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Copyright of Food Research & Development is the property of Food Research & Development Editorial Department and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

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Copyright of Food Research & Development is the property of Food Research & Development Editorial Department and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Food Research & Development is the property of Food Research & Development Editorial Department and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Science & Technology of Food Industry is the property of Science & Technology of Food Industry Editorial Office and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Science & Technology of Food Industry is the property of Science & Technology of Food Industry Editorial Office and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Journal of Materials Engineering / Cailiao Gongcheng is the property of Journal of Materials Engineering Editorial Office and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

BACKGROUND: Polylactic acid has good biocompatibility and biodegradability, and has become a new orthopedic fixation material. However, the lack of cell recognition signal of this material is not conducive to cell adhesion and osteogenic differentiation, which limits its application in biomaterials. OBJECTIVE: 3D-printed polylactic acid-nano-hydroxyapatite (nHA)/chitosan (CS) scaffold to evaluate its drug sustained-release and biological properties. METHODS: The porous polylactic acid scaffold (recorded as PLA scaffold) with interporous pores was printed by fused deposition modeling technique, and the scaffold was soaked in dopamine solution to prepare polylactic acid-dopamine scaffold (recorded as PLA-DA scaffold). Nano-hydroxyapatite was immersed in chitosan solution, and then the PLA-DA scaffold was immersed in it to prepare polylactic acid-nano-hydroxyapatite/chitosan scaffold (recorded as PLA-nHA/ CS scaffold). The micro-morphology, porosity, water contact angle, and compressive strength of the three scaffolds were characterized. PLA-nHA/CS scaffold loaded with doxycycline (recorded as PLA-nHA/CS-DOX scaffold) was prepared by freeze-drying method, and its drug release was characterized. PLA, PLADA, PLA-nHA/CS, and PLA-nHA/CS-DOX scaffolds were co-cultured with MC3T3-E1 cells, separately, to detect cell proliferation and osteogenic differentiation. Staphylococcus aureus suspensions of different concentrations were co-cultured with four groups of scaffolds. The antibacterial performance of scaffolds was detected by inhibition zone test. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: (1) Under scanning electron microscopy, the surfaces of PLA and PLA-DA scaffolders were dense and smooth, and nHA particles were observed on PLA-nHA/CS scaffolders. The porosity of PLA, PLA-DA and PLA-nHA/CS scaffolds decreased gradually, and the compressive strength increased gradually. The elastic modulus of PLA-nHA/CS scaffolds met the requirements of cancelous bone. The water contact angle of PLA-DA and PLA-nHA /CS brackets was smaller than that of PLA scaffolds. The PLA-nHA/CS scaffold sustainably released drugs in vitro for 8 days. (2) CCK-8 assay showed that the proliferation of MC3T3-E1 cells was not significantly affected by the four groups of scaffolds. The activity of alkaline phosphatase in PLA-DA group, PLA-nHA /CS group, and PLA-nHA/CS-DOX group was higher than that in PLA group. Alizarin red staining showed that compared with PLA group, the cells in PLA-nHA/CS group and PLAnHA/CS-DOX group showed higher mineralized water level. (3) Inhibition zone test exhibited that PLA and PLA-DA scaffolds had no antibacterial properties. PLAnHA/CS scaffolds had certain antibacterial properties. PLA-nHA/CS-DOX scaffolds had super antibacterial properties. (4) The results showed that the PLA-nHA/ CS-DOX scaffold had good drug release performance, cell compatibility, osteogenic properties, and antibacterial properties. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

BACKGROUND: A large number of studies have confirmed that tissue engineering scaffolds can almost completely repair osteochondral defects. However, when osteochondral defects are complicated with infection, even after thorough debridement in the early stage, the repair effect of simple osteochondral tissue engineering scaffolds is often unsatisfactory. OBJECTIVE: To prepare fibroin/chitosan/nano-hydroxyapatite scaffold loaded with vancomycin hydrochloride sustained release microspheres, and to investigate the repair effect on infected osteochondral defect in distal femur of rabbit. METHODS: (1) Vancomycin hydrochloride sustained release microspheres were prepared by emulsified solvent evaporation method. The sustained-release microspheres of different weights (7.5, 10, and 12.5 mg) were mixed with fibroin protein-chitosan nanohydroxyapatite solution, and the scaffolds of fibroin protein/chitosan/nano-hydroxyapatite were prepared by chemical crosslinking method. The porosity, water absorption and expansion rate, hot water loss rate of the scaffolds, and drug sustained-release in vitro were characterized. (2) Forty-five New Zealand white rabbits were randomly divided into blank group, control group, and experimental group, with 15 rabbits in each group. The osteochondral defect and infection model of the distal femur of the right hind limb was established in both groups. The blank group was not treated, and the control group was implanted with fibroin protein-chitosan-nano-hydroxyapatite scaffold. Vancomycin hydrochloride sustained-release microspheres (10 mg) of fibroin/chitosan/nano-hydroxyapatite scaffold were implanted in the defect of the experimental group. The levels of C-reactive protein and leukocytes in blood samples were detected 1 week after operation. At 4, 8 and 12 weeks after operation, the tissue of the operative area was taken for gross observation and pathological observation. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: (1) With the increase of sustained-release microspheres content, the porosity of scaffolds decreased, and there was significant difference among groups (P < 0.05). There were no significant differences in the pore size, water absorption expansion rate and hot water loss rate among the three groups (P > 0.05). Vancomycin hydrochloride was released sustainably in vitro for more than 30 days in all three groups of scaffolds. (2) The levels of C-reactive protein and leukocytes in blood samples of the experimental group were lower than those of the blank group and control group (P < 0.05). The repair of gross cartilage in the experimental group was significantly better than that in the blank group and the control group. Hematoxylin-eosin, Masson, Alcian blue and type II collagen immunohistochemical stainings showed that the osteochondral repair effect of the experimental group was significantly better than that of the blank group and the control group at each time point. (3) The results showed that fibroin/chitosan/nano-hydroxyapatite scaffolds loaded with vancomycin hydrochloride sustained-release microspheres could effectively promote the repair of open osteochondral defects. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective The drilling wastewater in a block of Changqing Oilfield is large in volume, complex in composition, and high in Ca2+ and other multivalent ions, which makes it challenging to meet the requirements of fracking fluid blending performance after conventional treatment. Methods Based on the above difficult process characteristics, a new type of calcium removal process was proposed by modifying chitosan with multifunctional groups to chelate Ca2+, and its effect on calcium removal, calcium removal mechanism, applicable conditions (temperature, pH), environmental impact (mud production) and back-mixing performance were evaluated. Results The results showed that chitosan with a high degree of deacetylation was used as raw material, potassium persulfate was used as initiator to graft acrylic acid, and chitosan: potassium persulfate: acrylic acid=1.0:1.2:25.0 was reacted under the conditions of temperature of 70 ℃ for 2 h to produce highly water-soluble multifunctional chelating agent, and the Ca2+ could be chelated and removed to less than 500 mg/L by using 600 mg/L SZ-1. SZ-1 could be applied under the conditions of 10-40 ℃, pH=6-14, with low sludge production (0.016 g/L) and suitable viscosity of base fluid (30.9~31.2 mPa?s), which satisfied the requirements of base fluid viscosity range (10-40 mPa?s) in SY/T 7627—2021 Technical requirements of water-based fracturing fluid. Conclusion It is expected to provide a new solution for the treatment of drilling wastewater with high calcium content in oil and gas fields, with its green and clean color, excellent performance, and simple preparation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Acta Materiae Compositae Sinica is the property of Acta Materiea Compositae Sinica Editorial Department and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

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Copyright of Journal of Materials Engineering / Cailiao Gongcheng is the property of Journal of Materials Engineering Editorial Office and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of China Plastics / Zhongguo Suliao is the property of Journal Office of CHINA PLASTICS and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of China Plastics / Zhongguo Suliao is the property of Journal Office of CHINA PLASTICS and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Chitooligosaccharides (COS), as the degradation products of the natural polysaccharide chitosan (CS), retain the good biocompatibility, non-toxicity, and biodegradability of CS. Additionally, due to the shortened sugar chains and reduced molecular weight, their water solubility and bioactivity are improved, making them more easily absorbed and utilized by organisms. In recent years, COS has received increasing attention. While there are numerous studies on the biological functions of CS and its applications in the biomedical field, the research on the functions and applications of COS is relatively limited. This study summarizes and analyzes the main biological functions of COS (anti-inflammatory, anti-tumor, antibacterial, and tissue regeneration promotion) and their possible mechanisms. It also discusses the research progress in the applications of COS in the biomedical field, in order to provide the theoretical basis and reference for the further research and broader application of COS in biomedicine. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This experiment was conducted to investigate the effects of dietary chitosan and nutrient peptides on the growth performance, antioxidant capacity, and immun gene expression of Micropterus salmoides. A total of 3 000 juvenile Micropterus salmoides with the same specifications were randomly divided into two groups, the control group was fed a basic diet, while the experimental group was fed the basic diet supplemented with 2 g/kg chitosan and 20 g/kg nutritional peptides. There were three replicates for each group, with 500 juveniles per replicate. The test period was 60 days. The results showed that on the 30th day, the weight gain rate and specific growth rate of Micropterus salmoides in experimental group were extremely higher than those in control group (P<0.01). The levels of intestinal amylase, lipase, catalase (CAT), antioxidant capacity (T-AOC), serum immunoglobulin M (IgM), lysozyme (LZM), and alkaline phosphatase (AKP) were significantly higher than those of control group (P<0.05). The structure of midgut was significantly better than that of control group. The expression level of Claudin-4 in intestinal tract was significantly higher than that in control group (P<0.05), and the expression levels of interleukin-34 (IL-34) and tumor necrosis factor (TNF-α) were significantly lower than those in control group (P<0.05). On the 60th day, the liver malondialdehyde (MDA) content of experimental group was significantly lower than that of control group (P<0.05), the AKP level was extremely higher than that of control group (P<0.01), and the intestinal morphology of experimental group was better than that of control group. The expression levels of closed small cyclic protein 1 (ZO-1), closed protein-1 (Claudin-1), Claudin-4, closed protein (Claudin) and interleukin-10 (IL-10) were significantly higher than those of control group (P<0.05). The expression of tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) was extremely lower than that of control group (P<0.01). The study indicates that 2 g/kg chitosan and 20 g/kg nutritive peptides can improve the growth performance, digestive enzyme activity, antioxidant capacity and immune gene expression of Micropterus salmoides. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Advanced Textile Technology is the property of Zhejiang Sci-Tech University Magazines and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Advanced Textile Technology is the property of Zhejiang Sci-Tech University Magazines and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Shipin Kexue/ Food Science is the property of Food Science Editorial Department and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Journal of Food Science & Biotechnology is the property of Journal of Food Science & Biotechnology Editorial Office and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

BACKGROUND: Conductive biomaterials are considered potential candidates for transmitting electrical signals for myocardial repair. Combining cell-based or cellfree strategies with conductive biomaterials to replenish cardiomyocytes and/or restore electrical signaling pathways is a promising approach for cardiac repair. OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the effect of polypyrrole-chitosan conductive composite hydrogel on cardiac function in rats with myocardial ischemia-reperfusion injury. METHODS: The polypyrrole-chitosan conductive composite hydrogel was prepared by chemical oxidative polymerization. The micromorphology, biocompatibility and conductivity of the hydrogels were characterized. Thirty adult SD rats were selected to establish a myocardial ischemia-reperfusion injury model by clamping the left anterior descending branch of the heart and then releasing it. After 21 days of modeling, the rats were divided into three groups by the random number table method: Normal saline was injected into the left ventricular infarction area and infarction margin area in the blank group. Chitosan hydrogel was injected into the left ventricular infarction area and infarction margin area in the ordinary hydrogel group. The polypyrrole-chitosan conductive composite hydrogel was injected into the left ventricular infarction area and infarction margin area, with 10 rats in each group. The corresponding time points after modeling were set, and cardiac mechanical function (echocardiogram, pressure-volume analysis), cardiac electrophysiology (electrocardiogram, programmed electrical stimulation, optical mapping technology, microelectrode array technology, eight-lead electrocardiogram, and electrical resistivity of the scar area) and cardiac histology were detected. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: (1) There were a lot of pores on the surface of the conductive composite hydrogel, and the conductivity was (3.19±0.03)× 10-3 mS/cm, which had good biocompatibility co-cultured with smooth muscle cells. (2) After 105 days of modeling, echocardiogram and pressure-volume analysis showed that compared with the blank group and the ordinary hydrogel group, the conductive composite hydrogel could significantly improve the contractile function of the heart of rats with myocardial ischemia-reperfusion injury. The results of electrocardiogram, programmed electrical stimulation, optical mapping technology, microelectrode array technology, eight-lead electrocardiogram, and electrical resistivity of the scar area examination at 105 days after modeling displayed that, compared with the blank group and the ordinary hydrogel group, the conductive composite hydrogel could significantly improve the electrical conduction function of the heart of rats with myocardial ischemia-reperfusion injury and reduce the occurrence of arrhythmia. Masson staining of heart tissue at 105 days after modeling exhibited that there were different degrees of fibrosis in the myocardial infarction area of the three groups. Compared with the normal saline group and the ordinary hydrogel group, the conductive hydrogel group had more normal myocardial tissue and less fibrosis in the myocardial infarction area. (3) The results verify that polypyrrole-chitosan conductive composite hydrogel may promote the repair of infarcted heart after ischemia-reperfusion injury by increasing the electrical conduction velocity of infarct scar area tissue, increasing scar thickness, enhancing synchronous cardiac contraction, and reducing damaged tissue. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of China Plastics / Zhongguo Suliao is the property of Journal Office of CHINA PLASTICS and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Science & Technology of Food Industry is the property of Science & Technology of Food Industry Editorial Office and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Shipin Kexue/ Food Science is the property of Food Science Editorial Department and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

