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L’Afrique noire, perçue comme une terre sans propriétaire, fait l’objet de balkanisation à la Conférence de Berlin entre 1884 et 1885. Dans la foulée, Jules Ferry annonce le droit absolu des races dites "supérieures" (blanches) sur les races dites "inférieures" (noires). La puissance colonisatrice imposait alors sa vision du monde comme la seule valable, et l’assimilation comme seul moyen de progrès. Bref, de départir les autochtones d’une grande partie de leurs croyances, notamment islamiques, qui, dans la vision coloniale, devaient être remplacées par d’autres venues d’Europe. Pour ce faire, le thème de l’évangélisation des peuples indigènes devait être mis en avant, en Afrique subsaharienne, par des missionnaires catholiques européens sous l’égide de l’administration coloniale et, bien entendu, à ses ordres. Le missionnaire et le colonialiste étaient alors, et sans aucun doute, très complices. Tous deux, chacun à sa manière, étaient au service d’une idéologie qui s’évertuait à faire accepter une "supériorité" de l’homme blanc sur l’homme non blanc. Dans cette optique, ils ont été amenés à se liguer pour combattre l’Islam et sa civilisation.

It is a glaring fact that the environment has constantly been subjected to deforestation, air and atmospheric pollution, and many other related factors that threaten both human and animal life. Individuals, governments, churches, etc. have long identified the pressure on the ecology and have addressed it from different perspectives. This paper thus sought to address this environmental problem from a religious or Christian point of view. Since the paper involved the analysis of a text (Mark 16:15), text critical method was applied. This method studies and compares ancient manuscripts of texts like biblical passages to find out which texts were originally written by the author and can thus be proved authentic. It was found out in the analysis that though Mark 16:15 was not written by the original author of Mark’s gospel, the text laid bare the fact that Christians especially, must have a strong sense of responsibility towards nature. Enshrined in Jesus’s mandate to his disciples in Mark 16:15 is the Christian responsibility to care for created things. It appears, however, that in their evangelisation plans, Christians concentrate more on the salvation of human beings than the survival of the ecology which suffers from the handiworks of humans. Christians are, therefore, encouraged to value nature and take necessary measures to ensure its survival. This paper contributes to the debate on how sacred texts can positively influence humanity’s attitudes towards the ecosystem. It creates the awareness that nature is God’s greatest gift to humanity and must be properly cared for.

This article explores ethnographically the impact of foreign missionaries in a Maya Mam community of Guatemala between 1954 and the end of the 1970s. As previously evidenced, the development-oriented activities of the missionaries were well received by local youths as they enabled their empowerment before the Ladino population and endorsed rebellion against the civil-religious status quo of communal power. This article proposes that, despite causing a rupture that sometimes escalated into violence, the communal order reshaped by rebellious youths maintained elements of continuity with the past. By analysing the persistent entanglement of power and religion and an emerging relevance of basketball through the lens of Graeber and Sahlins’ reflections on the divine origins of power, we can see how, under the surface of the explicit rupture, there was a hidden attempt to appropriate modernity by placing it within the Indigenous logics of rituality and power. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Street preaching can be defined as a religious practice in which evangelists seek to spread their Christian faith and messages to unknown people in open-air and free transit spaces (e.g. parks, avenues, boulevards, squares). Because of the increasing presence of street preachers in the streets of Barcelona, Spain, encountering evangelists or 'being approached' has become intrinsic to the urban experience of some inhabitants. Using a qualitative methodology based on in-depth interviews and ethnographic observations, I explore why and how Pentecostal believers—many of whom are from Latin American backgrounds—engage in street preaching in Barcelona. In so doing, I seek to engage in conversations about the visibility of religious minorities' performance in European urban settings and contribute to the 'reverse mission' debate in World Christianity as well as to the study of migrant Pentecostalism in Europe. I argue that, in order to understand why some Pentecostal Latin American believers venture into urban spaces, it is crucial to complement recruitment-based approaches with perspectives that re-conceptualise street preaching from a social, ethnic, and spatial standpoint. I suggest that street preaching intertwines with Christian beliefs, moral representations of the city, and ethnic concerns and acts as a critical medium through which street preachers claim a space for God in the city of Barcelona. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

