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The study aimed to conduct a comparative assessment of representatives of the genus Malus based on morphological traits, biological characteristics, physiological mechanisms of resistance to fungal pathogens, ornamental value, and significance within the frameworks of horticulture, landscape forestry, and shelterbelt afforestation. Employing an integrative approach, the research examined the morphological traits and biological characteristics of domestic apple, European wild apple, Siberian crab apple, hybrid crab apple, and plum-leaved apple. Comparative analysis was carried out to evaluate the susceptibility and resistance of these species to scab pathogens and other diseases. The findings indicated that the domestic apple is characterised by large fruit size, with an average fruit mass of no less than 150 g. In contrast, the average fruit mass for Siberian crab apple, cherry crab apple, and hybrid crab apple does not exceed 0.7 g, 1.8 g, and 3.2 g, respectively. The authors have developed an integrated scale for the comparative evaluation of Malus species (or crab apple varieties) based on overall ornamental value. This scale included five criteria: crown appearance, leaf aesthetics, floral attractiveness, fruit visual appeal, and resistance to apple scab. For the first time, fruits of different Malus species have been analysed for seed productivity. Among these, crab apple varieties, particularly the European wild apple and the plumleaved apple, were identified as having the highest average number of seeds per fruit - 10 and 8 seeds, respectively. It was also shown that the seeds of the wild apple are relatively large, with the 100-seed weight exceeding 3.9 g. The study highlighted findings that confirm the ornamental value of certain Malus species, notably the Siberian crab apple and the hybrid crab apple, which received the highest overall ornamental scores of 4.5 and 5. This contrasts with the European wild apple, cherry apple, and domestic apple, which scored lower for ornamental attributes (3.2-3.9). It was noted that crab crab apple species such as Malus sylvestris (L.) Mill. and Malus baccata (L.) Borkh. are wellsuited for use in the creation of forest-park landscapes. Under the conditions of the Northern Forest-Steppe of Ukraine, Malus species were differentiated by their resistance to the scab pathogen (Venturia inaequalis Cooke). The results established that domestic apple (cultivar Dozhnytsia), hybrid crab apple, and plum-leaved apple exhibited high resistance to this pathogen, which affects both foliage and fruit. The practical application of these findings lies in enriching the informational database on Malus species with updated data, enabling their utilisation in various thematic studies. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study examines the morphological means used to express evaluation in Ukrainian, drawing on a corpus of spoken language, literary texts, dictionaries, and internet resources. The analysis focuses on how evaluation is encoded in the morphology of nouns, pronouns, numerals, and adjectives, with particular attention to the use of augmentatives, diminutives, gender, and degrees of comparison. The findings reveal a rich and varied system for expressing subjective evaluation, including the frequent use of diminutive forms to soften negativity and the creative use of comparative and elative forms to express a high degree of intensity. The study also highlights the role of gender in shaping evaluative meanings and the tendency to use occasional and non-normative forms to achieve specific pragmatic effects. The research contributes to a deeper understanding of the relationship between language, culture, and evaluation, and provides insights into the unique ways in which Ukrainian speakers express their attitudes and emotions through morphological choices. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The results of studies of the range of multilayer nanostructured coatings based on the TiAlN system - structural state, morphology, composition, and microgeometry of the interface - are presented. A coating with a total thickness of 7-8 μm and a layer thickness (TiAlN/CrN) of 20-30 nm was applied by the vacuum arc method to a base of superhard ceramics based on cubic boron nitride. The influence of doping of the coatings with Y, Y, and Si materials and a complex of elements such as Y, Zr, and Nb on the state of the interface was considered. For coatings with different levels of material doping, the presence of a droplet phase at the interface of the coatings and its effect on the defectiveness and surface roughness of the coatings were analyzed. It was found that the minimum amount of the droplet phase at the interface is inherent in (TiAlSiY)N/CrN, which is associated with the high thermal conductivity of the resulting coating. A large amount of the droplet phase is characteristic of the (TiZrNbYAl)N/CrN coating. The roughness of the interfaces of the coatings changes according to the amount of the droplet phase. The microhardness of the coatings was determined, the value of which is related to the presence of alloying elements in the material. The microhardness of the coatings can exceed the microhardness of the nitrides that make up their composition: the microhardness of the (TiAlSiY)N/CrN coating is 30.5 GPa, and that of the CrN nitride is 26 GPa. No chips or cracks were found at the interfaces of the studied coatings. Based on the analysis of the results of studying the interface of coatings by the method of sketch testing, the aggressive and cohesive mechanisms of coating destruction were established, depending on the nature of the alloying of their materials. The results of studies of the mechanical and tribological properties of coatings allow us to propose promising areas for the use of coatings in PcBN cutting tools. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study focuses on the surface structures and microstructural changes of titanium dioxide nanotubes, when electrochemically coated with platinum and/or palladium. Ti samples anodized in a fluorine-containing electrolyte exhibit self-organized nanotubes of varying diameters with open pores. Annealing at 773 K led to compaction of the porous layer, the formation of cracks, and the appearance of corrugation in the nanotubes. The deposition of platinum produced a transition from a nanotubular surface structure to a microcrystalline structure consisting of rutile crystallites. The palladium-coated samples showed fused blocks characteristic of titanium suboxides. The tubular structure was preserved, even after crystallization. SEM images revealed a comb-like pattern in coatings with varying metal content. XRPD analysis confirmed the presence of anatase and elemental titanium. PdO was detected on the surface of the thermally treated samples. For samples co-treated with Pd and Pt, mutual diffusion of the two metals took place during the heat treatment. The findings reveal surface characteristics, metal deposition effects, and phase composition of titania nanotubes, providing valuable insights for further research. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A material that composed a components either nanoscale or nano-sized and have improved dielectric characteristics is called a nanocomposite material for dielectric applications. Dielectric materials can sustain an electric field with little energy loss since they are non-conductive. This study examined in detail the optical, morphological, and structural characteristics of materials made of tin dioxide/graphene oxide (SnO2/GO), with an emphasis on the potential uses of these materials as dielectrics. The crystalline nature of the materials was revealed by using X-ray diffraction (XRD) to clarify the structural properties of the produced nanocomposites. This was done in a systematic manner. For the purpose of enhancing dielectric characteristics, morphological investigations using scanning electron microscopy (SEM) reveal a well-dispersed and linked structure. A significant defect density is discovered in the composite, and the energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDX) spectrum's exclusive Tin (Sn), carbon (C), and oxygen (O) content confirms the originality of the sample. The optical properties of the nanocomposites were studied using photoluminescence (PL) measurements, and ultraviolet-visible spectroscopy (UV-Vis) of the nanocomposite revealed a 3.7 eV energy of the band gap that is consistent with SnO. The tiny high fault density and grain size are in charge of the dielectric constant's observable increase. The synthesized SnO2/GO nanocomposite shows promising properties use in dielectric applications. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The paper discusses the results of saponite research from the Tashkiv deposit of Ukraine. X-ray structural analysis proved the necessity of preliminary cleaning of saponites from mineral impurities. The study of the morphology, nanoprofile and topography of the surface of saponite by the methods of SEM-microscopy and Atomic Force Microscopy revealed that the mineral is represented by aggregates of nano- and microparticles of a pyramidal shape. Its characteristic feature is the heterogeneity of isomorphic substitutions of ions in the tetrahedral and octahedral sheets of the structural elementary package. According to X-ray fluorescence analysis, saponite contains a significant amount of Fe3+, which isomorphically replaces magnesium Mg2+ and, accordingly, is located mastly in the octahedral sheet of the structural package with a charge from +0.37 to +0.35. The number and mechanism of isomorphic substitutions determine the presence of a total negative charge of the crystal lattice (from –0.38 to –0.3), the value of which ensures intensive interaction with water molecules of the interpacket space with the formation of surface OH groups. Accordingly, both acidic and alkaline Lewis and Brønsted centers are present on the surface with a predominance of acidic ones, so the acidity function is 5.82, and the point of zero proton charge is pH = 5.5. During dispersion in water, a part of the alkaline centers of the side surface are transformed into Brønsted acid centers as a result of their protonation, which causes an increase in the pH of the dispersion medium to pH = 8–8.6. Accordingly, the isoionic state is reached at pH = 7.5. The difference in pH values characterizing the isoionic state of the surface and the point of zero net proton charge (PZNPC) indicates the presence of weak acid-alkaline centers on the surface. The study of the adsorption of acid-alkaline dyes showed the adsorption of alkaline (pK = 1/3) and acid (pK = 7/14) dyes on saponites. The latter is significantly reduced due to the preliminary hydration of the solid surface - mainly the lateral edges of the particles. Acidic dyes are not adsorbed from a dispersion medium with pH < 5.5 (PZNPC), and basic dyes are adsorbed at pH > 5,5( PZNPC). [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The morphology of titanium, zirconium, and hafnium nanofilms deposited onto zirconia after annealing in vacuum at 1400, 1500, and 1600°C was studied. Nanofilms show a tendency to fragmentation; for titanium it begins at 1400°C, for zirconium and hafnium at 1500°C. At further heating, titanium nanofilm coagulates, while zirconium and hafnium nanofilms interact with the oxygen of the substrate. Tendencies for the formation of swellings on films prior to fragmentation and a certain role of grain boundaries in the cases of titanium and hafnium were noted. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The aim of presented work was to synthesize geopolymers based on the metakaolin and to determine their adsorption capability in the process of cesium and strontium ions removal from the aqueous solutions. New approaches were proposed for obtaining the two samples of geopolymers in techologically suitable forms. Morphology of materials was investigated by means of X-ray fluorescence analysis (XRF), low-temperature nitrogen adsorption/desorption and scanning electron microscopic studies (SEM). As it follow from the data of XRF analysis, SiO2 and Al2O3 oxides found to be the major components in all samples investigated (~ 54–84 wt. %). As was determined by SEM studies, geopolymers consisted from nanosized particles, amorphous geopolymers binder and unreacted kaolin. It has been found that all samples involve the mesopores with approx. 1–40 nm radii. The greatest specific surface area calculated by the Brunauer-Emmet-Teller (BET) method had the sample obtained in the forms of spherical rods (SBET = 88 m² /g) that about 10 times greater than for initial kaolin taken for synthesis. The ion exchange capacities of materials in the process of Cu2+, Cs+ and Sr2+ removal from water solution were determined and it was found that these properties depends on the method of materials obtaining. Data showed that the geopolymers were more effective for removal the desired ions than initial kaolin. The greatest adsorption capacity towards cesium ions was received on the samples obtained in forms of pyramids and was reached 1.75 mmol/g. Experimental data were fitted into the Langmuir models and the main Langmuir constants were calculated. When analysing the data of investigation with comparing the literature data it was noted that geopolymers obtained can be used in adsorption technology for purification of water from radionuclides as technologically suitable sorbents. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Probiotic preparation containing bacteria of the genus Bacillus subtilis and Bacillus licheniformis used for feeding broiler chickens to improve feed digestion, nutrient absorption, increase immune status and productivity, and for the prevention and treatment of various poultry diseases. The purpose of the study is to conduct histological tests of broiler chicken slaughter products when they were administered a probiotic biologic medical product in doses of: 0.5 g, 2.0, and 4.0 g per 10 dm³ of water. The material was examined by the histological method. It was found that the muscle fibres in the pectoralis major are of the same type, evenly directed, the cytoplasm of muscle fibres is moderately eosinophilic, uniformly light pink, and minor layers of adipose tissue are found between the bundles of muscle fibres. The morphological architectonics of the heart muscle are preserved, cardiomyocytes are homogeneous and have a clear orientation. The microstructure of the liver of broiler chickens is unchanged: hepatocytes are collected in the same type of groups; the central veins are desolate; the cytoplasm of these cells is homogeneous, clear, and pink; the nuclei are weakly basophilic. In the spleen, the follicular structure is formed, leukocytes are diffusely placed at different stages of differentiation; vessels in significant numbers, thickened, of different calibre. The cuticle of the muscular part of the stomach contains the epithelial layer, the volume part of the connective tissue base layer is revealed; muscle fibres are located under the mesenchymal base of the cuticle. Lungs by morphological structure have bronchial tubes throughout the structure, which contain blood cells. According to the results of the conducted studies, a beneficial effect of a probiotic biological product at a dose of 4.0 g/10 dm³ of water on the morphology of the pectoralis major and internal organs of broiler chickens was established. Therefore, a probiotic at a dose of 4.0 g/10 dm³ of water during the drinking of broiler chickens can be recommended to increase productivity and produce safe slaughter products. The practical significance of the results obtained is to determine the features of the effect of feeding poultry with different doses of probiotics on the microstructure of its slaughter products, which is important for obtaining the best effect from its use [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The article discusses the processes of formation of impurity accumulations in silicon, simultaneously doped with impurity atoms of nickel and iron at a temperature of T = 1473 K. The structural structures and elemental composition of impurity accumulations, which have different morphological parameters, are studied. The results of structural analyzes showed that the formation of any massive accumulations of impurity atoms was not observed in the volume of the initial samples. Unlike the original samples, in the volume of n-Si samples, the formation of accumulations of impurity atoms of various geometric shapes is observed, the sizes of which reach up to several hundred nanometers. It has been revealed that in the volume of impurity accumulations, in addition to atoms of the matrix element silicon and the main impurities of nickel and iron, there are also atoms of so-called technological impurities such as carbon and oxygen. Analyzes of the chemical composition of an impurity accumulation with a spherical shape, the diameter of which is 400 nm, showed that in the central region of this impurity accumulation the percentage of impurity Ni atoms is 30.76 %, and iron atoms are 16.34 %. Also presented are the results of studies of the effect of thermal annealing on the resistivity of n-Si samples at temperatures T = 673 ÷ 1273 K in a time interval of 10 ÷ 120 minutes, followed by sharp quenching. As it turned out, in the dependences of the relative resistivity of n-Si samples on the duration of the annealing time, a certain tendency is observed, according to which, with increasing annealing temperature, the maximum in the dependence curves occurs at a shorter annealing time. Using electron microscopy, structural analyzes of the state of impurity accumulations before and after exposure to thermal annealing were carried out. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The aim of this study is to test the two accounts that have been posited as how cognates are represented in the bilingual mind: the mophological account and the phonological account. More specifically, this study exploits the uique feature of pluralization in Arabic (i.e., concatenative vs. non-concatenative process of pluralization) to invetigate how cognates are represented in the bilingual mind of different-script bilinguals (Arabic-English bilinguals) using the masked priming technique. Two types of cognates were used: cognates that are pluralized concatenatively and cognates that pluralized non-concatenatively in Arabic. In concatenative pluralization, the phonology of the singualr form is intact such as هرمون /hormōn/ (hormone in English), which is pluralized as هرمونات/hormōnat/ (hormones in English). On the other hand, in non-concatenative pluralization, the phonology of the singular form is broken when a word is plualized non-concatenatively as in ترم /tirm/ (term in English) and أترام atrām/ (terms in English). The results show a comparable priming effect for both types of pluralizations indicating that cognates in Arabic-English bilinguals may have a shared morphological representation since the magnitude of priming was not affected by the type of pluralization. This similar priming effect for concatenative and non-concatenative pluralization indicates that cognates may share a special kind of morphological representation as suggested by the morphological account. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The article is dedicated to the investigation of orange garnets from Miocene-Pliocene deposits of the Balta suite and the Sarmatian stage in the Vinnytsia area. The Vinnytsia area is located on the southwestern slope of the Ukrainian Shield. The crystalline basement on most of the area is represented by granitoids of the Berdychiv complex of Paleoproterozoic age, and to a lesser extent by enderbites and charnockites of the Lityn complex of Neoarchean age. Among these, there are mafic and ultramafic bodies ranging from 0.5 to 2 meters in thickness. The sedimentary cover with a total thickness of up to 20 m is represented by sands and clays of the middle Sarmatian, Balta, and Quaternary sediments. These deposits are enriched with mantle minerals, predominantly pyrope, and four diamond crystals have also been discovered. We studied the chemical composition (253 crystals) and morphology (278 crystals) of the orange garnets. The studied samples are mostly represented by garnets of pyrope and pyrope-almandine composition, a small part is represented by grossulars. Most of the garnets are unrounded crystal fragments ranging in size from 0.2 to 0.6 mm, exhibiting signs of intense hypergene changes. These are evident in the development of positive (block) and negative relief features, appearing as drop-shaped, cone-shaped, small hilly microrelief and various forms of etching channels. The morphological features suggest that these garnets were probably relocated a short distance from their primary sources and had been present in the weathering crust for an extended period. The original sources of garnets are most likely Precambrian and located on active tectonic zones, which led to their destruction. According to chemical composition data, among orange garnets low-chromium websterite and lowcalcium eclogite varieties, as well as garnets of high-iron mantle pyroxenites are dominated. The presence of titanium impurities in many garnets indicates the possible diamond-bearing nature of some primary sources. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This article reviews the literature on the morphological features of the poultry thymus. Since the preservation of livestock and disease prevention is a constant problem, the issue of poultry care will always remain in the forefront. Efforts to preserve the population and increase their productivity are directly related to strengthening poultry immunity and the state of their immune system. The study of the morphology of immune system organs allows us to objectively assess the effectiveness of methods for the prevention and treatment of various diseases, as well as to identify critical periods of development of the immune system and the body as a whole. When assessing the immune status of poultry, much attention is paid to the state of lymphoid organs, including the thymus. Currently, aspects related to the dynamics of development of immunocompetent organs during the postnatal period of ontogenesis and the time frame of their involution remain unresolved. Understanding the morphological features of the thymus and its changes is a key element in assessing the function of the immune system. It was found that with the growth and development of chicks, the absolute and relative weight of the thymus increases. However, at the onset of reproductive maturity, these values decrease significantly. Involution of the thymus mass occurs, the boundary between cortical and cerebral substances becomes less distinct, and the cellular composition of the thymus changes. The process of age-related involution is accompanied by a decrease in lymphoid tissue and T-lymphocytes. It is worth noting that the total number of circulating T-lymphocytes remains stable, as this population includes long-lived cells that do not require constant renewal. In this context, there is a change in the ratio of cortical and cerebral substances, the growth of connective tissue stroma and adipose tissue. It is noted that stress factors are one of the causes of early thymic involution, and the degree of development and morphological state of the thymus significantly affect the body's resistance to infections. Changes in the structure and morphometry of the chicken thymus can be an important criterion for the morphological diagnosis of immunodeficiencies in poultry. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The morphology of the Azerbaijani language has a wide range, so the question arises about the introduction of grammatical and lexical system of language rules. The relevance of the study is determined by the need to update the means of teaching junior high school students the rules of the language in Azerbaijani language lessons. The article is designed to reveal the features of grammatical and lexical structure and a comprehensive study of the language norms of the Azerbaijani language for elementary school students. The article aimed to describe grammatical and lexical features and their expression during students’ integrative learning of language rules. For this, the research used the methods of analysis, synthesis, comparison, deduction, generalisation, and a pedagogical experiment. The deductive method played a crucial role in this study, revealing unique aspects of the child’s lexical and grammatical mastery. This was achieved by using common knowledge related to education and language capabilities. Deduction was important for the formulation of distinctive features and characteristics that should be taken into account by teachers when teaching the Azerbaijani language. In addition, the article uses the method of generalization to prepare exercises for schoolchildren from a wide range of educational subjects. This approach involved incorporating the theoretical ideas explored in the study into the content of the exercise. The aim was not only to introduce these concepts but also to reinforce their understanding of the tasks, thus assessing the degree of students’ understanding and mastery. This approach enriches the educational process, ensuring the effective implementation of theoretical knowledge in practical learning experience. As a result of the work, it was established that the comprehensive study of language rules from morphology involved increasing the level of student’s knowledge, namely their conscious understanding of words in the process of speaking. Therefore, the main areas of the formation of speaking abilities and skills of younger schoolchildren are revealed. The article proves that this process is closely related to the increase in vocabulary, which, in turn, is an indicator of the richness of the language. The study presents a structured approach to teaching Azerbaijani language to junior high school students, focusing on morphological analysis, suffix exercises, and the interrelation of grammatical and lexical features. It emphasizes integrating these aspects to enhance students’ understanding and use of language. Key findings demonstrate the effectiveness of this integrative method in improving vocabulary, speech culture, and overall linguistic competence. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study focuses on titanium dioxide (TiO2) nanotubes on solid substrates, which may find wide applications as photocatalysts and catalysts. To address the need for more stable and active electrocatalysts with reduced noble rretal content, the study explores Ti. Oj sub oxi des as promising substrates for the electrocatalysts. Notably, the addition of water in the fluoride-containing electrolyte plays a critical role in shaping the moiphology of TiO2 nanotubes, leading to the fonnation of ordered structures under specific water concentration conditions. The study also examines the effects of platinum and palladium deposition on TiO2 nanotubes, enhancing their surface crystallinity and structural arrangement. The presence of an unidentified phase, possibly titanium hydride, is observed in certain samples. The findings highlight the potential of TiO2 nanotubes as efficient electrocatalysts and the influence of water content and substrate choice on their properties, opening up new avenues for advanced applications in various fields. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Проблематика. Trametes versicolor – представник базидієвих грибів, біологічно активні сполуки якого застосовуються в медицині та промисловості, тому пошук активних продуцентів, здатних до росту на відходах промисловості, та вивчення нових способів інтенсифікації росту й синтезу метаболітів є актуальним завданням. Мета. Дослідження впливу екстрактів тирси букоцвітих на ріст, морфологічні характеристики та індукцію синтезу окисних ферментів макроміцетами виду T. versicolor у поверхневій культурі. Методи. Об’єктами досліджень були 5 штамів T. versicolor, які культивували на синтетичному агаризованому середовищі Норкранс на чашках Петрі. Вивчався вплив екстрактів тирси 3-х деревних порід, які виступали за основу для дослідних середовищ. Досліджувалися культуральні показники: розмір колонії, швидкість радіального росту, ростовий коефіцієнт; морфологічні характеристики макроміцетів і здатність екстрактів тирси букоцвітих до індукування синтезу окисних ферментів. Результати. Встановлено, що ріст на середовищах із додаванням екстракту тирси берези інтенсивніший, швидкість радіального росту становить 11,2–13,6 мм/добу, тоді як для буку та дубу коливається в межах 11,6­–13,1 та 11,5–12,6 мм/добу відповідно. Найбільше значення росту на всіх середовищах зафіксовано для T. versicolor 353. Значення ростового коефіцієнта на середовищі з екстрактами тирси берези варіювало в проміжку 15,8–92,1, буку – 19,4–46,1, дубу – 15,5–46,7 і було найбільшим при культивуванні T. versicolor 5299. Екстракти буку та дубу інтенсифікували синтез лаккази, пероксидази і тирозинази, що особливо виражено у T. versicolor 353, тому його було вибрано для проведення подальших експериментів у глибинній культурі. Висновки. Для підвищення накопичення біомаси T. versicolor можна використовувати екстракти тирси берези, буку та дубу, а для інтенсифікації синтезу ферментів оксидазного типу – екстракти тирси буку та дубу.

Nanocomposites based on polyurethane matrix consisting of an adduct of trimethylolpropane with toluene diisocyanate and a bifunctional polyester of poly(diethylene glycol) adipinate with mol. weight 2000, and contained 1,2-propanediolisobutyl-POSS with the amount of 1-10 %, were synthesized. The thermodynamic compatibility, dynamic-mechanical properties and morphology of the created nanocomposites were investigated. For the purpose of calculations the thermodynamic parameters of interactions between the components of POSS-containing nanocomposites, a study of the isothermal sorption of methylene chloride vapors by the created systems was conducted. The sorption of methylene chloride vapors by the samples of the native PU, POSS-containing nanocomposites and nanofiller was studied using a vacuum instalation with McBean balances. The values of the free energy of polyurethane and POSS mixing during the formation of the nanocomposites were calculated based on the concentration dependences of Agm - the average free energy of mixing of individual components (polyurethane and POSS) and nanocomposites with methylene chloride, according to the thermodynamic cycles proposed by A.A. Tager. It is shown that polyurethane and hydroxy-POSS demonstrate thermodynamic incompatibility during the formation of nanocomposites. The free energy of mixing polyurethane and hydroxy-POSS have positive values at all concentrations of the nanofiller. By the method of dynamic-mechanical analysis investigations it was shown that the introduction of POSS into polyurethane matrix led to a shift of the tan 5 maximum in the direction of increasing temperatures. The temperature values of the tan 5 peak for nanocomposites with increasing POSS content increased from 38 to 47 °C for PU1 and PU10, respectively. With the introduction of the POSS nanofiller into the polyurethane matrix, the intensity of the tan δ peak also decreased. Therefore, it was shown that the introduction of hydroxy-POSS into the polyurethane matrix leads to suppression of segmental motions in polyurethane, to an increase in the glass transition temperature of nanocomposites, and to an increase in the modulus of elasticity of nanocomposites compared to the native matrix. It is assumed that this happens due to the fact that the part of hydroxy-POSS, which was not incorporated into the polyurethane chain, is concentrated in the flexible segments of polyurethane as a nanofiller. When studying the morphology of the created nanocomposites using scanning electron microscopy, it was found that starting from a content of 3 % of hydroxy-POSS, it forms agglomerates of nanoparticles in the polyurethane matrix, which increase in size when the content of hydroxy-POSS increases. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

As established, the implantation of aluminium in a stream of nitrogen ions on the stainless-steel surface leads to a partial recrystallization ('ferritization', inoculation with defect formation) of the carrier matrix. The SEM shows the formation of aluminium coating with thickness up to 100 nm on the carrying surface as a result of implantation. The results of XPS surface study demonstrate that this surface layer contains of the x-ray amorphous aluminium nitride, oxide and oxynitride compounds. The oxidation of composite (implant) leads to the destruction of nitrogen-containing compounds, and alumina become the base surface-layer compound. Both the specific surface area and the mechanical strength of the surface layer increase significantly after implantation and oxidation of implant as well as growth of the implantation dose too. The changes of the surface structure and morphology as well as formation of chemical compounds on the carrying agent influence on the thermal-physical characteristics (namely, increase of surface temperature and air near-surface temperature is observed) in comparison with the untreated sample. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Постановлено морфологічну проблему існування сфери аудіовізуального мистецтва як креативної індустрії. Розглянуто становлення її секторальної морфології як специфічної для індустрії такого типу. Означено, що друга «хвиля» діджиталізації спричинила входження сфери аудіовізуального мистецтва та виробництва у стадію переформатування неієрархічної морфології в морфологію секторальну, об’єднану з відповідним сектором сучасної економіки. Виявлено сектори сфери аудіовізуального мистецтва та виробництва як креативної індустрії. На основі змін у морфології сфери аудіовізуального мистецтва та виробництва охарактеризовано також і зміни в управлінні людським ресурсом у зазначеній сфері.

