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Objective: To discuss the effects of 5-aza-2'-deoxycytidine (5-Aza-CdR) on autophagy and apoptosis of the TPC-1 cells in subcutaneous xenograft tumor tissue of the nude mice, and to clarify its mechanism. Methods: Sixteen female BALB/c nude mice were inoculated with human papillary thyroid carcinoma (PTC) TPC-1 cells in the right axilla to establish the xenograft tumor model. After tumor formation, the mice were randomly divided into control group and experiment group (n=8). The nude mice in control group were given an intraperitoneal injection of saline, while the nude mice in experiment group were given the intraperitoneal injection of 5-Aza-CdR, administered once every other day for four weeks. The growth status of xenograft tumor of the mice in both groups was observed, and the mice were sacrificed after the final administration and the tumor weights of the nude mice in two groups were detected. HE staining was used to observe the pathomorphology of xenograft tumor tissue of the nude mice in both groups; immunohistochemistry was used to detect the expression levels of microtubule-associated protein light chain 3 (LC3), B-cell lymphoma 2 (Bcl-2), and Bcl-2-associated X protein (Bax) in xenograft tumor tissue of the nude mice in two groups; real-time fluorescence quantitative PCR (RT-qPCR) and Western blotting methods were used to detect the expression levels of LC3, Beclin-1, Bcl-2, Bax, mitogenactivated protein kinase kinase (MEK), extracellular signal-regulated kinase 1 (ERK1), extracellular signal-regulated kinase 2 (ERK2), phosphorylated EPK1 (p-ERK1), and phosphorylated EPK2 (p-ERK2) mRNA and proteins in xenograft tumor tissue of the nude mice in two groups. Results: Compared with control group, the tumor volume and weight of the nude mice in experiment group were significantly decreased (P<0. 01). The number of cancer cells of the nude mice in control group was high, and the cells were densely arranged, with irregular shapes, clear nuclear staining, large overlapping nuclei, and lobulation, showing significant pathological mitotic figures consistent with PTC pathological characteristics. The number of cancer cells of the nude mice in experiment group showed a significant decresing trend, and the cells were sparse arrangement, nuclear shrinkage, and less distinct nuclei, with a significant increase in connective tissue. Compared with control group, the expression levels of LC3B and Beclin-1 mRNA and proteins in xenograft tumor tissue of the nude mice in experiment group were significantly increased (P<0. 05) and the ratio of and Bax/Bcl-2 was increased (P<0. 05 or P<0. 01), while the expression levels of MEK, ERK1/2, and p-ERK1/2 mRNA and proteins were significantly decreased (P<0. 05 or P<0. 01). Conclusion: 5-Aza-CdR can inhibit the growth of TPC-1 cells in subcutaneous xenograft tumor tissue of the nude mice, induce the autophagy, and promote the apoptosis of the tumor cells. The mechanism may be related to the inhibition of the mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) /MEK/ extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK) signaling pathways. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of China Brewing is the property of China Brewing Editorial Office and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Tianjin Medical Journal is the property of Tianjin Medical Journal and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Acta Agronomica Sinica is the property of Crop Science Society of China and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Wool Textile Journal is the property of National Wool Textile Science & Technology Information Center and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Journal of Beijing University of Civil Engineering & Architecture is the property of Journal of Beijing University of Civil Engineering & Architecture Editorial Office and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Tianjin Medical Journal is the property of Tianjin Medical Journal and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Objective To compare the efficacy and safety of large volume ligation device and tissue glue injection in the treatment of GOV gastric varicose veins, and to provide reference for the treatment of GOV gastric varicose veins. Methods A total of 150 patients with GOV type gastric varicose veins were prospectively included. Patients were divided into the endoscopic varicose vein ligation (EBL) group (78 cases) and the endoscopic varicose vein embolization (EVO) group (72 cases) according to their condition and willingness. In EBL group, GOV type gastric varices were treated by endoscopic ligation with a large volume ligation device. The EVO group was treated with tissue glue combined with cinnamyl alcohol injection. All patients were re-examined with gastroscopy 2-3 weeks after the first operation to observe whether varicose veins were residual and bleeding (if so, treatment should be repeated at this follow-up visit). Gastroscopy was performed at 1, 3 and 6 months after surgery to evaluate the main outcome measures after endoscopic treatment, including success rate of varicose vein hemostasis, technical success rate, eradication rate, recurrence rate and related complications (secondary indicators): endoscopy-related bleeding, fever, sepsis and distant embolization. Results There were no significant differences in technical success rate, hemostasis success rate, average treatment times and 6-month eradication rate of gastric varices between the EBL group and the EVO group. The recurrence rate was higher in the EVO group than that of EBL group (P＜0.05). The endoscopy-related bleeding rate and fever rate were lower in the EBL group than those in the EVO group (P＜0.05). In the EVO group, 1 patient developed pulmonary embolism after injection and 3 patients developed septicemia. Conclusion The short-term efficacy of high volume ligation device is similar to that of endoscopic injection of tissue glue in eradicating GOV gastric varices, but the former is safer than the latter. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Chinese Journal of Applied Ecology / Yingyong Shengtai Xuebao is the property of Chinese Journal of Applied Ecology and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Journal of International Obstetrics & Gynecology is the property of TianJin Medical Information Center and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Natural Gas Geoscience is the property of Natural Gas Geoscience and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

