Search

This paper celebrates the life and legacy of psychiatrist and Jungian author Anthony Stevens, who passed away at age 90 on July 13, 2023. It outlines Stevens's origins as a research fellow in Greece, where his work on infant attachment led to a lifelong dedication to establishing the biological and evolutionary foundation of psychiatry. It details his instrumental role in the debate about the theory of archetypes and describes the current state of the literature including the responses and reactions to Stevens's biological innatist position. The paper concludes with a career retrospective in which Stevens's major works are introduced and briefly described. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Акустический репертуар волчков р. Ixobrychus изучен недостаточно, а описания позывок, за редким исключением, даны лишь словесно. Нами записано и проанализировано 438 сонограмм позывок волчков — амурского, китайского, малого и гибридов. В отличие от рекламирующей позывки большинство типов позывок у этих видов оказались сходными по звучанию, структуре и частотно-временным параметрам. Наиболее видоспецифичными являются брачный крик, тревожные позывки самок («кавканье» и «кукареканье»), крик бедствия самцов и «гудок» птенцов.

Copyright of Bulletin of Ablai Khan KazUIRandWL: Series 'Pedagogical Sciences' is the property of Kazakh Ablai Khan University of International Relations & World Languages and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

For the first time, information is provided on the morphological variability and state of the population of the spotted thicklip loach Triplophysa staruchii (Kessler, 1874) in the Shayan River (Syrdarya basin). Morphobiological analysis was carried out according to the standard scheme with some additions. The variability of 44 plastic and 16 counting signs, size-weight indicators and fatness over time was studied. Statistical processing is carried out by the univariant method and using the analysis of the main components. Based on the analysis of external morphological features and the structure of the digestive system, it was found that the studied fish from the Shayan river belong to the species spotted thicklip loach. Samples of different years are represented by different-sized individuals, which indicates sufficient conditions for reproduction and survival. In 2013 and 2020, there was a deterioration in nutritional conditions, which led to a decrease in size, a decrease in the reserves of abdominal fat and fatness coefficients. However, individual values of fatness indicators vary greatly, which may indicate intraspecific competition for food items. Small values of the coefficient of asymmetry (KA) indicate the stability of individual development. The most likely reason for the decline in the number of spotted thicklip loach in 2022 is that it may be dry in summer due to a significant decrease in water level and an increase in water temperature. Annual fluctuations in precipitation are also characteristic of the natural range, so the probability of survival of the spotted thicklip loach in the Shayan River seems to be high. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Human made ecological crisis in the basin of Aral Sea has gone strong negative impact to the native fish fauna. The tributaries of the Syrdarya River turned out to be natural shelters for many noncommercial fish species. The objectives of our study were to study morphological variability and assess the state of the dace population inhabiting the Shayan River. Fish for study were caught in 2013 and 2020. Based on the analysis of external signs, the belonging of the fish to the Zeravshan dace species Leuciscus lehmanni Brandt, 1852 was established. Morphological and biological analyzes of fish were carried out according to the widely used method. The variability of 32 plastic and 18 counting traits, size and weight indicators, fatness, fat content, growth and food objects was studied. Differences in the appearance of individuals may be the result of the implementation of different life strategies in a heterogeneous environmental conditions. For the first time, data on morphological variability, growth and nutrition of the Zeravshan dace were obtained for the water bodies of the Republic of Kazakhstan. In the samples of 2013 and 2020, individuals of different ages were represented. The limits of body size variability coincide, which indicates sufficient conditions for reproduction and existence. In 2013, the sample was dominated by larger individuals, fatness, intestinal filling and fat content were higher than in 2020. Food objects do not change over the years. The intestines of fish from both samples contain detritus, green algae, aquatic insect larvae, and adults of terrestrial insects (Hymenoptera and Diptera). In 2020, some deterioration of feeding happened, which led to a decrease in the reserves of abdominal fat and body condition coefficients of fish. Also in 2020, the violation of the homeostasis of individual development increased. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