According to modern concepts, one of the basic criteria for the stability of the spinal motion segment in case of its traumatic damage is the integrity of the posterior ligamentous complex (PLC). Regarding the thoracolumbar junction (TLJ) as a zone that is most vulnerable to traumatic injuries, the Thoracolumbar Injury Classification and Severity Score and the clinically oriented AO Spine Thoracolumbar Spine Injury Classification System are used in determining therapeutic approaches in which the state of the thoracic spine is one of three key parameters. The term PLC was first proposed in 1963 by F.W. Holdsworth. However, only the widespread introduction of magnetic resonance imaging into clinical practice made it possible to fully reveal the informativeness of the specified parameter. The complex includes the interspinous, supraspinous ligaments, ligamentum flavum and facet joint capsule. The purpose of the review is to organize modern ideas about the morphology, biomechanical features, clinical significance, and diagnostic possibilities of detecting damage to the PLC in traumatic injuries of the TLJ area. In the first part, the morphological and biomechanical features of the PLC of the TLJ zone are considered in detail. When describing the morphology of some ligaments, the main attention is paid to their length, fixation zones, and certain layers, if such are distinguished. In addition, the relative anatomical location of the considered structures was taken into account. Histological features are indicated only in terms of their biomechanical significance. The analysis of literature data made it possible to organize the data characterizing the biomechanical parameters of each ligament of the PLC for each spinal motion segment of the area under consideration. Stiffness indicators, breaking force, fracture energy, strength and deformation limits, maximum deformation and elastic modulus were taken into account. The features of the load-deformation curve of the TLJ ligaments and methods of calculating the nonlinear change in the stiffness of each ligament of the PLC within the limits of physiological loads are considered. The phenomenon of preload and its clinical significance are described. Some aspects of the interaction between the elements of the passive stabilization system under different load patterns are considered. The data presented in the first part of the review can be useful for a general understanding of the principles of biomechanics of the spinal motion segment and may be used in the construction of highly detailed computer models. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Silver-containing film materials are formed by vacuum sputtering of silver nanoparticles on the surface of polyelectrolyte complexes based on chitosan and sodium salt of carboxymethylcellulose (pectin). The obtained samples were characterized by the methods of wide-angle X-ray scattering and transmission electron microscopy, and their antimicrobial, antiviral and cytotoxic properties were also investigated. The presence of metallic silver on the surface of polyelectrolyte complexes was confirmed by the method of wide-angle X-ray diffraction. It was established that upon sputtering of silver, a ~200 nm thick layer is formed within 5 minutes. It was shown that Na-CMC--Ag--chitosan and pectin--Ag--chitosan samples, formed by silver sputtering, exhibit antimicrobial activity against test cultures of S. aureus, E. coli, P. aeruginosa, and C. albicans. Antiviral activity of samples against influenza A virus and herpes simplex virus type 1 was also established. The obtained samples were not cytotoxic, did not inhibit the viability of MDCK and BHK cell cultures. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The influence of the concentration of plasticizer (glycerine) and carbon nanotubes (CNTs) on the micro- and macrorheological properties of melts of polypropylene/plasticized polyvinyl alcohol (PP/PVA) mixtures is studied. During flow of melts of all the studied compositions, a microfibrillar structure is formed within them. As found, changing the ratio of viscoelastic properties of PP and PVA, when adding different amounts of modifying additives, allows us to adjust the mass fraction of types of structures (microfibrils, films, particles), as well as their dimensional characteristics. Reducing the average diameter of microfibrils from 2.7 to 1.2 µm and increasing their share from 84.3 to 96.8 wt.% in the initial and nanofilled mixtures, respectively, are achieved in a composition with similar values of viscosity and elasticity of the components. As shown, the melts of bi- and three-component systems are typical non-Newtonian fluids, and the viscosity of their melts is several times lower than η of the initial components. The values of elasticity, judging by the equilibrium swelling of extrudates, are higher than for the starting polymers, and depend on the content of nanotubes. The ability to longitudinal deformation of the melt jet, which determines its fibre-forming properties, in composite systems is reduced, but remains sufficient for stable processing into threads on available process equipment. As established, the formed microfibrillary structure helps to improve the performance characteristics of composite monothreads due to the effect of self-reinforcement. Tensile strength and dimensional stability of threads obtained from a mixture containing 0.5 wt.% CNTs increase by 1.5 and 1.6 times, respectively. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study describes the results of studying the effect of modification/micro alloying with hafnium and alloying with tantalum on the morphology and distribution of the carbide phase in the ZhS3DK-VI alloy microstructure. The carbide phase is an integral structural component of the microstructure of nickel heat-resistant alloys, has a tremendous impact on the strength characteristics of the material. In this regard, the shape, size, and distribution of particles of this phase in the microstructure are of great importance. The formation of the morphology of carbide particles largely depends on the technological factors of casting such as temperature of the ceramic mold, crystallization rate, melt temperature, etc. The higher the temperature parameters and the lower the crystallization rate during casting, the coarser the morphology and topography of carbide particles formed during solidification and, accordingly, the lower the strength characteristics of the material. However, technological parameters also affect the geometry of the casting and it is not always possible to change the technology; so the only possibility is the use of modification or alloying of the alloy upon receipt of the work piece. Such carbide-forming elements as hafnium and tantalum, due to their chemical activity, react with carbon at the stage of crystallization and form thermally stable primary MC-type carbides. The use of hafnium in nickel alloys is limited to a concentration of 0.1 % since at a higher concentration, this element and nickel form a eutectic phase, the melting temperature of which is much lower than the homogenization temperature of the alloys. It is studied the possibility of doping the ZhS3DK-VI alloy with tantalum to form a favorable morphology of the carbide phase. The dispersed carbide particles are taken in the microstructure of the ZhS3DK-VI alloy after experimental work. The chemical composition of the particles is dominated by tantalum, and there is some hafnium.

The aim of presented work was to synthesize the ecologically friendly sorbents using low cost reagents based on magnesium silicates by precipitation, hydrothermal and sol-gel methods. Morphology of materials obtained was investigated by means of thermogravimetric analysis (TG-DTA), low temperature adsorption/desorption method, scanning and transmission electron microscopic studies (SEM and TEM). It has been found that all sorbents are obtained in a form of amorphous layer-structure magnesium silicates with the micro-and mesoporous structure. Based on low temperature nitrogen isotherms, the specific surface area and volume of micropores calculated by the Brunauer-Emmet-Teller (BET) and Barrett-Joyner-Halenda (BJH) methods were the greatest for the sample obtained by sol gel method (SBET = 640 m²/g, Vmicro = 0.26 cm³/g) while the sample synthesized by precipitation had the biggest volume of mesopores among the materials investigated (Vmeso = 0.39 cm³/g). As follows from TEM images, all samples consist of particles with the size from 10 up to 50 nm, the sample synthesized by sol gel method had the most homogeneous structure (MgSi-3). The ion exchange capacities of materials in the process of Cs+, Sr2+, Cu2+, and Co2+ removing from aqueous solution were determined and it was found that these properties depend on the method of materials obtaining. Data showed that magnesium silicate synthesized by precipitation method has the higher capacity toward the heavy metal cations compared to the radionuclides (1.56 and 0.96 mmol/g for cobalt and copper, respectively). For two samples synthesized by hydrothermal and sol-gel methods the increasing was fixed of capacity towards cesium and strontium ions that could be explained by the significant amounts of pores approx 2.6 nm radii in their structure. Experimental data were fitted to the Langmuir models. Analysing the data of adsorption studies, it was noted that all materials obtained can be used in adsorption technology for purification of water from heavy metal ions and radionuclides. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Using XRD and TEM methods structure and morphogy of nanocomposites type polymer-metal based on stoichiometric polyelectrolyte complexe (chitosan-chloride and Na-phosphate of starch – starch of milk maize that Na-threepolyphospate functionalised) and metalic nanoparticles of silver and copper vere investigated. Using FTIR-spectroscopy phosphate of starch vere identifi cated. Nanocomposites vere formated two methods: thermo-chemical reduced of Ag+ i Cu2+ cations (by 150 °C and 170 °C accordingly) and Cu2+ cations reduced by method green synthesis (using extracte green tea) to metalic state. Show, that in volyme of nanocomposites the metalic nanopaticles silver and copper, what acquired thermo-chemicel method, have average size 5,0 nm and 3,5 nm accordingly, whereas nanoparticles copper, what acquired by method green synthesis, have average size 12,0 nm. Little size of metalic nanoparticles copper which obtaining by thermo-chemical method in contrast to nanoparticles copper which obtained by method green synthesis, caused by action of high temperature. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Infectious diseases caused by viruses and microorganisms continue to be one of the biggest health problems worldwide, despite the rapid progress in the creation of drugs and the development of pharmaceutical technologies. Th e risk of complications and the spread of infections in society remains high. Scientifi c research and the fi ght against viral infections, in particular with a large group of respiratory diseases caused by viruses, such as infl uenza viruses, parainfl uenza viruses, respiratory sensitivities, adenoviruses, rhinoviruses, coronaviruses, etc., occupy an important place in modern medicine. Due to the nature, characteristics and biological and physical properties of viruses, the issues of combating them are very acute. Microorganisms resistant to many antimicrobial agents are also developing (Staphylococcus aureus, Escherichia coli, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Candida albicans, etc.). Th erefore, today there is an urgent need for new materials with a higher antiviral and bactericidal eff ect, less toxicity for humans and the environment (ecology, medicine and food industry). Silver-containing biomaterials in various forms (powders, fi lms, solutions, products formed by 3D printing technology) with eff ective antimicrobial and antiviral eff ects have been developed. Th e materials are made on the basis of polyelectrolyte complexes of polysaccharides (pectin – chitosan, pectin – cationic starch, carboxymethylcellulose – cationic β-cyclodextrin, anionic starch – cationic starch) and polylactide biopolymer. Silver nanoparticles in the composition of composites were formed in environmentally friendly ways: by reduction silver ions with extracts of natural substances (green tea, mint, propolis, pectin), by methods of thermochemical reduction or cathodic sputtering of silver nanoparticles from silver foil onto the surface of the fi lm. Th e structure, morphology, obtained materials and their antimicrobial, antiviral and cytotoxic properties were studied. Th e relationship between the structure and morphology and the protective properties of the obtained materials was studied. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A series of polymer/inorganic hybrids based on silica sol and polyacrylamide (SiO2 -g-PAAm) with diff erent number and length of PAAm chains was obtained by radical graft polymerization of acrylamide from the surface of SiO2. Th e main molecular and structural parameters of the hybrids, such as the chemical composition, average radius and charge of SiO2 particles, the number of graft s per one particle and their molecular weight, the average diameter and hydrodynamic volume of hybrid particles, and the thickness of the PAA layer, were determined. For this, elemental analysis, DTGA, static light scattering, viscometry, potentiometric titration, and TEM were used. Th e functional properties of hybrids as hydrophilic matrices in the in situ synthesis of nickel nanoparticles by borohydride reduction of metal ions from the Ni(NO3)2·6H20 salt in an aqueous medium have been studied. Using the method of UV-Vis spectroscopy and the developed original approach, the kinetics and effi ciency of the formation of NiNPs in hybrid solutions were characterized, depending on the structure and concentration of the hybrid matrices and the concentration of the metal salt. An increase in the rate of accumulation and yield of NiNPs in solutions of all hybrids was found with an increase in salt concentration in the range of 0,010-0, 078 kg·m-3, as well as a predominant decrease in the reaction rate with an increase in the concentration of hybrid matrices from 0,5 to 2,0 kg·m-3. It was shown that the structure of the hybrid matrices, determined by the number and length of PAAm chains, as well as the permeability of the graft ed polymer layer, was one of the key factors aff ecting the formation rate and yield of NiNPs. It provided greater or lesser accessibility of the active groups of the «corona» and the inorganic «core» for metal ions and reducing agent molecules. Morphological studies of purifi ed reduction products were carried out by TEM. Based on them, the main structural elements of highly dispersed NiNPs/SiO2 -g-PAAm nanocomposites were established – swollen hairy particles of hybrids with small amorphous NiNPs (1,7±0,8 nm) included in the polymer «corona». [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Мета. Встановити особливості формування елементів продуктивності рослин видів роду Galega залежно від сортових властивостей та умов вегетації за інтродукції в Правобережному Лісостепу України. Методи. Упродовж 2004–2020 рр. в лабораторних та польових умовах Національного ботанічного саду досліджували шість сортів рослин видів роду козлятника (Galega) власної селекції. Використано наступні методи: теоретичні (математична обробка), практичні (описові, порівняльні). Оцінювали такі морфометричні параметри, як: висота рослин; кількість пагонів, листків, суцвіть на рослину; розміри плодів; довжина кореневої системи, а також продуктивний потенціал; азотфіксуюча здатність рослин; маса продуктивних пагонів; теплоємність; урожайність надземної маси; вихід сухої речовини та енергії з одиниці площі. Результати. Встановлено, що сорти G. orientalis Lam. (‘Кавказький бранець’, ‘Салют’, ‘НБС-75’, ‘Рябчик’) та G. officinalis L. (‘Гарант’, ‘Фламінго’) за інтродукції в Правобережному Лісостепу України характеризувались високою продуктивністю надземної фітомаси (28,6–62,4 т/га), а також виходом сухого залишку (7,12–16,5 т/га). У структурі надземної маси досліджених сортів на долю стебел припадало 37,0–44,2%, листків – 40,9–51,4%, суцвіть – 11,6–14,9% від загальної маси рослин. Теплоємність сировини рослин G. orientalis становила 4051–4275 ккал/га. Загальний вихід енергії із надземної маси сягав 30,44–67,85 Гкал/га. Висновки. Рослини видів роду Galega з високим потенціалом біомаси здатні забезпечувати сировиною для виробництва біогазу. Найкраще серед досліджених шести сортів власної селекції зарекомендували себе ‘Фламінго’, ‘НБС-75’, ‘Рябчик’.

The paper presents the results of the synthesis of bismuth superconducting ceramics with compositions Bi1.6Pb0.4Sr2Can-1CunOy (n=2, 3, 5) based on amorphous ceramics obtained by ultrafast melt quenching. In order to increase the rate of formation of superconducting compounds, effective devices have been developed for melting and hardening melts under the action of IR radiation. The sample holder was made of platinum. Melting and hardening were carried out in a continuous mode in an oxidizing environment in a flowing air atmosphere. The study of the elemental composition of the precursor samples established a slight deviation towards a decrease in the cationic composition of the precursors (Bi, Pb and Ca), relative to the stoichiometric composition. An increase in oxygen content by 12–15 % was also found. Synthesis of superconducting compounds was carried out in the temperature range of 843–850 °C, depending on the composition. The study found that in the sample Bi1.6Pb0.4Sr2Ca4Cu5Oy (2245) the superconducting high-temperature phase 2223 crystallizes. It was found that the formation of the superconducting phase 2223 in the Bi1.6Pb0.4Sr2Ca4Cu5Oy composition occurs in a lower and wider temperature range (843–848 °C) compared to the Bi1.6Pb0.4Sr2Ca2Cu3Oy (2223) composition. The complete formation of the superconducting high-temperature phase 2223 in a sample with the nominal composition Bi1.6Pb0.4Sr2Ca2Cu3Oy(2223) was carried out in a narrow temperature range of 849–850 °C, in a strict temperature regime with the participation of the liquid phase. An increase in the rate of formation of the superconducting compound 2223 in both studied compositions by 1.5– 2.5 times was established, compared with the solid-phase method and other melt methods [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Vitamin-mineral deficiency is quite common in the world, which negatively affects the growth and development of children, provokes the development of chronic pathologies, allergic conditions. Children and pregnant women are particularly sensitive to this condition. Considering the vitamin and elemental composition of each of the drugs, it becomes necessary to examine the effect of various complexes on the body. The purpose of the study is to examine the morphological state of organs from the use of a vitamin-mineral complex during normal pregnancy in white rats and their offspring and examine the elemental analysis of target organs and whole blood. The experiment was conducted on pregnant female white laboratory rats and their offspring to achieve this goal. Histological, ultramicroscopic, morphometric, atomic-absorptic, functional methods, and statistical analysis are used for the study. A positive effect of the vitamin-mineral complex of the selected composition on both pre- and postnatal development of offspring is identified. The average offspring rate increased by 9.79% (p=0.0443), while the stillbirth rate decreased by 81.82% (p=0.0324). The absence of negative side effects of the complex on the development of basic reflex and behavioural reactions, motor activity, and cognitive activity of offspring is proved. A positive effect on the morphological characteristics of the liver, brain, heart, and kidneys is evident: the number of full hepatocytes in mature animals increased by 8.17% (p=0.0482), and in young animals – by 5.03% (p=0.0137), in the brain tissue of 7-day-old animals, the number of neurons increased by 7.70% (p=0.0438), and the number of functionally defective neurons decreased. Microelement analysis of organs identified a tendency to increase the amount of a number of trace elements, which was reflected in the improvement of the antioxidant systems pf the body. A positive effect of the complex on the processes of hematopoiesis is noted. The results obtained can become morphological evidence for the choice of correction of macro-, microelement, and vitamin balance, prevention of its deficiency in pregnant women, and prevention of the development of deficient conditions in infants. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Вивчено морфологічну будову та васкулярну анатомію квітки Hymenocallis littoralis. Вияв-лено нові морфологічні ознаки вертикальної зональності гінецею та васкулярної анатомії квітки, які раніше не використовувались у систематиці родини Amaryllidaceae. Мікроморфологічні препарати 10 квіток Hymenocallis littoralis виготовили, використовуючи стандартні методи просочення рослинного матеріалу па-рафіном. Були виготовлені зрізи завтовшки 15-20 мкм за допомогою ротаційного мікротома. Зрізи фарбу-вали Сафраніном та Астра-Блау й приклеювали Еукіттом. Ми встановили наявність двох вертикальних зон у гінецеї Hymenocallis littoralis: короткої симплікатної та дуже довгої гемісимплікатної. Мікроморфологію та васкулярну анатомію квітки вивчали за допомогою поперечних зрізів квітів. Квітконіжка Hymenocallis littoralis має провідний циліндр при основі, який вище дає початок дорзальним та септальним пучкам плодолистка, які вище об’єднуються з парними вентральними пучками плодолистка, утворюючи дорзальну жилку. Слід насінного зачатка однопучковий. Сліди дорзальних і септальних пучків плодолистка трипучковий. Сліди ти-чинок однопучкові. Септальні і дорзальні пучки плодолистка дають початок слідам зовнішніх і внутрішніх листочкам оцвітини, а вони – слідам тичинок. Нові дані допомогли поглибити знання про морфологію та васкулярну анатомію квітки Hymenocallis littoralis та допоможуть порівняти отримані морфологічні й анато-мічні особливості з ознаками, вивченими раніше для представників родини Amaryllidaceae, для подальшого їх використання в систематиці.