It is a glaring fact that the environment has constantly been subjected to deforestation, air and atmospheric pollution, and many other related factors that threaten both human and animal life. Individuals, governments, churches, etc. have long identified the pressure on the ecology and have addressed it from different perspectives. This paper thus sought to address this environmental problem from a religious or Christian point of view. Since the paper involved the analysis of a text (Mark 16:15), text critical method was applied. This method studies and compares ancient manuscripts of texts like biblical passages to find out which texts were originally written by the author and can thus be proved authentic. It was found out in the analysis that though Mark 16:15 was not written by the original author of Mark's gospel, the text laid bare the fact that Christians especially, must have a strong sense of responsibility towards nature. Enshrined in Jesus's mandate to his disciples in Mark 16:15 is the Christian responsibility to care for created things. It appears, however, that in their evangelisation plans, Christians concentrate more on the salvation of human beings than the survival of the ecology which suffers from the handiworks of humans. Christians are, therefore, encouraged to value nature and take necessary measures to ensure its survival. This paper contributes to the debate on how sacred texts can positively influence humanity's attitudes towards the ecosystem. It creates the awareness that nature is God's greatest gift to humanity and must be properly cared for. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The article presents selected examples of the synthesis of the Gospel and life, which is the goal of contemporary evangelization. In implementing the prophetic purpose, it was emphasized that the proclamation of the Word of God is to illuminate and transform human existence. In implementing the priestly function, the focus was on celebrating the Eucharist, revealing it as a source of human strength and energy, a school of sacramental perception of life and appreciation of matter, as well as a space for forming a new man. In the implementation of the priestly function, however, attention was paid to the presence of the Church in the world and the Christian lifestyle, which is closely related to the promotion of man and the quality of his life. The study emphasizes that the existential orientation of evangelization establishes the proper relationship of the Church with the world. It involves accepting the world, dialogue with it, and transforming it in the spirit of the Gospel.

The present study analyzes fifty years of theological reflection in Uruguay, specifically at the Faculty of Theology of Uruguay "Mons. Mariano Soler" and its predecessor, the Theological Institute of Uruguay. These periodic publications demonstrate the research and production work in the area of theological thought in the country. Over time, different research topics have emerged, addressed from the different specialties of theological knowledge and ecclesiastical sciences in general. The progress of the Theological Institute of Uruguay has contributed to giving more importance to research and being more demanding in publications. The article presents the emergence of academic publications in Uruguay in the 1970s, as part of the Latin American theological movement following the Second Vatican Council. These publications, which include an Annual Book and a series of Notebooks, seek to be theological and pastoral contributions in service to the Church. The text talks about the publications of the Theological Institute of Uruguay and their evolution over the years. Initially, five issues of the magazine "Puntos de Apoyo" were published in 1983 and 1984, addressing specific topics related to theology. Then, for three years, there were no new publications. Starting in 1995, the magazine "Soleriana" began to be published, replacing the Annual Book and being published semi-annually. This new stage coincides with the creation of the degree in theology of evangelization and seeks to promote theological reflection in the service of evangelization in a context of secularization and social challenges. Soleriana magazine presents itself as a resource for the evangelization of Uruguayan culture, promoting interdisciplinary dialogue from theological thought. In 2000, the creation of the Faculty of Theology of Uruguay "Mons. Mariano Soler" is announced and the magazine becomes the faculty's magazine. The article presents a summary of the issues of Soleriana magazine published between 2001 and 2015. The topics addressed in each issue are mentioned, such as hope, the Virgin Mary, religiosity, and the evangelization of culture. It is highlighted that the magazine has experienced a crisis and decline in recent years, with a decrease in the number of issues published. The importance of research and academic production in the theological field is emphasized. Soleriana magazine has gone through different stages over the years. In the first stage, it focused on the history of the Church in Uruguay and had the participation of faculty students. In the second stage, the magazine faced difficulties and stopped having previous sections. In the third stage, the magazine was revitalized and began to be published semi-annually, with new sections and a focus on research. Style guidelines have been introduced and blind peer review has been implemented. The article presents the history of theological production at the Faculty of Theology of Uruguay "Mons. Mariano Soler" through its publications. The importance of Soleriana magazine is highlighted, which has adopted a style manual for article submission and has established formal requirements. The magazine has exclusively relied on research papers from authors, mostly faculty members. Additionally, the creation of its own research lines and the exchange with other academic publications are mentioned. On the other hand, the existence of books edited by the institution is mentioned, mainly by faculty professors. In conclusion, the contribution of these publications to Uruguayan theological production and their objective of contributing to the Church and national culture is highlighted. The article presents the work of the Theological Institute in Uruguay over the past 50 years. Although proposals for liberation theology emerged in the country, the institute did not embrace them. [Extracted from the article]

Le christianisme africain on le sait, est intimement lié à la situation coloniale et souffre de l’ambiguïté de celle-ci. L’évangélisation de l’Afrique s’est faite dans un contexte de violence. Les missionnaires européens n’ont pas pu renoncer à la politique de la « tabula rasa » et considère l’homme africain avec ses aspirations fondamentales, avec sa vision particulière du monde, de l’homme et de Dieu. C’est une thèse chère à la société africaine que dans tous les rapports qui se sont établis entre l’Afrique et l’Europe. La conversion à l’église supposait l’adhésion à des valeurs occidentales touchant le fondement même de la société africaine.

