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All rights reserved. The right to publish this book belongs to ICETEM 2019. No part of this publication may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system, or transmitted in any form or by any means, electronic, mechanical, photocopying, recording or otherwise, without permission. This Proceeding Book has been published as an electronic publication (e-book). Citation can not be shown without the source, reproduced in any way without permission. Authors are responsible for not only scientific contents but also format of their papers. icetem@ohu.edu.tr The individual contributions in this publication and any liabilities arising from them remain the responsibility of the authors. The publisher is not responsible for possible damages, which could be a result of content derived from this publication. Yılmaz Şimşek (Governor of Niğde) Prof. Dr. Muhsin KAR (Rector of Niğde Ömer Halisdemir University) Prof. Dr. Kutsi Savaş ERDURAN (Dean of Engineering Faculty of Niğde Ömer Halisdemir University) CO-CHAIRS OF CONFERENCE (Niğde Ömer Halisdemir University) Prof. Dr. Fehiman ÇİNER Prof. Dr. Neslihan DOĞAN-SAĞLAMTİMUR, We have the pleasure of sharing state-of-the-art knowledge, science and technology with you in the "1st International Conference on Environment, Technology and Management (ICETEM)” organized by Environmental Engineering Department of Niğde Ömer Halisdemir University between 27-29 June 2019 in Niğde (one of the cities of Cappodoccia), Turkey. This conference provided not only the opportunity to bring experts from all around the World and different disciplines and but also the ideal academic platform for researchers to present the latest research findings. We believe this interaction is a unique platform to come together to discuss critically recent researches and to intensify new collaborations and scientific research in environment, technology and management issues that are intertwined with time. 56 universities and institutions from 13 different countries of the World and Turkey participated in this conference. Scientific papers were presented in Turkish or English. This international conference developed new collaborations and meeting of experts and scientists on the fundamentals, applications, and products of the environment, technology and management fields, during three days. On Behalf of Organizing Committee Prof. Dr. Fehiman ÇİNER & Prof. Dr. Neslihan DOĞAN-SAĞLAMTİMUR Co-Chairs of the ICETEM, T.C. Niğde Valiliği, Niğde Belediyesi, Niğde Ticaret ve Sanayi Odası, Niğde Esnaf ve Sanatkarlar Odası Birliği, Epa-Çevre, Gümüştaş Madencilik ve Ticaret A.Ş., Ekosistem Çevre Analiz Laboratuvarı, AK-TEL Mühendislik, Niğde Gazozu, TEKTEN Ajans Matbaa

All rights reserved. The right to publish this book belongs to KAPSOSBİL 2019. No part of this publication may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system, or transmitted in any form or by any means, electronic, mechanical, photocopying, recording or otherwise, without permission. This Proceeding Book has been published as an electronic publication (e-book). Citation can not be shown without the source, reproduced in any way without permission. Authors are responsible for not only scientific contents but also format of their papers. The individual contributions in this publication and any liabilities arising from them remain the responsibility of the authors. The publisher is not responsible for possible damages, which could be a result of content derived from this publication. Kongre Onursal Başkanları Prof. Dr. Muhsin KAR (Niğde Ömer Halisdemir Üniversitesi Rektörü) Prof. Dr. Mazhar BAĞLI (Nevşehir Hacı Bektaş Veli Üniversitesi Rektörü) Prof. Dr. Vatan KARAKAYA (Kırşehir Ahi Evran Üniversitesi Rektörü) Prof. Dr. Yusuf ŞAHİN (Aksaray Üniversitesi Rektörü) Kongre Düzenleme Kurulu Doç. Dr. Emin Hüseyin ÇETENAK (Niğde Ömer Halisdemir Üniversitesi) Doç. Dr. Hüseyin ŞİMŞEK (Kırşehir Ahi Evran Üniversitesi) Doç. Dr. Sevilay USLU DİVANOĞLU (Aksaray Üniversitesi) Doç. Dr. Vedat AKTEPE (Nevşehir Hacı Bektaş Veli Üniversitesi), PREFACE Dear Students and Colleagues, Nigde Omer Halisdemir University Social Sciences Institute held the first International Cappadocia Social Sciences Student Congress between 7-9 November 2019. The first congress organized at Nigde Omer Halisdemir University this year in cooperation with Aksaray University, Kirsehir Ahi Evran University, and Nevsehir Haci Bektas Veli University. The aim of our first congress was to bring our students together in the field of social sciences, to mediate the sharing of experience, to prepare the subjects related to their fields of study in front of the students who participated in different universities under the moderation of experts and thus prepare them for academic life. There were 200 undergarduate and graduate students to our Congress from around 50 differrent universities in Turkey and nine different countries. Scientific papers are presented by students. The international congress helped graduate students to improve their thesis and developed new collaboration between students and academicians. On behalf of Organizing Comittee Associate Professor Dr. Emin Hüseyin ÇETENAK, 3K Kitap-Kırtasiye-Kopyalama Niğde Ömer Halisdemir Üniversitesi Kampüs Çarşı Tel: 0 388-225-21-01

All rights reserved. The right to publish this book belongs to KAPSOSBİL 2019. No part of this publication may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system, or transmitted in any form or by any means, electronic, mechanical, photocopying, recording or otherwise, without permission. This Proceeding Book has been published as an electronic publication (e-book). Citation can not be shown without the source, reproduced in any way without permission. Authors are responsible for not only scientific contents but also format of their papers. The individual contributions in this publication and any liabilities arising from them remain the responsibility of the authors. The publisher is not responsible for possible damages, which could be a result of content derived from this publication. Kongre Onursal Başkanları Prof. Dr. Muhsin KAR (Niğde Ömer Halisdemir Üniversitesi Rektörü) Prof. Dr. Mazhar BAĞLI (Nevşehir Hacı Bektaş Veli Üniversitesi Rektörü) Prof. Dr. Vatan KARAKAYA (Kırşehir Ahi Evran Üniversitesi Rektörü) Prof. Dr. Yusuf ŞAHİN (Aksaray Üniversitesi Rektörü) Kongre Düzenleme Kurulu Doç. Dr. Emin Hüseyin ÇETENAK (Niğde Ömer Halisdemir Üniversitesi) Doç. Dr. Hüseyin ŞİMŞEK (Kırşehir Ahi Evran Üniversitesi) Doç. Dr. Sevilay USLU DİVANOĞLU (Aksaray Üniversitesi) Doç. Dr. Vedat AKTEPE (Nevşehir Hacı Bektaş Veli Üniversitesi), Dear Students and Colleagues, Nigde Omer Halisdemir University Social Sciences Institute held the first International Cappadocia Social Sciences Student Congress between 7-9 November 2019. The first congress organized at Nigde Omer Halisdemir University this year in cooperation with Aksaray University, Kirsehir Ahi Evran University, and Nevsehir Haci Bektas Veli University. The aim of our first congress was to bring our students together in the field of social sciences, to mediate the sharing of experience, to prepare the subjects related to their fields of study in front of the students who participated in different universities under the moderation of experts and thus prepare them for academic life. There were 200 undergarduate and graduate students to our Congress from around 50 differrent universities in Turkey and nine different countries. Scientific papers are presented by students. The international congress helped graduate students to improve their thesis and developed new collaboration between students and academicians. On behalf of Organizing Comittee Associate Professor Dr. Emin Hüseyin ÇETENAK, 3K Kitap-Kırtasiye-Kopyalama Niğde Ömer Halisdemir Üniversitesi Kampüs Çarşı Tel: 0 388-225-21-01

Uluslararası Türk Dünyası Fen ve Mühendislik Kongresi Özet Kitabı, The congress covers all areas related to engineering and natural sciences. I am very pleased that topics presented in the conference covers a very wide area in this meaning. Needless to say, hosting such an important and timely academic event gave us great pleasure but at the same time put on our shoulders an enormous task of making your stay enjoyable and fruitful. We all know the importance of developments in science and technology in the welfare of the societies. Investing in education, in particular, science and technology is a very vital for the future of every country. We, as the Turkic and Islamic World, had made important contribution to the scientific advances in the past. Research on the history of science reveals that incredible scientific advances were made in both the Muslim and Turkic worlds during the dark ages of medieval Europe. Geniuses in Otrar (Farab), Samarkand, Baghdad, Cairo, Damascus and Cordoba took on the scholarly works of ancient Egypt, Mesopotamia, Persia, Greece, India and China and contributed to the accumulation of knowledge for a long time. These efforts led the emergence of new disciplines like algebra, trigonometry and chemistry as well as major advances in medicine, astronomy, engineering and agriculture. Renaissance benefited from these scientific advancements that include the contribution of humankind to the accumulation of knowledge over the centuries from different civilizations. As far as the medieval scientists of the Muslim world is concerned, they articulated so brilliantly that science is universal and it is the common language of the human race. However, for a long time, we, as the Muslim and Turkic World, have been following the scientific advances developed mainly in the West rather than leading..., TİKA - Turkish Cooperation and Coordination Agency, Niğde City Organized Industrial Zone, Municipality of Niğde, Municipality of Bor, Agrobest Group Agrochemicals Seed Imp. Exp. Industry and Trade Corp., Ramada by Wyndham Nigde Hotel

Türk Dünyasında Bilim ve Teknolojide Yeni Ufuklar (New Horizons in Science and Technology in the Turkic World), We, as the Turkic and Islamic World, had made important contribution to the scientific advances in the past. Research on the history of science reveals that incredible scientific advances were made in both the Muslim and Turkic worlds during the dark ages of medieval Europe. Geniuses in Otrar (Farab), Samarkand, Baghdad, Cairo, Damascus and Cordoba took on the scholarly works of ancient Egypt, Mesopotamia, Persia, Greece, India and China and contributed to the accumulation of knowledge for a long time. These efforts led the emergence of new disciplines like algebra, trigonometry and chemistry as well as major advances in medicine, astronomy, engineering and agriculture. Renaissance benefited from these scientific advancements that include the contribution of humankind to the accumulation of knowledge over the centuries from different civilizations. As far as the medieval scientists of the Muslim world is concerned, they articulated so brilliantly that science is universal and it is the common language of the human race. However, for a long time, we, as the Muslim and Turkic World, have been following the scientific advances developed mainly in the West rather than leading. There might be the practical and conceptual challenges of science and technology pressing for Muslim..., TİKA - Turkish Cooperation and Coordination Agency, Niğde City Organized Industrial Zone, Municipality of Niğde, Municipality of Bor, Agrobest Group Agrochemicals Seed Imp. Exp. Industry and Trade Corp., Ramada by Wyndham Nigde Hotel

