coopération Internationale en Recherche Agronomique pour le Développement (Cirad)-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Centre international d'études supérieures en sciences agronomiques (Montpellier SupAgro)-Centre International de Hautes Etudes Agronomiques Méditerranéennes - Institut Agronomique Méditerranéen de Montpellier (CIHEAM-IAMM), Centre International de Hautes Études Agronomiques Méditerranéennes (CIHEAM)-Centre International de Hautes Études Agronomiques Méditerranéennes (CIHEAM)-Institut national d’études supérieures agronomiques de Montpellier (Montpellier SupAgro), Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (Institut Agro)-Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (Institut Agro), Écotron Européen de Montpellier, and Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)
Subjects: [SDV.MP]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Microbiology and Parasitology, [SDV.SA.SF]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Agricultural sciences/Silviculture, forestry, fungi, food and beverages, [SDE.BE]Environmental Sciences/Biodiversity and Ecology
Abstract: International audience; Agroforestry systems are of growing interest and viewed as possible alternative to conventional cropping systems in the context of climate change. Our aim was to evaluate the resistance and resilience of soil microbial communities against drought with or without heat stress at different distances from the tree row in an agroforestry system as compared to a conventional cropping system. We simulated two cycles of drying-rewetting under controlled conditions and applied three distinct treatments: control (without stress), drought and drought combined with heat stress. We monitored microbial respiration over the incubation period. The inorganic N and microbial biomass C, N and P contents (MBC, MBN and MBP) were assessed during the drying period (resistance), just after rewetting and at the end of the experiment (resilience), while bacterial and fungal abundances were measured at the end of the resistance period. We demonstrated that an agroforestry system can induce spatial heterogeneity in soil microbial biomass and functions under control conditions. Microbial biomass and activity, soil organic matter (SOM) and mineral N levels increased on the tree row. This spatial heterogeneity pattern was preserved for soil microbial response to drought combined or not with heat. Microorganisms sampled in the middle of the interrow or in the conventional crop exhibited highest biomass resistance and lowest resilience when facing combined drought and heat stress. Our findings suggested that despite higher SOM content, microbial biomass and activity at and near the tree row, the legacy effect of the tree row did not lead to higher ecological stability under stressful climatic conditions. We also demonstrated that soil microorganisms can considerably change their stoichiometry depending on the stress treatment. A high stoichiometric flexibility of microorganisms was observed when exposed to drought stress only, while stoichiometric changes were irreversible when exposed to combined drought and heat stress.
Published: 2019

45. Effects of grass leaf anatomy, development and light/dark alternation on the triple oxygen isotope signature of leaf water and phytoliths: insights for a new proxy of continental atmospheric humidity