ENGLISH ABSTRACT: In a Danish context, Filipino migrants are often positioned as working class laborers from the global South. Yet this political positioning of work migrants does not catch the complex processes of individual social positioning within a transnational space. This article shows how social class is shaped by 1) political mobilization, 2) positions of employment and social status, 3) processes of gendered intimacy, and 4) performances of embodiment. Throughout every aspect, individual and institutional religiosity creates alternative spaces where the established social classes become less important. The interviewed Filipino Christians apply individual narratives of religious endeavour to complement their social situation in Denmark. DANSK RESUMÉ: Filippinske migranter bliver i en dansk kontekst ofte positioneret som ufaglært arbejdskraft fra det globale syd. Men den politiske positionering tager ikke højde for den ofte komplekse individuelle placering i et transnationalt socialt rum. Artiklen viser, hvordan social klasse er formet af 1) politisk mobilisering, 2) erhvervsmæssig placering og social status, 3) kønnede processer i intimsfæren, og 4) kropsliggørelse. I alle aspekter skaber både individuel og institutionel religiøsitet alternative rum, hvor de etablerede sociale klasser bliver mindre vigtige. De interviewede filippinske kristne kultiverer religiøse modnarrativer, der giver andre perspektiver på deres sociale situation i Danmark.

This paper focuses on the period of colonisation of Tierra del Fuego at the end of the 19th century and focuses on the actions of Thomas Bridges, an Anglican missionary, and Lucas Bridges, his son, a rancher with a good relationship with the native population. It analyses the continuity between them of certain conceptions of evangelisation – and its counterpart, civilisation – coming from the missionary milieus in which the father had been trained and acted, as well as the mutations and re-elaborations of some of its components in the son's actions.

Between 1844 and 1853, Guillaume Douarre, the first vicar apostolic of New Caledonia, along with a few Marist fathers and brothers, landed to evangelize New Caledonia. In a land untouched by colonial presence, despite France's intentions to take possession, the Marists began preaching in the local language they had learned. Immersed in a culture they were trying to understand, they obtained a few converts and trained catechists as future relays to the inhabitants. But in 1847, while Douarre was on a trip to Europe, a coalition led by several Kanak chiefs destroyed the mission and massacred one of the brothers. Based on the Bishop's Diary we can trace the origins of this tragedy. We learn that the Kanaks are wondering whether the "souls of the ancestors have returned", setting up an initial misunderstanding. Souls who are supposed to have power over the elements of nature. A second misunderstanding takes shape : the rite of baptism dispensed by "ancestors" causes death for some, especially when the plague epidemic results in the death of Christians too. These causes, combined with various frustrations, led to the destruction of the mission. Despite this failure, the inculturation of Christianity was at work, as witnessed by the emergence of a solid little Christianity. This was formed by Marists, applying a pedagogy of evangelization respectful of cultures recommended by the Propaganda Fide Instructions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Because it has experienced a process of secularisation for more than three centuries, France can be considered as a laboratory of the relevance of faith in a society for which it is no longer the cultural matrix. By showing how the central question of secularisation is in fact that of the relationship between faith and culture, this article proposes to consider Catholic schools as places where a new way for the Catholic Church to support humanity in its growth, at a personal and community level, is being elaborated. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The deployment of digital technologies continues to lead us to a real upheaval in our ways of thinking, communicating, forming, transmit[1]ting the faith and evangelising. It is a kind of “digital ecosystem” that they establish. Catechesis is not exempt from this. The contribution considers seven main challenges that a “holistic e-catechesis” (in sense of digitised catechesis) seeks to address in the age of “digital ecologies”, due to changes in our relationships with knowledge, truth, temporality, authority, spiritual experience, pedagogy of initiation and community. We are urged to develop hybrid forms of combination between face-to-face and online catechesis, because given the law of “synesthetic” incarnation at the heart of the Christian faith, the all-digital approach remains an illusion.