Bu doktora çalışmasında, patates siğil hastalığının kalıtımı ve siğil hastalığına dayanıklı genotiplerin seleksiyonunda bazı moleküler markörlerin kullanım olanakları araştırılmıştır. Denemeler siğil hastalığı ile bulaşık tarlalarda 34 patates çeşidi ve 10 farklı melez ailesine ait 1.000 genotiple yürütülmüştür. Dayanıklılığın belirlenmesinde bazı Basit Dizi Tekrarları (SSR) markörlerinin de etkinlikleri araştırılmıştır. İki yıl yürütülen çeşitlerin bulaşık alan tarla denemesinde en düşük bulaşıklık oranları Lindita, Andante ve Van Gogh çeşitlerinde, en yüksek bulaşıklık oranları ise Lady Olympia, Lady Claire ve Folva çeşitlerinde gözlemlenmiştir. Üç yıl yürütülen genotiplerin bulaşık alan tarla denemesinde ise en düşük bulaşık genotip sayısı Van Gogh x Megusta ve Megusta x Lindita melez ailelerinde, en yüksek bulaşık genotip sayısı ise Agria x Granola ve Megusta x Granola melez ailelerinde tespit edilmiştir. STM2030 ve STM3023b SSR markörleri ile çeşit ve genotiplerin hastalık belirtileri arasında ilişki saptanamamıştır. Megusta x Granola melez ailesinden PAİ-12-11-76 ve PAİ-12-11-143 genotipleri patates siğil hastalığına dayanıklı hatlar olarak seçilerek tescil ettirilmek üzere tohumluk çoğaltımına alınmışlardır., The objectives of this dissertation project were to investigate inheritance of potato wart disease and to determine reliability of some molecular markers for resistance genotype selection against the wart disease. The experiments were conducted at wart infected fields with 34 potato varieties and 1.000 genotypes from 10 different crossing family. Two SSR markers were used to determine efficacy of molecular marker for resistance determination. According to two years infected field trial results Lindita, Andante and Van Gogh varieties were found the most resistance varieties in spite of that Lady Olympia, Lady Claire and Folva varieties were found the most susceptible varieties. The lowest infection ratios were determined at Van Gogh x Megusta and Megusta x Lindita families whereas the highest infection ratios were determined at Agria x Granola and Megusta x Granola families. There was not found any significant relationship between STM2030 and STM3023b SSR markers with disease infection symptom. At the end of three years infected field trials, PAĐ-12-11-76 and PAĐ-12-11- 143 genotypes from Megusta x Granola family were selected as wart resistant breeding lines, and their seed multiplication have been started.

In this study, it was carried out the development of a poly(ethylene glycol)/cellulose phase change reactive composite as latent heat storage material for cooling application and determination of its thermal stability. Poly(ethylene glycol) (PEG) was grafted onto a cellulose backbone as solid–solid phase change material. The change in the surface morphology of the PEG1000 was studied by using a polarised optical microscopy (POM) instrument. Thermal analysis and thermal stability upon usage of the phase change composite material were performed by using a differential scanning calorimeter (DSC) instrument. The chemical analysis of the PCM composite was carried out by using a fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) instrument. Phase change composite melted and crystallized 10 times to determine the thermal stability. The PEG1000 grafted cellulose phase change composite before 10 times thermal cycling absorbed 78.6 J/g of heat at 7.7 °C and released 74.4 J/g at - 5.4 °C whereas the PEG1000 grafted cellulose phase change composite after 10 times thermal cycling absorbed 92.7 J/g of heat at 8.3 °C and released 83.2 J/g at 1 °C during melting and freezing respectively. It was observed that Cp of the PEG1000 grafted cellulose sample was decreased compared to Cp of the pristine PEG1000. There was a considerable difference between crystal structures of pristine PEG1000 and PEG1000 grafted cellulose phase change composite. The disappearance of diisocyanate peak of TDI observed at 2228.34 cm -1 in PEG1000 grafted cellulose sample before and after 10 times thermal cycling was accepted as the evidence of polyurethane formation. As a result, PEG1000 grafted cellulose phase change composite was found as a potential thermal energy storage material for cooling application in relevant systems. © 2018, This work was supported by Research Fund of the Hakkari University . Project Number: FM2017BAP2 . The experimental work of this study was carried out in Polymer Research Laboratory at Chemistry Department of Tokat Gaziosmanpaşa University. The authors would like to thank Dr. Derya KAHRAMAN DÖĞÜŞCÜ for her expert assistance in experimental studies.

Fiber takviyeli kompozitler, ağırlıklarına oranla yüksek mukavemet ve rijitlikleri nedeniyle uzay ve otomotiv yapısal parçalarında yaygın olarak kullanılmaktadır. Delaminasyon, bu kompozitlerde görülen en yaygın ve kritik hasar modudur. Bu kompozitlerin delaminasyon direncini arttırmak amacıyla, nanokatkılar ile epoksi toklaştırması, dikişleme, z-pimler ve arayüzeyde mikro/nanofiber kullanılması gibi pek çok sayıda teknik geliştirilmiştir. Bu çalışmada, poliamid 6/6 (PA 66) mikrofiberler ile toklaştırılmış karbon fiber/epoksi kompozitlerin Mode-I delaminasyon direnci Weibull dağılımı kullanılarak istatiksel olarak analiz edilmiştir. Test verilerinin istatiksel olarak değerlendirilmesi sonucunda PA 66 mikrofiberlerin kullanılmasının %90 güven seviyesinde kırılma tokluğunu yaklaşık %445 mertebesinde arttırdığı gözlemlenmiştir., Fiber reinforced composites are being extensively used in many applications such as aerospace and automotive structural components due to their specific strength and stiffness. Delamination is the most common and critical failure mode observed in these composites. Many different methods such as epoxy toughening by nanofillers, stitching, z-pinning and micro/nanofiber interleaving have been developed to improve their delamination resistance. In this study, the Mode-I delamination resistance of carbon fiber/epoxy composites toughened by polyamide 6/6 (PA 66) microfibers has been statistically analyzed using Weibull distribution. The statistical analyses of the test data showed that the use of PA 66 microfibers could improve Mode-I fracture toughness by as much as 445% at a 90% confidence level.

Siyasi partiler, demokratik yönetimleri önemli kurumlardan biridir. Ürettikleri politika, plan ve projeler ile her alanda olduğu gibi turizm sektörünün mevcut ve gelecekteki durumu açısından da önemli bir konuma sahiptir. Bu çalışmada Türkiye'de 2015 yılında gerçekleştirilen genel seçimlere katılan 20 siyasi partiden %10 barajını geçerek mecliste temsil hakkı elde etmiş dört siyasi partinin seçim beyannamesi incelenmiş ve turizm konusunda, partilerce verilen vaatler ve önerilen politikalar belirlenmeye çalışılmıştır. İncelemeye göre, partilerin turizm bağlamında üzerinde durdukları ana konular; ekonomik kalkınmanın sağlanması, eğitim ve hizmet kalitesinin yükseltilmesi, alternatif turizm çeşitlerinin ve özellikle sağlık turizminin geliştirilmesi, turizmin bölgelerinin ekolojik sürdürülebilirliğinin sağlanması olmuştur, Political parties are indispensable elements of democratic systems. In addition to their functions of interest articulation and aggregation, they play a key role in the preparation of policies for different sectors, including tourism. This work analyzes electoral programs of the four parties that passed the 10% national threshold in the two Turkish elections, which took place in 2015 and reveals their promises and policy suggestions. The analysis suggest that the major Turkish political parties promise to sustain economic development, improve education and service standards, diversify alternative tourism products and maintain ecological sustainability in touristic regions

WOS: 000407714200003, The science laboratory course is one of the important courses that preservice science students take in their science education programs. The purpose of this study is to investigate the impact of an action research based on the POE (predict-observe-explain) strategy on preservice science teachers' understanding of enzymes. The participants of the study consisted of 80 sophomore preservice science teachers who enrolled in a science teaching laboratory course at a public university in Turkey. The data were obtained through the POE forms. The findings showed that the use of POE activities promoted significantly students' understanding of enzymes. It was also found that although preservice science students indicated that activities based on the POE approach took more time compared to other instructional strategies, they emphasized that the POE activities were enjoyable compared to other instructional strategies. Based on the results obtained from this study, it is suggested that using the POE method in the science laboratory courses will contribute to preservice science teachers' understanding of science topics.

Bu çalışmada, hasat öncesi uygulanan naftalen asetik asit (NAA) ve aminoetoksivinilglisin (AVG) uygulamalarının, Braeburn elmasının meyve kalitesi ve hasat önü dökümü üzerine etkileri incelenmiştir. Deneme ağaçları, tahmini hasattan 4 hafta önce 20 mg L-1 NAA ve 150, 225 ve 300 mg L-1 olmak üzere 3 (üç) farklı miktarda AVG konsantrasyonu ile muamele edilmiştir. Elde edilen sonuçlar kontrol ile karşılaştırıldığında, NAA ve AVG uygulamalarının hasat önü dökümünü önemli miktarda azalttığı ortaya konmuştur. Meyve renk gelişimi, AVG uygulamaları ile önemli derecede geciktirilmiştir. 225 ve 300 mg L-1 AVG uygulama konsantrasyonlarının 1, 8 ve 15 Ekim tarihlerinde yapılan hasatta meyve ağırlığını önemli derecede azalttığı tespit edilmiştir. AVG uygulamaları meyve eti sertliğinin korunmasında daha etkili olmuştur. Fakat NAA uygulaması tahmini hasat tarihinde hem meyve eti sertliğini, hem de kopma direncini önemli derecede azaltmıştır. AVG uygulamaları nişasta parçalanmasını önemli derecede geciktirmiş ve suda çözünür kuru madde miktarını azaltmıştır. AVG’nin 225 ve 300 mg L-1 konsantrasyonu ile muamele olmuş meyveler 1, 8 ve 15 Ekim tarihinde kontrol ve NAA uygulamalarından daha yüksek titre edilebilir asitlik içeriğine sahip olduğu tespit edilmiştir. In this study, effects of pre-harvest applied aminoethoxyvinylglycine (AVG) and napthaleneacetic acid (NAA) treatments on the pre-harvest drop and fruit quality of ‘Braeburn’ apple were investigated. Experimental trees were treated with three different concentrations (150, 225 and 300 mg L-1) of AVG and 20 mg L-1 NAA 4 weeks before anticipated harvest date. Results which were obtained revealed that NAA and AVG treatments significantly decreased pre-harvest drops compared to control treatment. AVG treatments significantly delayed peel color development. The fruit weight was significantly reduced by 225 and 300 mg L-1 AVG concentration at 1, 8 and 15 October harvest date. AVG treatments were more effective in retaining of flesh firmness. But NAA treatment significantly reduced both flesh firmness and fruit removal force at anticipated harvest. AVG treatments significantly delayed starch degradation, and reduced soluble solids content. 225 and 300 mg L-1 AVG-treated fruits exhibited higher titratable acidity than control and NAA on 1, 8 and 15 October.

