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Ultralight bosonic (ULB) fields with mass $m_{\phi} \ll 1$ eV often arise in theories beyond the Standard Model (SM). If such fields exist, violent astrophysical events that result in emission of gravitational wave, photon, or neutrino signals could also produce bursts of high-density relativistic ULB fields. Detection of such ULB fields in terrestrial or space-based laboratories correlated with other signals from transient astrophysical events opens a novel avenue for multimessenger astronomy. We show that quantum sensors are particularly well-suited to observe emitted scalar and pseudoscalar axion-like ULB fields coupled to SM. We demonstrate that multimessenger astronomy with ULB fields is possible even when accounting for matter screening effects., Comment: Main text: 20 pages, 10 figures, 1 table. Including appendix: 40 pages, 28 figures, 1 table

This paper aims to document an effective way to improve multimodal co-learning by using aggressive modality dropout. We find that by using aggressive modality dropout we are able to reverse negative co-learning (NCL) to positive co-learning (PCL). Aggressive modality dropout can be used to "prep" a multimodal model for unimodal deployment, and dramatically increases model performance during negative co-learning, where during some experiments we saw a 20% gain in accuracy. We also benchmark our modality dropout technique against PCL to show that our modality drop out technique improves co-learning during PCL, although it does not have as much as an substantial effect as it does during NCL. Github: https://github.com/nmagal/modality_drop_for_colearning

The peptide-protein docking problem is an important problem in structural biology that facilitates rational and efficient drug design. In this work, we explore modeling and solving this problem with the quantum-amenable quadratic unconstrained binary optimization (QUBO) formalism. Our work extends recent efforts by incorporating the objectives and constraints associated with peptide cyclization and peptide-protein docking in the two-particle model on a tetrahedral lattice. We propose a ``resource efficient'' QUBO encoding for this problem, and baseline its performance with a novel constraint programming (CP) approach. We implement an end-to-end framework that enables the evaluation of our methods on instances from the Protein Data Bank (PDB). Our results show that the QUBO approach, using a classical simulated annealing solver, is able to find feasible conformations for problems with up to 6 peptide residues and 34 target protein residues, but has trouble scaling beyond this problem size. In contrast, the CP approach can solve problems with up to 13 peptide residues and 34 target protein residues. We conclude that while QUBO can be used to successfully tackle this problem, its scaling limitations and the strong performance of the CP method suggest that it may not be the best choice., Comment: 30 pages (9 pages content body, 18 pages appendices), 11 figures, 6 tables

This report proposes a neural cognitive model for discovering regularities in event sequences. In a fluid intelligence task, the subject is required to discover regularities from relatively short-term memory of the first-seen task. Some fluid intelligence tasks require discovering regularities in event sequences. Thus, a neural network model was constructed to explain fluid intelligence or regularity discovery in event sequences with relatively short-term memory. The model was implemented and tested with delayed match-to-sample tasks.

The SE and DE formulas are known as efficient quadrature formulas for integrals with endpoint singularity. Particularly, for integrals with algebraic singularity, explicit error bounds in a computable form have been provided, which are useful for computations with guaranteed accuracy. Such explicit error bounds have also been provided for integrals with logarithmic singularity. However, these error bounds have two points to be discussed. The first point is on overestimation of divergence speed of logarithmic singularity. The second point is on the case where there exist both logarithmic and algebraic singularity. To address these issues, this study provides new error bounds for integrals with logarithmic and algebraic singularity. Although existing and new error bounds described above handle integrals over the finite interval, the SE and DE formulas can be applied to integrals over the semi-infinite interval. On the basis of the new results, this study provides new error bounds for integrals over the semi-infinite interval with logarithmic and algebraic singularity at the origin., Comment: Keyword: SE transformation, DE transformation, trapezoidal formula, error bound

We experimentally demonstrated a circularly polarized cavity mode in a GaAs-based chiral photonic crystal (PhC) containing a planar defect. Low-temperature photoluminescence measurements of InAs quantum dots (QDs) embedded in the planar defect revealed a polarization bandgap for left-handed circularly polarized light in the near-infrared spectrum. Within this bandgap, where the QDs preferably emitted right-handed circularly polarized light, we observed a distinct cavity-mode peak characterized by left-handed circular polarization. This observation indicates that the chiral PhC modifies the optical density of states for left-handed circular polarization to be suppressed in the polarization bandgap and be largely enhanced at the cavity mode. The results obtained may not only provide photonic devices such as compact circularly polarized light sources but also promote strong coupling between circularly polarized photons and excitons in solid states or molecules, paving the way for advancements in polaritonics, spintronics, and quantum information technology., Comment: 16 pages, 6 figures