Pope Francis, in his Apostolic Exhortation Gaudete et Exsultate on the call to holiness in today's world presents again, as his predecessors did, a nuclear and constitutive theme of Christian life: the universal call to holiness in the Church (Lumen Gentium V). As we can perceive in many other places in his magisterium, his intention is pastoral, so that he provides elements to permeate the Church's mission in its different fields, as a way of fullness for the person and the community, but also as the specific contribution of believers in the social context they are called to care for and transform. With this article we want to offer a brief spiritual theology of holiness that provides a biblical, historical and dogmatic foundation that nourishes and deepens the ministry practice. To achieve this goal, we have delved into the sources of spiritual theology: (1) The data revealed from the selection, analysis and synthesis of the texts of Sacred Scripture. (2) The synthesis of wider research into the teaching contained in Tradition and the Magisterium. (3) What the Human Sciences can help us to understand of spiritual experience and the capacities that make it possible. (4) The vocation to holiness realized in the lives of so many believers throughout history and in our own day. It is necessary to offer the face of holiness in the Church by the example of canonized saints and those "next door", and to provide teaching that renews the "spiritual ardour" and "apostolic vigour" of all those who have encountered Christ and wish to share his life and mission in community of believers, responding to the one call to holiness that unfolds in different states of life. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The deployment of digital technologies continues to lead us to a real upheaval in our ways of thinking, communicating, forming, transmitting the faith and evangelising. It is a kind of “digital ecosystem” that they establish. Catechesis is not exempt from this. The contribution considers seven main challenges that a “holistic e-catechesis” seeks to address in the age of “digital ecologies”, due to changes in our relationships with knowledge, truth, temporality, authority, spiritual experience, pedagogy of initiation and community. We are urged to develop hybrid forms of combination between face-to-face and online catechesis, because given the law of “synesthetic” incarnation at the heart of the Christian faith, the all-digital approach remains an illusion. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The deployment of digital technologies continues to lead us to a real upheaval in our ways of thinking, communicating, forming, transmitting the faith and evangelising. It is a kind of “digital ecosystem” that they establish. Catechesis is not exempt from this. The contribution considers seven main challenges that a “holistic e-catechesis” (in sense of digitised catechesis) seeks to address in the age of “digital ecologies”, due to changes in our relationships with knowledge, truth, temporality, authority, spiritual experience, pedagogy of initiation and community. We are urged to develop hybrid forms of combination between face-to-face and online catechesis, because given the law of “synesthetic” incarnation at the heart of the Christian faith, the all-digital approach remains an illusion. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper seeks to contribute to our understanding of the variegated ties established across national borders by non-state actors by offering an account of the field of international mission agencies. Noting agencies' specific goal to promote the gospel, we ask how mission agencies shape where missionaries go, whom they are trying to reach and what activities they engage in. Based on in-depth interviews with managers, we discuss the historical focus on the individual person or family as the unit through which ties are established, and analyse the broad set of practices, which are considered legitimate as part of mission work. To the extent that managers see themselves as engaged in rationalisation, rationalisation is understood as reform towards distinctively mission-related outcomes. The paper concludes by discussing the implications of considering the work of mission agencies for our understanding of the "international" and for the study of social change in global society. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Annals of Theology / Roczniki Teologiczne is the property of Towarzystwo Naukowe KUL & Katolicki Uniwersytet Lubelski Jana Pawla II and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

The smart city (SC) is an urban planning model and image of the urban future that circulates globally. In order to broaden the scope of the SC literature, this article examines how the SC debate has played out in Chile, and specifically in Santiago, where SC initiatives are supported by a local alliance that includes segments of the government and technology companies. We analyse how the SC narrative has been performed and promoted, asking how it is portrayed, how the city is problematised and by whom. We describe the promotion of SC ideas here through the concept of evangelisation, which we see as the process of deploying narratives of the future centred upon notions of salvation and superiority. Working from a decolonial perspective, we find similarities in the way that the SC is promoted in Chile and other evangelisation processes that have been maintained for centuries in Latin America. We use this perspective to discuss SC narratives as forms of epistemic colonialism. Furthermore, drawing on participant observation at SC events held in Santiago, we discuss the disconnect between the promoters of SC policies, the people charged with implementing them, and the city dwellers who are impacted by them. We conclude by reflecting on the ways that a decolonial perspective can help scholars critically assess the SC model within the context of global policy mobilities and unequal urban power relations. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Main question of my scientific research is actually historically – theological analysis in witch way, at the time, mostly tribal West found out about Christianity. How functioned and how fast could develop such a process in that period of time, thanks to the monasticism and caused by the great migration of nations, but also caused by many heretical teachings, which were quite dangerous for the life of the Christ’s Church at the time, but also for life in general meaning. Monasticism comes to the West and starts to learn about Western culture, maybe it didn’t at first want to spread Christianity but in order to, first of all save their own lives, about what we have a lot of writing documents. We have many proves that teachers of the Eastern Church had to unwillingly leave the Church on the East, to come to the West and to find a safe place there. And in that manner, willingly or unwillingly, from our perspective definitely important historical event which caused faster Christianisation of the West. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