WOS: 000604544800006 The present study examined whether risky behaviors, gaming addiction, and family sense of coherence classify female and male university students correctly. For this purpose, Logistic Regression Analysis (LRA) was used. The main purpose of LRA is to estimate which group the individual is a member of. LRA is widely used to predict categorical data (i.e., male and female, addicted and non-addicted, single and married). The present study comprised 281 university students (148 females and 133 males) who had been playing digital videogames for at least six months. The measures used included the Risk Behaviors Scale, Digital Game Addiction Scale, and Family Sense of Coherence Scale-Short Form. Analysis demonstrated that risky behavior, gaming addiction, and family sense of coherence predicted gender with 76.5% accuracy. In other words, risky behaviors, gaming addiction, and family sense of coherence scores can predict a high probability that an individual is male or female. More specifically, risky behaviors (school dropout, antisocial behaviors, alcohol use, smoking, and eating habits) and gaming addiction contributed significantly to the classification of an individual being male or female. The biggest contribution in the classification of gender was digital gaming addiction. Family sense of coherence and risky behaviors such as substance use and suicide tendency did not contribute significantly to gender classification. The present study provided important resulted in terms of demonstrating risk factors related to gender.

The LHCb Collaboration recently reported the observation of a new excited bottom baryon $\Xi_b(6227)^0$ and announced an improvement in the measurements related to the previously observed $\Xi_b(6227)^-$ state. We conduct an analysis for $\Xi_b(6227)^0$ state considering it as isospin partner of the $\Xi_b(6227)^-$ resonance and possibly $1P$ or $2S$ excited state with spin $J=\frac{3}{2}$. The corresponding masses for both possibilities have consistent results with the experimental data, indicating that only with the mass sum rules, one can not make exact decision on the nature and quantum numbers of this state. To go further, the decays of these possible excited states to $\Xi_b^- \pi^+$ final state are also considered and the relevant strong coupling constants are extracted from the light cone sum rules. The obtained decay width values support the possibility of $\Xi_b(6227)^0$ to be the $1P$ excited state of $\Xi_b(5945)^0$ baryon., Comment: 13 Pages, 2 Figures and 1 Table

PurposeThe paper aims to analyze the relationships between ethical leadership (EL), job satisfaction (JS), affective commitment (AC) and turnover intention (TI) that might make accountants quit withdrawal and become productive and useful in private organizations operating in Istanbul.Design/methodology/approachData were collected through an online survey using a simple random sampling methodology, obtained from 153 accountants working in companies in Istanbul. The methodology included descriptive statistics, factor analysis, structural equation modeling and mediation analysis.FindingsConcerning direct relationships between EL, JS, AC and TI, EL has significant positive associations with JS and AC, whereas EL has a significant negative association with TI. JS has a significant positive association with AC, whereas JS has a significant negative association with TI. Also, AC has a weak significant negative association with TI. Given indirect relationships among EL, JS, AC and TI, JS and AC mediate the relationship between EL and TI. Finally, a similarity is found when comparing Generation X and Generation Y in terms of overall JS, AC and TI.Research limitations/implicationsThe study is limited solely to companies functioning in Istanbul and incorporates a low number of respondents. Therefore, the results cannot be considered to be accurate for the whole country. The study might guide both private and public organizations in which owners/managers develop strategic plans.Originality/valueThe study fills the gap in research on organizational behavior where little has existed until now that probes the EL–JS–AC–TI links in Turkey. A few studies measure the TIs of accountants. Furthermore, EL and AC are rarely evaluated in the field of accounting in Turkey.

Shaped charges are unique and very effective warhead technology mostly applied to the rocket propelled grenades (RPGs) along with other applications (e.g. perforation of rocky formations in mining, rock drilling and other geological technics etc.). RPG's armour piercing and perforation performances originate from an explosively induced formation of a stretching metallic jet with very high velocities (hypervelocity). The hydrodynamic penetration mechanism of the stretching quasi-solid metallic jet is extremely complex and has not been fully understood. Both the jet with spout-like form and the target (i.e. RHA armour steel) behave hydrodynamically (i.e. incompressible fluid) and yet both solid strangely. The present study, as part of a large-scale customized R&D project, is stopping the penetration of the stretching jet of a RPG rocket within an "add-on" armour system. A series of experimental detonations and explosion of shaped charge munitions was conducted to elucidate the microstructural evolution and microstructural features of the metallic copper jet. Penetrating metallic spout-like jet forms were stopped and apprehended/caught within the inner layers of highly succesful composite based "add-on" armour designs. Structural evolution and microstructural analysis of the penetrating metallic jet were investigated to understand this extraordinary "solid-but behaving like fluid (quasi-solid)" metallic copper jet material. The findings obtained in this study suggest that the effective way of stopping the lethal effects of this weapon could be managed by diverting and/or twisting its linear stretching and penetration pathway. State Planning Organization of Turkish Republic Authors would like to thank to the State Planning Organization of Turkish Republic for the support of the Project. Authors would like to thank to the Tetra for their support for the SEM microstructural analysis and EDS studies. Authors would also thank to the researchers and technicians of the Materials Institute of TUBITAK Marmara Research Center for their support and work during the detonation-explosion experiments.

PubMed: 33444488 BACKGROUND: Root canal disinfection includes mechanical, chemical and biological struggle against microorganisms (MOs). Photodynamic therapy (PDT) and nanoparticle (NP) agents may be proposed as an alternative for use against intracanal infections due to their ability to disrupt biofilm and prevent bacterial adhesion to dentin. The use of NP agents in combination with light/photosensitizer (PS) agents increases the efficiency of PDT in root canal disinfection. OBJECTIVES: The aim of the study was to evaluate the effect of light application - PDT - on the antibacterial activity of the combination of a PS agent (toluidine blue O -TBO) and an NP agent (silver nanoparticles - AgNPs) for the disinfection of the root canals inoculated with Enterococcus faecalis (E. faecalis). MATERIAL AND METHODS: In this study, concentrations of 20 ppm of TBO and 10 ppm of AgNPs, which showed the highest antibacterial activity against E. faecalis in the TBO/AgNPs combination, were used according to the preliminary studies. After instrumentation, 120 human, single-rooted, straight-canal mandibular premolars of a standard length of 13 mm were contaminated with bacteria, and experimental procedures were conducted against 21-day-old mature biofilm. The teeth were randomly divided into 5 main experimental groups: TBO/light; AgNPs; TBO/AgNPs; AgNPs/light; and TBO/AgNPs/light. Then, these main groups were divided into 2 subgroups each, according to the 2 application time periods (30 s and 60 s) (n = 10). The remaining 20 teeth constituted positive and negative control groups. The data was analyzed with the Kolmogorov-Smirnov test, one-way analysis of variance (ANOVA), Tukey's honestly significant difference (HSD) test, and the Bonferroni correction. RESULTS: The NaOCl group provided a bacterial reduction that was higher than in all other groups in a statistically significant manner. Light application on the TBO/AgNPs combination was the group that provided the highest bacterial reduction after NaOCl. CONCLUSIONS: The photoactivation of the TBO/AgNPs combination led to an increase in the effect of PDT, and it has the potential to be used as an adjunct for disinfection of the root canal system.

In this study, guest:host inclusion complexes of silver cyclohexane di carboxylate (Ag-CdC) with β-cyclodextrin wereprepared by kneading and physical mixing techniques, and analyzed via Fourier transformed infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) andthermogravimetric analyser (TGA). The 1:1 and 1:2 stoichiometry of the guest:host were prepared. Obtained FTIR and TGA resultsshowed that formation of silver cyclohexane di carboxylate (Ag-CdC): β-cyclodextrin (β-CD) inclusion complexes occurred at a massratio of both 1:1 and 1:2. Furthermore, these prepared inclusion complexes were doped in poly(vinyl alcohol) nanofibers duringelectrospinning process for obtaining nanowebs. The formation of nanowebs were investigated with scanning electron microscopy(SEM). Besides, FTIR and TGA analysis were also carried out. Results showed that both inclusion complex preparation and inclusioncomplex added PVA nanowebs production were successful., Bu çalışmada, gümüş sikloheksan di karboksilat (Ag-CdC) ile β-siklodekstrin içeren konuk:konak inklüzyon kompleksleriyoğurma ve fiziksel karıştırma teknikleriyle hazırlanmış ve Fourier dönüştürülmüş kızılötesi spektroskopi (FTIR) ve termogravimetrikanalizör (TGA) ile analiz edilmiştir. Konuk:konak, 1:1 ve 1:2 stokiyometri ile hazırlandı. Elde edilen FTIR ve TGA sonuçları, gümüşsikloheksan di karboksilat (Ag-CdC): β-siklodekstrin (β-CD) inklüzyon komplekslerinin oluşumunun hem 1:1 hem de 1:2'lik kütleoranında gerçekleştiğini gösterdi. Ayrıca, hazırlanan bu inklüzyon kompleksleri, nanoweb elde etmek için elektrospinning işlemisırasında poli(vinil alkol) nanofiberlere katılmıştır. Nanoweblerin oluşumu taramalı elektron mikroskobu (SEM) ile araştırıldı. FTIRve TGA analizleri de ayrıca yapıldı. Sonuçlar, hem inklüzyon kompleksi hazırlama hem de inklüzyon kompleksi eklenmiş PVAnanoweb üretiminin başarılı olduğunu gösterdi.

Gunay, Gurkan/0000-0003-0597-1511; GOKASAR, ILGIN/0000-0001-9896-9220 Mode choice of airport ground access has been covered by several studies, but there is a lack of research in the case of airport ground egress; that is, mode choices of inbound passengers for ground trips from the airport to the city center. This study aimed to cover this gap by modeling the ground egress mode choice of passengers, employing mixed logit and comparing it with the multinomial logit model. The data for this research was collected at Istanbul's Sabiha Gokcen International Airport (SAW) in 2015. Analyses included six modes, namely automobile, pick-up, public transit, taxi, shuttle and public transit (SP), and shuttle and taxi (ST). An important outcome was that a mixed logit model with error components outperformed the multinomial logit model. Results showed that significant variables affecting the ground egress mode choice included the income of the passenger, the cost of a ground trip from the airport, auto ownership status, number of luggage and trip purpose. Passengers are less constrained by ground travel time in their airport egress trips than in their airport access trips. By this, a significant finding was that prioritizing egress trip cost over travel time affected the mode choice.