Розглянуто проблему морфологічної трансформації аудіовізуальної сфери та сфери креативних індустрій у контексті прагнення України стати країною-членом ЄС. Оскільки морфологічний методологічний дискурс, за винятком праць авторів статті, не стосувався проблем аудіовізуальної сфери та сфери креативних індустрій, зазначене дослідження є актуальним. На основі порівняльного аналізу та використання наукового інструментарію морфологічного методологічного дискурсу трансформації обох сфер осмислені в часовому й просторовому вимірах. Надано періодизацію змін у морфології обох сфер у першій чверті ХХІ ст. Спрогнозовано подальше зближення обох сфер як на формотворчому, так і жанрово-видовому рівнях.

The objective: to define the specificities of clinical characteristics in women of reproductive age with endometrial hyperplasia associated with hypothyroidism. Materials and methods. There were 180 women with endometrial hyperplasia under our supervision. In 120 women, the pathology of endometrium was associated with newly diagnosed hypothyroidism. The patients with the thyroid dysfunctions were divided into the following groups: asymptomatic persons – 48 cases; symptomatic ones – 45 women; compensated patients with mild symptoms – 27 individuals. The control group consisted of 60 patients with endometrial hyperplasia without thyroid pathology. The data of the somatic and gynecological anamnesis, the concentration of sex hormones and thyroid hormones, the results of histological examination of the endometrium were analyzed in all the women. Results. The following data were found: the age of women with hyperprolactinemia without thyroid pathology is younger than the age of those with hyperprolactinemia and thyroid pathology; hypothyroidism in women with endometrial hyperplasia is contingent on frequently growing body weight, but not obesity; the most common concomitant pathology in women with endometrial hyperplasia and hypothyroidism was mastopathy which was diagnosed almost in every third patient. The frequency of such endocrine pathologies as polycystic ovary syndrome and hyperprolactinemia in women with endometrial hyperplasia has almost increased twice in the presence of hypothyrosis. In case of endometrial hyperplasia and hypothyrosis there was a significant decrease of estradiol concentration with a preserved level of gonadotropic hormones (luteinizing hormone and folliclestimulating hormone), and the lowest values were defined in women with symptomatic hypothyroidism. Chronic endometritis, the detection rate of which does not depend on thyroid dysfunction, was diagnosed in 61.5 % patients with endometrial hyperplasia. Conclusions. Thyroid dysfunction is involved in the mechanisms of development of hyperplastic processes of the endometrium, which is the basis for screening the functional state of the thyroid gland in women with endometrial pathology. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The objective: to define the specificities of clinical characteristics in women of reproductive age with endometrial hyperplasia associated with hypothyroidism. Materials and methods. There were 180 women with endometrial hyperplasia under our supervision. In 120 women, the pathology of endometrium was associated with newly diagnosed hypothyroidism. The patients with the thyroid dysfunctions were divided into the following groups: asymptomatic persons – 48 cases; symptomatic ones – 45 women; compensated patients with mild symptoms – 27 individuals. The control group consisted of 60 patients with endometrial hyperplasia without thyroid pathology. The data of the somatic and gynecological anamnesis, the concentration of sex hormones and thyroid hormones, the results of histological examination of the endometrium were analyzed in all the women. Results. The following data were found: the age of women with hyperprolactinemia without thyroid pathology is younger than the age of those with hyperprolactinemia and thyroid pathology; hypothyroidism in women with endometrial hyperplasia is contingent on frequently growing body weight, but not obesity; the most common concomitant pathology in women with endometrial hyperplasia and hypothyroidism was mastopathy which was diagnosed almost in every third patient. The frequency of such endocrine pathologies as polycystic ovary syndrome and hyperprolactinemia in women with endometrial hyperplasia has almost increased twice in the presence of hypothyrosis. In case of endometrial hyperplasia and hypothyrosis there was a significant decrease of estradiol concentration with a preserved level of gonadotropic hormones (luteinizing hormone and follicle-stimulating hormone), and the lowest values were defined in women with symptomatic hypothyroidism. Chronic endometritis, the detection rate of which does not depend on thyroid dysfunction, was diagnosed in 61.5 % patients with endometrial hyperplasia. Conclusions. Thyroid dysfunction is involved in the mechanisms of development of hyperplastic processes of the endometrium, which is the basis for screening the functional state of the thyroid gland in women with endometrial pathology. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Cyrtanthus elatus – ендемік флори Південної Африки, південних прибережних гір від півночі міста Моссел-Бей у Західній Капській провінції до міста Гумансдорпа у Східній Капській провінції. Він трапляється в колоніях на суглинистих, кислих ґрунтах на вологих схилах, що виходять на південь, при повному сонці чи легкій тіні. Цвітіння посилюється в період кущових пожеж. Рослини C. elatus швидко розвиваються влітку, вічнозелені, нові листки з’являються незабаром після пожеж та цвітіння, що проходять у будь-який час з кінця весни до середини осені. Він включає чіткі форми росту, деякі з них характеризуються швидким розмноженням цибулин і нестабільним цвітінням, принаймні під час вирощування, а інші цвітуть рясно і менш схильні до вегетативного розмноження. У відділку тропічних і субтропічних рослин Волинського національного університету імені Лесі Українки перші колекці C. elatus (Amaryllidaceae) з’явилися у 2008 році. Фенологічні спостереження показали, що рослини C. elatus вступають до генеративного періоду у віці 2-3 років. Досліджені морфологічні особливості квіток і плодів C. elatus в умовах культури. Коли рослини досягли генеративного онтогенетичного стану, проводили облік термінів і тривалості цвітіння. Під час цвітіння рослин проводили штучне запилення, для якісного утворення плодів. Модельні рослини цвітуть 16-20 днів та мають у суцвітті 4-5 квіток, кожна з них у середньому цвіте 3-4 дні. Проведено фенологічні спостереження за цвітінням квітки та дозріванням плодів. Вивчено морфологію квіток, зокрема гінецею та андроцею. Пилок зберігає 100% життєздатність та міститься у пиляках у великій кількості. Плід – ягодоподібна коробочка еліпсоїдної форми, довжиною 37-39 мм, насінини 7-8 мм завдовжки, плоскі, чорного кольору з крилатим виростом. Морфологічні особливості квітки, велика кількість пилку є пристосуванням до комах запилювачів.

