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Objective: To analyze the effect of semitendinosus transposition on rotation and extension of hip. Methods: CT and MRI image data of volunteer were collected to construct a three-dimensional finite element model of hip and knee, and the spring model of the muscles related to hip rotation and extension was calculated and established. The relevant muscles were successively loaded to simulate the total stress and total deformation of the femur under the semitendinosus intact, transposition and missing, so as to evaluate the impact on the internal rotation and extension function of the hip. Results: The three-dimensional finite element model of hip and knee, which included bone, ligament and muscle, was successfully constructed by fitting CT and MRI image data, and the parameters of each muscle spring model were calculated. In the finite element model of hip rotation, when the semitendinosus was intact, the overall stress of femur caused by hip rotation muscle group was 0.59057 MPa, the semitendinosus transposition was 0.90023 MPa, and semitendinotomy was 0.48851 MPa. In the case of intact semitendinosus, the total femur deformation caused by hip rotators was 4.1081 mm, the semitendinosus transposition was 3.9998 mm, and semitendinotomy was 3.0244 mm. In the finite element model of hip joint extension, when the semitendinosus was intact, the overall stress of femur caused by hip joint extension muscle group was 2.8383 MPa, the semitendinosus transposition was 2.1019 MPa, and the semitendinotomy was 1.4665 MPa. In the case of intact semitendinosus, the total femur deformation caused by hip extension muscle group was 6.6956 mm, the semitendinosus transposition was 6.314 mm, and the semitendinotomy was 4.6261 mm. Conclusion: Semitendinosus transposition can better maintain the internal rotation and extension function of the hip than semitendinotomy, and semitendinotomy has a significant effect on hip movement, which may bring the associated risk of sports injury. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

North China has been one of the main regions in laying hens breeding. There is a high demand to standardize the carbon emission accounting of the laying hen breeding industry at present, in order to formulate carbon emission reduction technologies and policies in the carbon emission inventory of the animal husbandry industry. Particularly, carbon emissions are ever-increasing, as the laying hen industry is developing rapidly. However, it is still lacking in the carbon emissions of the whole industry chain in the layer breeding. This study aims to improve the carbon emission factors of the layer breeding industry in North China. A carbon emission accounting was also implemented for the layer breeding industry, according to the IPCC national greenhouse gas inventory guidelines. The mixed life cycle was then adopted to assess. The data was collected from the field research and meta-analysis data. 362-layer farms in Hebei Province were taken as an example. The benefits of carbon emission reduction were calculated from the whole chain (feed planting and processing, layer feeding, and manure management). Furthermore, the carbon emission sources were determined for the whole industry chain in the layer breeding. The results showed that the annual carbon emissions (in terms of carbon dioxide equivalent) per layer in the small, medium and large-scale farms were 25.6, 24.4 and 23.0 kg, respectively. The main emission sources were feed production (56.0%), enteric fermentation of laying hens (9.0%), egg packaging (9.0%), and manure storage and treatment (5.0%). The precise feeding was obtained to improve the manure cleaning. The optimal manure treatment also reduced the carbon emissions. There were also the traditional modes of laying hen breeding and extensive management. For example, the amount of feed varied by 5% to 10% among different farmers. A comparison was performed on the farms with the different size scales. Some measures were taken to avoid wasting resources. The large amount of carbon emission was needed to improve during the laying hen breeding. According to the survey, a series of measures were proposed to reduce carbon emissions, including specific ingredients in the feed, optimal feed structure, and better waste disposal. The laying hen breeding industry should be transformed in the direction of modernization, scale, standardization and automation. The precise feeding can be expected to improve feed utilization and energy saving. The level of waste treatment can also be promoted to reduce greenhouse gas emissions for the green and coordinated development of the laying hen industry. The carbon emission also accounted for the carbon emissions in the whole life cycle of layer breeding. The finding can provide a strong reference to analyze the carbon emission of layer breeding in different scale farms and emission sources. Carbon emission reduction measures are also suitable for different farms. Data support can also be offered to assess the carbon emissions intensity of the layer breeding industry. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

