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Tourism is one of the most dynamically developing industries in the modern world. It is a means of increasing the well-being of peoples, of strengthening peace, of universal respect for human rights, regardless of race, sex, language or religion. One of the main and significant alternative types of tourism is cultural tourism. It develops more intensively by increasing the quantity and variety of services offered. Destinations and sites for cultural tourism are established and imposed on the national and international tourist market. Interest in cultural tourism is growing - both from tourists and from businesses, professional unions and associations, municipalities and communities, from government structures and specialists in the tourism industry. The purpose of this paper is to examine the relationship between culture and tourism, and in particular the influence of personal culture on the undertaking of a tourist trip. In conclusion, the social and economic importance of cultural tourism, seen as a symbiosis of culture and tourism, is emphasized. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Theories of cognitive consistency view human beings as actively processing information, trying to make sense of what they think, feel and do, to actively construct and interpret the world in order to overcome the sometimes inconsistencies between attitudes. This report presents some of the theories explaining the consistency of constructs that are widely applicable in the field of consumption - Theory of Cognitive Balance of Fr. Haider, L. Festinger's Theory of Cognitive Dissonance, M. Sheriff's and K. Hovland's Theory of Social Judgments, and D. Bem's Theory of Self-Perception. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

With the growth and maturity of the individual and with the accumulation of life experience in the human mind, stable views on people, objects and events from the surrounding world are formed. This setting of consciousness acts as a regulator of a person's reactions and behavior in his interaction with life. In psychology, this phenomenon is called "attitude" or social attitude. In general, the attitude is formed not only on the basis of subjective experience, but also by perceiving the experience of other people. Attitudes are one of the key concepts in social psychology and a separate field of research. The active study of the formation of social attitudes began in the first decades of the twentieth century. At the core is the close connection between the individual and society, of which man is an integral part. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A special place in Western cognitive social psychology is occupied by theories of cognitive correspondence, developed in 50 years for the twentieth century. The main idea of theories of cognitive correspondence is that the cognitive structure of a person cannot be unbalanced, disharmonious. Man initially seeks to have a harmonious, consistent, balanced view of the outside world. If it does, then immediately there is a tendency to restore the internal correspondence of the cognitive system. The need to establish compliance, balance the cognitive structure of a person is the main motivating factor in individual behavior. Of all theories of cognitive correspondence, the most famous were: the theory of structural balance and attribution F. Heider; the theory of communicative acts T. Newcom; the theory of cognitive dissonance by L. Festinger; the theory of congruence C. Osgood and P. Tannenbaum; the theory of self-perception Daryl Bem. This report examines the theories of Festinger, Hеider, and Bem, as well as mechanisms for changing attitudes. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Consumer behavior is an interesting and complex social phenomenon that represents a real challenge in both theoretical and practical terms. It is complex, dynamic, contradictory, dualistic, difficult to examine, and that is why it is interesting and provocative from an analytical point of view. The purchasing decision and consumer behavior are affected by many internal and external factors. The focus of the presented research are the internal (psychological) factors. Because they are hidden, it makes them relatively difficult to study and predict. They are individual and different for individual subjects, and although they act internally, it can be argued that they are heavily influenced by social forces outside the individual. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]