The crystal morphology, photoluminescence behavior, nitrogen impurity concentrations and Raman spectra of diamonds from Quaternary alluvial deposits of the Eastern Azov region were studied. Macrodiamond from the Mius-Krynka river basin shown ideal rhombic dodecahedron habitus, and their geometric parameters are similar to those of rounded diamonds found in kimberlites and lamproites. The mantle temperature regime for the formation of Azovian diamonds was determined using infrared spectroscopy, the content and state of nitrogen impurities, and other defects in the crystals. Diamonds can be divided into different spectral types namely IaA, IaAB and IIa. They have low nitrogen contents from 19 to 491 ppm, with an average nitrogen content of 148 ppm and they have a relatively high degree of nitrogen aggregation (average value of % B = 33). Thermometric data for the Eastern Azov diamonds are in the range of 1097-1175 °C for 2 billion years and 1120-1165 °С for 3 billion years of crystals to stay in the mantle. N3, S1 and 575 nm centers are revealed in the photoluminescence spectroscopic measurements. The Raman shift for diamonds is in the range of 1331.0-1332.1 cm–1. The diamonds are probably associated with mantle eclogites, and they have been brought to Earth’s surface by kimberlites. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Робота присвячена вирішенню задачі розпізнавання зображень, що містять інформацію символьного типу, штрих коди, логотипи, або інші знаки. Прикладом таких зображень є цінники в торговельних центрах, флаєра, запрошення, білети на різні заходи. Інформація на таких зображеннях має різний тип і її розпізнавання потребує відмінних підходів. В роботі розглядалось питання розпізнавання цінників в торговельних мережах. Для розпізнавання елементів зображення суттєву роль відіграє точність їх детектування. Було досліджено поєднання класичних методів аналізу зображень та нейромережевого підходу. Особливу увагу було приділено дослідженню у порівняльному аспекті детектування об’єктів методами морфології та шляхом обробки згортковою нейронною мережею. Дослідження показали, що морфологія дає значно нижчу якість детектування ніж нейронна мережа, але у декілька разів перевищує її у швидкодії. Оскільки швидкодія має велике значення для реалізації алгоритмів на мобільних пристроях, до морфології була додана обробка додатковими фільтрами та нормалізація геометричних спотворень, що суттєво поліпшило точність детектування та подальшого розпізнавання. За результатами досліджень питань детектування та розпізнавання штрих коду і символьної інформації, що присутня на цінниках, зроблено висновки щодо обрання підходів та технологій для вирішення цих задач, розроблено алгоритм та на його основі застосунок для розпізнавання цінників різних торгов ельних мереж. Також була розроблена мобільна версія застосунку. Алгоритм побудовано таким чином, що першим кроком є детектування опорного елементу, наприклад, штрих коду, далі відносно опорного елементу відбувається детектування інших елементів цінника. Штрих код детектується за допомогою математичної морфології та методів математичної статистики, яка використовується для підвищення точності алгоритму, або за допомогою згорткових нейронних мереж. Для детектування ціни та назви товару використовується згорткова нейронна мережа CRAFT, що вміє обробляти зображеннями низької якості. Знайдені назва та ціна нормалізуються для усунення геометричних спотворень та передаються для розпізнавання бібліотеці Tesseract. Ця бібліотека працює з багатьма мовами та знаходиться у відкритому доступі. Застосунок для розпізнавання цінників був створений мовою С++ з використанням бібліотек OpenCV, ZXing, Libtorch, Tesseract.

Мета дослідження полягає в розгляді основних ідентифікаційних параметрів орнаментальності в декоративно-прикладному мистецтві тюркського світу. Методологія дослідження спирається на порівняльно-типологічний метод, адже порівняльний аналіз розкриває, з одного боку, загальні універсалії орнаментальності в декоративно-прикладному мистецтві тюркомовних народів, а з іншого — їхню специфіку. Методологія дослідження також спирається на принцип історизму, що орієнтує на взаємозв’язки культур у просторі етапів історії народів. Саме історико-культурний вектор сприяє узагальненій демонстрації основних домінант орнаментальності в декоративно-прикладному мистецтві тюркських народів. Результати статті свідчать про те, що декоративно-прикладне мистецтво тюркомовних народів має безсумнівні типологічні підстави спорідненості. У статті сформульовані положення, що мають певну перспективу для класифікації матеріалу. Результативність виконаного дослідження дозволяє трактувати орнаментальність як єдину функціональну основу морфологічної системи мистецтв. Наукова новизна представленої статті полягає в тому, що вперше узагальнені та диференційовані загальні підстави орнаментальності в декоративно-прикладному мистецтві тюркомовних народів. До аналізу залучаються етнокультурні моделі світогляду тюркських народів та їхні зв’язки з орнаментальними формулами.

The lungs, which form part of the respiratory apparatus, provide gas exchange between the environment and the tissues of the human and animal body. Therefore, lung diseases are one of the most pressing issues for modern humane and veterinary medicine. This problem is caused by the progressive growth of diseases in mammals such as bronchial asthma, bronchitis, bronchopneumonia, pneumonia, coronavirus infections, etc. Therefore, to effectively solve this issue in terms of prevention, effective treatment, and prompt differential diagnosis of respiratory diseases, an essential area in morphology is the study of the respiratory apparatus, namely the lungs, in clinically healthy animals, to develop marker test criteria that will serve as indicators of the norm in the differential diagnosis of these diseases. The purpose of this study was to investigate the macro- and microscopic structure of the lungs, conduct a morphometric assessment of their morphological structures in domestic sexually mature horses (class Mammals, species -- domestic horse (Equus ferus caballus L., 1758). The object of this study was the lungs of clinically healthy sexually mature horses (n = 5). Fresh lungs of the animals under study were subjected to anatomical preparation. For histological studies, generally accepted methods of fixing pieces of material and making histological sections were used, which were then stained with haematoxylin and eosin and according to Van Gieson's method. The basis of the lungs in horses are pyramidal or cone-shaped lobules. Part of the structure of the lobes are acini covered with a thin layer of connective tissue. The microscopic structure of acini is formed by alveolar ducts, alveolar sacs, and alveoli. According to the results of research, the alveolar tree in horses is shortened and wide and has a bubble shape. The results of morphometric studies showed that the average volume of pulmonary alveoli in clinically healthy horses is 699.80 ± 106.42 thous. µm³. The respiratory part of the lungs in horses occupies 54.8 ± 7.4% of the total area of the lung parenchyma, the connective tissue base -- 45.2 ± 7.4%. Such studies of morphological features and morphometric parameters of equine lungs are of practical importance in veterinary medicine since they are markers and criteria for pathomorphological diagnosis of diseases associated with the respiratory system [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Rutile of the Neogene-aged Zelenyi Yar titanium-zirconium placer was studied. The average size of the rutile grains is 0.25 mm that are elliptical, rounded, short-prismatic, isometric, and elongated-prismatic crystals in shape. On the surface of the crystals, elements of physical abrasion of varying degrees, as well as chemical dissolution, are observed. The color of the rutile crystals ranges from black to yellow with black and brown being the most common. A relationship between the concentration of various impurity elements and their variations with the color of the crystals is present. The highest average content of impurity elements is recorded in green rutiles and the lowest in light brown crystals. About 61% of the rutiles contain V2O5 (30% of all crystals; average content 1.28%), Nb2O5 (25%; 1.38%), FeO (24%; 1.10%), WO3 (9%; 0.91%), ZrO2 (9%; 0.85%), Al2O3 (2%; 0.70%), Cr2O3 (5%; 0.60%), SiO2 (7%; 0.57%). The temperature of primary rutile crystallization was calculated using Zr-in-rutile thermometry and corresponds to granulite and eclogite metamorphic conditions. Cluster analysis of 284 microprobe analyses of rutile allows at least five groups of crystals to be identified. According to the chemical composition of various rutiles, it can be concluded that they originated from metapelitic rocks, enderbites, and eclogite-like rocks located in the Dniester-Bug megablock of the Ukrainian Shield. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Journal of Chemistry & Technologies is the property of Oles Honchar Dnipro National University and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

The historical milestones of the development of international anatomical terminology are considered. The works in which already in the Homeric epoch it is possible to find a number of anatomical and nosological names which were used by Hippocrates and which are used in modern medical science are analyzed. The key role of bright historical figures who have made a huge invaluable contribution to the development, formation and formation of the international anatomical nomenclature is highlighted. In turn, such a long-awaited list of Latin, Ukrainian and English equivalents of anatomical terms in the latest Latin-English and Ukrainian anatomical nomenclature should contribute to the optimal integration of modern Ukrainian medicine into a single global scientific and educational space. The need to involve a number of measures to promote the systematic updating of terminological knowledge, interdisciplinary integration of knowledge gained in Latin and morphological departments, improving the anatomical and clinical terminological literacy of not only students but also health professionals. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Metallophysics & Advanced Technologies / Metallofizika i Novejsie Tehnologii is the property of G.V. Kurdyumov Institute for Metal Physics, N.A.S.U and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

This article presents samples of bismuth ferrite developed and synthesized by the authors using the solgel method. SEM images of such samples were obtained. The data from X-ray diffraction analysis and thermodynamic properties of these bismuth ferrites were studied. It was found that samples annealed at different temperatures have a granular microstructure with granule sizes from 20 to 100 nm. On a scale above 200 nm, all samples are morphologically indistinguishable. The X-ray diffraction study discovered the crystallinity of bismuth ferrites at a scale level of less than one nanometer. The sizes of nanocrystallites of bismuth ferrite and overall structural heterogeneity decrease with increasing annealing temperature. The thermodynamic analysis found a significant decrease in heat capacity, enthalpy, entropy and modulus of the Gibbs energy of the samples under study with an increase in the annealing temperature. This indicates an improvement in the structure due to reducing heat loss on structural defects. A direct correlation between the level of X-ray scattering on the studied samples and the thermodynamic properties of bismuth ferrites was established. There is reason to believe that by selecting an appropriate annealing temperature, it is possible to regulate the nanocrystallinity and thus other physical properties of bismuth ferrites. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Bone tissue was studied in 56 postmenopausal women (mean age 62.30 ± 2.74 years), of which 46 patients who worked in unfavorable working conditions had a decreased bone mineral density (BMD) (osteoporosis (OP) — in 31 women, osteomalacia (OM) — in 13); 10 women had no metabolic changes in bone tissue (BT). A BT scan fragment was obtained during surgery for a fracture of the femoral neck. Non-decalcified QD sections were prepared, the functional activity of the QD cell nuclei was determined using the method of differential staining of nuclei with different functional activity. Morphological changes in OP and OM have both common features and differences. The common is the thinning of the bone rods, the expansion of the canals of osteons, the presence of cell-free areas, and cell-free lacunae. In contrast to OP, OM presents with the thickness and area of the osteoid increase, a less pronounced decrease in oxyphyllin matrix, a higher functional activity of BT cells. A decrease in BMD and the occurrence of low-energy fractures may result not only from OP but also OM. When prescribing treatment, it is necessary to carry out differential diagnostic measures that determine the cause of the decrease in bone mass. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Using the method of X-ray diffraction, the effect of shock-vibration treatment on the structural parameters and phase composition of mixtures of silicon dioxide and alpha iron oxide was studied. From these results, has been found that the shock-vibration treatment of oxides mixture leads to an increase in the coherent scattering region of crystalline α-Fe2O3. We obtained SEM images of composites before and after treatment. From the SEM images it is seen that the processing is accompanied by fragmentation of the aggregates, uniform placement of the nanoparticles between each other and the formation of new denser agglomerates. Electron-microscopic study of mixtures using TEM was performed, which showed that the treatment leads to a lay-up of particles each other with the formation of interatomic interaction between them, which is consistent with the results of ultra-soft X-ray emission spectroscopy. The electrochemical properties of LPS, with electrodes based on mixtures before and after treatment, in galvanostatic mode were investigated. It is found that the charge capacity of the LPS with the electrode based on the mixture with the maximum concentration of α-Fe2O3 after treatment is reduced by half. In addition, such LPS doesn’t have the following cycling, which is most likely to be associated with an increase inthe recombination probability of lithium ions on the surface of the electrode material due to the increase in the population of Op-electrons near the Fermi level and compaction of the nanocomposite.