OBJECTIVE To show the effect of potassium citrate treatment on overactive bladder disease in patients with kidney stone and overactive bladder symptoms. STUDY DESIGN Experimental study. PLACE AND DURATION OF STUDY Department of Urology, Alanya Alaaddin Keykubat University and Department of Urology, Suleyman Demirel University, Turkey, from October 2019 to July 2020. METHODOLOGY Patients with an indication for starting potassium citrate therapy because of kidney stone, and patients with symptoms of overactive bladder disease were included in the study. At the beginning of the treatment, the overactive bladder-version 8 form was filled and potassium citrate 10 meq 2x2 dose was started to the patients. The effect of potassium citrate on the symptoms of overactive bladder disease was demonstrated by filling the overactive bladder-version 8 form after one month of treatment. RESULTS A total of 82 people, 36 men and 46 women, participated in the study. Potassium citrate treatment caused a significant increase in urine pH levels (p

Yurdakul, Hilmi/0000-0002-5555-951X; Sener, Ercan/0000-0002-0890-5301 WOS: 000595567000011 In this work, for the first time, we report a novel method on the fracture toughness enhancement of 3 mol % yttria-stabilized tetragonal zirconia polycrystalline (3Y-TZP) ceramics through the incorporation of 8 mol % magnesia-partially stabilized zirconia (8 Mg-PSZ) powders having high fracture toughness. Highly densified composites (x3Y-TZP/y8Mg-PSZ; where x and y vary between 0.25 and 0.75 wt. %) were obtained with a relative density over 99% by pressureless sintering. Relative density, Vickers hardness (HV) and indentation fracture toughness (K-Ic) were significantly improved by sintering temperature and dwell-time increment. Specifically, HV and K-Ic values of 0.5(3Y-TZP)/0.5(8 Mg-PSZ) composite sintered at 1500 degrees C-2h were increased by 7% and 30%, respectively, compared to that of 3Y-TZP. Sintered bodies consisted of c-ZrO2, t-ZrO2 and m-ZrO2 phases without any new phase formation. m-ZrO2/c-ZrO2+t-ZrO2 volumetric phase ratios changed with the increase of sintering temperature and time. Stress-induced t-ZrO2/m-ZrO2 -> m-ZrO2 phase transformation within c-ZrO2 grains in 8 Mg-PSZ was the main mechanism for toughness enhancement. Energy absorbing mechanisms, e.g., crack-bridging, crack-deflection and crack branching were also found to contribute the blunting of cracks. It is thought that our approach presented herein can be considered not only fracture toughness enhancement but also other properties in various materials for functional and structural purposes. (C) 2020 The Authors. Publishing services by Elsevier B.V. on behalf of Vietnam National University, Hanoi. Kutahya Dumlupinar University Advanced Technologies Research Center (DPU-ILTEM) The authors wish to express their sincere gratitude to Professor Dr. Servet Turan and MSc candidate Alparslan Ali Balta (Eskisehir Technical University, Turkey) for allowing the use of SEM laboratory and mechanical test facilities as well as their contributions during the analyses. We would like to also thank the Kutahya Dumlupinar University Advanced Technologies Research Center (DPU-ILTEM) for the UHR-SEM investigations.

Let 𝐴 be a finite group acting by automorphisms on the finite group 𝐺. We introduce the commuting graph Γ ⁢ ( G , A ) \Gamma(G,A) of this action and study some questions related to the structure of 𝐺 under certain graph theoretical conditions on Γ ⁢ ( G , A ) \Gamma(G,A) .

This paper focuses on the reliability analysis of [Formula: see text]-out-of-[Formula: see text] systems which are designed to perform a given mission consisting of several distinct phases. As the phases of the mission change, the reliability characteristics of the system and the system structure vary accordingly. The phase transition probabilities, phase durations, and component failure rates are dependent on the number of operating components. Moreover, the system is allowed to have cold, warm, or hot standby components. We propose computationally tractable methods to compute the system reliability, mean time to failure, and long-run availability for such a general system structure. We also provide a numerical analysis to show the applicability and the empirical computational complexity of the proposed methods.

The aim of this paper is to predict the Borsa Istanbul (BIST) 30 index movements to determine the most accurate buy and sell decisions using the methods of Artificial Neural Networks (ANN) and Genetic Algorithm (GA). We combined these two methods to obtain a hybrid intelligence method, which we apply. In the financial markets, over 100 technical indicators can be used. However, several of them are preferred by analysts. In this study, we employed nine of these technical indicators. They are moving average convergence divergence (MACD), relative strength index (RSI), commodity channel index (CCI), momentum, directional movement index (DMI), stochastic oscillator, on-balance volume (OBV), average directional movement index (ADX), and simple moving averages (3-day moving average, 5-day moving average, 10-day moving average, 14-day moving average, 20-day moving average, 22-day moving average, 50-day moving average, 100-day moving average, 200-day moving average). In this regard, we combined these two techniques and obtained a hybrid intelligence method. By applying this hybrid model to each of these indicators, we forecast the movements of the Borsa Istanbul (BIST) 30 index. The experimental result indicates that our best proposed hybrid model has a successful forecast rate of 75%, which is higher than the single ANN or GA forecasting models.

WOS: 000577378500002 In Turkey, almonds are grown via the following three methods: organic (O), conventional (C) and good agricultural practice (GAP). Almond seeds are mostly consumed as nuts; thus, the researchers have focused different analyses on only seeds. However, in Turkey, unripe green almond hulls are also consumed. Therefore, we studied the contents of some bioactive components, pigments, and malondialdehyde (MDA) and the antimicrobial, antioxidant, and antimutagenic activities of O, C, and GAP 'Ferradual' (Frd) and 'Ferragnes' (Frg) almond hull extracts. The highest total ascorbic acid content was found in O Frd (2.1mg/g fresh weight [FW]) and GAP Frg (2.0mg/g FW). The total phenolic content and total flavonoid content in all the genotypes ranged from 19.2 and 43.9mg/g FW and 3.2 and 20.2mg/g FW, respectively. In general, the antioxidant activity of C Frg and C Frd was low. C Frg had the highest MDA content (8.53 mu mol MDA/g FW), whereas O Frg had the lowest MDA content (0.89 mu mol MDA/g FW). The samples had varying ratios of chlorophyll a and b. The O samples had more total carotenoid content than the C samples. The antibacterial activity was only observed in the O and GAP Frd extracts. The antifungal activity could not be detected in any of the extracts of samples. Varying antimutagenic activity inSalmonella typhimuriumTA 98 strain and content of some phenolics were observed depending on the variety, growing conditions, and dose. Ardahan University Scientific Research Commission [2015/2] We wish to thank the Ardahan University Scientific Research Commission for supporting our study through Project grants no. 2015/2.

ETLI, MUSTAFA/0000-0001-9320-3971; Aslan, Ahmet/0000-0001-5797-1287; Gulcu, Anil/0000-0002-9012-8053 WOS: 000575112600001 PubMed: 33021061 Diabetic foot is challenging progressive disease which requires multisystemic control. Neuropathy, arteriopathy, and cellular responses should treated collaboratively. Despite all medical advances, diabetic foot can highly resulted with amputation and also re-amputation can be required because of failed wound healing. In this study, we aimed to investigate the relation between blood parameters and amputation events. Diabetic 323 patients include to the study who referred to orthopaedic clinic for amputation. Amputation levels (amputation levels phalanx, metatarsal, lisfranc, syme, below knee, knee-disarticulation, above-knee amputation) and re-amputations recorded and compared with routine blood parameters. Re-amputation was observed at 69 patients. The significant difference detected between lower albumin, higher HbA1c, higher CRP levels (P < 0.05) in regards to gross amputation levels, and increased wound depth. Furthermore, lower albumin levels and higher levels of WBC, HbA1c, CRP, and Creatinine were detected in re-amputation levels. Especially, HbA1c, CRP, and Creatinine levels were found as upper bound of reference line for re-amputation. The statistically optimal HbA1c cutoff point for diabetes was >= 7.05%, with a sensitivity of 86% and a specificity of 59%. In according to our results, simple blood parameters can be useful for observing the progress of amputation in diabetic foot. Particularly, lower albumin, and higher HbA1c, CRP, and Creatinine levels detected as related with poor prognosis. Besides, screening of HbA1c level seems to be highly sensitive for detecting of re-amputation possibility.

