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Copyright of Yellow River is the property of Editorial Board of Yellow River and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

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Copyright of Science Technology & Engineering is the property of Chinese Society of Technology Economics and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

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Copyright of Journal of Hebei University of Science & Technology is the property of Hebei University of Science & Technology, Journal of Hebei University of Science & Technology and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Journal of Dalian Ocean University is the property of Journal of Dalian Ocean University Editorial Office and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Journal of Hydrobiology / Shuisheng Shengwu Xuebao is the property of Editorial Department of Journal of Hydrobiology and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Journal of Mechanical Strength / Jixie Qiangdu is the property of Zhengzhou Research Institute of Mechanical Engineering and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Acta Scientiarum Naturalium Universitatis Sunyatseni / Zhongshan Daxue Xuebao is the property of Sun-Yat-Sen University and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Chinese Journal of Tissue Engineering Research / Zhongguo Zuzhi Gongcheng Yanjiu is the property of Chinese Journal of Tissue Engineering Research and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of South China Fisheries Science is the property of South China Fisheries Science Editorial Department and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of China Forest Products Industry is the property of China Forest Products Industry Editorial Office and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Chinese Journal of Tissue Engineering Research / Zhongguo Zuzhi Gongcheng Yanjiu is the property of Chinese Journal of Tissue Engineering Research and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Engineering Science Research & Application is the property of Omniscient Pte. Ltd. and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Science Technology & Engineering is the property of Chinese Society of Technology Economics and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Journal of Zhengzhou University: Engineering Science is the property of Editorial Office of Journal of Zhengzhou University: Engineering Science and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Chinese Journal of Tissue Engineering Research / Zhongguo Zuzhi Gongcheng Yanjiu is the property of Chinese Journal of Tissue Engineering Research and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Immune checkpoint inhibitors can enhance the anti-tumor effect of T cells by blocking the negative regulatory signal of T cells, and meanwhile, they may also cause the imbalance of immune tolerance or normal immune hyperfunction, thus leading to immune hepatitis. This article mainly reviews the therapeutic mechanism of immune checkpoint inhibitors, their mechanism in causing the adverse reaction of liver injury, related risk factors, and incidence rate and summarizes the treatment methods for liver injury caused by immune checkpoint inhibitors. It is believed that while promoting anti-tumor immunity, immune checkpoint inhibitors may cause non-homogeneous immune-related liver injury due to the specificity of non-tumor tissue targets, and the main purpose of treatment is to restore immune homeostasis. Therefore, the management of patients using immune checkpoint inhibitors often requires a balance between treatment window, toxicity, and treatment of specific injury, as well as multidisciplinary collaboration. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

BACKGROUND: Exosomes are the carrier of intercellular information sent by biomolecules in bone reconstruction microenvironment. Exosomes play an important role in bone reconstruction and bone metabolism under physiological and pathological conditions. OBJECTIVE: To briefly review the main physical properties of bone-derived exosome miRNAs, and to analyze its key role and application potential in bone reconstruction and bone metabolism. METHODS: A computer-based online search of PubMed, Web of Science, and Medline databases was performed to retrieve studies regarding bone-derived exosomes involved in bone reconstruction and bone metabolism published between January 2007 and January 2020 with the search terms of “bone-derived exosomes miRNA, bone reconstruction, bone metabolism.” Finally, 60 articles were included for further analysis. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: Bone-derived exosomes are a class of nanoscale extracellular vesicles containing a variety of bioactive molecules such as proteins, lipids and nucleic acids. Accumulating evidence suggests that bone-derived exosome miRNAs play a regulatory role in bone metabolism through gene expression regulation, intercellular communication, and material transport. Exosomes cannot only be used as a potential biomarker for osteoporosis, osteoarthritis, rheumatoid arthritis and other diseases, but also play a beneficial role in targeted therapy. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Chinese Medical Equipment Journal is the property of Chinese Medical Equipment Journal Editorial Office and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Engineering Science Research & Application is the property of Omniscient Pte. Ltd. and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Shipin Kexue/ Food Science is the property of Food Science Editorial Department and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Journal of Aeronautical Materials is the property of Editorial Board of Journal of Aeronautical Materials and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Ordnance Industry Automation is the property of Editorial Board for Ordnance Industry Automation and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

In recent years, due to the transfer of rural labor and the increase of labor cost, there have be more and more researches and applications on the orchard platform which was used for assisting artificial works. The workspace is an important index to measure the organic integration of orchard platform and orchard planting mode. The researcher about kinematics and workspace analysis of agricultural machinery or agricultural robots was few. The values of the samples with the traditional Monte Carlo method are evenly distributed. In the course of the mapping process, the non-linear equation ‘stretches’ or ‘compresses’ the uniformly distributed intervals, which results in uneven distribution of the boundary position of platform reference point. The sparse point cloud and large ‘noise’ makes the workspace boundary inaccurate and thereby affects the optimization of mechanical parameters of orchard platform and other follow-up researches. In order to improve the utilization rate of orchard platform’s workspace and make the operators more comfort, a kinematic model of orchard platform based on the D-H method was established to deduce the positive solution of the platform reference point kinematics of orchard platform and analyze the workspace. In view of the problems, such as workspace boundary fuzziness of orchard platform and point waste etc, an improved Monte Carlo method in which the domain of definition was of the U-shaped arcsine distribution was proposed, and a gridding algorithm was used to analyze the workspace generated by the ones before and after improved, then a cuboid was constructed which was divided into several subspaces along the direction of axis Z-Y-X contained all simulation points. The boundary definition therein was obviously improved, the number of boundary distribution points of workspace was increased by 23.74 %, and the area of the bottom and the top boundary layer was increased by 180.70 % and 102.69 % respectively. By taking the mean value of the workspace generated multiple times as the reachable workspace of orchard platform, the spatial difference coefficients in three directions were reduced 6.92 %, 8.99 % and 2.64 % respectively compareed with those before improved, which indicated that the workspace after improved was closer to the ideal workspace. Through the platform reference point position tracking test, the measured value of platform reference point basically agreed with the calculated value. When Z was 1 314.4 mm, the maximum difference of Y direction was 1.2 mm; when Y was 763.6 mm, the maximum difference of Z direction was 6.2 mm. The results showed that the kinematic model and the solution method were correct. On the actual workspace test of platform reference point, there was larger difference between the actual workspace and the ideal workspace of platform reference point, which was maximum in the direction Y and it was 10.27 %, but which between actual workspace and reachable workspace was less and they were respectively 0.27 %, 0.76 % and 0.01 % in three directions, indicating the one of analyzing workspace by improving the Monte Carlo method was effective. The research can provide the theoretical reference for orchard operation platform’s structural parameter optimization, smart control and workspace analysis of similar type of agricultural machinery. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Journal of Materials Engineering / Cailiao Gongcheng is the property of Journal of Materials Engineering Editorial Office and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Journal of Central China Normal University is the property of Huazhong Normal University and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Chinese Journal of Osteoporosis is the property of Chinese Journal of Osteoporosis and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Journal of National University of Defense Technology / Guofang Keji Daxue Xuebao is the property of NUDT Press