Collisions between aggregates with different histories and compositions are expected to be commonplace in dynamically active protoplanetary discs. Nonetheless, relatively little is known about how collisions themselves may contribute to the resulting mixing of material. Here we use state-of-the-art granular dynamics simulations to investigate mixing between target/projectile material in a variety of individual aggregate-aggregate collisions, and use the results to discuss the efficiency of collisional mixing in protoplanetary environments. We consider sticking collisions (up to 10-20 m/s for our set-up) and disruptive collisions (40 m/s) of BPCA and BCCA clusters, and quantify mixing in the resulting fragments on both individual fragment and sub-aggregate levels. We find that the mass fraction of material that can be considered to be `well-mixed' (i.e., locally made up of a mix of target and projectile material) to be limited, typically between 3-6% for compact BPCA precursors, and increasing to 20-30% for more porous BCCA clusters. The larger fragments produced in disruptive collisions are equally heterogeneous, suggesting aggregate-aggregate collisions are a relatively inefficient way of mixing material with different origins on small scales., Comment: Accepted for publication in MNRAS

Distinct behavior of decaying particles in true and false vacua of the theory can lead to enhanced generation of baryon asymmetry, a scenario we call \textit{phase separation baryogenesis}. We demonstrate that for leptogenesis this naturally allows for right handed neutrinos to generate resonantly-enhanced lepton asymmetry without fine-tuning of their masses as in typical theories. Our mechanism allows for a variety of neutrino mass hierarchies and hence possible novel connections with observations. We present a concrete realization in a minimal model with a scalar field undergoing a phase transition., Comment: 5 pages + supplemental materials, 3 figures

Meteorites and their components exhibit a diverse range of oxygen isotope compositions, and the isotopic exchange timescale between dust grains and ambient gas is a key parameter for understanding the spatiotemporal evolution of the solar nebula. As dust grains existed as macroscopic aggregates in the solar nebula, it is necessary to consider the isotopic exchange timescales for these aggregates. Here, we theoretically estimate the isotope exchange timescales between dust aggregates and ambient vapor. The isotope exchange process between aggregates and ambient vapor is divided into four processes: (i) supply of gas molecules to the aggregate surface, (ii) diffusion of molecules within the aggregate, (iii) isotope exchange on the surface of constituent particles, and (iv) isotope diffusion within the particles. We evaluate these timescales and assess which one becomes the rate-determining step. We reveal that the isotope exchange timescale is approximately the same as that of the constituent particles when the aggregate radius is smaller than the critical value, which is a few centimeters when considering the exchange reaction between amorphous forsterite aggregates and water vapor., Comment: 7 pages, 3 figures. Accepted for publication in ApJ

Aggregates consisting of submicron-sized cohesive dust grains are ubiquitous, and understanding the collisional behavior of dust aggregates is essential. It is known that low-speed collisions of dust aggregates result in either sticking or bouncing, and local and permanent compaction occurs near the contact area upon collision. In this study, we perform numerical simulations of collisions between two aggregates and investigate their compressive behavior. We find that the maximum compression length is proportional to the radius of aggregates and increases with the collision velocity. We also reveal that a theoretical model of contact between two elastoplastic spheres successfully reproduces the size- and velocity-dependence of the maximum compression length observed in our numerical simulations. Our findings on the plastic deformation of aggregates during collisional compression provide a clue to understanding the collisional growth process of aggregates., Comment: 22 pages, 15 figures. Accepted for publication in Granular Matter

Optical skyrmion beams, which encompass two-dimensional topology in their spatial structures, are promising for ultra-dense optical communications and advanced matter manipulation. Generating such light beams via a chip-based approach will vastly broaden their applications and promote the advancement of untapped fundamental science. Here, we present a breakthrough in chip-based technology by experimentally demonstrating on-chip devices capable of generating optical skyrmions with tailored topological invariants. These devices, fabricated with high precision, exhibit behavior that closely aligns with theoretical predictions and numerical simulations. The realization of on-chip optical skyrmion beam generators ushers a new dawn in optical and material science., Comment: 8 pages, 4 figures