Author: Anne Alexandre, Corinne Sonzogni, Frédéric Prié, Christine Vallet-Coulomb, Clément Piel, Martine Couapel, Sébastien Devidal, Amaelle Landais, Monique Pierre, Jacques Roy, Jean-Charles Mazur, Elizabeth A. Webb, Centre européen de recherche et d'enseignement des géosciences de l'environnement (CEREGE), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Aix Marseille Université (AMU)-Collège de France (CdF (institution))-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Respiratory Epidemiology and Public Health, Imperial College London-Royal Brompton Hospital-National Heart and Lung Institute [UK], Laboratoire des Sciences du Climat et de l'Environnement [Gif-sur-Yvette] (LSCE), Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Bordeaux population health (BPH), Université de Bordeaux (UB)-Institut de Santé Publique, d'Épidémiologie et de Développement (ISPED)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), Écotron Européen de Montpellier, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Collège de France (CdF)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Aix Marseille Université (AMU)-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA), Université Paris-Saclay-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Ecotron, Aix Marseille Université (AMU)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Collège de France (CdF (institution))-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA), Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ), and Alexandre, Anne
Subjects: [SDE] Environmental Sciences, 010504 meteorology & atmospheric sciences, Isotope, Chemistry, [SDE.MCG]Environmental Sciences/Global Changes, Leaf water, Anatomy, 15. Life on land, 01 natural sciences, Isotopes of oxygen, [SDE.MCG] Environmental Sciences/Global Changes, 13. Climate action, Phytolith, [SDE]Environmental Sciences, Relative humidity, Elongation, Transect, Atmospheric humidity, 0105 earth and related environmental sciences
Abstract: Continental relative humidity (RH) is a key-climate parameter. However, there is a lack of quantitative RH proxies suitable for climate model-data comparisons. Recently, a combination of climate chamber and natural transect calibrations laid the groundwork for examining the robustness of the triple oxygen isotope composition (δ18O, δ17O) of phytoliths as a new proxy for past changes in RH. However, it was recommended that besides RH, additional factors that may impact δ18O and δ17O of plant water and phytoliths be examined. Here, the effects of leaf anatomy, leaf development stage and day/night alternations are addressed from the growth of the grass species F. arundinacea in climate chambers. Plant water and phytoliths are analyzed in δ18O and δ17O. Silicification patterns are examined using light and scanning electron observation of phytoliths. The isotope data show the increasing contribution of evaporated epidermal water to the bulk leaf water, from sheath to proximal and apical leaf blade. However, despite this isotope heterogeneity, δ18O and δ17O of the bulk leaf water can be predicted by the Craig and Gordon model, in the given experimental conditions (high RH). Regarding phytoliths, their forming water (mainly epidermal) is, as expected, more impacted by evaporation than the bulk leaf water. This discrepancy increases from sheath to proximal and apical blade and can be explained by the steepening of the radial concentration gradient of evaporated water along the leaf. However, we show that because most of silica polymerizes in epidermal long cells of the apical blade of the leaves, the δ18O and δ17O of bulk grass phytoliths should not be impacted by the diversity in grass anatomy. The data additionally show that most of silica polymerizes at the end of the leaf elongation stage and at the transition towards leaf senescence. Thus, climate conditions at that time should be considered when interpreting δ18O and δ17O of phytoliths from the natural environment. At least, no light/dark effect was detected on the δ18O and δ17O signature of plant water and phytoliths of F. arundinacea. However, when day/night alternations are characterized by significant changes in RH, the lowest RH conditions favoring evaporation and silica polymerization should be considered when calibrating the phytolith proxy. This study contributes to the identification of the parameters driving the δ18O and δ17O of bulk grass phytoliths. It additionally brings elements to further understand and model the δ18O and δ17O of grass leaf water, which influences the isotope signal of several processes at the soil/plant/atmosphere interface.
Published: 2019
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46. Contrasting effects of tree species and genetic diversity on the leaf-miner communities associated with silver birch

Author: Bastien Castagneyrol, Julia Koricheva, Walter Durka, Glenn R. Iason, Sandra Barantal, Simon Morath, School of Biological Sciences, Royal Holloway [University of London] (RHUL), Écotron Européen de Montpellier, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Biodiversité, Gènes & Communautés (BioGeCo), Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Université de Bordeaux (UB), Helmholtz Zentrum für Umweltforschung = Helmholtz Centre for Environmental Research (UFZ), The James Hutton Institute, and Forest Research [Great Britain]
Subjects: 0106 biological sciences, [SDV]Life Sciences [q-bio], Biodiversity, Leaf miner, Biology, 010603 evolutionary biology, 01 natural sciences, Genetic diversity, Plant-Microbe-Animal Interactions–Original Research, Trees, Abundance (ecology), Animals, Boreal forest, Betula, Ecosystem, Finland, Ecology, Evolution, Behavior and Systematics, Species diversity, Herbivore, Ecology, 010604 marine biology & hydrobiology, fungi, Genetic Variation, Plant community, 15. Life on land, respiratory system, Leaf miners, Species richness, human activities
Abstract: Both species and genetic diversity of plant communities can affect insect herbivores, but a few studies have compared the effects of both diversity levels within the same experimental context. We compared the effects of tree species and genetic diversity on abundance, species richness, and β-diversity of leaf-miner communities associated with silver birch using two long-term forest diversity experiments in Finland where birch trees were planted in monocultures and mixtures of birch genotypes or other trees species. Although both abundance and species richness of leaf miners differed among birch genotypes at the tree level, birch genetic diversity had no significant effect on miner abundance and species richness at the plot level. Instead, birch genetic diversity affected leaf-miner β-diversity with species turnover being higher among trees within genotypic mixtures than among trees within monoclonal plots. In contrast, tree species diversity had a significant negative effect on both leaf-miner abundance and species richness at plot level, but no effect on miner β-diversity. Significant tree species diversity effects on leaf-miner abundance and species richness were found only in plots with high tree density. We have demonstrated that plant species and genetic diversity play important but contrasting roles in structuring associated herbivore communities. Tree species diversity largely affects miner abundance and species richness, whereas tree genetic diversity affects miner β-diversity. These results have important implications for conservation and management of woodlands. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (10.1007/s00442-019-04351-x) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
Published: 2019
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47. Plant diversity generates enhanced soil microbial access to recently photosynthesized carbon in the rhizosphere