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L’histoire du Japon s’est tout d’abord définie comme isolée, un pays aux portes fermées par des chaînes (sakoku). Il aurait existé un corps insulaire et même un caractère national déterminé par un espace physique spécifique, ce qui aurait induit des mentalités et des perceptions originales. Ce « corps japonais » selon le mot de Marc Kober serait marqué par le regard européen et une curiosité condescendante. Il se condense en certains traits jugés typiques et cette stéréotypie identifie une culture à un corps. La confrontation physique directe ou imaginaire fit naître des représentations tout au long du XVIe siècle. À travers les sources et commentaires sur les premiers contacts entre Portugais et Japonais, de 1543, l’ouvrage fondamental de Fróis sur Européens et Japonais. Traité sur les contradictions et différences de mœurs (1585), les écrits de François Xavier et les lettres jésuites, nous tenterons de comprendre et d’analyser les mœurs et coutumes japonaises au prisme du regard européen face à cette nouvelle altérité.

As a traditional media, film is still attractive, especially among the youth, even after hundred and twenty years since it was invented. Its role is extremely important among adolescents who are going through the process of forming their own identity, because it mirrors but also forms culture, society, values, and moral attitudes. Apart from that, films serve as models of identification and projection, they can have influence on the development of empathy, creativity, memory, etc. In this article, the authors discuss the valuation of film art in the Catholic environment and thematise film as a theological place of discourse on God, as well as its upbringing-educational role in catechisation. On the basis of results of film preferences of Croatian adolescents, discerned through a study carried out among Croatian secondary school pupils in 2020, the article analyses these preferences in order to point out some upbringing-educational and evangelisation challenges. The authors also point out that opting for film for the purpose of religious-pedagogical and catechetical practice is an important issue of catechetical methodology and represents a practical application of results of the aforementioned study and their elaboration. At the end of the article, some concrete methodicaldidactic recommendations for selecting and analysing film are offered. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Charles William Meredith van de Velde (1818--1898), a former Dutch naval officer, cartographer and draughtsman, an adherent of the Dutch pietist Réveil with wide international connections, a friend of Henry Dunant and a co-founder of the Red Cross in the 1860s, travelled to the Near East in 1851--1852 (and again in 1861--1862), to make a better map and description of the Holy Land. In 1854 he published an updated Reis naar Syrië en Palestina in 1851 en 1852 ("Travels to Syria and Palestine in 1851 and 1852"). By then, after forty years of anglicising, Dutch-language books generally attracted small numbers of Cape buyers only. Still, more than a hundred people at the Cape ordered copies of Van de Velde's comprehensive and therefore, expensive, description of the Holy Land comprising two volumes. Were they familiar with the author, as a result of his two years of residence at the Cape in 1848--1850, where he had shown interest in evangelisation and had translated Messenger of Mercy by the British preacher James Smith, published by the Cape Town printer HN Marais as De vredeboode voor geloovige lijders (1850)? Were the pious at the Cape eagerly awaiting new information to understand their Bible reading, to follow the paths of Abraham, the walk of Jesus, or the trails through the wilderness and desert to the promised land? [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In the past eight years, since the election of Francis as the first Latin American pontiff in history, the Church has experienced new manners of being and acting. Even though she has also been in a constant state of aggiornamento, Francis' vision has contributed greatly to this concept of being a perfect image of the ideal Church of Christ (cf. Ecclesiam Suam 10) and a better servant of humanity. The objective of this study is to present an outline of Francis' main ecclesiological concepts, in the awareness that this endeavour can never be completely exhaustive. For this reason, the article is divided into two main sections. In this first one, the bedrocks of his ecclesiological thoughts are studied. These include his Jesuit vocation, the CELAM conferences and vision, and the Argentine theology of the people. In the second section, his main ecclesiological themes are analysed: the people of God, a poor Church for the poor, ecumenism, reform, and an ecological Church. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In 2012, publishing house “Betsaida” was founded to render service to the new evangelisation in the Netherlands and in the Dutch speaking part of Belgium. This article tries to explain the success of this initiative from the perspective of recent Church history.