В 2007 г. в пригороде г. Владивостока нами обнаружено первое для Дальнего Востока России гнездовое поселение китайского волчка Ixobrychus sinensis и задокументирован первый достоверный случай размножения малого волчка I. minutus на удалении около 3000 км от границ основного ареала. В последующие, 2008–2010 гг., в обследуемом районе гнездилось по одной паре волчков, в которых оба партнера по окраске тела и форме клюва в значительной степени походили на малого волчка, но имели признаки, свойственные китайскому волчку, что позволило идентифицировать их как гибридных особей. Впервые для представителей рода Ixobrychus получены свидетельства гибридизации. Описано 6 гнезд, 37 яиц и 26 птенцов китайских волчков и гибридных особей. На коллекционном материале (95 тушек) и данных скрытой видеосъемки (112 ч) определена видовая принадлежность, описана морфология и окраска, гнездовая биология, поведение взрослых и молодых, суточный ритм обогрева и выкармливания птенцов. Несмотря на аллопатрическое распространение (с совместными местами зимовок в Индии) и явный морфологический разрыв, места обитания, фенология и биология размножения, поведение и питание, а также большинство типов позывок у этих видов оказались во многом сходными. В случае расселения малого волчка на восток вышеперечисленные факторы могут способствовать гибридизации.

Systematic studies on the biology, ecology, phenology and control of the pine processionary moth (Thaumetopoea pityocampa) have been conducted in the Forest Research Institute at the Bulgarian Academy of Sciences in Sofia since 1956. Biological material was collected and analysed not only in Bulgaria but also in different regions of the worldwide range of the pest. 114 scientific papers were published in scientific journals and proceedings during the period of study. The main scientific results of the investigations are presented in this study. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

В статье приводится краткий очерк истории учения И. П. Павлова об условных рефлексах, на долгие годы определившего программу исследований института, руководимого академиком Л. А. Орбели, и его значения в развитии новых научных направлений — генетики поведения (высшей нервной деятельности), нейрогенетики, физиологической генетики. Приведены сведения о роли профессора М. Е. Лобашева, выявлении и подчеркивании новых граней в учении И. П. Павлова об условных рефлексах, показавшего значение механизма условного рефлекса в координации многоклеточного организма в процессе тканевой и клеточной дифференциации, в ускорении адаптации организма к экстремальным факторам внешней среды (и таким образом «в какой-то мере выводящего организм из-под контроля элиминирующих факторов внешней среды»), функциональной преемственности в передаче индивидуально приобретаемого опыта между поколениями (и таким образом обеспечивая «сигнальную наследственность», необычайно расширившую приспособительные возможности организма). Описывается вклад профессоров М. Е. Лобашева и В. В. Пономаренко в дальнейшее развитие теории нервизма И. П. Павлова, гипотетически предположивших и экспериментально подтвердивших существенную роль нервной системы в регуляции активности генетического аппарата, в том числе самих нейронов по принципу обратной связи в соответствии с текущими нуждами организма, требованиями внешней среды и индивидуальным опытом. Освещены новые современные направления в исследованиях генетики поведения и нейрогенетики. Подчеркивается мировое признание учения И. П. Павлова об уcловных рефлексах и его роль в анализе теоретических генетических, биологических и физиологических проблем, в практике сельского хозяйства, медицины и педагогики.

Данная работа проведена в 2004–2006 гг. в северной (от побережья Татарского пролива, п. Сизиман на юг до р. Самарги) и центральной (Спасский р-н, с. Гайворон) частях ареала чернобровой камышевки. Получены новые интересные сведения по разным аспектам репродуктивной биологии, линьке и поведению этого вида. Определены географические различия в сроках размножения, выборе гнездовых биотопов, форме, размерах и составе гнезд, размерах кладок, темпах роста птенцов. Определены причины репродуктивных потерь и факторы, влияющие на них. Описана линька взрослых и молодых птиц.

The purpose of the research: to submit a review of national and foreign literature on biological research of Hymenolepis nana. Materials and methods. Papers on morphology and biology of H. nana (starting from the first discovery of H. nana in 1851 by German parasitologist T. Bilharz until the present moment) written by 26 native and 11 foreign authors served as research material. When analyzing the literature, special attention was paid to the results of the morphological study and development cycle of H. nana taking into account the developmental stages of cestodes. Results and discussion. Specific data on morphology of H. nana and pictures of scolex and proglottids of the dwarf tapeworm using scanning electronic microscopy were provided. Structure of H. nana eggs was described in detail. Most papers are dedicated to the study of biological features of development. Sometimes, H. nana is reproduced by budding (passing through the following development cycle: megalospheres, metamers, invagination, scolexogenesis, larval cysts). Eggs were found in animals’ feces 17-18 days after infestation. H. nana lives in human body for several years, and sometimes 20-38 years. Issues related to the species identity of H. nana and H. fraternal, and mechanisms of transmission and prevalence of infection are discussed. Prevalence of hymenolepiasis in different countries depends not on climate conditions but on the degree of population density. Contamination of hands is an important factor influencing the frequency of hymenolepiasis autoinvasion in patients. The role of rodents as a source of H. nana infection is not essential.