A compact energy-recovery linac (cERL) has been un-der construction at KEK since 2009 to develop key technologies for the energy-recovery linac. The cERL began operating in 2013 to create a high-current beam with a low-emittance beam with stable continuous wave (CW) superconducting cavities. Owing to the development of critical components, such as the DC gun, superconducting cavities, and the design of ideal beam transport optics, we have successfully established approximately 1 mA stable CW operation with a small beam emittance and extremely small beam loss. This study presents the details of our key technologies and experimental results for achieving 100% energy recovery operation with extremely small beam loss during a stable, approximately 1 mA CW beam operation., Comment: 11 pages, 16 figures

We discuss a possible generalization of a result by the third-named author on the rationality of non-admissible minimal W-algebras. We then apply this generalization to finding rational non-admissible principal W-algebras.

We routinely perform procedures (such as cooking) that include a set of atomic steps. Often, inadvertent omission or misordering of a single step can lead to serious consequences, especially for those experiencing cognitive challenges such as dementia. This paper introduces PrISM-Observer, a smartwatch-based, context-aware, real-time intervention system designed to support daily tasks by preventing errors. Unlike traditional systems that require users to seek out information, the agent observes user actions and intervenes proactively. This capability is enabled by the agent's ability to continuously update its belief in the user's behavior in real-time through multimodal sensing and forecast optimal intervention moments and methods. We first validated the steps-tracking performance of our framework through evaluations across three datasets with different complexities. Then, we implemented a real-time agent system using a smartwatch and conducted a user study in a cooking task scenario. The system generated helpful interventions, and we gained positive feedback from the participants. The general applicability of PrISM-Observer to daily tasks promises broad applications, for instance, including support for users requiring more involved interventions, such as people with dementia or post-surgical patients., Comment: conditionally accepted to ACM UIST 2024

We propose that light can break mirror symmetries and combining symmetries with a uniform time translation, and their breaking is characterized by an off-diagonal charge conductivity. Taking periodically driven graphene as an example, we show that mirror symmetries about the $xz$ and $yz$ planes and the combining symmetries, the symmetries of combinations of the mirror operations about these planes and a uniform time translation, can be broken by linearly or circularly polarized light. We also show that this symmetry breaking induces the time-averaged off-diagonal symmetric or antisymmetric charge conductivity in a nonequilibrium steady state with linearly or circularly, respectively, polarized light. Our results are experimentally testable in pump-probe measurements. This work will pave the way for controlling mirror symmetries via light and utilizing the light-induced mirror symmetry breaking., Comment: 11 pages, 6 figures, 1 table; published

A dedicated isochronous storage ring, named the Rare-RI Ring, was constructed at the RI Beam Factory of RIKEN, aiming at precision mass measurements of nuclei located in uncharted territories of the nuclear chart. The Rare-RI Ring employs the isochronous mass spectrometry technique with the goal to achieve a relative mass precision of $10^{-6}$ within a measurement time of less than 1 ms. The performance of the facility was demonstrated through mass measurements of neutron-rich nuclei with well-known masses. Velocity or magnetic rigidity is measured for every particle prior to its injection into the ring, wherein its revolution time is accurately determined. The latter quantity is used to determine the mass of the particle, while the former one is needed for non-isochronicity corrections. Mass precisions on the order of $10^{-5}$ were achieved in the first commissioning, which demonstrates that Rare-RI Ring is a powerful tool for mass spectrometry of short-lived nuclei.

We investigate bilayer and trilayer systems composed of topologically distinct, vertically stacked layers based on the Benalcazar-Bernevig-Hughes model. We have identified a topological phase transition that significantly alters the number of the topological corner states in these systems. Additionally, we find that traditional nested Wilson loop analysis inaccurately classifies certain phases, leading us to evaluate multipole chiral numbers (MCNs) as a more appropriate topological invariant. This approach accurately identifies topological phases and the number of MCNs coincides with the number of corner modes, enhancing our understanding of topological insulators and opening avenues for further applications., Comment: 10 pages, 7 figures

We propose that a large and tunable valley-selective Hall effect can be realized in a centrosymmetric system via light-induced breaking of inversion and time-reversal symmetries. This is demonstrated in graphene driven by bicircularly polarized light, which consists of a linear combination of left- and right-handed circularly polarized light with different frequencies. We also show that our Hall conductivity is two orders of magnitude larger than the maximum value obtained in noncentrosymmetric systems, and that the main valley can be switched by tuning a phase difference between the left- and right-handed circularly polarized light. Our results will enable us to generate and control the valley-selective Hall effect in centrosymmetric systems., Comment: 6 pages, 4 figures; published