Background and Study Aim. The aim of this study is to determine the effect of e-sports on physical activity level and body composition. Material and Methods. The athletes who participated in the study were 19.92± 2.21 years of age, 1.73±0.04 m body height and 78.35±6.52 kg body weight. A total of 137 athletes participated in the study, including 27 from Turkey, 47 from South Korea and 63 from the United States (USA). The data was collected by e-mail from the sports clubs. The athletes who representing their country in international competitions involved in the study. The data obtained were evaluated in the SPSS program. Results. According to the findings of the study, the body mass index (BMI) of e-sport athletes is 26.03±1.85, the number of physical activity steps is 6646±3400 and the daily e-sport hours are 9.34±1.12. The BMI was determined as USA 26.12, South Korea 26.02 and Turkey 25.84 respectively. The number of physical activity steps was identified as 5255 steps in the US, 7785 steps in South Korea and 7909 steps in Turkey. The daily e-sports hour is set at US 9.63 hours, Turkey 9.29 hours and South Korea 8.97 hours. In comparison of country-based athletes, there was a significant difference between physical activity level and daily e-sports hours at p, Предпосылки и цель исследования. Цель данного исследования - определить влияние киберспорта на уровень физической активности и композицию тела.Материал и методы. Возраст спортсменов, принимавших участие в исследовании, составлял 19,92 ± 2,21 года, рост составлял 1,73 ± 0,04 м, масса тела - 78,35 ± 6,52 кг. Всего в исследовании приняли участие 137 спортсменов, в том числе 27 из Турции, 47 из Южной Кореи и 63 из США. Данные были получены от спортивных клубов по электронной почте. В исследовании участвовали спортсмены, представляющие свою страну на международных соревнованиях. Полученные данные оценивались в программе SPSS.Результаты. Согласно результатам исследования, индекс массы тела (ИМТ) спортсменов, занимающихся киберспортом, составляет 26,03 ± 1,85, количество шагов физической активности - 6646 ± 3400, а ежедневные часы киберспорта - 9,34 ± 1,12. ИМТ был определен как США 26,12, Южная Корея 26,02 и Турция 25,84 соответственно. Количество шагов физической активности было определено как 5255 шагов в США, 7785 шагов в Южной Корее и 7909 шагов в Турции. Ежедневное время занятий киберспортом установлено на уровне 9,63 часа в США, 9,29 часа в Турции и 8,97 часа в Южной Корее. По сравнению со спортсменами из страны была выявлена ​​значительная разница между уровнем физической активности и дневными часами занятий киберспортом при p, Передумови та мета дослідження. Мета даного дослідження - визначити вплив кіберспорту на рівень фізичної активності і композицію тіла.Матеріал і методи. Вік спортсменів, які брали участь в дослідженні, становив 19,92 ± 2,21 року, зрост становив 1,73 ± 0,04 м, маса тіла - 78,35 ± 6,52 кг. Всього в дослідженні взяли участь 137 спортсменів, в тому числі 27 з Туреччини, 47 з Південної Кореї і 63 з США. Дані були отримані від спортивних клубів по електронній пошті. У дослідженні брали участь спортсмени, що представляють свою країну на міжнародних змаганнях. Отримані дані оцінювалися в програмі SPSS.Результати. Згідно з результатами дослідження, індекс маси тіла (ІМТ) спортсменів, які займаються кіберспортом, становить 26,03 ± 1,85, кількість кроків фізичної активності - 6646 ± 3400, а щоденні заняття кіберспортом - 9,34 ± 1,12 годин. ІМТ був визначений як США 26,12, Південна Корея 26,02 і Туреччина 25,84 відповідно. Кількість кроків фізичної активності було визначено як 5255 кроків в США, 7785 кроків в Південній Кореї і 7909 кроків в Туреччині. Щоденний час занять кіберспортом встановлено на рівні 9,63 години в США, 9,29 години в Туреччині і 8,97 години в Південній Кореї. У порівнянні зі спортсменами з країни була виявлена ​​значна різниця між рівнем фізичної активності та денними годинами занять кіберспортом при p

Yesil, Abdullah/0000-0002-0607-8226 In this paper, two new complementary metal oxide semiconductor (CMOS) realizations for second-generation voltage conveyor (VCII) are presented. The first proposed VCII has a very simple structure employing only six transistors. The second proposed VCII employs 11 transistors, and none of the transistors at both proposed circuits suffer from the body effect. Small-signal analysis, parasitic elements, and input-referred noise of the proposed VCIIs are given. Moreover, a new active element called voltage controlled second-generation voltage conveyor (VC-VCII) is proposed as dual element of current controlled second-generation current conveyor (CCCII) active element. Its parasitic resistance at theYterminal can be controlled electronically. Two presented CMOS structures of VCII are worked as VC-VCII with slight modification. Proposed circuits are simulated in Cadence Analog environment using TSMC 0.18-mu m process parameters with +/- 0.9-V supply voltages. Both CMOS structures occupy a small chip area of 276.8 and 271 mu m(2), respectively. The bandwidth of the current follower stage of the proposed VCIIs is found as 794 MHz, whereas the bandwidth of the voltage follower stage for the first and second proposed VCIIs is found as 2.57 and 1.92 GHz, respectively. As an application example, voltage-mode first-order low-pass filter has been given with its tunable gain by using VC-VCII.

PurposeThe beta coefficient used for the cost of equity calculation is at the heart of the valuation process. This study conducts comparative analyses of the classical capital asset pricing model (CAPM) and downside CAPM risk parameters to gain further insight into which risk parameter leads to better performing risk measures at explaining stock returns.Design/methodology/approachThe study conducts a comparative analysis of 16 risk measures at explaining the stock returns of 4531 companies of 20 developed and 25 emerging market index for 2000–2018. The analyses are conducted using both the global and local indices and both USD and local currency returns. Calculated risk measures are analyzed in a panel data setup using a univariate model. Results are investigated in country-specific and model-specific subsets.FindingsThe results show that (1) downside betas are better than CAPM betas at explaining the stock returns, (2) both risk measure groups perform better for emerging markets, (3) global downside beta model performs better than global beta model, implying the existence of the contagion effect, (4) high significance levels of total risk and unsystematic risk measures further support the shortfall of CAPM betas and (5) higher correlation of markets after negative shocks such as pandemics puts global CAPM based downside beta to a more reliable position.Research limitations/implicationsThe data are limited to the index securities as beta could be time varying.Practical implicationsResults overall provide insight into the cost of equity calculation and emerging market assets valuation.Originality/valueThe framework and methodology enable us to compare and contrast CAPM and downside-CAPM risk measures at the firm level, at the global/local level and in terms of the level of market development.

PubMed: 32954923 Objective Neuropsychological, neuroanatomical, and electrophysiological studies have reported a steady increase in the different attention types until the age of 10 years. Moreover, differences between healthy control (HC) boys and those with attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) become nonsignificant in late childhood. This cross-sectional study aimed to perform a comparative analysis of attentional processing in boys with ADHD and HC in the 6:00-10:11 years age range.Methods:Age-related changes in attentional processing were compared between Caucasian Turkic boys (72-131 months of age) with ADHD (n = 144) and HC (n = 112). Selective, focused, and inhibitory attention were measured using the Stroop Test (5 scores); sustained attention was measured using the Cancellation Test (3 scores); and attention span was measured using the Visual Aural Digit Span Test-Revised (6 scores).Results:At the age of 6 years, the ADHD group had a significantly lower performance for all attention types. By the age of 10 years, there were no significant between-group differences. However, the component structure of the neuropsychological test scores in the ADHD group differed from that in the HC group and previous studies.Conclusions:Attentional processing in boys with ADHD changes within the age-range of 6:00-10:00 years where it finally becomes similar to that in HC boys. This delayed maturation is consistent with the maturational lag model of ADHD. However, there was a between-group difference in the component structure of attentional processing, which is consistent with the maturational deviance model of ADHD. Scientific Research Unit of Hacettepe University as BAB, Turkey [2006K120-640-06-08] The study was partially supported by the State Planning Organization of Turkey and Scientific Research Unit of Hacettepe University as BAB 2006K120-640-06-08, Turkey.

Aim: Intervertebral disc degeneration (IVDD) is caused by several genetic and environmental factors. Aggrecan is the major component of intervertebral disk matrix proteoglycan with multiple functional domains. The aim of this study was to investigate the possible association between ACAN (coding aggrecan) gene variable number tandem repeat (VNTR) polymorphism and susceptibility to IVDD. Methods: Two hundred and sixty subjects participated in this study. The disease group comprised 150 patients diagnosed with symptomatic IVDD. The control group consisted of 110 healthy subjects. The ACAN gene VNTR region was analyzed using the polymerase chain reaction (PCR) method. Results: The most common allele in the patient and the control group was 27 repeat allele (49% and 34.55%, respectively). Allele 26 was more frequent in males compared to females (p=0.030). Allele 21 and 23 were more common in ones living in rural areas (p=0.030) while allele 27 was the most frequent in ones living in urban areas (p

Demirtas, Sibel/0000-0001-7793-9583 WOS: 000556162600003 This study was based on a sequential explanatory mixed method research design in order to build an understanding of the relationships among attachment to parents, hope, perceived school climate and math anxiety in early adolescents by proposing a multiple mediation model. In the quantitative part, a total of 300 secondary school students (55% girls and 44% boys) participated in the study. The mean age of the adolescents was 12.70 years (SD: 0.78). The participants were recruited from five middle schools in Turkey. In the qualitative part, semi-structured interviews were conducted with 10 students. The qualitative data were analyzed by content analysis. The results showed that there was a positive relationship among attachment to parents, hope, and perceived school climate, and all variables negatively correlated with math anxiety. The findings from the mediational analyses also indicated that the serial multiple mediation of hope and perceived school climate in the hypothetical model was statistically significant. Moreover, it was observed that the qualitative findings supported the established relationships among the variables and the mediational analyses.

Candan, Busra/0000-0002-5138-5583; avnioglu, seda/0000-0003-1719-4190 WOS: 000555417100001 PubMed: 32748247 Tinnitus is a symptom in which the patient can hear ringing, buzzing and similar sounds in the ear for 3 months longer. In our study, we aimed to analyse the cerebellum volume and cerebellum connections in patients with chronic tinnitus using VolBrain program. A total number of 10 patients and 10 otherwise healthy peoples records were then enrolled. Volumetric analysis was performed with automated segmentation of the cerebellum and its lobules, using magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). The mean volumes of 10 cerebellar volume were compared between the tinnitus and control groups. Quadrangular lobular portion of the cerebellum, the flocculonodular part and the volume of the central cerebellar lobule were decreased in the tinnitus group. White and grey matter decreased and the amygdala size was increased. We found statistically important volumetric changes in our study. VolBrain can be used in the future for analysing, diagnosis and treatment tinnitus patients. We recommend to use this practical, free of charge and easy programme to analyse for tinnitus patients. This may provide us with practical and useful information about the disease. In patients with tinnitus, the volume loss was 17.48% in the quadrangular lobe, 21% in the central lobule, and 9.33% in the total cerebellum volume.

OBJECTIVE: Newborns in neonatal intensive care units (NICUs) are at high risk for developing nosocomial infections (NIs), which may result in morbidity and mortality. In this study, we aimed to ascertain the bacteriological profiles and their antimicrobial susceptibility patterns in NIs. METHODS: We conducted a cross-sectional study in the NICU. Late-onset sepsis (LOS) cases confirmed with blood cultures were evaluated retrospectively. Laboratory parameters, demographics, and clinical data were collected and analyzed from hospital records retrospectively. RESULTS: Of the 1210 infants in the NICU, 76 (6.3%) had LOS. A total of 86 episodes of LOS were documented; in 10 infants, two pathogens were identified. The mean gestational age (GA) of the infants with LOS was 33.2+-4.8 weeks (23 to 42 weeks). Gram-positive cocci (GPC) caused most of the LOS episodes (65.8%, 50/76), with coagulase-negative Staphylococcus (CoNS) as the most common cause of LOS (50%, 38/76). Gram-negative rod species (GNRs) accounted for 32.9% (25/76) of the LOS cases, and fungi accounted for 1.3% (1/76). The mortality rates for GNR and GPC were 17.9% and 6.4%, respectively (p>0.05). The mean CRP and conjugated bilirubin levels for the GPC and GNR groups were 37.5 vs. 29.5 mg/dl and 0.7 vs 1.5 mg/dl, respectively (p>0.05). GNRs had a 20–25% ceftriaxone resistance. Two (4%) GPC species were resistant to linezolid, while all were susceptible to vancomycin. All of the GNRs were susceptible to carbapenems. CONCLUSION: These results underscore the recent emergence of CoNS in NICUs. LOS due to GNRs seems to display higher C-reactive protein and conjugated bilirubin values than those due to GPC. Clinical monitoring of NIs and bacterial resistance profiles are required in all NICUs.