Objective of research: The purpose of the study was to study the phylogeny and evolution of trematodes of the order Schistosomatida (Plathelminthes: Trematoda) - endoparasites of animals and humans. Materials and methods. Samples of adult specimens and 5 larva species were collected and examined: Schistosoma turkestanicum Skryabin, 1913, Bilharziella polonica (Kowalewsky, 1899), Trichobilharzia ocellata (La Valette, 1854), Dendritobilharzia loossi Skryabin, 1924 and Gigantobilharzia acotylea Odhner, 1910. We were exploring their life cycles under both natural and experimental conditions. Adult forms of trematodes were identified by standard methods. The determination of cercariae produced by aquatic mollusks (Lymnaeidae, Planorbidae, Physidae, Melanoididae) was performed according to the studies. For a comparative analysis of morphological and biological features of the Tricladida turbellarians, we used materials from well-known manuals and monographs. Results and discussion. Based on the original study of morphology, biology, and life cycles of the five species of blood flukes - Schistosoma turkestanicum, Bilharziella polonica, Trichobilharzia ocellata, Dendritobilharzia loossi, Gigantobilharzia acotylea and the analysis of literature data on the phylogeny and evolution of the order Schistosomatida, a hypothesis of the origin of dioecy of schistosomatids was proposed. There is controversy about the phylogeny and evolution of representatives of the families Schistosomatidae and Bilharziellidae - parasites of endothermic vertebrates, including humans. The idea according to which dioecious and hermaphroditic state of flukes is primary and associated with morphological organization of free-living progenitors which the appropriated signs are inherited from. The above-mentioned opinion enables to explain the dioecy of trematodes of the order Schistosomatidae, their phylogeny and evolution.

Галловый сливовый клещ Acalitus phloeocoptes (Nalepa, 1890) – опасный вредитель косточковых пород, впервые обнаружен в Казахстане. В 2018 году площадь посадок абрикоса в Алматиснкой области, зараженная им, составила около 150 га. Для локализации вредителя были испытаны различные препараты. В ходе испытаний наиболее высокую эффективность показали варианты: Вертимек к.э. с нормой расхода 1 л/га и Омайт 57 % к.э. - 2 л/га. Они были рекомендованы садоводческим хозяйствам для проведения обработки против вредителя.

Мраморный клоп Halyomorpha halys был впервые найден в Казахстане в 2016 г. Он является опасным инвазивным вредителем сельского хозяйства. В г. Алматы и Алматинской области были сделаны в 2017-2018 гг. новые находки мраморного клопа, что говорит о существовании его устойчивой популяции в этом регионе и постепенном расширении ареала вида. Составлен фенологический календарь развития вредителя на юго-востоке Казахстана. Отмечено поедание кладок яиц клопа божьими коровками Propylea quatuordecimpunctata (Linnaeus, 1758) и Harmonia axyridis (Pallas, 1773).

The article considers modern species of the genus Elaeagnus L. and life forms of E. orientalis L. in Uzbekistan. There are two types of sympodial (acrosympodial and mesosympodial) growth. Additionally, the origin of the cultivated forms of Russian olive in Central Asia is discussed.

The article considers the indicators of publication activity in 2013-2017 and citation of Russian scientists in the field of biology, mathematics, Geology and mechanics, reflected in the Web of Science Core Collection (WoS CC) and the Russian science citation index (RSCI). It is revealed, that due to the minimal representation of Russian journals in the WOS СС and the weak representation of Russian authors in English-language publications, their maximum indices of Hirsch and citation in the WoS CC in the field of biology, mathematics and mechanics are significantly less than the maximum indicators of these indices in the WOS CC system, except geology. At the same time, the maximum citation index for biology in the RSCI exceeds the same indicator for WoS CC twice, for the other three branches of science - 30-90 times. It is stated that the world scientific community is not receiving a significant amount of new information and knowledge created by Russian scientists and experts on the basis of their research.

The article dwells on the history of a new Institute of Biology and Biomedicine that was established at Lobachevsky State University of Nizhni Novgorod on the basis of the UNN Faculty of Biology and its biology research institutes. The purpose of the reorganization was to modernize the educational process with a focus on biomedicine and to develop biomedical research. The authors substantiate the strategy for inviting professors from leading universities in the world to give lectures and conduct research at IBBM on part-time basis. The role of visiting scholars in attracting extra-budgetary funding and improving the quality of scientific publications is discussed.