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Copyright of Studia z Zakresu Nauk Prawnoustrojowych. Miscellanea is the property of Kujawy & Pomorze University in Bydgoszcz and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

oday’s Christians in the age of secularism and other kinds of ideologies struggle to make their impacts felt as they assiduously labour to plant the gospel in the hearts and minds of many. Amid their struggles and worries, they are often confronted with other challenges both from within and outside. The aim of this research was to assess the Roman Catholic Church and her struggle in the midst of other Churches often tagged ‘Pentecostals’ in the areas of fundamentalism and religious freedom in Africa and most especially in Nigeria. Pentecostal theology was aligned with Evangelism in their emphasis on the reliability of the Bible and the great need for the spiritual transformation of the individual’s life with faith in Jesus Christ. They emphasise personal experience and work of the Holy Spirit and therefore see themselves as a selected few, who are holy, spiritual and better than others. Some of them even claim to have the monopoly of the Holy Spirit. This researcher was one scholar who holds the view that there was no church more Pentecostal than the Catholic Church which has survived for more than 2000 years under the influence and direction of the Holy Spirit. But for the sake of this research, there was the categorisation of the Church into Catholicism and Pentecostalism. Here, the researcher focused on the challenges to faith witness and evangelisation posed by the rise of Pentecostalism in Africa and particularly in Nigeria. This research adopts a combination of socio-historical and narrative approaches. The data gathering technique was the main source made up of books, unpublished materials, journal articles and Internet materials. Intradisciplinary and/or interdisciplinary implications: The research has relevance to Church History, Dogmatic Theology and Practical Theology. While from the interdisciplinary perspective, the work has relevance in Psychology and other fields in the Social Sciences. The research does not call for a change in traditional discourse, but rather to build on the existing status quo.