BACKGROUND: With the in-depth research of hydrogel materials, the applicable fields of hydrogel have been gradually broadened, and carrying stem cells for disease treatment has become a new direction of research, but how to construct a hydrogel suitable for stem cell growth is the key problem that needs to be solved at present. OBJECTIVE: To investigate the physicochemical properties of chitosan-chitosan biguanide hydrochloride-collagen composite hydrogels and to evaluate their ability to load mouse umbilical cord mesenchymal stem cells. METHODS: The hydrogels were prepared by physically cross-linking chitosan, chitosan biguanide hydrochloride and collagen with the cross-linking agents β-glycerophosphate sodium and sodium bicarbonate, and the suitable hydrogels were screened according to the gel formation time and gel formation effect (noted as Gel-1, Gel-2 and Gel-3 in this way). Morphology, porosity, swelling properties, and degradability of the three groups of hydrogels were observed by scanning electron microscopy. Hemolysis experiments were performed to examine the hemolysis of the three groups of hydrogels. The mouse umbilical cord mesenchymal stem cells were co-cultured with the hydrogel with the best comprehensive performance of characterization. The cytotoxicity, cell survival and adhesion effect of the composite hydrogel were determined to evaluate the performance of this hydrogel loaded with umbilical cord mesenchymal stem cells. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: (1) Scanning electron microscopy characterization results showed that all three groups had porous mesh structures inside, and the internal structure of Gel-2 and Gel-3 with the addition of chitosan biguanide hydrochloride was more porous and three-dimensional. (2) The hydrogel porosity of the Gel-3 group was higher than the remaining two groups, with high porosity and uniform pore size distribution. (3) The swelling performance of all three groups of hydrogels was above 100%, and the swelling performance of hydrogels with chitosan biguanide hydrochloride component was better. (4) The degradation rate of the three groups of hydrogels could be degraded by more than 90% in a time scale of 15 days, with good degradation performance. (5) The results of the hemolytic properties showed that the absorbance values measured by each group of hydrogels carrying chicken erythrocytes were basically the same as those of saline carrying chicken erythrocytes, and no hemolysis occurred. (6) The toxicity experiment and living and dead cell staining showed that the survival rate of umbilical cord mesenchymal stem cells in each group of hydrogels was above 100%, indicating that there was no obvious cytotoxicity. Umbilical cord mesenchymal stem cells could survive under the hydrogel package and the hydrogels had a positive effect on the survival rate of umbilical cord mesenchymal stem cells. (7) The cells in the umbilical cord mesenchymal stem cell adhesion assay can survive under the hydrogel package and can adhere to the surface of the hydrogel with normal morphology. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Chitosan, a natural polymer, is widely used in various fields of tissue engineering due to its excellent biocompatibility, safe degradation behavior, and low immunogenicity. Research indicates that both chitosan and its degradation products exhibit potential interactions with cells related to nerve regeneration and the neural microenvironment. This interaction contributes to enhancing axonal regeneration while minimizing neuroma formation. Consequently, researchers have focused on designing diverse scaffold forms using chitosan as the fundamental material for addressing different types of peripheral nerve injuries. These advancements lay a foundation for the prospective application of chitosan scaffolds in peripheral nerve repair. In neural tissue engineering, chitosan is utilized to construct different forms of neural tissue engineering scaffolds, mimicking the natural structure of peripheral nerves and guiding the regeneration of damaged nerves, which has become the main research direction in peripheral nerve repair. This review delves into the multifaceted applications and burgeoning advancements surrounding various chitosan scaffolds, ranging from hydrogels, films, microspheres, to conduits-in the context of peripheral nerve injury rehabilitation. Moreover, it meticulously scrutinizes extant challenges and envisages future research trajectories, thereby offering valuable insights to propel the exploration and eventual clinical integration of chitosan-based neural tissue engineering scaffolds. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Using chitosan(CS) and sodium alginate(SA) as raw materials and calcium chloride as a crosslinking agent, two kinds of gel microspheres, SA and CS/SA, were prepared through an emulsification cross・linking method・ The adsorption properties of SA gel microspheres, CS/SA gel microspheres, chitosan, and sodium alginate were compared for removing iron, manganese, and sulfate ions from acid mine drainage(AMD)・ The results showed that when the reaction temperature wa5 25 弋, the stirring time was 6 h, and the dosage was 12. 5 g/L, chitosan had the best removal effect on the ions in AMD, with removal ratios of 100%, 21.73% and 88. 88% for iron, manganese, and sulfate ions, respectively・ SA Gel microspheres followed with removal ratios of 80. 57%, 9. 03% and 21 ・ 68% ・ SA Had the lowest removal ratios, with 62. 1%, 6. 38% and 17. 11% for the above three ions. CS/SA Gel microspheres with 39.75%, 4. 86% and 57. 94% ・ When CS/SA gel microspheres were prepared into aerogel, the removal ratios of iron ions were gready improved when the dosage was 5 g/L, the removal rate reached 97. 9%, and the removal ratios of manganese and sulfate ions were 1 让tie improved, with the removal ratios of 5. 07% and 50 ・ 57%, respectively. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Fertilizer has been the ever-increasing demand in agricultural production in recent years, particularly with the escalating demand for food. Simultaneously, the low efficiency of nutrient utilization and environmental risks of fertilizers have posed substantial challenges in the world. Alternatively, polymer-coated fertilizers can play a pivotal role in nutrient utilization efficiency, thus reducing the fertilizer application rates and environmental pollution risks. This study aims to improve the membrane materials of typical polymer-coated fertilizers for the high nutrient utilization efficiency in conventional fertilizers. Polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) was also employed as the membrane substrate, in order to relieve the secondary pollution and uncontrollable nutrient release rates. Three types of membranes—PVA/CS membrane, PVA/CS/GA membrane, and PVA/CS/GA/nano SiO2 membrane—were prepared using three methods: blending with chitosan (CS), crosslinking with glutaraldehyde (GA), and incorporating nano SiO2. Additionally, pure PVA membranes were prepared for comparison. The four types of membranes were characterized using scanning electron microscopy (FE-SEM), water absorption (Q), biodegradability (De), and nutrient permeability coefficient (Ps). Results indicated that there were excellent dispersion and compatibility of nano SiO2 in the PVA/CS membrane solution. Furthermore, the biodegradation rates of the four membranes also exhibited gradual increments during the initial 21 days. Subsequently, biodegradation rates escalated rapidly from the 21st to the 56th day, followed by a slower growth rate after the 56th day. The CS was incorporated to enhance the membrane biodegradation rates, while the GA crosslinking contributed to the less membrane biodegradation in soil. However, the addition of nano SiO2 had minimally impacted the membrane biodegradation rates. Overall, all four membranes displayed favorable biodegradability, with the biodegradation rates ranging from 30% to 60% within 77 days. The water absorption of PVA/CS, PVA/CS/GA, and PVA/CS/GA/nano SiO2 membranes decreased by 43.00%, 68.79%, and 82.73%, respectively, compared with the PVA membranes. Furthermore, the nutrient permeability coefficients of PVA/CS/GA and PVA/CS/GA/nano SiO2 membranes decreased by 48.51% and 57.59%, respectively, compared with the PVA/CS membranes. Therefore, the addition of CS, GA crosslinking, and nano SiO2 all contributed to the hydrophobicity of PVA membranes. Four types of coated urea (PCU) particles—PCU-PVA, PCU-PVA/CS, PCU-PVA/CS/GA, and PCU-PVA/CS/GA/nano SiO2—were prepared, where these membrane solutions were applied to the urea particles using a drum coating machine. The nitrogen release behavior was evaluated using the soil burial. The time required for the nitrogen release of the four PCUs to reach 90% varied significantly, recorded at 5, 11, 23, and 28 days, respectively. On the 5th day, the nitrogen released from PCU-PVA was the highest at 90.64%, whereas the lowest was from PCU-PVA/CS/GA/nano SiO2 at 49.32%. The CS, GA crosslinking and nano SiO2 enhanced the membrane hydrophobicity, which in turn reduced the nitrogen release rate. The nitrogen release behavior of all four PCUs followed a first-order kinetic model, with the release rate constants (k) decreasing progressively—0.3 654, 0.2 333, 0.1 127, and 0.0 926, respectively—and correlating linearly with the nutrient permeability coefficient (Ps) of the membranes. The correlation coefficient (R²) was impressively high at 0.9 991. A series of polyvinyl alcohol/chitosan coating materials were introduced with excellent biodegradability and controllable nutrient release rates, suitable for use in polymer-coated fertilizers. These materials were effectively applied in the production of coated urea particles. A first-order kinetic model of PCU nitrogen release was established with the membrane nutrient permeability coefficient as a key parameter, in order to more efficiently and effectively guide the application of PCU. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Shipin Kexue/ Food Science is the property of Food Science Editorial Department and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of China Pulp & Paper is the property of China Pulp & Paper Magazines Publisher and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Journal of Food Safety & Quality is the property of Journal of Food Safety & Quality Editorial Department and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Food Research & Development is the property of Food Research & Development Editorial Department and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Food Research & Development is the property of Food Research & Development Editorial Department and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