and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Engineering Mechanics / Gongcheng Lixue is the property of Engineering Mechanics Editorial Department and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Journal of Aeronautical Materials is the property of Editorial Board of Journal of Aeronautical Materials and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Journal of Aeronautical Materials is the property of Editorial Board of Journal of Aeronautical Materials and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Natural Gas Industry is the property of Natural Gas Industry Journal Agency and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Chinese Journal of Tissue Engineering Research / Zhongguo Zuzhi Gongcheng Yanjiu is the property of Chinese Journal of Tissue Engineering Research and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Computer Measurement & Control is the property of Magazine Agency of Computer Measurement & Control and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Chinese Journal of Tissue Engineering Research / Zhongguo Zuzhi Gongcheng Yanjiu is the property of Chinese Journal of Tissue Engineering Research and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Ｔｈｒｏｕｇｈ ｔｈｅ ｃｏｍｐｒｅｈｅｎｓｉｖｅ ｓｕｒｖｅｙ ｏｆ ｔｈｅ ｍａｉｎ ａｖｅｎｕｅ ｌａｎｄｓｃａｐｅ ｇｒｅｅｎｉｎｇ ｉｎ Ｌｉｕｚｈｏｕ， ６８ ｒｏａｄ ｔｒｅｅｓ ｗｅｒｅ ｓｅｌｅｃｔｅｄ ｉｎ ｔｈｅ ｆｏｕｒ ｕｒｂａｎ ｄｉｓｔｒｉｃｔｓ ｔｏ ｃｏｎｄｕｃｔ ｏｎ⁃ｓｉｔｅ ｉｎｖｅｓｔｉｇａｔｉｏｎ ａｎｄ ｃｏｍｐｒｅｈｅｎｓｉｖｅ ｅｖａｌｕａｔｉｏｎ． Ｔｈｅ ｒｅｓｕｌｔｓ ｓｈｏｗｅｄ ｔｈａｔ ｔｈｅｒｅ ｗｅｒｅ ２８ ｓｐｅｃｉｅｓ ｏｆ ａｖｅｎｕｅ ｔｒｅｅｓ ｉｎ Ｌｉｕｚｈｏｕ， ｂｅｌｏｎｇｉｎｇ ｔｏ １７ ｆａｍｉｌｉｅｓ ａｎｄ ２１ ｇｅｎｅｒａ． Ｔｈｅ ｐｒｏｐｏｒｔｉｏｎ ｏｆ ｅｖｅｒｇｒｅｅｎ ｔｒｅｅ ｓｐｅｃｉｅｓ ａｎｄ ｄｅｃｉｄｕｏｕｓ ｔｒｅｅ ｓｐｅｃｉｅｓ， ｎａｔｉｖｅ ｔｒｅｅ ｓｐｅｃｉｅｓ ａｎｄ ｅｘｏｔｉｃ ｔｒｅｅ ｓｐｅｃｉｅｓ ｗａｓ ｒｅａｓｏｎａｂｌｅ． Ｔｈｅ ｆｒｅｑｕｅｎｃｙ ｏｆ ａｐ ｐｌｉｃａｔｉｏｎ ｏｆ Ｆｉｃｕｓ ｍｉｃｒｏｃａｒｐａ ａｎｄ Ｆ． ｖｉｒｅｎｓ ｉｎ ｔｈｅ ａｖｅｎｕｅ ｔｒｅｅｓ ｏｆ Ｌｉｕｚｈｏｕ Ｃｉｔｙ ｗａｓ ｈｉｇｈｅｒ ｔｈａｎ ｔｈａｔ ｉｎ ｔｈｅ ｕｒｂａｎ ａｒｅａｓ， ａｎｄ ｔｈｅ ｓｔｒｕｃｔｕｒｅ ｏｆ ｔｒｅｅ ｓｐｅｃｉｅｓ ｗａｓ ｒｅｌａｔｉｖｅｌｙ ｓｉｍｐｌｅ． Ｔｈｅ ａｐｐｌｉｃａｔｉｏｎ ｆｒｅｑｕｅｎｃｙ ｏｆ ｓｅａｓｏｎａｌ ｔｒｅｅ ｓｐｅｃｉｅｓ ｉｎ ｖａｒｉｏｕｓ ｕｒｂａｎ ａｒｅａｓ ｗａｓ ｎｏｔ ｂａｌａｎｃｅｄ， ａｎｄ ｔｈｅ ｅｆｆｅｃｔｓ ｏｆ ｓｐｒｉｎｇ ｌａｎｄｓｃａｐｅ ｃｏｎｓｔｒｕｃｔｉｏｎ ｉｎ ｓｏｍｅ ｕｒｂａｎ ａｒｅａｓ ｗｅｒｅ ｓｉｇｎｉｆｉｃａｎｔ， ｗｈｉｌｅ ｔｈｅ ｅｆｆｅｃｔｓ ｏｆ ｓｕｍｍｅｒ ａｎｄ ｗｉｎｔｅｒ ｓｅａｓｏｎａｌ ｌａｎｄｓｃａｐｅ ｗｅｒｅ ｎｏｔ ｓｉｇｎｉｆｉｃａｎｔ． Ｔｈｅｒｅ ｗａｓ ｓｔｉｌｌ ａ ｂｉｇ ｇａｐ ｂｅｔｗｅｅｎ ｔｈｅ ｓｔａｎｄａｒｄ ｒａｔｅ ｏｆ ａｆｆｏｒｅｓｔａｔｉｏｎ ａｎｄ ａｖｅｎｕｅ ｐｒｏｍｏｔｉｏｎ ｒａｔｅ ｆｒｏｍ ｔｈｅ ｎａｔｉｏｎａｌ ｅｃｏｌｏｇｉｃａｌ ｇａｒｄｅｎ ｃｉｔｙ． Ｓｐｅｃｉｅｓ ｒｉｃｈｎｅｓｓ ａｎｄ ｄｉｖｅｒｓｉｔｙ ｉｎｄｅｘ ｎｅｅｄ ｔｏ ｂｅ ｉｍｐｒｏｖｅｄ． Ｉｔ ｗａｓ ｓｕｇｇｅｓｔｅｄ ｔｈａｔ ｔｈｅ ａｐｐｌｉｃａｔｉｏｎ ａｎｄ ｐｏｐｕｌａｒｉｚａｔｉｏｎ ｏｆ ｎａｔｉｖｅ ｔｒｅｅ ｓｐｅｃｉｅｓ ｓｈｏｕｌｄ ｂｅ ｉｎｃｒｅａｓｅｄ， ｔｈｅ ｓｐｅｃｉｅｓ ｒｉｃｈｎｅｓｓ ａｎｄ ｔｈｅ ａｐｐｌｉｃａｔｉｏｎ ｏｆ ｓｅａｓｏｎａｌ ｔｒｅｅ ｓｐｅｃｉｅｓ ｉｎ ｕｒｂａｎ ａｒｅａｓ ｓｈｏｕｌｄ ｂｅ ｉｍｐｒｏｖｅｄ， ａｎｄ ｔｈｅ ｓｅａｓｏｎａｌ ｌａｎｄｓｃａｐｅ ｏｆ ｕｒｂａｎ ｒｏａｄｓ ｓｈｏｕｌｄ ｂｅ ｂｕｉｌｔ． Ｔｈｅｒｅｆｏｒｅ， ｗｅ ｐｕｔ ｆｏｒｗａｒｄ ｔｅｃｈｎｉｃａｌ ｓｕｇｇｅｓｔｉｏｎｓ ｆｏｒ ｄｅｖｅｌｏｐｉｎｇ ｎａｔｉｖｅ ｔｒｅｅ ｓｐｅｃｉｅｓ， ｒｉｃｈ ｔｒｅｅ ｓｐｅｃｉｅｓ ｄｉｖｅｒｓｉｔｙ ａｎｄ ｓｅａｓｏｎａｌ ｌａｎｄｓｃａｐｅ ｃｏｎｓｔｒｕｃｔｉｏｎ， ａｎｄ ｐｒｏｖｉｄｅｄ ｓｃｉｅｎｔｉｆｉｃ ｂａｓｉｓ ｆｏｒ ｐｌａｎｎｉｎｇ ａｎｄ ｃｏｎ ｓｔｒｕｃｔｉｏｎ ｏｆ ａｖｅｎｕｅ ｔｒｅｅ ｓｐｅｃｉｅｓ ｉｎ Ｌｉｕｚｈｏｕ Ｃｉｔｙ． [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