The presence of the contemporary human being in virtual space of digital media and social networks necessarily also implies active inclusion of the Church in the»digital world«as an area of new proclamation. Starting from that fact, in this article the authors analyse some postulates of so-called digital anthropology, discuss characteristics of the proclamation of faith, and compare them with characteristics of the digital environment, while reflecting on possibilities of communication in the virtual environment. Given the fact that dynamics of proclamation in the»digital world«has characteristics of missionary activity of the Church, the question of inculturation is raised - possibility of forming a new culture - as well as ways in which it might be possible to transmit existing contents on the digital platform. Since - as Pope Francis writes - the revolution that is taking place in information-communication technologies»represents a great and exciting challenge that demands fresh energies and new imagination in transmitting the beauty of God to others«, the article also points out the importance of media literacy as a key skill for finding one's way in the digital environment. This skill is equally necessary for pastoral workers and the faithful. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The thought from the apostolic exhortation of Pope Francis, Evangelii gaudium, that the Church»evangelises and is itself being evangelised by the beauty of liturgy«reminds us of the need to reflect on the fundamental relation between liturgy as an act of faith (actus fidei) and evangelisation that has its source in the celebration of faith. Liturgy is sacramental in its»proclamatory«part (verbum in celebratione fit sacramentum) as much as it is proclamatory in sacramental memory-act of the Mystery of Christ. Therefore, this article will try to cast light on the intrinsic relation between Verbum and Sacramentum and reflect on the Beauty that is, as an event of salvation, gracefully mediated in the celebration of faith. These issues are always current in the home of the Church, as the source of and meeting point with the mystery of faith; the place where faith is gracefully gifted, enlightened, renewed, and gracefully shared with brothers in faith. Although evangelisation is not its primary goal, liturgy as a place of graceful gifting of faith is always proclamatory and, through that, it has impact on evangelisation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This article wants to reflect on possible evangelisation as inculturation in the context of postmodern culture by starting with two important documents that touch upon that issue: the pastoral constitution of the Second Vatican Council, Gaudium et spes, and the apostolic exhortation of Paul VI on evangelisation in the contemporary world, Evangelii nuntiandi. Apart from a more general determination of culture as an overall and specific agent in a society, the article poses the question of a real possibility of Christian inculturation into the so-called contemporary postmodern culture, insofar as it is marked by the aggravating difference in relation to, for instance, traditional cultures that somewhat allowed the missionary inculturation (accommodation) at the beginning of the 17th century, as it has been done by missionaries Robert de Nobili and Matteo Ricci. If the so-called postmodern culture could be characterised as non-culture, due to its criteria plurality and its unclear self-evaluation of something possibly (and culturally) true, good, and beautiful, that does not have to be authentically reflected in the reality (in fact, quite the opposite), the author argues that there are difficulties of evangelisation in finding links of true inculturation in the postmodern context. This is why the contribution of pope Francis is precious. In his exhortation, Evangelii gaudium, he emphasises, despite the contemporary aggravating situation, the importance of dedicated authentic -evangelisational, personal, and concrete activity towards the world that, even in the postmodern atmosphere of dynamic -variable social reality, can bring out who knows what kind of new links to which the Christian message might be attached in the sense of inculturation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Today's Christians in the age of secularism and other kinds of ideologies struggle to make their impacts felt as they assiduously labour to plant the gospel in the hearts and minds of many. Amid their struggles and worries, they are often confronted with other challenges both from within and outside. The aim of this research was to assess the Roman Catholic Church and her struggle in the midst of other Churches often tagged 'Pentecostals' in the areas of fundamentalism and religious freedom in Africa and most especially in Nigeria. Pentecostal theology was aligned with Evangelism in their emphasis on the reliability of the Bible and the great need for the spiritual transformation of the individual's life with faith in Jesus Christ. They emphasise personal experience and work of the Holy Spirit and therefore see themselves as a selected few, who are holy, spiritual and better than others. Some of them even claim to have the monopoly of the Holy Spirit. This researcher was one scholar who holds the view that there was no church more Pentecostal than the Catholic Church which has survived for more than 2000 years under the influence and direction of the Holy Spirit. But for the sake of this research, there was the categorisation of the Church into Catholicism and Pentecostalism. Here, the researcher focused on the challenges to faith witness and evangelisation posed by the rise of Pentecostalism in Africa and particularly in Nigeria. This research adopts a combination of socio-historical and narrative approaches. The data gathering technique was the main source made up of books, unpublished materials, journal articles and Internet materials. Intradisciplinary and/or interdisciplinary implications: The research has relevance to Church History, Dogmatic Theology and Practical Theology. While from the interdisciplinary perspective, the work has relevance in Psychology and other fields in the Social Sciences. The research does not call for a change in traditional discourse, but rather to build on the existing status quo. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Le contact des civilisations partout ailleurs revêt une prise des consciences des aspects humains qui entraînent d'autres dans des situations critiques ou pires encore Nous reprenons de nouveau la citation de D. Ngoie Ngalla (1982 : 7) qui avance « si la première évangélisation a été un mal historique, « la civilisation occidentale et le christianisme intégrés aux valeurs préexistantes donnèrent à la koïnè sont fond actuel : interactions entre les membres sociaux qui la composent, plus grande ouverture aux valeurs de l'Occident ». Mais, les Africains doivent prendre conscience du passé et de leurs valeurs à bon escient suite aux contacts qui ont eu lieu et qui se manifestent encore dans plusieurs domaines. L'Afrique précoloniale (Empires, royaumes) a connu des situations d'apogée et de déclin. Les Kongo tout comme les autres peuplades : les Baoulés, les lunda, les Ghana, les Mandig (Mali), les Songhai (Empire de Gao), les Haussa, les Kanem- Bornou, les Bambara, les luba, les M'siri, les Bakuba, les Monomotapa ont constitué des États sur le territoire africain dont le mieux connu est le Royaume Kongo. Cet État était d'autre part un exemple d'une Afrique bien organisée et dont le peuple faisait montre d'une cohésion sociale sans précédente, mais de nos jours certaines valeurs qui faisaient ce grand royaume s'estompent, l'Afrique perd ses repères à travers certains aspects sociaux : politique, religion, moeurs et coutumes, économie, culture, etc. Nous constatons, même, une rupture des structures familiales par lesquelles la solidarité était monnaie courante entre les membres. De nos jours, nous demandons à ce que la conscience des aspects humains, sociaux des peuples et des communautés doit tenir une place suffisante dans l'analyse des problèmes et de leurs solutions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The phenomena of secularization and globalization, along with transhumanism and post-human theories, introduced something so new that even thousand-year-old religious institutions like the Church were shaken. We are now faced with a radical change in which the mission «ad gentes» has become a building site, where a new evangelisation is no longer sufficient. Time has come to look to the future, also thanks to the missiology of attraction of pope Francis, by: a) re-discovering the Gospel as an attractive message; b) proposing the Church as an attractive community; c) proposing a magisterium and theology that are attractive, which means aware of both culture and context. The most suitable type of spirituality for this mission to be lived as attractive is listening, which is typical of the mission of the Risen, as reported by Luke when speaking of the disciples of Emmaus but also by the book of the Acts in the case of Philip and the Ethiopian eunuch. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The story of Peter's release from prison is often considered as an «erratic boulder» in the plot of the Acts. This work tries to show its crucial function in the development of the book. Placed between the episode of the conversion of the first ethnic group in the house of Cornelius and the foundation of the Church of Antioch (chs. 10-11) and the beginning of Paul's mission (chs. 13-14), it shows that by delivering Peter and defeating Herod, God has admittedly opened the doors of evangelization to those who were not Jewish. Thanks to several inter-text references to the exodus and the Jesus Passover, this passage legitimizes the transition from the apostolic witness represented by Peter, to that of the generations which follow and sets the conditions defining possibilities and methods for the ecclesial witness of any time. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