Amaç: Bu çalışmada, farklı kompozit yüzeylere (direct ve indirekt) uygulanan farklı pürüzlendirme yöntemlerinin yüzeyde oluşturduğu pürüzlülük ve metal braketlerin bağlanma dayanıklılığı üzerine olan etkisi değerlendirilmiştir. Gereç ve Yöntemler: Çalışmamızda direkt ve indirekt olmak üzere 2 farklı tipte kompozit diskler ve çekilmiş alt keser dişler kullanıldı. Kompozit grupları oluşturmak amacıyla direkt ve indirek kompozitin her birinden 60 adet olmak üzere toplamda 120 kompozit disk üretici talimatlarına göre hazırlandı. Kompozit diskler uygulanacak farklı pürüzlendirme yöntemlerine göre, 4 alt gruba ayrıldı. Bu gruplar; ortofosforik (OF) asit, kumlama, frezle pürüzlendirme yapılan ve hiçbir işlem uygulanmayan kontrol grubu olarak belirlendi. Ayrıca, makaslama bağlanma dayanımı karşılaştırmak için yüzeyi OF asidi ile pürüzlendirilmiş diş grubu oluşturuldu. Bütün kompozit disklerin pürüzlülüğü profilometre cihazı ile yüzeyler pürüzlendirilmeden önce ve sonra ölçüldü. Braketler yapıştırıldıktan sonra, örneklere termal siklus uygulandı ve makaslama bağlanma dayanımı testi yapıldı. Kompozit yüzeylerde oluşan değişiklikler stereomikroskop ve tarayıcı elektron mikroskobu (SEM) ile incelendi. İstatiksel değerlendirme için, iki yönlü ANOVA, Tukey HSD ve Wilcoxon signed rank testleri kullanıldı. Bulgular: Direkt ve indirekt kompozitler arasında makaslama bağlanma dayanımı değerlerinde anlamlı bir fark bulunmadı (p>0.05). Kumlama ile pürüzlendirilen direkt kompozit gruplarında pürüzlülük değerlerinin, indirekt gruptaki değerlerden anlamlı derecede daha yüksek bulundu (p 0.05). Frez yöntemi, hem bağlanma dayanımı, hem de pürüzlülük değerlerinde en yüksek sonuçları gösterdi (p, Background: The present study aimed to evaluate the effect of different roughening techniques applied on different composite surfaces (direct and indirect) on the surface roughness and shear bond strength (SBS) of metal brackets. Methods:In our study, two different types of composite discs as direct and indirect, and extracted lower incisors were used. In a total of 120 discs including 60 from each of the direct and indirect composites were prepared. In each group, the following 4 subgroups were prepared:orthophosphoric acid,sandblasting,diamond burr, and control group with no treatment.Also, 15 lower teeth on which surface was roughened with orthophosphoric acid were added to compare SBS. All composite discs were evaluated using a profilometer before and after roughening the surfaces. After brackets were bonded, the samples were stored in thermocycled and SBS testing was performed. The surface of the composite discs was evaluated with stereomicroscope and and SEM. Data were analyzed using the Wilcoxon signed-rank test, two-way ANOVA, and Tukey-HSD test(p0.05). Roughness values of direct composite discs roughened by sandblasting were found to be higher than those in the indirect group(p0.05).The diamond bur showed the highest values in both SBS and roughness values(p

İyonosfer tabakası yapısı gereği güneş aktivitesi, mevsimsel değişim, gece-gündüz, konum, jeomanyetik aktivite, deprem gibi etmenlere bağlı olarak değişim göstermektedir. Bu tabakada meydana gelen değişim çoğunlukla güneş kaynaklı olsa da sözü edilen diğer etkiler iyonosfer modellemesi için göz önünde bulundurulmalıdır. Günümüzün en büyük doğal afetlerinden biri olan deprem dünya genelinde çok sayıda can ve mal kaybına sebep olmaktadır. Depremle ilgili geçmişten bugüne çok sayıda bilim insanı çalışma yapmıştır. Yapılan çalışmalar sonucunda; deprem öncesi, anı veya sonrasında iyonosfer tabakasında bazı değişimler meydana geldiği, bu sebeple deprem tahmini çalışmalarında iyonosfer tabakasının incelenmesi gerekliliği ortaya koyulmuştur. Bu çalışma kapsamında deprem kaynaklı iyonosferik anomalilerin belirlenebilmesi için deprem öncesi, anı ve sonrasını kapsayacak şekilde toplam 60 günlük Toplam Elektron Miktarı TEC verisi kullanılmıştır. Alt sınır (LB) ve üst sınır (UB) değerlerinin hassas şekilde belirlenebilmesi için ilk 30 güne ilişkin TEC verilerinden faydalanarak deprem analizi için kullanılacak k değeri belirlenmiştir. Deprem analizi için kullanılacak k değeri elde edildikten sonra deprem kaynaklı TEC değişimlerinin belirlenebilmesi için LB ve UB değerleri her epok için üretilmiştir. Bu sayede iyonosfer tabakasına etki eden mevsimsel değişim ile küçük ve orta seviyedeki jeomanyetik etkilerin deprem kaynaklı iyonosferik değişim analiz sonuçlarına olan etkisinin azaltılması sağlanmıştır. 14 Kasım 2016 (yılın günü 319) tarihinde meydana gelen Yeni Zelanda depreminin merkez koordinatları -42,75 N, 173,07 E olan depremin büyüklüğü Mw 7,8 olarak belirlenmiştir. Yapılan analiz sonucunda 315 ve 317. günlerde pozitif anomaliler görülmüş ve anomali miktarları verilmiştir. Söz konusu anomalilerin depremle ilgili olup olmadığının anlaşılabilmesi için anomali görülen günlerde uzay iklim koşulları detaylı olarak irdelenmiştir. Ionosphere shows change depending on solar activity, seasonal variation, day-night, geomagnetic activity, earthquake. Even though the change in this layer is mostly caused by the sun, the other effects mentioned should be taken into consideration for ionosphere modeling. One of the natural disasters of modern-day world, the earthquake causes a large number of lives and property loss throughout the world. Many scientists have been involved in studies of earthquake from the past to the present. As a result of the studies; some changes in the ionosphere layer occurred before, during and after the earthquake, and thus ionosphere layer should be monitored effectively. In order to determine anomalies induced by the earthquake within the scope of this study, a total of 60 days of TEC data was used. In order to determine the boundaries of lower bound (LB) and upper bound (UB), the k value to be used for earthquake analysis was determined by using TEC data for the first 30 days. After obtaining the k value to be used for the earthquake analysis, LB and UB values have been produced for each epoch in order to determine the earthquake-induced ionosphere anomaly. In this way, the effect of seasonal change on the ionosphere layer and the effect of small and medium geomagnetic effects on earthquake-induced ionospheric change analysis results will be reduced. As a result of the analysis, positive anomalies were detected 4 days and 2 days before the earthquake respectively. In order to understand whether these anomalies are related to earthquakes or not, spaceweather conditions were examined in the days of anomalies detail.

In this study, pectin was obtained from dried grapefruit peels by microwave assisted extraction and the extraction conditions were optimized for pectin yield. Response surface method was used for the optimization and optimum extraction conditions were determined as 30 ml/g solvent solid ratio, 90 s and pH 1. The yield of pectin extracted at these conditions was found to be 20.93% and the properties of the extracted pectin were compared to pectin obtained by conventional extraction. FT-IR analysis was performed for both pectins. Pectin obtained by microwave assisted extraction was compared with pectin obtained by the conventional method and their structures were found to be similar to each others. It was determined that the pectin obtained had high degree of esterification. Bu çalışmada kurutulmuş greyfurt kabuklarından mikrodalga destekli ekstraksiyon ile pektin elde edilmiş ve ekstraksiyon koşulları pektin verimi için optimize edilmiştir. Optimizasyon için yanıt yüzey yöntemi kullanılmış ve optimum ekstraksiyon koşulları 30 ml/g, solvent katı oranı 90 s ve pH 1 olarak belirlenmiştir. Bu koşullarda gerçekleştrilen ekstraksiyonda verim %20,93 olarak bulunmuş olup, elde edilen pektinin özellikleri klasik yöntemle elde edilen pektinle karşılaştırılmıştır. Pektinlerde FT-IR analizi yapılmış, mikrodalga destekli ekstraksiyon ile elde edilen pektin, klasik yöntemle elde edilen pektin ile karşılaştırılmış ve yapıları benzer bulunmuştur. Elde edilen pektinin yüksek esterleşme derecesine sahip olduğu tespit edilmiştir.

Asmali, Mehmet/0000-0002-4899-1179 WOS: 000550011400002 Foreign language classroom anxiety (FLCA) adversely affects learners' performance in foreign language classes. The related literature focuses on the relationship between FLCA and learners' achievement or its potential sources. Considering the possibility of students' having different levels of FLCA in classes, this study was designed to find out whether teaching English songs could decrease FLCA of the students having different levels of anxiety and whether it could increase foreign language examination performance of these learners. The participants consisted of 161 tenth graders. FLCA scale (Horwitz et al., 1986) was administered as a pre-test at the beginning of the study which determined the participating classes as high anxiety (two classes) and low anxiety (two classes). The students in two experimental classes were taught four songs chosen through their votes in four weeks. The results indicated that teaching students' favourite English songs in regular English classes decreased students' FLCA regardless of their anxiety level, though higher anxiety group benefited more. Moreover, the results also showed an increase in students' foreign language examination performance with the use of song teaching due to decreased FLCA.