Given a map $B\to B\mathrm{Top}(n)$ of spaces, one can define a version $\mathbb{E}_{B}$ of the little cubes operad, whose construction is due to Lurie. We show that $\mathbb{E}_{B}$ enjoys the universal property that, for every $\infty$-operad $\mathcal{O}$, an operad map $\mathbb{E}_{B}\to\mathcal{O}$ is equivalent to a $\mathrm{Top}(n)$-equivariant map $B\times_{B\mathrm{Top}(n)}E\mathrm{Top}(n)\to\operatorname{Map}(\mathbb{E}_{n},\mathcal{O})$. This gives us an explicit diagram exhibiting $\mathbb{E}_{B}$ as a colimit of $\mathbb{E}_{n}$ parametrized by $B$. It also shows that locally constant factorization algebras satisfy descent, reproving a recent theorem of Matsuoka., Comment: 21 pages. Some arguments simplified and exposition improved, thanks to comments from the editor and referee. Identical to the version accepted in the M\"unster Journal of Mathematics, except for formatting

High-precision isotopic measurements of meteorites revealed that they are classified into non-carbonaceous (NC) and carbonaceous (CC) meteorites. One plausible scenario for achieving this grouping is the early formation of Jupiter because massive planets can create gaps that suppress the mixing of dust across the gap in protoplanetary disks. However, the efficiency of this suppression by the gaps depends on dust size and the strength of turbulent diffusion, allowing some fraction of the dust particles to leak across the Jovian gap. In this study, we investigate how isotopic ratios of NC and CC meteorites are varied by the dust leaking across the Jovian gap in the solar nebula. To do this, we constructed a model to simulate the evolution of the dust size distribution and the $^{54}$Cr-isotopic anomaly $\varepsilon^{54}$Cr in isotopically heterogeneous disks with Jupiter. Assuming that the parent bodies of NC and CC meteorites are formed in two dust-concentrated locations inside and outside Jupiter's orbit, referred to as the NC reservoir and CC reservoir, we derive the temporal variation of $\varepsilon^{54}$Cr at the NC and CC reservoir. Our results indicate that substantial contamination of CC materials occurs at the NC reservoir in the fiducial run. Nevertheless, the values of $\varepsilon^{54}$Cr at the NC reservoir and the CC reservoir in the run are still consistent with those of NC and CC meteorites formed around 2 Myrs after the formation of calcium-aluminum-rich inclusions. Moreover, this dust leakage causes a positive correlation between the $\varepsilon^{54}$Cr value of NC meteorites and the accretion ages of their parent bodies., Comment: 16 pages, 11 figures, 2 tables, Accepted for publication in PASJ

Chatbots' role in fostering self-reflection is now widely recognized, especially in inducing users' behavior change. While the benefits of 24/7 availability, scalability, and consistent responses have been demonstrated in contexts such as healthcare and tutoring to help one form a new habit, their utilization in coaching necessitating deeper introspective dialogue to induce leadership growth remains unexplored. This paper explores the potential of such a chatbot powered by recent Large Language Models (LLMs) in collaboration with professional coaches in the field of executive coaching. Through a design workshop with them and two weeks of user study involving ten coach-client pairs, we explored the feasibility and nuances of integrating chatbots to complement human coaches. Our findings highlight the benefits of chatbots' ubiquity and reasoning capabilities enabled by LLMs while identifying their limitations and design necessities for effective collaboration between human coaches and chatbots. By doing so, this work contributes to the foundation for augmenting one's self-reflective process with prevalent conversational agents through the human-in-the-loop approach., Comment: Accepted by the International ACM Conversational User Interfaces Conference (CUI '24)

Measuring the amount of speech production in daily life is important for understanding communication in organizations and identifying mental disorders. However, measuring the amount of speech production can be problematic in terms of privacy. We observed the whole body condition during speech and noted that the abdomen strains during speech production.Therefore, we developed a less uncomfortable, inflatable abdominal motion measurement device using a barometric sensor to measure speech production indirectly. We measured speech production in 10 subjects and created a speech discrimination model using machine learning. However, the estimated speech duration in an actual meeting using this model was much longer than the actual duration. We found that the wearer's posture significantly affects the accuracy of the speech discrimination model developed in this study. We plan to improve the abdominal motion measurement device to minimize the effect of posture and achieve more accurate speech production measurement., Comment: 6pages, 2tables, 6figures