Author: Perla Griselle Mellado-Vázquez, Annette Gockele, Stefan Karlowsky, Markus Lange, Jacques Roy, Gerd Gleixner, Christiane Roscher, Clément Piel, Doerte Bachmann, Alexandru Milcu, Écotron Européen de Montpellier, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), German Center for Integrative Biodiversity Research (iDiv) Halle-Jena- Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany, Max Planck Institute for Biogeochemistry (MPI-BGC), and Max-Planck-Gesellschaft
Subjects: 0106 biological sciences, Soil Science, Biology, 010603 evolutionary biology, 01 natural sciences, Microbiology, Nutrient, Botany, Organic matter, Ecosystem, ComputingMilieux_MISCELLANEOUS, 2. Zero hunger, chemistry.chemical_classification, Rhizosphere, Soil organic matter, fungi, food and beverages, Plant community, 04 agricultural and veterinary sciences, Mineralization (soil science), 15. Life on land, Microbial population biology, Agronomy, chemistry, 13. Climate action, 040103 agronomy & agriculture, 0401 agriculture, forestry, and fisheries, [SDE.BE]Environmental Sciences/Biodiversity and Ecology
Abstract: Plant diversity positively impacts ecosystem services such as biomass production and soil organic matter (SOM) storage. Both processes counteract increasing atmospheric CO 2 concentration and global warming and consequently need better understanding. In general it is assumed that complementary resource use is driving the positive biomass effect and that the rhizospheric microbial community provides the necessary nutrients mineralizing SOM. So far however, it remains unclear how this link between the above and the belowground system is functioning; in detail it remains unclear if a more efficient CO 2 uptake at higher diversity levels leads to higher root exudation that stimulate the microbial mineralization. Contrastingly we show here for the first time that more diverse grassland communities provide a better access to root exudates for the rhizospheric community. We applied a continuous 13 CO 2 label in a controlled environment (The Montpellier European Ecotron) to ecosystem monoliths from the long-term The Jena Experiment and showed analyzing the δ 13 C content of phospholipid fatty acids and neutral lipid fatty acid that plant diversity increased the plant-derived C uptake of Gram negative bacteria and arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF). Root biomass but not the amount and δ 13 C content of root sugars positively influenced the plant diversity effect observed on Gram negative bacteria whereas the specific interaction between plant and AMF was independent from any plant trait. Our results demonstrate that plant diversity facilitated the accessibility of plant derived C but not the above-belowground transfer rates. This facilitating effect enabled more diverse plant communities to use complementary C and most likely nutrient resources both from soil organic matter mineralization for better growth. We anticipate from our results that plant diversity effects are less driven by the performance of individuals in mixtures (trait plasticity) but by the combination of individuals that interact independently (trait complementarity).
Published: 2016
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48. Genetic control of stomatal conductance in maize and conditional effects to water deficit and evaporative demand as revealed by phenomics