Basaran, Murat Alper/0000-0001-9887-5531 WOS: 000551478900021 PubMed: 31771037 BACKGROUND: Pain is a significant cause of disability in knee osteoarthritis. Conventional radiography is widely used in the assessment of knee osteoarthritis, however radiographic findings do not correlate well with pain. Ultrasonography can be used to evaluate the soft tissue structures of the knee that can be related to pain. OBJECTIVE: To evaluate pain-related soft tissue structures of the knee with ultrasonography. METHODS: This cross-sectional study included a total of 198 knees from 99 patients with knee osteoarthritis. Knee pain and functional status were evaluated by performing visual analogue scale (VAS) and Western Ontario and McMaster Universities Osteoarthritis Index (WOMAC). On the ultrasound, cartilaginous thickness, knee effusion and presence of Baker's cyst were assessed and the correlation to pain was investigated. RESULTS: Baker's cyst was significantly more frequent in symptomatic knees (13.9%) compared to asymptomatic knees (2.5%). Patients with Baker's cyst had a significantly more limited degree of knee flexion, significantly higher resting VAS pain scores and worse WOMAC scores compared to patients without Baker's cyst. In log-linear analysis, presence of Baker's cyst increased the risk of pain by 2.94 times. CONCLUSION: Ultrasound as a modality that is easily accessible, inexpensive and without radiation exposure is helpful to demonstrate factors related to pain in knee osteoarthritis by allowing assessment of soft tissue structures.

Previous research suggests that non-cognitive factors play an important role in promoting success at school and beyond, aligning with the multifaceted goals of education. Enhancing students' attitudes to learning in school is expected to have positive impacts on various schooling outcomes. To date, very few studies have focused on measuring and understanding students' attitude to the arts. This study aims to address a gap in current research in this area by introducing instruments designed to measure attitude to dance, drama, music and visual arts. Confirmatory factor analysis and measurement invariance analyses are employed to examine the factorial validity and measurement equivalence of the scales of attitude to the arts disciplines for different ethnic groups in New Zealand. Findings support the utility of the scales as valid measures of attitude to dance, drama, music and visual arts. Noticeable differences are reported among New Zealand European, Maori, Pasifika and Asian students regarding their attitudes to dance, drama, music and visual arts. © 2020 The Author(s). Open Access - This article is under the CC BY license (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/). Ministry of Education- New Zealand The National Monitoring Study of Student Achievement (NMSSA) project is funded by the Ministry of Education, New Zealand.

Tüketici – marka özdeşleşmesi çalışmalarının 2000’li yıllar içerisinde pazarlama literatüründe yoğunluk kazandığı görülmektedir. Tüketici – marka özdeşleşmesi, tüketicilerin kimliklerini ifade etmek için markaların sembolik anlamlarını kendilerine nasıl atfettiklerinin anlaşılması açısından büyük öneme sahiptir. Bu sembolik anlamlar benlik – marka arasındaki bağlantıları içerdiğinden tüketici – marka ilişkilerin anlaşılmasında oldukça önemlidir. Temelde sosyal kimlik teorisine dayanan tüketici – marka özdeşleşmesi, markaların tüketicilerin kendilerini sınıflandırılması için olanak sağladığı ve bu marka sınıflandırmalarının, marka kullanıcıları arasında olası farklılıklara yol açtığını varsaymaktadır. Çalışmanın temel amacı sosyal kimlik teorisi açısından tüketici – marka özdeşleşmesini incelemek, tüketici – marka özdeşleşmesi ve literatür araştırması sonucunda belirlenen öncüller arasındaki ilişkiyi analiz etmektir. Araştırma modelinde tüketici – marka özdeşleşmesi belirli unsurlar açısından incelenmiştir. Bu amaç doğrultusunda prestij, marka ayırt ediciliği, markanın sosyal faydası ve hatırlanabilir marka deneyimleri olarak belirlenen öncüllerin marka çekiciliği ve tüketici-marka özdeşleşmesi üzerindeki etkileri ortaya konmuştur. Ayrıca marka çekiciliği değişkeninin tüketici – marka özdeşleşmesi üzerindeki etkileri incelenmiştir. Consumer – brand identification studies seem to be concentrated in the marketing literature during the 2000s. Consumer – brand identification has great importance in terms of understanding how consumers have attributed the symbolic meanings of brands to their identities. These symbolic meanings are important in the understanding of consumer-brand relations since they include the connections between self-brand. Consumer – brand identification, which basically is based on the theory of social identity, assumes that brands allow consumers to classify themselves and that such brand categorization leads to possible differences between brand users. The main aim of the study is to examine the consumer – brand identification in terms of the theory of social identity, consumer – brand identification and analyzing the relationship between the identified antecedents as a result of the literature search. In the research model, consumer – brand identification has been examined in terms of certain factors. For this purpose, brand prestige, brand distinctiveness, brand social benefits and memorable brand experience antecedents determinates as, the effects on brand attractiveness and consumer-brand identification have been revealed. In addition, the effects of brand attractiveness variable on consumer – brand identification have been examined.

Bu araştırmanın amacı Miyase Sertbarut’un kitaplarını okunabilirlik açısından değerlendirmektir. Araştırma tarama modeli ile yürütülmüştür. Araştırma materyallerini Miyase Sertbarut’un 10 kitabı oluşturmaktadır. Araştırma grubunu ise Ordu ili merkezinde bulunan bir ortaokulda öğrenim gören 6, 7 ve 8. sınıf 57 ortaokul öğrencisi oluşturmaktadır. Araştırmada okunabilirlik düzeyini belirlemek amacıyla Ateşman (1997) okunabilirlik formülü, Çetinkaya-Uzun (2010) okunabilirlik formülü ve çıkartmalı okunabilirlik uygulaması kullanılmıştır. Araştırmada elde edilen verilerden hareketle incelenen metinlerin Ateşman okunabilirlik formülüne göre genellikle orta güçlük düzeyinde olduğu; Çetinkaya-Uzun okunabilirlik formülüne göre genellikle eğitsel okuma düzeyinde olduğu; çıkartmalı okunabilirlik uygulamasına göre zor düzeyde olduğu sonuçlarına ulaşılmıştır. Araştırmanın sonuçlarına dayanarak ebeveynlerin ve öğretmenlerin çocuklara okuma kitabı önerirken bunların okunabilirlik durumlarını göze almaları önerilmektedir. The aim of this study is to examine the books of Miyase Sertbarut, in terms of readability. The study was conducted with survey model. The study materials consist of 10 books of Miyase Sertbarut. The study group consisted of 6th, 7th and 8th grade 57 secondary school students attending a school in the city center of Ordu. In order to determine the readability levels, Ateşman (1997) readability formula, Çetinkaya-Uzun (2010) readability formula and Cloze Test application were used in the study. According to the results of the study, the texts examined are generally at medium difficulty level according to the Atesman readability formula; they are usually at educational reading level according to the Çetinkaya-Uzun readability formula; also they are at frustration (difficult) level according to the Cloze Test readability application. Based on the results of the study, it is suggested that parents and teachers should consider the readability of the books when offering books to children.

This study which is conducted as a survey research aims to investigate the relationship among the undergraduate tourism students’ attitudes towards English, internship experiences and their intention to make a career in tourism. The study also included the relationship between the demographic characteristics of the participants with the variables. The data of the study were obtained from 373 students studying at the School of Tourism and Hotel Management at Tokat Gaziosmanpasa University Data were analyzed by Multiple Linear Regression Analysis. The results indicate that students who have voluntarily chosen their department, have positive opinion about the business where they did their internship, enjoy English and have positive attitudes towards the English learning activities outside the classroom tend to make a career in the tourism sector.

Yoğun rekabetin yaşandığı ve her şeyin hızlı bir şekilde birbirine benzediği günümüz pazarlarında markalaşmaya yönelik çalışmalar işletmelerin en önemli silahı olarak görülmeye başlamıştır. Markalaşma ve farklılaşmanın önem kazandığı bu süreçte kentler de, sahip olduğu unsurları hedef kitlenin kolayca benimseyebileceği sembol, duygu, simge ve kişi gibi değerlere dönüştürerek konumlandırmaya çalışmaktadırlar. Algılama haritaları da elde edilen konumu görsel olarak sunmaya yarayan önemli bir araçlar olarak görülmektedir. Bu çalışmada, algılama haritaları kullanılarak, Erzurum kentinin rakipleri karşısındaki marka konumu belirlenmeye çalışılmaktadır. Araştırma sonucunda, Erzurum kentinin marka konumunun, rakip olarak belirlenen Gaziantep, Kayseri, Kahramanmaraş ve Malatya kentlerin marka konumlarından daha kötü olduğu tespit edilmiştir. In today’s markets of intense competition, in which everything becomes similar to each other, branding have started to be seen as the most important weapon of enterprises. In this process, cities have focused on differentiation and branding activities in order to be preferred in a highly competitive environment. In this process, where branding and differentiation become important, cities try to position their key elements by transforming them into values such as symbols and emotions that the target audience can easily adopt. Perceptual mapping is seen as an important visualization means to present the position achieved.In this study, the brand position of the city of Erzurum against its competitors is determined by using the perceptual maps. As a result of the study, the brand position of the city of Erzurum was found to be worse than the brand positions of the competitors identified, which are the Gaziantep, Kayseri, Kahramanmaras and Malatya cities.

Language awareness is the totality of conscious efforts to know and practice the language. As to the metalinguistic awareness, it refers to the discovery of the social, cultural, historical and ideological aspects of language as a whole, as well as knowledge of the language and ability to use it. The current study aims to investigate native Turkish speakers' metalinguistic awareness who study at English Language Teaching, German Language Teaching, Turkish Language Teaching, and Turkish Literature departments according to their genders and departments. The study uses descriptive survey design, which is a quantitative approach. The population of the study consists of students who study at English Language Teaching, German Language Teaching, Turkish Language Teaching and Turkish Literature departments in Ataturk University Kazım Karabekir Faculty of Education. As to the sample, it consists of final year students chosen with purposive sampling technique (N=164). The data were collected via Turkish Metalinguistic Awareness Scale, developed by B. Varisoglu (2018). To analyze the data, descriptive analysis techniques were used. As a result, it was found out that prospective teachers have a higher level of linguistic awareness in Turkish, it was also seen that their lowest awareness is in morphological awareness sub-dimension and highest awareness is in the cultural awareness sub-dimension. It is also seen that there is significant difference in favor of female prospective teachers according to the gender variable, but the department variable does not have a significant effect on their Turkish metalinguistic awareness. © 2020 JLLS and the Authors - Published by JLLS. Dil farkındalığı, dili bilme ve uygulamayla ilgili bilinçli çabaların bütünüdür. Üst dilsel farkındalık ise dilin bilgisinin ve dili kullanma becerisinin yanında dille ilgili sosyal, kültürel, tarihsel ve ideolojik yönlerin bir bütün olarak keşfedilmesidir. Bu çalışmanın amacı ana dilleri Türkçe olan ve İngilizce, Almanca, Türkçe ve Türk Dili ve Edebiyatı bölümlerinde okuyan öğretmen adaylarının Türkçe üst dilsel farkındalıklarını cinsiyet ve bölüm değişkenleri açısından incelemektir. Araştırmada nicel araştırma desenlerinden olan betimsel tarama modeli kullanılmıştır. Araştırmada evren olarak Atatürk Üniversitesi Kâzım Karabekir Eğitim Fakültesi İngilizce, Türkçe, Almanca ve Türk Dili ve Edebiyatı Eğitimi bölümlerinde okuyan öğretmen adayları seçilmiştir. Örneklem ise bu evrenden amaçlı örnekleme tekniğiyle belirlenen son sınıf öğrencilerinden oluşmaktadır (N=164). Çalışmanın verileri B. Varışoğlu (2018) tarafından geliştirilen “Türkçe Üst Dilsel Farkındalık Ölçeği” ile toplanmıştır. Verilerin analizinde betimsel analiz tekniklerinden yararlanılmıştır. Sonuç olarak öğretmen adaylarının Türkçe üst dilsel farkındalıklarının yüksek olduğu; en düşük farkındalıklarının şekil bilgisel farkındalık alt boyutunda, en yüksek farkındalıklarının ise kültürel farkındalık alt boyutunda olduğu anlaşılmıştır. Cinsiyet değişkenine göre kız öğretmen adaylarının lehine anlamlı bir farklılığın olduğu, ancak bölüm değişkeninin öğretmen adaylarının Türkçe üst dilsel farkındalıkları üzerinde anlamlı bir etkiye sahip olmadığı görülmüştür.