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BACKGROUND: Preliminary studies found that calcium phosphate cement/poly(lactic-co-glycolic acid) composite can accelerate the process of bone remodeling, and the effect of its degradation products on the differentiation of mononuclear osteoclasts needs further study. OBJECTIVE: To observe the effect of calcium phosphate cement/poly(lactic-co-glycolic acid) degradation products on the differentiation of mouse RAW264.7 monocytes and osteoclasts. METHODS: The experiment was divided into blank control group, glycolic acid group, and calcium phosphate cement/poly(lactic-co-glycolic acid) group. According to the experimental group assignment, the prepared solution and 50 μg/L ligand of nuclear factor κB receptor activator were added to complete medium to prepare media with different conditions. Mouse RAW264.7 cells were cultured for 5 days to induce their differentiation. Cell counting kit-8 assay was used to analyze the effect of different culture media on cell proliferation. RT-PCR and western blot assay were used to detect the changes of gene and protein expression levels of nuclear factor of activated T-cells cytoplasmic 1, matrix metalloproteinase-9, nuclear factor κB receptor activator and tartrate-resistant acid phosphatase activated by osteoclast differentiation-related factors in mouse RAW264.7 monocytes. The osteoclast-like cells were identified by tartrate-resistant acid phosphatase staining. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: Cell counting kit-8 assay results showed that the cells were in a rapid growth period within 72 hours, and then began to decline after 96 hours. The results of RT-PCR and western blot assay showed that the expression levels of nuclear factor of activated T-cells cytoplasmic 1, nuclear factor-κB receptor activator and tartrate-resistant acid phosphatase mRNA and protein expression levels of nuclear factor-1 and nuclear factor-κB receptor activator in activated T cells in calcium phosphate cement/poly(lactic-co-glycolic acid) group were significantly higher than those in glycolic acid group and control group (P < 0.05). There was no significant difference in gene and protein expression levels of matrix metalloproteinase-9 between glycolic acid group and calcium phosphate cement/poly(lactic-co-glycolic acid) group, but it was higher than that of the control group (P < 0.01). Tartrate-resistant acid phosphatase staining results showed that the number of osteoclast-like cells in the calcium phosphate cement/poly(lactic-co-glycolic acid) group was significantly higher than that in the control group and the glycolic acid group (P < 0.05). Overall, these results indicate that the microenvironment formed by the degradation products of calcium phosphate cement/poly(lactic-co-glycolic acid) can promote the osteoclast differentiation of mouse RAW264.7 monocytes. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

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Copyright of Chinese Journal of Oil Crop Sciences is the property of Oil Crops Research Institute of Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

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Copyright of Chinese Medical Equipment Journal is the property of Chinese Medical Equipment Journal Editorial Office and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

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Copyright of Chinese Journal of Oncology is the property of Chinese Journal of Oncology / Zhonghua Zhongliu Zazhi and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

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Copyright of Acta Agriculturae Zhejiangensis is the property of Acta Agriculturae Zhejiangensis Editorial Office and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Chinese Journal of Oncology is the property of Chinese Journal of Oncology / Zhonghua Zhongliu Zazhi and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