We have developed a circularly polarized dielectric rutile (TiO$_2$) cavity with a high quality-factor that can generate circularly polarized microwaves from two orthogonal linearly polarized microwaves with a phase difference of $\pm \pi/2$ using a hybrid coupler. Using this cavity, we have established a new methodology to measure the microwave Hall conductivity of a small single crystal of metal in the skin-depth region. Based on the cavity perturbation technique, we have shown that all components of the surface impedance tensor can be extracted under the application of a magnetic field by comparing the right- and left-handed circularly polarized modes. To verify the validity of the developed method, we performed test measurements on tiny Bi single crystals at low temperatures. As a result, we have successfully obtained the surface impedance tensor components and confirmed that the characteristic field dependence of the ac Hall angle in the microwave region is consistent with the expectation from the dc transport measurements. These results demonstrate a significant improvement in sensitivity compared to previous methods. Thus, our developed technique allows more accurate microwave Hall measurements, opening the way for new approaches to explore novel topological quantum phenomena, such as time-reversal symmetry breaking in superconductors., Comment: 11 pages, 7 figures

The integration of Large Language Models (LLMs) and knowledge graphs (KGs) has achieved remarkable success in various natural language processing tasks. However, existing methodologies that integrate LLMs and KGs often navigate the task-solving process solely based on the LLM's analysis of the question, overlooking the rich cognitive potential inherent in the vast knowledge encapsulated in KGs. To address this, we introduce Observation-Driven Agent (ODA), a novel AI agent framework tailored for tasks involving KGs. ODA incorporates KG reasoning abilities via global observation, which enhances reasoning capabilities through a cyclical paradigm of observation, action, and reflection. Confronting the exponential explosion of knowledge during observation, we innovatively design a recursive observation mechanism. Subsequently, we integrate the observed knowledge into the action and reflection modules. Through extensive experiments, ODA demonstrates state-of-the-art performance on several datasets, notably achieving accuracy improvements of 12.87% and 8.9%., Comment: LLM+KG

A leading candidate for the heating source of chondrules and igneous rims is shock waves. This mechanism generates high relative velocities between chondrules and dust particles. We have investigated the possibility of the chondrule destruction in collisions with dust particles behind a shock wave using a semianalytical treatment. We find that the chondrules are destroyed during melting in collisions. We derive the conditions for the destruction of chondrules and show that the typical size of the observed chondrules satisfies the condition. We suggest that the chondrule formation and rim accretion are different events if they are heated by shock waves., Comment: accepted for publication in ApJ

The closure of a Diximier sheet is the image of a generalized Grothendieck's simultaneous resolution. We show that the associated variety of simple affine vertex algebras is contained in the closure of the Diximier sheet when a chiralization of generalized Grothendieck's simultaneous resolution exists. This generalizes in a conceptual manner the results obtained by the first named author and Anne Moreau and, in particular, allows to extend them to the types A_2, C_n, E_6, E_7., Comment: Grant number of V.Futorny changed

We show how to treat families of $\infty$-categories fibered in categorical patterns (e.g., $\infty$-operads and monoidal $\infty$-categories) in terms of fibrations by relativizing the Grothendieck construction. As applications, we construct an analog of the universal cocartesian fibration and explain how to compute limits and colimits of $\infty$-categories fibered in categorical patterns., Comment: 49 pages, comments welcome

We study the representations of some simple affine vertex algebras at non-admissible level arising from rank one 4D SCFTs. In particular, we classify the irreducible highest weight modules of $L_{-2}(G_2)$ and $L_{-2}(B_3)$. It is known by the works of Adamovi\'{c} and Per\v{s}e that these vertex algebras can be conformally embedded into $L_{-2}(D_4)$. We also compute the associated variety of $L_{-2}(G_2)$, and show that it is the orbifold of the associated variety of $L_{-2}(D_4)$ by the symmetric group of degree 3 which is the Dynkin diagram automorphism group of $D_4$. This provides a new interesting example of associated variety satisfying a number of conjectures in the context of orbifold vertex algebras., Comment: 33 pages, to appear in Commun. Math. Physics