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Copyright of Journal of Food Safety & Quality is the property of Journal of Food Safety & Quality Editorial Department and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Food & Fermentation Industries is the property of Food & Fermentation Industries and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

BACKGROUND: The most prominent transcription factor activated by tumor stem cells in osteosarcoma is EZH2, and silencing of EZH2 has been reported to inhibit osteosarcoma cell growth. Studies have confirmed that bovine serum albumin-chitosan nanoparticles are a drug delivery vector with excellent biocompatibility and biodegradability, and the albumin carrier can provide tumor-targeted drug delivery function. OBJECTIVE: To investigate the effect and mechanism of bovine serum albumin-chitosan nanoparticles loaded with EPZ6438 (EZH2 inhibitor) for the treatment of osteosarcoma. METHODS: (1) Bovine serum albumin-chitosan nanoparticles loaded with and without EPZ6438 were prepared. The drug encapsulation rate and drug release rate of serum albumin-chitosan nanoparticles loaded with EPZ6438 were detected. (2) MG-63 cells were divided into four groups and added with PBS (control group), serum albumin-chitosan nanoparticle extract solution (blank nanoparticle group), EPZ6438 solution (free drug group), and serum albumin-chitosan nanoparticle extract loaded with EPZ6438 (drug-loaded nanoparticle group), respectively. After 3 days of culture, cell apoptosis was detected by flow cytometry and the expression of caspase-3 mRNA was detected by RT-PCR. (3) Twelve nude mice were selected and the subcutaneous tumor-bearing mouse model was established by injecting MG-63 cell suspension under the armpit. After successful modeling, the mice were randomly divided into four groups for intervention. Normal saline (control group), serum albumin-chitosan nanoparticle solution (blank nanoparticle group), EPZ6438 solution (free drug group) and serum albumin-chitosan nanoparticle solution loaded with EPZ6438 (drug-loaded nanoparticle group) were injected into tumor tissues, with three animals in each group. After 7 days of injection, the tumor volume and frozen sections of tumor tissue were observed by TUNEL staining. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: (1) The drug encapsulation rate of the nanoparticles was about 8.8%, and the nanoparticles had a good drug release effect in pure water. The drug release amount was (34.72±1.93) μg at 24 hours, (48.58±1.10) μg at 72 hours, (49.18±1.24) μg at 120 hours, and (50.25±1.13) μg at 168 hours. The drug release reached the plateau at 120 hours, and the release rate was about 97.9%. (2) After 3 days of cell culture with MG-63, the apoptotic rate in the control group and blank nanoparticle group was lower than that in the free drug group and drug-loaded nanoparticle group (P < 0.001), and the expression of caspase 3 mRNA was lower than that in the free drug group and drug-loaded nanoparticle group (P < 0.000 1). (3) After 7 days of injection, the tumor volume of nude mice in the drug-loaded nanoparticle group was smaller than that in the other three groups (P < 0.05), and the percentage of TUNEL-positive cells in tumor tissue was higher than that in the other three groups (P < 0.000 1). (4) The results verify that serum albumin-chitosan nanoparticles loaded with EPZ6438 can inhibit the growth of osteosarcoma by inducing apoptosis of tumor cells. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

BACKGROUND: Clinical skin wound healing continues to be a significant concern, and tissue repair research has moved to the forefront with the development of biomaterials with immunomodulatory properties. Therefore, it is crucial to research wound dressings that have immunomodulatory properties. OBJECTIVE: To prepare chitosan hydrogels that have been modified by arginine with different configurations and assess their capacity to speed up wound healing in a rat animal model. METHODS: (1) In vitro trial: Chitosan modified by pure L-arginine, pure D-arginine, and L-arginine and D-arginine was synthesized by EDC/NHS system, which was then crosslinked with aldehyde-modified four-arm polyethylene glycol. Different chitosan-based hydrogels (CS-L, CS-D, and CS-DL) were finally formed via the Schiff base reaction. Three kinds of hydrogel extracts were co-cultured with fibroblasts respectively. Hydrogel cytocompatibility was assessed using the CCK- 8 assay and live/dead staining. The effect of hydrogel on the migration capacity of fibroblasts was assessed by using a scratch test. Three kinds of hydrogels were incubated with rat erythrocyte suspension respectively to evaluate the hemocompatibility of the hydrogels. The hydrogel extract was co-cultured with RAW264.7 macrophages to test the hydrogels’ capacity to enhance macrophage NO generation and polarize macrophage phenotype. (2) In vivo experiment: A total of 36 adult SD rats were divided into 4 groups with 9 rats in each group by the random number table method. Two full-layer skin defect wounds of 2 cm× 2 cm were made on the back of each rat. Normal saline was added to the wounds of the control group, and corresponding hydrogel was added to the wounds of the CS-L, CS-D, and CS-DL groups, respectively, and then bandaged and fixed. The wound healing was observed regularly after operation. Hematoxylin-eosin staining was performed at 3, 10, and 21 days after operation. The samples were collected 10 days after operation and M2 macrophage immunofluorescence staining was performed. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: (1) In vitro experiments: Under scanning electron microscopy, the three kinds of hydrogels exhibited obvious interpenetrating network structures with pore sizes ranging from 70-200 μm. The three kinds of hydrogels have good swelling performance, degradation performance, selfhealing performance, and suitable mechanical strength. The three kinds of hydrogels had good cytocompatibility and hemocompatibility and could promote the migration of fibroblasts. All three kinds of hydrogels had the ability to promote the polarization of macrophages, and CS-D hydrogels had the strongest ability to promote the polarization of macrophages. CS-L hydrogel could significantly promote the production of NO in macrophages. (2) In vivo experiment: 3 and 10 days after operation, the wound healing rate in the CS-L and CS-D groups was higher than that in the control group (P < 0.05). After 21 days, the wound healing rate of the three hydrogel groups was higher than that of the control group. Hematoxylin-eosin staining displayed that a large number of inflammatory cells were infiltrated in the wound tissue of rats in all groups, accompanied by neovessels and fibroblasts 3 days after operation. 10 days after operation, there was still more inflammatory cell infiltration in the wound of the control group, and the inflammation of the other three groups was improved, especially the decrease of inflammatory cells in the CS-D group was more obvious. 21 days after operation, the wound epithelium of each group was well repaired, and there was basically no inflammatory cell infiltration in the CS-L and CS-D groups, while there was still a small amount of inflammatory cell infiltration in the control group. Immunofluorescence staining revealed that the number of M2-type macrophages in the CS-D group was higher than that in the other three groups (P < 0.05). (3) The results conclude that chitosan hydrogels modified by different configurations of arginine can promote wound healing through different mechanisms. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Cellulose is the most abundant naturally occurring macromolecule on earth, and cellulose nanocrystals (CNCs) are obtained by removing the amorphous regions in cellulose to retain the crystalline regions. The high aspect ratio and high specific surface area of CNCs give them excellent mechanical properties. Meanwhile, as a typical bio-derived nanorod with chirality, they exhibit strong birefringence phenomenon and produce colorful and unique structural colors, so they are commonly used in anti-counterfeiting responsive sensors and so on. Chitosan (CS) is the only alkaline cationic macromolecule containing free amino groups in nature. Chitosan fibers are commonly used in the medical field because of their unique properties such as good biocompatibility, degradability, and rapid hemostasis. However, due to the high surface charge density and high dispersion of CNCs, fibers are difficult to form by wet spinning, and the generally low strength of CS fibers limits their practical application in life. Therefore, the two can be synergized to promote the spinning and forming of CNCs in CS as an effective way to prepare functional fibers. Currently, some researchers have also used CNCs as reinforcement base to compound with bio-based functional materials in order to expand the application areas of CNCs, but little research has been done on the characteristics of CNC assembly in composite fibers that would result in structural coloration. On this basis, this paper innovatively prepares chitosan/cellulose nanocrystalline(CS/CNC) composite fibers by wet spinning method, and compares the mechanical properties and unique optical characteristics of the CS/CNC blended fibers and CS/CNC sheath-core composite fibers prepared by different blending and coaxial spinning methods. In this paper, the effects of different concentrations and temperatures on the tensile rheological properties of CS solutions were firstly investigated, and it was found that 2.5% CS solution was suitable for spinning at 60 ℃. Secondly, different concentrations of sisal CNCs were used to prepare CS/CNC sheath-core composite fibers to analyze the effect of CNCs concentration on the mechanical properties of the fibers, and the results showed that the mechanical properties of the fibers prepared with 2.0% concentration of CNCs were the most suitable. Therefore, 2.5% CS solution with 2.0% concentration of CNCs was selected for the preparation of subsequent wet spinning. To compare the structure and properties of composite fibers prepared by different spinning methods, the structure of CS/CNC composite fibers was analyzed by infrared spectroscopy. The comparison results showed that the FT-IR spectra of CS/CNC composite fibers were similar to those of CS fibers, with the main peak changes occurring in the characteristic absorption peaks between 3 650-3 200 cm-1. Due to the formation of new hydrogen and ionic bonds between CNC and CS, it is easy to form a network structure. Scanning electron microscopy was used to characterize the morphological structure of the fibers. The results showed that the cross-sectional CNCs of the CS/CNC blended fibers were assembled chaotically and twisted, whereas the diagonal cross-section of the CS/CNC sheath-core composite fibers had a distinct skin-core structure