«The church is for the joy» (EG 1). Thus begins the Evangelii gaudium by pope Francis. This statement is not at all obvious, since two thousand years of Christian history give evidence that evangelisation has not always been supported by this joyful perspective. This contribution provides a reflection on the conditions that could actually allow the full deployment of the union between the Church and the joy of man. Taking inspiration not only from the Evangelii gaudium, but also from the pope's post-Con- ciliar teachings, as well as the progress of the Italian Church with particular reference to the ecclesial conference of Verona, this work focuses its attention on everyday life: a time, considered as life and experience, in which today's men and women live, work and make choices. This topic has been dealt with by highlighting not only the critical issues that represent an obstacle but also the «new» opportunities that allow the Christian proposal to be favourably accepted. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

For the past few years, on Sundays during the Easter period, groups of Catholics fill city squares (parks, shopping centres and the like) and celebrate the liturgy giving a testimony to Christian life. Very often these places are crossroads of trade, leisure, entertainment and commute trails, hence the celebrations raise actual bewilderment in busy passers-by. Suddenly, by imposing sacral references on the spaces of the profanum, they become symbolic places, the embodiment of a living Church on the move. The article attempts to read these specific meetings in the context of cultural phenomena: a theatre play, a live performance act, flash mobs, and others. The article also contemplates the construction of meaning of such space interpreted anew through the prism of these forms of evangelisation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Brother Luis Jerónimo de Oré's Symbolo Catholico Indiano was the most important and authorized sixteenth century treatise for the evangelization of the native Andean peoples. In its pages we find a vivid image of Andean reality immediately after the Conquest and a fervent exposition of the Catholic faith inspired in the recent Councils of Trent and Lima. The treatise also presents the missioning methods that served the Franciscans and other priests of the Viceroyalty for the evangelization of the indigenous peoples. Above all, in this text we find an admirable exposition of the theological doctrine and catechetical practice in the anthropological perspective that forms its starting point, which is the Andean man or woman who had never heard a message of salvation and dignity for the human person. Brother Luis Jerónimo de Oré Rojas OFM was born in Huamanga in 1554 (now the geographical Department of Ayacucho in Perü). He was a zealous missionary who travelled throughout the colonizers' territory, from the extreme north of Florida to the extreme south of Chile. As an intelligent linguist he was the author of important rituals and catechisms in Quechua and Aymara. He was one of the first bishops born on the American soil, and the first to be incorporated into the Native Indian Council and the Vatican hierarchy; as a bishop he stood out for his protection of aboriginal groups and his energetic defense of the cultural integrity of Native Indian nations. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This article examines how some Evangelical nongovernmental organizations (NGOs) in Côte d'Ivoire have focused their actions towards children and in doing so use strategies based on gifts and play. These organizations' activities encourage a holistic conception of 'development' that is based on both spiritual and material dimensions. In fact, these NGOs provide fascinating examples of the interaction between divergent development ideals, which are based on seemingly competing notions of the 'good life'. These organizations promote an ethics of evangelization, which rests on the underlying ideas that 'good Christians will make good citizens', by emphasizing activities geared to the tutoring of children through educational, charitable, sanitary, and playful interventions. In order to illustrate how the leaders of these local Evangelical NGOs carefully manipulate the border between play and evangelization, and how amusement and gift-giving are key to the interconnection of humanitarian and proselytizing activities, we focus the analysis on the activities of a local affiliate of the transnational NGO Samaritan's Purse. This case study also highlights how ethical ideals of evangelization defined by transnational organizations are appropriated by local actors and integrated within local discourses regarding the moralization of Ivorian society. The article is based on ethnographic field research conducted in the city of Abidjan in 2011, 2012, and 2016. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

It would be stating the obvious to assert that education, as it supports growth and allows for the promotion of the human self, necessarily hails from a humanistic perspective. But after putting this trite idea on the table, the matter remains problematic because the very smooth nature of such an assertion covers too well the challenges and issues related to the difficulty of being human in our contemporary societies and cultures, as well as the educational responsibility it entails. Indeed, to talk about education and humanism implies that one knows, with a certain amount of confidence, what it means to be human and how to become one. Yet, what was once relatively clear is no longer assured today. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This article complicates the image of Benedictine missionary Jean-Félix de Hemptinne (1876–1958), a central figure of the 20th century Belgian colonial and evangelisation endeavour in the Congo, as a steadfast missionary with political, religious and economic power. It contextualises his ideas within wider debates on religion, civilisation and colonialism and looks at the strategies he employed to defend his authority. Through the figure of the Apostolic Vicar of Katanga, this article rethinks the ideas and the power mechanisms, in particular the "trinity" between church, state and capital and the church-state alliance, which underpinned the Belgian colonial and missionary enterprise. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]