Sharing content easily on social media has become an important communication choice in the world we live. However, in addition to the conveniences it provides, some problems have been emerged because content sharing is not bounded by predefined rules. Consequently, offensive language has become a big problem for both social media and its users. In this article, it is aimed to detect offensive language in short text messages on Twitter. Since short texts do not contain sufficient statistical information, they have some drawbacks. To cope with these drawbacks of the short texts, semantic word expansion based on concept and word-embedding vectors are proposed. Then for classification task, decision tree and decision tree based ensemble classifiers such as Adaptive Boosting, Bootstrap Aggregating, Random Forest, Extremely Randomized Decision Tree and Extreme Gradient Boosting algorithms are used. Also the imbalanced dataset problem is solved by oversampling. Experiments on datasets have shown that the extremely randomized trees which takes word-embedding vectors as input are the most successful with an F-score of 85.66%. © 2020, Ismail Saritas. All rights reserved.

Göç insani bir olgu olarak karşımıza çıkmakta ve yaşamın her döneminde varlığını hissettirmektedir. Bu kavram beraberinde sığınmacı, mülteci sorunu gibi kavramsal statüleri akıllara getirmektedir. Türkiye’nin güneyinde meydana gelen Suriye’de yaşanan kriz durumunun şiddetli hale gelmesi ile birlikte orada yaşayan insanlar ülkelerini terk ederek başka ülkelerde mülteci konumuna gelmişlerdir. Türkiye bu konuyla ilgili olarak ‘açık kapı politikası’ izlediği için Suriyeli mültecilere kapılarını açarak birçok ilde barınma merkezleri kurarak ihtiyaç sahiplerine barınma, beslenme, sağlık, güvenlik gibi konularda her türlü desteği sağlamaktadır. Çalışmada Suriyeli mülteciler açısından bakıldığında hangi ülkeye gittikleri, o ülkeyi tercih etme sebepleri, hak ve özgürlükleri, kültürel ve dil anlamında uyum sağlama şekilleri, sosyokültürel, psikolojik durumları gibi etmenlerin öneminden bahsedilerek, etkileyen ve etkilenen durumda olmaları hakkında bilgi verilecektir. Mükemmel bir örnek olması açısından Türk Kızılay’ının yaptığı çalışmalar ile insani yardım lojistiği operasyonlarını nasıl yönettiği sorusu üzerinde durularak lojistik süreçler hakkında bilgi verilecek ve yetkililerle yapılan görüşmeler ışığında insani yardım organizasyonundan bahsedilecektir. Migration emerges as a human phenomenon and it is felt in every period of life. This concept brings to mind the conceptual status of refugees and asylum seekers. As the crisis in Syria has become severe, the people living there have had flee their country and become refugees in other countries. Turkey regarding this issue opted for an ‘open door policy’ opens the doors to Syrian refugees by establishing shelter centers, housing, nutrition, health, provide all kinds of support on issues such as security to the needy in several provinces. In the study, when the Syrian refugees are examined in terms of the country they visited, their rights and freedoms, the way of adaptation in terms of culture and language, sociocultural and psychological status, the importance of these such factors will be taken in to account. In order for it a perfect example, information will be given on the logistics processes and the humanitarian aid organization will be discussed in light of the question of how Turkish Red Crescent manages the humanitarian logistics operations.

Bitkiler bulundukları çevre içinde, gelişimlerini sınırlayan, farklı şekillerde meydana gelebilen olumsuz koşullara maruz kalabilmektedirler. Bitkilerde büyüme, gelişme ve metabolizmayı etkileyen ve/veya engelleyen bu olumsuz koşullara stres adı verilmektedir. Salisilik asit (SA) bitkilerde yaygın olarak bulunan ve artık günümüzde bitki büyüme ve gelişmesinin düzenlenmesinde önemli rol oynadığı kabul edilen bir fitohormondur. SA aynı zamanda, tuzluluk, yüksek ve düşük sıcaklık, su, ağır metal, don ve kuraklık stresi gibi abiyotik stres şartlarında bitkilerin toleransını artırmaktadır. Çalışmamız da Türkiye’nin önemli beyaz şaraplık üzüm çeşitlerinden olan ve Tokat’ta yaygın yetiştiriciliği yapılan Narince üzüm çeşidine ait fidanlar kullanılmıştır. Uygulanan yüksek sıcaklık stresi öncesi bitkilere 4 farklı dozda ( 0, 0.5, 1.0, 1.5 µmol l-1 ) salisilik asit (SA) uygulanmış olup bitki büyütme kabininde 40?C’de 12 saat boyunca yüksek sıcaklığa maruz bırakılmıştır. Stres uygulamasından 21 gün sonra ise bitkilerden bitki büyümesini takip etmek amacıyla, sürgün uzunluğu (cm), yaş- kuru sürgün ve kök ağırlıkları (g) alınmış, Salisilik asidin etkisini ortaya koymak amacıyla ise oransal su kapsamı (%), iyon akışı (%) ve hücre zarı zararlanma oranı (%) hesaplanmıştır. Plants are constantly exposed to adverse conditions in their environment, which may occur in different ways, limiting their growth. These negative states that affect and / or prevent growth, development and metabolism in plants are called stress. Salicylic acid (SA) is a hormone-like substance commonly found in plants and is now accepted to play an important role in regulating plant growth and development. Salicylic acid also increases the tolerance of plants under abiotic stress conditions such as salinity, high and low temperature, water, heavy metal, frost and drought stress. This study is one of the important white wine grape varieties belonging to Turkey's Narince grape varieties growing in Tokat made widely used. Salicylic acid (SA) was applied to the plants in 4 different doses (0, 0.5, 1.0, 1.5 µmol l-1 ) before high temperature stress to be applied and they were exposed to high temperature for 12 hours at 40°C in the growth chamber. At the end of the 21 days after the stress application, shoot length (cm), fresh -dry shoot and root weights (g) were taken in order to follow the plant growth from the plants. Proportional water content (%), Ion flow (%) to reveal the effect of salicylic acid and the cell membrane damage rate (%) was calculated.

Bu çalışmada, Bolu merkez ilçesindeki etlik piliç kümeslerinin yapısal özellikleri, mekanizasyon uygulamaları, sorunları ve çözüm önerileri incelenmiştir. Anket çalışmasında, Bolu il merkezine bağlı en yoğun etlik piliç üretimi yapılan 8 köydeki (Oğulduruk, Musluklar, Değirmenbeli, Çivril, Banaz, Yakuplar, Vakıfgeçitveren ve Çaygökpınar) toplam 200 adet kümese ilişkin veriler kullanılmıştır. Anketler, Şubat-Nisan 2018 tarihlerinde yapılmıştır. Bolu il merkezindeki incelenen etlik piliç kümeslerindeki kapasitenin %74’ünün 5.000?Kapasite

Bu çalışmada; yenidoğan yoğun bakım ünitesi hemşirelerinin sigara içme nedenleri, kullanım düzeyleri ve bunu etkileyen faktörler incelendi. Tanımlayıcı-ilişki arayıcı türde olan bu araştırma, bir eğitim ve araştırma hastanesi yenidoğan yoğun bakım ünitesinde görev yapan ve sigara kullanan hemşirelerin (n=32) katılımı ile gerçekleştirildi. Veriler Kişisel Bilgi Formu, Sigara Kullanımına İlişkin Bilgi Formu, Fagerström Nikotin Bağımlılık Testi ile toplandı. İstatistiksel analizler için SPSS for Windows 25 paket programı kullanıldı. Verilerin analizinde tanımlayıcı istatistikler, bağımsız t testi, tek yönlü varyans ve regresyon analizi, Bonferroni testi kullanıldı. Sonuçlar %95’lik güven aralığında, p

Purpose Fuzzy rule-based system (FRBS), a soft computing method used for big data analysis, is used to determine which single hotel attribute or interrelated hotel attributes used in Travel 2.0 data play a role on price–performance (PP). Design/methodology/approach FRBS, based on fuzzy set theory, is used using the data set of four- and five-star hotels in the Alanya destination in Turkey collected from HolidayCheck.de website for the period between 2009 and 2016. Findings Single attributes do not have an impact on PP. At least two or more attributes are necessary to have an impact on PP. Compensations among attributes that are observed to be leading to PP not to change from their current level. Instead of assuming a linear relationship between hotel attributes and PP, non-linearity should often be assumed. In addition, some hotel attributes do not have an impact on PP until some other attribute reaches a certain level. Research limitations/implications The limitations of this research can be grouped under two topics. While the first is related to data, which is German-speaking tourists staying at four- and five-star hotels between 2009 and 2016, the second is the limitation on generalizability. By implementing other types of data related to hotel attributes, new insights can be generated to shed light on different aspects of the relationship between hotel attributes and PP or other measures such as overall evaluation. Originality/value A data-driven model called FRBS is constructed using original verbal statements. Novel insights pertinent to relations between hotel attributes and PP have been extracted.