To elucidate the deformation characteristics during excavation of high rock slopes with oblique intersecting faults and the subsequent time-dependent behaviour after slope treatment, the comprehensive case study on a high rock slope with faults in the southern Shaanxi was conducted. The on-site surveys, numerical simulations, and multi-point displacement monitoring methods were employed to analyze the failure mechanisms inherent to high rock slopes with oblique intersecting faults, the primary disaster-inducing factors associated with these slopes were summarized, and the deformation characteristics during excavation process were analyzed, and the effectiveness of remedial measures for mitigating issues in high rock slopes with oblique intersecting faults was discussed. The results show that the study area has steep terrain and is influenced by faults and excavation at the foot of the slope, exhibiting typical overhanging terrain features, and geological structure affects the degree of exposed rock breakage and joint development. Numerical simulation demonstrates the feasibility of using an "anchor cable reinforces the upper slope + brushing the middle slope + anchor cable and anti-slide pile reinforces the slope foot" plan for high rock slopes with oblique intersecting faults. Combined with on-site surveys and monitoring data, it is evident that the slope stabilization treatment has a significant effect. The soil erosion effect at the fault site is substantial, and heavy rainfall has initiated a collapse issue on the platform near back edge fault of high rock slope. However, by implementing drainage measures near the fault and the base of the slope, the slope disaster are effectively mitigated while overall deformation rates are effectively contained. The research results have important reference value for the treatment of high rock slopes with oblique intersecting faults and the analysis of their failure mechanisms [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Journal of Guangxi Normal University - Natural Science Edition is the property of Gai Kan Bian Wei Hui and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Journal of Agricultural Science & Technology (1008-0864) is the property of Journal of Agricultural Science & Technology and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Acta Agronomica Sinica is the property of Crop Science Society of China and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Journal of Chinese Institute of Food Science & Technology is the property of Journal of Chinese Institute of Food Science & Technology Periodical Office and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Journal of Donghua University (Natural Science Edition) is the property of Journal of Donghua University (Natural Science) Editorial Office and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Earthquake (1000-3274) is the property of Editorial Office of Earthquake Journal and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Bulletin of Soil & Water Conservation is the property of Bulletin of Soil & Water Conservation Editorial Office and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Acta Materiae Compositae Sinica is the property of Acta Materiea Compositae Sinica Editorial Department and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of University Chemistry is the property of Peking University, College of Chemistry & Molecular Engineering and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering is the property of Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Journal of Guangxi Normal University - Natural Science Edition is the property of Gai Kan Bian Wei Hui and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Journal of Hydrobiology is the property of Editorial Department of Journal of Hydrobiology and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Chinese Journal of Explosives & Propellants is the property of Chinese Journal of Explosives & Propellants Editorial Office and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Journal of International Obstetrics & Gynecology is the property of TianJin Medical Information Center and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Cotton Textile Technology is the property of Cotton Textile Technology Editorial Office and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Journal of Anhui Agricultural Sciences is the property of Journal of Anhui Agricultural Sciences Editorial Office and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Journal of Anhui Agricultural Sciences is the property of Journal of Anhui Agricultural Sciences Editorial Office and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of China Brewing is the property of China Brewing Editorial Office and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Modern Food Science & Technology is the property of Editorial Office of Modern Food Science & Technology and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Objective To construct a prediction model based on early viscoelastic coagulation function and analyze its predictive value for coagulation dysfunction in heat stroke patients. Methods A total of 100 heat stroke patients treated from June 2017 to October 2020 were included in this study. Early viscoelastic coagulation function indicators were collected upon admission, and the occurrence of coagulation dysfunction was recorded. Multivariate logistic regression analysis was used to analyze the correlation between early viscoelastic coagulation function