and the CNCs were assembled in the core layer into a lamellar structure. To further investigate the lamellar structure of the core layer assembled with CNCs, polarized light microscopy and circular dichroism spectroscopy tests were performed, and the CS/CNC sheath-core composite fibers showed two distinct positive peaks at 388 nm and 608 nm. It confirms that the core layer of CS/CNC sheath-core composite fibers has a left-handed helical nematic phase structure with uniform and orderly arrangement, and the fiber as a whole shows bright and orderly iridescent colors. The tensile mechanical properties of the fibers were tested, and the results showed that the mechanical properties of the CS/CNC sheath-core composite fibers were superior to those of the CS/CNC blended fibers, with an initial modulus of 489.40 cN/dtex, an elongation at break of 9.65%, and a breaking strength of 0.647 cN/dtex. The analysis by heat loss analysis and swelling property test showed that the thermal stability of CS/CNC composite fibers was more similar to that of CS fibers, and the network structure formed in the composite fibers could effectively impede the penetration of water molecules and improve the water resistance of CS/CNC composite fibers. The above results indicate that the CS/CNC sheath-core composite fibers prepared by the coaxial spinning method not only improve the mechanical properties of the fibers, but also have the unique optical characteristics, showing bright and orderly iridescent colors under polarized light. They are expected to be used for anti-counterfeiting clothing fabrics so as to further expand the application scope of CNC. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Ideal polymer binders for sulfur cathodes should have abundant polar groups for effective polysulfide adsorption to suppress the shuttle effect, together with good binding properties. Herein, a nitrogen-rich complex binder (CS&PEI) is synthesized via aqueous mixing of chitosan (CS) with polyethyleneimine (PEI) containing profuse NH2 groups. The CS&PEI binder shows advantageous binding performance and polysulfide adsorption over the CS counterpart. As a result, improved rate capability and long-term cyclic stability are exhibited by lithium-sulfur battery assembled from the cathodes with the CS&PEI binder. The specific capacity is retained as 814 mAh/g after 150 cycles at 0.2 C, contributed by the suppressed shuttle effect and the integrated cathodes upon cycling. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Nanopesticide is one of the most important strategies to reduce the use of pesticides and their impacts on the environment. To develop a facile preparation with high efficiency, low cost and prompt nanopesticides from laboratory investigation to agricultural application, nanoparticles based on the selfassembling of chitosan (CS) with sodium methyl ester sulfonate (MES) were obtained under mild conditions and were used as carriers for hexaconazole (HAZ), a typical triazole fungicide. The structure, loading and release properties of the nanoparticle was investigated. The nanoparticle was found to be of excellent carrier towatds HAZ. The encapsulation efficiency was dominated by the concentration of MES and totally increased with the increasing MES concentration. The encapsulation into the nano carriers greatly reduced the release of HAZ and the retarding efficacy was enhanced by the increase in the concentration of MES, CS, and the crosslinking agent sodium tripolyphosphate. The release of HAZ was pH-sensitive and preferred in the acidic medium due to the increased permeability of the chitosan nano-shell layer. Compared to the technical HAZ and commercial HAZ-SC, the nanosuspension presented better antifungal activity against Rhizoctonia solani Kuhn in an indoor bioactivity assay. The half-inhibition effective concentration (EC50) was significantly decreased compared with that of the technical HAZ and commercial HAZ-SC, demonstrating that MES/CS nanoparticle was a good platform for nanopesticides with the potential to apply in the fields. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Exploration on the proton exchange electrolytes with cost-effective and high-performance is critical to the development of energy conversion and storage field. The sulfonated covalent organic framework（TPBD-SO3H） was introduced into the chitosan (CS) matrix to fabricate a series of CS/TPBD-SO3H composite membranes, followed by analysis of their structures and properties. The results indicate that a cross-linking interaction between TPBD-SO3H and CS offers an enhanced thermal stability and optimized mechanical properties of the composite membranes. The tensile strength reached a maximum value of 80. 2 MPa, exhibiting a 201% of improvement compared to the CS membrane. Simultaneously, the cross-linking interaction also brings a reduction in the swelling rate of the composite membranes, with a decrease of approximately ～40% compared to the CS membrane. More importantly, the porous structure of TPBD-SO3H, along with its abundant sulfonic acid groups, plays a crucial role in the efficient proton transportation. The composite membrane exhibiting a proton conductivity of up to 24. 7 mS/cm under conditions of 80 ℃ and 95% RH, which is twice that of the CS membrane. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

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Copyright of Wool Textile Journal is the property of National Wool Textile Science & Technology Information Center and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

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