Author: Alvarez Prado, Santiago, Cabrera Bosquet, Llorenç, Grau , Antonin, Coupel-Ledru, Aude, Millet, Emilie, Tardieu, Francois, Écophysiologie des Plantes sous Stress environnementaux (LEPSE), Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Centre international d'études supérieures en sciences agronomiques (Montpellier SupAgro)-Institut national d’études supérieures agronomiques de Montpellier (Montpellier SupAgro), Écotron Européen de Montpellier, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Amélioration génétique et adaptation des plantes méditerranéennes et tropicales (UMR AGAP), Centre de Coopération Internationale en Recherche Agronomique pour le Développement (Cirad)-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Centre international d'études supérieures en sciences agronomiques (Montpellier SupAgro)-Institut national d’études supérieures agronomiques de Montpellier (Montpellier SupAgro), Biometris, Wageningen University and Research [Wageningen] (WUR), ANR‐10‐ BTBR‐01 (Amaizing), ANR-10-BTBR-0001,AMAIZING,Développer de nouvelles variétés de maïs pour une agriculture durable: une approche intégrée de la génomique à la sélection(2010), European Project: 244374,EC:FP7:KBBE,FP7-KBBE-2009-3,DROPS(2010), Institut national d’études supérieures agronomiques de Montpellier (Montpellier SupAgro), Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (Institut Agro)-Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (Institut Agro)-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Centre international d'études supérieures en sciences agronomiques (Montpellier SupAgro), and Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (Institut Agro)-Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (Institut Agro)
Subjects: plateforme de phénotypage, zea mays, Vegetal Biology, scénario climatique, déficit hydrique, qtl, fungi, food and beverages, [SDV.BV]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Vegetal Biology, conductance stomatique, Biologie végétale, contrôle génétique
Abstract: International audience; Plants tend to decrease transpiration under water deficit and/or high evaporative demand by closing stomata. Stomatal conductance is central for the trades‐off between hydraulics and photosynthesis. We aimed at deciphering its genetic control and that of its responses to evaporative demand and water deficit, a nearly impossible task with gas exchanges measurements. Whole‐plant stomatal conductance was estimated via inversion of the Penman–Monteith equation from data of transpiration and plant architecture collected in a phenotyping platform. We have analyzed jointly 4 experiments with contrasting environmental conditions imposed to a panel of 254 maize hybrids. Estimated whole‐plant stomatal conductance closely correlated with gas‐exchange measurements and biomass accumulation rate. Sixteen robust quantitative trait loci (QTLs) were identified by genome wide association studies and co‐located with QTLs of transpiration and biomass. They accounted for 58% of the additive genetic variance and 40% of the genotype × environment interaction. Light, vapour pressure deficit (VPD), or soil water potential largely accounted for the differences in allelic effects between experiments, thereby providing strong hypotheses for mechanisms of stomatal control and explaining part of the observed genotype × environment interaction. Light positively affected the allelic effects of three QTLs (e.g. R2 = 0.74), whereas VPD and water deficit negatively affected the allelic effects of other four QTLs. The combination of SNP effects, as affected by environmental conditions, accounted for the variability of stomatal conductance across a range of hybrids and environmental conditions (R2 = 0.86). This approach may therefore contribute prediction of stomatal control in diverse environments and to breeding for water efficient maize.
Published: 2018

49. Litter quality impacts the CNP stoichiometric homeostasis of the soil microbial biomass

Author: Yuan, Haijing, Hinsinger, Philippe, Hättenschwiler, Stephan, Milcu, Alexandru, Bertrand, Isabelle, Ecologie fonctionnelle et biogéochimie des sols et des agro-écosystèmes (UMR Eco&Sols), Institut national d’études supérieures agronomiques de Montpellier (Montpellier SupAgro), Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (Institut Agro)-Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (Institut Agro)-Centre international d'études supérieures en sciences agronomiques (Montpellier SupAgro)-Centre de Coopération Internationale en Recherche Agronomique pour le Développement (Cirad)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA), Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS), Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University (FAFU), Centre d’Ecologie Fonctionnelle et Evolutive (CEFE), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Montpellier (UM)-École pratique des hautes études (EPHE), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Centre international d'études supérieures en sciences agronomiques (Montpellier SupAgro)-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Université Paul-Valéry - Montpellier 3 (UPVM)-Institut national d’études supérieures agronomiques de Montpellier (Montpellier SupAgro), Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (Institut Agro)-Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (Institut Agro)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD [France-Sud]), Écotron Européen de Montpellier, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), and ProdInra, Migration
Subjects: [SDU.STU.GC]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Earth Sciences/Geochemistry, [SDU.STU.GC] Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Earth Sciences/Geochemistry, [SDV.BV]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Vegetal Biology, [SDV.BV] Life Sciences [q-bio]/Vegetal Biology, ComputingMilieux_MISCELLANEOUS
Abstract: International audience
Published: 2017

50. ARCAD: a new platform dedicated to the characterization of seeds and the analysis of their germination quality

Author: Barbier, Anne-Sophie, Defossez, Marc, Roumet, Pierre, Pham, Jean-Louis, Prosperi, Jean-Marie, Amélioration génétique et adaptation des plantes méditerranéennes et tropicales (UMR AGAP), Centre de Coopération Internationale en Recherche Agronomique pour le Développement (Cirad)-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Centre international d'études supérieures en sciences agronomiques (Montpellier SupAgro)-Institut national d’études supérieures agronomiques de Montpellier (Montpellier SupAgro), Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (Institut Agro)-Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (Institut Agro), Écotron Européen de Montpellier, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD), and ProdInra, Migration
Subjects: [SDV.BV]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Vegetal Biology, [SDV.BV] Life Sciences [q-bio]/Vegetal Biology, ComputingMilieux_MISCELLANEOUS
Abstract: National audience
Published: 2017

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