indicators and the occurrence of coagulation dysfunction. Receiver operating characteristic curves (ROC) were drawn to evaluate the efficacy of the prediction model in predicting the occurrence of coagulation dysfunction in heat stroke patients. Results Among the 100 heat stroke patients, 33 patients had occurrence of coagulation dysfunction. The patients with coagulation dysfunction had higher levels of C-reactive protein (CRP), prothrombin time (PT), platelet count, clot rate (CR), and platelet factor (PF), as well as lower levels of activated clotting time (ACT) and fibrinogen (FI), compared to the patients without coagulation dysfunction (all indicators, P < 0.05). Multivariate logistic regression analysis showed that elevated CRP (OR = 1.616), CR (OR = 1.240), and PF (OR = 2.132) were risk factors for coagulation dysfunction in heat stroke patients (P < 0.05), while elevated ACT (OR = 0.885) was a protective factor (P < 0.05). ROC curve analysis showed that the AUC of the prediction model established with CRP, ACT, CR, and PF was 0.929 for predicting coagulation dysfunction in heat stroke patients, with a sensitivity of 83.41% and a specificity of 79.22%. Conclusions Elevated levels of ACT, CR, and PF at early stages were influencing factors for the occurrence of coagulation dysfunction in heat stroke patients. Early viscoelastic coagulation function indicators could be used for early prediction of coagulation dysfunction in heat stroke patients. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Biotechnology Bulletin is the property of Biotechnology Bulletin Editorial Office and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Food Research & Development is the property of Food Research & Development Editorial Department and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

临床麻醉工作中， 术中神经监测技术的应用和神经肌肉疾病患者的麻醉使得肌肉松弛 （肌松） 药的使用受限，而无肌松麻醉成为临床麻醉方式的新挑战。瑞芬太尼是具有超短效药代动力 学和药效学的阿片类镇痛药物，其呼吸抑制的不良反应可为无肌松麻醉气管插管和麻醉维持提供有利 条件。与其他阿片类药物比较，瑞芬太尼具有起效迅速、快速清除和持续静脉输注无明显蓄积的特 点，并可基本满足无肌松全身麻醉诱导的气管插管条件。瑞芬太尼和丙泊酚的药代动力学模式互补， 能协同消除麻醉对机体的伤害性刺激，维持稳定的通气状态和血流动力学，满足手术条件，在停药后 患者苏醒迅速，可避免肌松药残余作用导致呼吸恢复延迟和术后肺部并发症的发生，是实现无肌松麻 醉的优选组合。现综合分析瑞芬太尼复合丙泊酚在不同手术需求和不同年龄患者中的应用效果，为无 肌松全身麻醉诱导及维持提供依据。 [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The urban thermal environment problem, represented by the urban heat island effect, has recently attracted increasing attention. However, planning practitioners lack a method to fine-tune the control and management of urban thermal environments. An accurate, rapid, and quantitative urban heat island intensity (UHII) assessment tool is required that is fully integrated into the early planning process. Commonly used remote sensing and computational fluid dynamics methods have temporal and spatial limitations in the rapid and accurate quantitative evaluation and optimization of the urban thermal environment at the early stages of planning. In contrast, simplified numerical simulation methods are better choices considering computational cost and efficiency. In this study, the association between planning control elements and the urban thermal environment was determined, and the spatiotemporal differentiation characteristics of the UHII in the central area of Guangzhou were quantitatively analyzed based on the Local Climate Zone (LCZ) classification system. UHIIs are distinct from LCZs, and the open LCZ types (LCZ 4, LCZ 5, LCZ 8) have a lower average daily UHII of 0.41 °C than the compact LCZ types (LCZ 1, LCZ2, LCZ 3). The UHIIs were affected at different levels by adjusting the urban morphological parameters. The applicability of the simplified numerical simulation method Urban Weather Generator (UWG) was validated by comparing it with the measured data in the central area of Guangzhou. The results showed that the accuracy of the method was good (R2= 0.956, RMSE = 1.10 ℃, MBE = −0.28 ℃), the calculation speed was fast, the daily cycle variation of air temperature in the study area was roughly reflected, and the UWG model was suitable for fine-grained prediction with UHII. Eleven parameters related to the planning control elements were selected for global sensitivity analysis, and the average building density and average building height related to environmental capacity and building construction were observed to be the dominant factors of UHII. Building function and occupancy were secondary factors, whereas urban design guiding elements had less influence on UHII. Hence, combining the LCZ and UWG models not only simplifies the workflow of urban practitioners while analyzing and optimizing the urban thermal environment but also broadens the potential for analyzing the thermal environment in the early planning stage. In evaluating the planning design and implementation of operations and management, the pioneering role of planning control elements in regulating the urban heat environment must be fully considered. With proper planning of land use, environmental capacity, building construction, and guiding urban design, the UHII can effectively mitigate and optimize the urban thermal environment. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Acta Agronomica Sinica is the property of Crop Science Society of China and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Shipin Kexue/ Food Science is the property of Food Science Editorial Department and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Polymer Materials Science & Engineering is the property of Sichuan University, Polymer Research Institute and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Plastics Science & Technology / Suliao Ke-Ji is the property of Plastics Science & Technology Editorial Office and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Journal of Tea Science is the property of Journal of Tea Science Editorial Office and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

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Copyright of Journal of Shanxi Agricultural Sciences is the property of Shanxi Academy of Agricultural Sciences and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)