BACKGROUND: Internal and external fixation combined with autologous bone graft for treating atrophic nonunion has a long treatment cycle, and moreover, it cannot achieve a 100% cure rate. Platelet-rich plasma contains a variety of growth factors and a large number of white blood cells, and contributes to tissue healing. However, there is no clinical study on the effectiveness of platelet-rich plasma combined with conventional surgery in the treatment of atrophic nonunion. OBJECTIVE: To investigate the effectiveness of platelet-rich plasma in the treatment of atrophic nonunion of femoral shaft fractures. METHODS: We conducted a prospective, open-label, randomized, controlled clinical trial at the Affiliated Hospital of Qinghai University, China. Ninety-two patients with atrophic nonunion of femoral shaft fractures were equally and randomly divided into control group and experimental group. Patients in the control group received conventional surgery. Patients in the experimental group were injected with autologous platelet-rich plasma on the basis of conventional surgery. The primary outcome was fracture healing rate at postoperative 9 months. The secondary outcomes were visual analogue scale scores in resting state and during passive motion, healing time, treatment costs, and adverse reactions. The study protocol was approved by the Ethics Committee of Affiliated Hospital of Qinghai University of China (approval number: QHG0223A) on May 20, 2014. Written informed consent was provided by each patient and their family members after they fully understood the treatment plan. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: Our partial results demonstrated that visual analogue scale scores and complications were similar between the two groups at postoperative 1-3 days. The healing rate was significantly higher in the experimental group than in the control group. The healing time was significantly shorter in the experimental group than in the control group. This trial will provide objective data for the clinical use of platelet-rich plasma combined with conventional surgery for the treatment of atrophic nonunion. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective To investigate the effect of EＲＲα inhibitor ( XCT-790 ) on silencing Dickkopf1 ( DKK1 ) ，sclerostin ( Sost) reconmbinant adenovirus vector，and the related proteins OPG，CTGF，FGF2，and TNFα in the transfection MG63 cells． Methods MG63 cells were divided into control group，silence DKK1 group，silence Sost group，silence ( DKK1 + Sost) group， XCT-790 dispose no-load adenovirus group，XCT-790 dispose silence DKK1 group，XCT-790 dispose silence Sost group，and XCT-790 dispose silence ( DKK1 + Sost) group． The silencing DKK1 or Sost reconmbinant adenovirus vector was transfected to MG63 cells，respectively． The expression levels of related proteins OPG，CTGF，FGF2，and TNFα were detected with Western blotting in MG63 cells． Ｒesults ( 1) Compared with control group，the expression levels of OPG，CTGF，FGF2 increased in silence DKK1，Sost，and DKK1 + Sost group ( P ＜ 0. 05 ) ，while the expression level of TNFα decreased ( P ＜ 0. 05 ) ． The expression levels of OPG，CTGF，and FGF2 decreased ( P ＜ 0. 05) ，while TNFα increased ( P ＜ 0. 05) ，when XCT-790 intervened MG63 cells． ( 2) Compared with silence DKK1，Sost，and DKK1 + Sost group，the increased expression levels of OPG，CTGF， FGF2 were impaired ( P ＜ 0. 05) and the decreased expression level of TNFα increased ( P ＜ 0. 05) in XCT-790 dispose silence DKK1，Sost，and DKK1 + Sost groups． Conclusion XCT-790 decreases the expression levels of OPG，CTGF，and FGF2， increases the expression level of TNFα． It also regulates the changed expression levels of OPG，CTGF，FGF2，and TNFα in silencing DKK1，Sost，and DKK1 + Sost MG63 cells． [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]