Актуальність. Проблема низької ефективності відновлення пошкодженого периферійного нерва пов’язана з тривалою регенерацією нервових волокон та пізньою реіннервацією. Застосування аутологічного пунктату кісткового мозку пропонується для трофічної підтримки та стимуляції дистального нерва на шляху проростання нервових волокон. Мета: дослідити вплив аспірату кісткового мозку на регенерацію пошкодженого сідничого нерва при одночасному та відтермінованому введенні. Методи. Кроликам моделювали повну нейротомію та накладали два шва нерва по типу кінець-в-кінець. У групі 1 лише звивали нерв, у групі 2 додатково вводили аутологічнийпунктат кісткового мозку, у групі 3 пунктат вводили через 7 тижнів після шва нерва. Гістологічними та морфометричними методами оцінювали регенерацію нерва на рівні шва нерва і через 5-6 см через 8, 12 і 18 тижнів після операції. Результати. У групі 1, 2 і 3 через 8 тижнів регенерував нерв у дистальний сегмент на рівні 20,8%, 33,3% і 41,6%; через 12 тижнів - 41,6%, 72,9% і 75,0%; через 18 тижнів - 47,9%, 77,1% і 72,9%. Регенерація достовірно зростала у термін 8-18 тижнів у нервах групи 1, а у групі 2 і 3 відновлення було достовірно швидшим, але щільність нервових волокон не досягала значень у нервах псевдооперованих тварин. Висновки. Застосування аутологічногопунктату кісткового мозку стимулює регенерацію хірургічно відновленого сідничогонерва, збільшуючи щільність регенерації нервових волокон та їх мієлінізацію. Введення пунктату безпосередньо після травми стимулює відновні процеси у більшій мірі, ніж при відтермінованому введенні, але різницю виявлено тільки на ранніх етапах відновлення.

There was performed a statistical analysis of 164 records of pathological examination of persons who died of coronavirus disease during April-November, 2020. It is determined that the share of males was 62.20%, and females - 37.80%; the average age of the deceased persons was 64.40 ± 13.79 years. The largest number of lethal cases (57.32%) falls on the age category of 60-79 years, and the smallest (6.71%) - on the age category of 20-39 years. It is important that men predominate in all age groups. The most common direct causes of death were: respiratory failure - 78.05%, multiorgan failure - 17.07%. At the same time, respiratory insufficiency was dominant in all age categories, while the share of multiorgan failure was the largest in the group of persons aged 20-39 years. As a result of the analysis of thromboembolic complications found in 10.37% of cases, there were 3.05% of cases of acute coronary syndrome and acute cerebrovascular disorder, 1.83% of cases - acute thrombosis of the arteries of the lower extremities, 1.22% of cases - acute thrombosis of the mesenteric vessels, and 0.61% - disseminated intravascular coagulation of blood and acute pulmonary thromboembolism. Morphological examination of the lung tissue of the deceased persons revealed signs of diffuse alveolar damage involving the microcirculatory bed vessels in the pathological process. According to the results of bacteriological examination of the lungs there were revealed some signs of bacterial infection in 51.83% of cases, and signs of fungal infection - in 15.85% of cases. The most common (23.78%) was the growth of Klebsiella pneumoniae. The most common comorbidities were: coronary heart disease - 62.20%, hypertension - 29.27%, non-insulin dependent diabetes mellitus - 11.59%, obesity - 10.37%, anemia - 6.71% and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease - 2.44%. In 10.98% of cases diabetes was the main underlying disease. The data obtained may indicate an adverse effect of these diseases on the course of coronavirus disease. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Peculiarities of calcium homeostasis, the activity of energy synthesis enzymes and structural organization of the dental system in rats under conditions of insulin resistance were analyzed. It was found that impaired glucose tolerance is manifested by a decreased mineralizing ability of hard tissues of alveolar processes and teeth, accompanied by a decrease in calcium content in erythrocyte mass and alveolar processes and an increase in acid phosphatase activity in blood serum. In rats with insulin resistance a decrease in the activity of lactate- and succinate dehydrogenase was detected. Degenerative changes were observed in the bone thickness of the dental area of insulin resistant rats, which were accompanied by the development of hypercellularity of the osteogenic layer of periosteum. Reactive changes in the tooth pulp were manifested by a decrease in the area of its loose connective tissue. Hyperplastic changes with the formation of unexpressed acanthotic bands developed in the oral mucosa of experimental animals, the thickness of the basal and granular layers increased against the background of a decrease in the prickle layer of epitheliocytes. In experimental group we observed a decrease in the nuclear cytoplasmic index and an increase in keratin formation in the epithelium. A narrowing of the lumen of capillaries and arterioles of the dental area, hyperplasia of endothelial cells and an increased accumulation of glycoproteins, especially in small arteries, were also detected in experimental group. Thus, altered carbohydrate metabolism leads to the metabolic changes of teeth supporting apparatus and oral mucosa, aggravating the course of insulin resistance with the development of dental system pathology. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this article, we are studied an effect of molecular weight of amineterminated oligo(urethane-urea)s (OUU) on the morphology and mechanical properties of the oligomer–polymer blends with poly(vinyl chloride) (PVC) stabilized by hydrogen bonding. OUU are fabricated from poly(tetramethylene glycol) (PTMG) with a molecular weight of 1000, 2,4- tolylene diisocyanate (TDI) and excess of 4,4-methylenedianiline (MDA) as a chain extender via conventional two-step ‘prepolymer’ approach in N,Ndimethylformamide (DMF) solution. For comparative purpose, the linear poly(urethane-urea) (PUU) is synthesized from PTMG, TDI and MDA using the same synthesize pathway at a molar ratio of isocyanate-terminated prepolymer to diamine of 1:1. The polymer-composite films with 3% (by weight) LiCl or 10–90% (by weight) PVC are prepared using solution casting technique from DMF. A presence of intra- and intermolecular hydrogen bonding (HB) in neat OUU and the composites is studied by FTIR. It is find out a formation of stronger H-bonding network in OUU/LiCl and oligomer–polymer blends in comparison with PUU/LiCl and polymer– polymer blends due to participation of the NH2 and NH groups of OUU rigid segments in interfacial interactions with polar groups of PVC. Studying the morphology by SEM demonstrates that a maximum size of the particles of dispersed PVC phase in polymer–polymer blends with 30% of PVC is as high as 150 μm, whereas the strong interfacial interactions in oligomer–polymer blends provide an efficient dispersing of the components and reducing their particle size to nanoscale level. Compatibility of the components reduces at increasing molecular weight of OUU and decreasing NH2 -groups’ content, and PVC content increases above 50%. Experimental tensile strength of oligomer–polymer nanocomposites obtained overcomes a theoretical one by 50–60%. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]