По материалам из Буреинского заповедника (Хабаровский край) впервые приведены некоторые особенности биологии редкого таксона медведиц Pararctia lapponica lemniscata (Stichel, 1911) (Lepidoptera, Erebidae, Arctiinae). На территории Буреинского заповедника находятся наиболее юго-восточные местонахождения. Типичными местообитаниями являются горные лиственничные леса на высотах 900–1400 м над уровнем моря, в нижнем ярусе которых преобладают сфагновые мхи, брусника, морошка и княженика. Имаго имеют дневную активность, лет отмечен только в четные годы и происходит с 20 июня до 10 июля. Впервые описана морфология гусениц P. l. lemniscata первого — шестого возрастов. Гусеницы шестого возраста имеют черную голову, черно-серое тело, вдоль каждого сегмента расположен ряд черных бородавок, несущих пучки длинных черных (они расположены только на дорсальной стороне) и коротких светлых волосков. В отличие от гусениц номинативного подвида, у них не выражен полиморфизм и в старших возрастах на теле преобладают светлые волоски. Количество светлых волосков увеличивается с каждым последующим возрастом. По своему внешнему виду гусеницы P. l. lemniscata наиболее сходны с гусеницами североамериканского вида Pararctia yarrowii (Stretch, [1874]).

The main trends of educational and awareness-raising activities of Nikita Botanical Gardens (NBG) have been reviewed. A new trend of educational activity is participating in Comprehensive educational modules in biology in the International Children's Center “Artek” as a partner organization. NBG personnel is involved in development and implementation of the topical unit using various formats (guided tour; games; research; observation; search, selection, processing and structuring of information) aimed at solving educational tasks. Such resources of NBG as its unique living collections, expositions the Science Museum's depots are actively utilized. The results of the ongoing scientific research in NBG are closely incorporated in the classes. The structure of the classes and approaches to their design have been described.

Very often, Chemistry, Biochemistry and Biology are part of the essence of research methods. Continuously developing technologies with applications in Medicine, Dental medicine and Pharmacy attract students' attention. The inclusion of new innovative technologies and old but well established methodologies in the educational programs in Specialized Language Courses for foreign students at Medical University is well received by the students. The intertwining of various fields of science such as Biophysics, Biochemistry, Molecular biology in research methods intensifies their interest. The benefits of learning new biotechnologies and research approaches during training are beyond any doubt. In this way, students gain a real understanding of the application of established technologies and methods applied in medicine and pharmacy and their enormous importance in diagnosis and treatment. Our long experience shows that an interdisciplinary approach to chemistry and biology education helps to facilitate the learning of the material and to consolidate new knowledge. The subject of this study is DNA gel electrophoresis. This is a method for separating macromolecules, the next step after the polymerase chain reaction (PCR) technique. Fragments synthesized by PCR are proven and separated by gel electrophoresis. The topic is included in the curriculum of foreign students from the Preparatory Course at the Medical University of Plovdiv. During the lesson, an interdisciplinary approach is applied with the help of chemistry and biology teachers. Students prepare individual presentations in advance. Different cases of medical practice and curious facts are discussed, which keep students' attention. The terms are introduced at an affordable level, accompanied by richly illustrated diagrams showing the steps of the method. Although the students of the Preparatory course do not have long language practice and a rich stock of words and terminology, this method of teaching helps to make the learning material easier to understand and learn. The interest in the subject is heightened. For students who are interested in experimental work, visits to the University's science laboratories and familiarization with the equipment are provided. They have the opportunity to join special courses in the Departments of Biology and Chemistry under the guidance of highly qualified specialists. More advanced students, together with their teachers, can prepare for research and participate in scientific forums. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Multidisciplinary approach in the education of students in a Language Preparatory Course and students in Medicine, Dental Medicine and Pharmacy at Medical University of Plovdiv is widely represented. The development of recent technologies and scientific methods and especially their application in the diagnostic of different diseases are included as a part of educational programs during the education. Each of newly developed scientific techniques or methods includes different disciplines as Physics, Chemistry, Biology, etc. and this is quite normal. Including of different scientific fields in the development of some scientific method usually increases the interest of the students. The main subject of this article is the biotechnological scientific method „Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR)“, which is introduced in the educational programs in Biology and Chemistry for foreign students in Language Preparatory Course at Medical University of Plovdiv. The aim is to give students more clarity on how the development of science and technology contributes to the accurate diagnosis of various diseases and the determination of the right treatment. The educational program in the Preparatory Course is specialized because Bulgarian and vocabulary of the students are not on a high level and they do not know enough terms to apply them in speaking. In the present study we are trying to give different ideas how to introduce the new terminology step by step. These new terms usually are difficult for the students and this could lead to loss of interest. Therefore it is necessary to find the way to explain the terms in order new knowledge to be consolidated. The new terms are introduced in an appropriate way as they are accompanied with different drawings, schemes and tables illustrating the processes and helping an easier utilizing of the new matter. Various additional approaches are being taken to assimilate and validate the new knowledge: developing of their own presentations by the students about a particular method or technology and presenting them to the class; conducting seminars with preliminary preparation for discussing a research approach; visits to the scientific laboratories of the University and acquaintance with the equipment demonstrated by highly qualified teachers and researchers in the respective Departments; students who wish to do experimental work may be enrolled in special scientific courses arranged by the Departments of Biology and Chemistry. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