BACKGROUND: MicroRNAs (miR) is an important endogenous non-coding small RNA that regulates the expression of genes by regulating the translation of mRNA. In recent years, it has been found that miR-214 plays an important role in related bone metabolic signaling pathways, which can regulate bone resorption and bone formation by targeting related genes. OBJECTIVE: To review the new progress in the regulatory mechanism and possible application of miR-214 in bone metabolism. METHODS: The first author searched PubMed, Web of Science, and Medline with the keywords of “miRNA, miR-214, osteogenesis, osteoblast,” “miR-214, bone remodeling,” and “miR-214, osteoclast, tissue engineering” respectively for relevant literature published from 2005 to 2020. A total of 761 articles were preliminarily searched, and 63 articles that were related to the research purpose were selected and analyzed. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: MiR-214 can promote osteoclast differentiation by targeting phosphatase-tensin homolog and tumor necrosis factor receptor associated factor 3, and inhibit osteoblast differentiation by targeting transforming growth factor β activated kinase 1 binding protein 2, cadherin protein β1, Osterix, activating transcription factor 4, α1 type IV collagen, baculovirus IAP repeat containing 7, fibroblast growth factor receptor 1, TAFA chemokine-like family member 5, and bone morphogenetic protein 2. Many studies have proved that silencing or overexpression of miR-214 can regulate bone metabolism. It is also found that miR-214 in serum or extracellular vesicles may be a marker for the diagnosis and prognosis of some diseases. It is the focus of its application research to combine miR-214 antagonists with bioscaffold materials to form a stable, efficient and safe sustained release system. Therefore, miR-214 may have great potential in the treatment of bone metabolic diseases in the future. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Practical Pharmacy & Clinical Remedies is the property of Editorial Department of Practical Pharmacy & Clinical Remedies and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Chinese Journal of Oncology is the property of Chinese Journal of Oncology / Zhonghua Zhongliu Zazhi and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Light Industry Machinery is the property of Light Industry Machinery Editorial Office and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Journal of Shanghai Jiaotong University (Medical Science) is the property of Journal of Shanghai Jiaotong University (Medical Science) and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Journal of China University of Petroleum is the property of China University of Petroleum and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Shipin Kexue/ Food Science is the property of Food Science Editorial Department and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Chronic hepatitis C in children has an insidious onset and has few available treatment options. Pegylated interferon alpha (Peg-IFNα) combined with ribavirin (RBV), known as the PR regimen for short, used to be the standard regimen; however, treatment response is often affected by various factors including hepatitis C virus genotype, viral load, and host gene polymorphisms, and some children cannot tolerate the adverse reactions of PR regimen. HCV Guidance: Recommendations for Testing, Managing, and Treating Hepatitis C developed by the American Association for the Study of Liver Diseases and the Infectious Diseases Society of America (AASLD/IDSA) in September, 2017 recommended that direct-acting antiviral agents (DAAs) can be used for children with hepatitis C who are aged above 12 years or have a body weight of ≥35 kg. Sofosbuvir combined with ledipasvir is the recommended regimen for children with genotype 1, 4, 5, or 6 infection, and sofosbuvir combined with RBV is recommended for children with genotype 2 or 3 infection. The course of disease is 12 weeks for previously untreated children with genotype 1 infection, children with genotype 1 infection who were treated by IFNα and do not have liver cirrhosis, or children with genotype 2, 4, 5, or 6 infection, and 24 weeks for children with genotype 1 infection who were treated by IFNα and have liver cirrhosis or children with genotype 3 infection. Further studies are needed to investigate the type of DAAs used in children with chronic hepatitis C aged ＜12 years, related regimens, and their safety. As for special populations including children with chronic hepatitis C complicated by HIV infection and those treated by liver transplantation, individualized treatment regimens should be developed with reference to the status of HIV infection and complications of liver transplantation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Using enclosed static opaque chamber-GC techniques, the short-term effects of nitrogen deposition on CO2and CH4fluxes of CK(0 g NH4NO3m~(-2)·a~(-1)), N24(24 g NH4NO3m~(-2)·a~(-1)), N48(48 g NH4NO3m~(-2)·a~(-1))and N96(96 g NH4NO3m~(-2)·a~(-1))from Cyperus malaccensis marsh were measured and analyzed, and examined the key factors controlling the variation of CH4and CO2simultaneously in Min River estuary.The results show that, compared to the control treatment, the effects of nitrogen deposition on CO2fluxes in the N24, N48 and N96 were reduced by 17.76%,14.97%and 20.94%, respectively, the CO2fluxes under different treatments were not significantly different(P0.05); the effects of nitrogen deposition on CH4fluxes in the N24, N48 and N96 were reduced by 11.52%, 26.63%and 16.94%,respectively, the CH4fluxes under different treatments were not significantly different(P0.05). There was significantly and positive correlation between CO2and CH4fluxes and soil temperature(P0.01),however, the CO2and CH4fluxes were not significantly with soil pH and soil EC(P0.05). [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Natural Gas Industry is the property of Natural Gas Industry Journal Agency and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

A method considering combustion surface regression is developed to simulate the transient flow field of solid rocket motor. The method combining the level-set method with the porous media model can accurately simulate the transient flow field. In this method, the level-set method is used to capture the fluid-solid interface, and the porous media model is used to constrain the flow characteristics of grain region. The transient flows in the circular tube channel with interface regression and the solid rocket motor with short tube and complex wing-shaped charge are simulated to demonstrate the simulation accuracy of the proposed method. The calculated results agree well with the results obtained from dynamic grid method and zero-dimensional internal trajectory theory. It shows that the method can accurately simulate the transient flow with combustion surface regression. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Aiming at the problems of low efficiency,torque ripple and noise problem of brushless DC motor driven by traditional control method,the reasons for these phenomena were analyzed,a novel kind of sinusoidal wave drive strategy based on the vector control was proposed for BLDC and the brushless DC motor control system was developed.Inverter driving circuit,protection circuits for overvoltage as well as overcurrent and other hardware circuit were designed at the core of STM32F103VE controller.The results indicate that compared to sixstep commutation method,vector control can decrese the fluctuation of the commutation current by 52％,alleviate torque ripple and reduce running noise,which is quite suitable for equipments sensitive to running noise,such as air conditioner,kitchen ventilator.Thus,it has high application value. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

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