С середины 90-х годов восточноазиатский мраморный клоп Halyomorpha halys начинает регистрироваться за пределами своего естественного ареала. В новых условиях инвайдер становится опасным вредителем сельского хозяйства. В России личинки клопов были найдены на территории города Сочи (Большого Сочи) в августе 2014 года. Со второй половины 2015 году началось массовое размножение этого вида в Сочинском городском округе, а также в Абхазии. В 2016 и 2017 годах в некоторых районах Абхазии и Грузии клопом повреждалось до 50 % и выше урожая мандарина и фундука. В 2017 клоп отмечался в Краснодаре и некоторых других районах Краснодарского края. Таким образом, мраморный клоп распространялся по территории Краснодарского края со скоростью 100–150 км в год и в ближайшие несколько лет может заселить весь Северной Кавказ, Ростовскую область, юг Волгоградской области, а также соседние страны: Украину, Молдавию, Болгарию, юг Польши, Армению, Азербайджан и Турцию. Из видов клопов-щитников, обитающих на юге России, H. halys наиболее похож на Rhaphigaster nebulosa, но хорошо отличается от него по ряду морфологических признаков. В Краснодарском крае мраморный клоп может давать не менее трёх поколений в год. Зимует имаго. H. halys – полифитофаг, личинки могут развиваться на растениях 49 семейств, но предпочтение отдаётся семейству Розоцветные (Rosaceae). На сегодняшний день единственный эффективный метод борьбы с вредителем – химические обработки.

В статье освещается процес становления и развития российско-украинского научного сообщества историков биологии. Показаны долстижения в области истории биологии российских и украинских историков науки. Утверждается, что процесс самоорганизации и успешного развития русско–украинского научного сообщества историков биологии в указанный период был обусловлен рядом причин объективного и субъективного характера.

Research objective. Identification of possibility of the modern pedagogical receptions in development of cognitive interest in students of a medico-technical profile at biology lessons.Research techniques. The theoretical: the analysis of psychology and pedagogical and methodical literature on a research problem, the teoretiko-methodical analysis of a studied problem, development of methodical bases of its realization in biology training; approach to carrying out a lecture and practical training in biology with bionics elements. The empirical – supervision, conversation, questioning, manufacture of multimedia presentations for carrying out an interactive lecture and practical training and the analysis of results of work with them.Material and methods. Students of the 1st course being trained in the direction of preparation 201000.62 – “Biotechnical systems and technologies” (bachelor degree).Results. It is possible to carry the following to the positive moments: within interactive lecture there is a tendency to motivation change to educational activity with external on the internal; the pedagogical receptions based on interactivity, allow to keep attention of audience easier; using problem situations, it was possible to involve pupils in educational activity selectively; when using considered approach process of communication with audience gains more natural character, approaching developing relationship in teacher student system to cooperation.It is possible to carry the next moments to the negative: process of teaching becomes more intense, deman­ding from the teacher of larger concentration on a training material, and constant readiness and ability to conduct discussion; the interactive format of giving of a training material sometimes possesses smaller informational characteristics; students are not always ready to such format of educational activity that is often shown in inability to carry on the free dialogue, inability to allocate the useful information; padding expenses are necessary from the teacher on maintaining of a subject matter during occupation.Conclusion. As a result of the conducted research were revealed both positive, and the negative sides of interactive lecture. At an interactive method of teaching of biology, traditional reading of lecture was excluded. Students worked during all occupation, and the teacher had opportunity to estimate work of each student.

Copyright of International Journal of Instruction is the property of International Journal of Instruction and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

In this paper the problem is formulated for the development of electronic handbooks for foreign students of preparatory faculty by combining the tasks of teaching Russian language and profile subject to the example of the course “Biology”. The necessity to include learning content Microtest for operational control level of training is marked. The examples of test questions of different types are given.