39 results on '"A. Dourari"'
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2. Pratiques et défis évaluatifs en classe de langue étrangère : l’expérience du FLE au centre des cours intensifs
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Lakhdar DOURARI
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Language and Literature - Abstract
Résumé: L’évaluation revêt une importance capitale dans l'amélioration de la qualité de l'enseignement des langues étrangères. Elle consiste à recueillir et interpréter des données sur les apprentissages afin d'évaluer l'efficacité des méthodes d'enseignement, les compétences des apprenants, ainsi que l'adéquation du système éducatif. Étant donné son rôle crucial dans la dynamique de l'enseignement et de l'apprentissage, il est essentiel d'assurer la cohérence entre les dispositifs et les outils d'évaluation et les orientations officielles de la formation. Cet article a pour objectif de faire le point sur la notion d’« évaluation » et sur la problématique de son application dans le secteur de l’enseignement / apprentissage des langues étrangères, notamment le FLE, dans le Centre des cours intensifs, ainsi que sur ses liens avec la problématique plus générale de l’amélioration de la qualité et sur l’avancement des démarches sur le sujet en Algérie. Mots-clés : Pratiques évaluatives, enseignement, langue étrangère, FLE, compétences, cours intensifs
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- 2024
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3. Elucidating the effect of nitrocellulose-encapsulated MgAl–CuO on the thermal behavior of double base propellant based on nitrocellulose and diethylene glycol dinitrate
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Dourari, Mohammed, Tarchoun, Ahmed Fouzi, Trache, Djalal, Abdelaziz, Amir, Barkat, Tessnim, Tiliouine, Roufaida, Bekhouche, Slimane, and Bessa, Wissam
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- 2023
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4. Complex evaporation kinetics of a volatile droplet of methanol
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Dourari, A., Lankri, R., Chikh, S., Khalfallah, S., and Tadrist, L.
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- 2023
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5. A comprehensive investigation of the impact of carbon-supported metal complexes of triaminoguanidine on the characteristics of a double-base propellant.
- Author
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Dourari, Mohammed, Tarchoun, Ahmed Fouzi, Trache, Djalal, Boutillara, Yasmine, Abdelaziz, Amir, Tiliouine, Roufaida, and Barkat, Tessnim
- Abstract
In this study, triaminoguanidine complexes grafted onto activated carbon (AC-TAG-Fe and AC-TAG-Co) were designed and investigated for their catalytic effect on the thermolysis of a double base propellant consisting of nitrocellulose (NC) and diethylene glycol dinitrate (DEGDN). The successful synthesis of transition metal complexes with triaminoguanidine and their subsequent grafting onto activated carbon were confirmed using various analytical techniques, including Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy, Raman Spectroscopy, X-ray Diffraction, and Scanning Electron Microscopy. Thermal characterization using Thermogravimetric Analysis and Differential Scanning Calorimetry provided valuable insights into the thermal properties and reactivity of the elaborated NC/DEGDN-based composites. Importantly, the addition of various additives resulted in notable improvements in both the enthalpy of reaction and density. Isoconversional kinetic studies revealed that the incorporation of TAG-Fe and TAG-Co complexes reduced the apparent activation energy of the NC/DEGDN composite from 137.4 kJ/mol to 135.4 kJ/mol and 114.8 kJ/mol, respectively, suggesting their catalytic effect. Furthermore, it is found that the addition of activated carbon (AC) resulted in an increase in activation energy to 154 kJ/mol, whereas grafting TAG-Fe and TAG-Co complexes onto AC as a catalytic support subsequently reduced activation energy to 119 kJ/mol and 112 kJ/mol, respectively. Overall, this research serves as a valuable reference for future studies focusing on investigating the catalytic combustion characteristics of double-base solid propellants. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
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- 2024
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6. Quasihomeomorphisms and Some Topological Properties
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Khedidja Dourari, Alaa M. Abd El-latif, Sami Lazaar, Abdelwaheb Mhemdi, and Tareq M. Al-shami
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quasihomeomorphism ,Alexandroff space ,Whyburn space ,submaximal space ,primal space ,factorisation systems ,Mathematics ,QA1-939 - Abstract
In this paper, we study the properties of topological spaces preserved by quasihomeomorphisms. Particularly, we show that quasihomeomorphisms preserve Whyburn, weakly Whyburn, submaximal and door properties. Moreover, we offer necessary conditions on continuous map q:X→Y where Y is Whyburn (resp., weakly Whyburn ) in order to render X Whyburn (resp., weakly Whyburn). Also, we prove that if q:X→Y is a one-to-one continuous map and Y is submaximal (resp., door), then X is submaximal (resp., door). Finally, we close this paper by studying the relation between quasihomeomorphisms and k-primal spaces.
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- 2023
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7. Unraveling the Effect of MgAl/CuO Nanothermite on the Characteristics and Thermo-Catalytic Decomposition of Nanoenergetic Formulation Based on Nanostructured Nitrocellulose and Hydrazinium Nitro-Triazolone
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Mohammed Dourari, Ahmed Fouzi Tarchoun, Djalal Trache, Amir Abdelaziz, Slimane Bekhouche, Abdelatif Harrat, Hani Boukeciat, and Nawel Matmat
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nitrocellulose ,nanostructured nitrocellulose ,hydrazinium nitro triazolone ,nanocatalyst ,energetic composite ,thermo-kinetics ,Chemical technology ,TP1-1185 ,Chemistry ,QD1-999 - Abstract
The present study aims to develop new energetic composites containing nanostructured nitrocellulose (NNC) or nitrated cellulose (NC), hydrazinium nitro triazolone (HNTO), and MgAl-CuO nanothermite. The prepared energetic formulations (NC/HNTO/MgAl-CuO and NNC/HNTO/MgAl-CuO) were analyzed using various analytical techniques, such as Fourier-transform infrared (FTIR), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), thermogravimetry (TGA), and differential scanning calorimetry (DSC). The outstanding catalytic impact of MgAl-CuO on the thermal behavior of the developed energetic composites was elucidated by kinetic modeling, applied to the DSC data using isoconversional kinetic methods, for which a considerable drop in the activation energy was acquired for the prepared formulations, highlighting the catalytic influence of the introduced MgAl-CuO nanothermite. Overall, the obtained findings demonstrated that the newly elaborated NC/HNTO/MgAl-CuO and NNC/HNTO/MgAl-CuO composites could serve as promising candidates for application in the next generation of composite explosives and high-performance propellants.
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- 2022
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8. Towards Investigating the Effect of Ammonium Nitrate on the Characteristics and Thermal Decomposition Behavior of Energetic Double Base NC/DEGDN Composite
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Hani Boukeciat, Ahmed Fouzi Tarchoun, Djalal Trache, Amir Abdelaziz, Rania Ahmed Hamada, Ayemen Bouhantala, Chamseddine Bousstila, Sabrina Hanafi, Mohammed Dourari, and Thomas M. Klapötke
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ammonium nitrate ,nitrocellulose ,diethylene glycol dinitrate ,energetic composite ,decomposition kinetics ,Technology ,Electrical engineering. Electronics. Nuclear engineering ,TK1-9971 ,Engineering (General). Civil engineering (General) ,TA1-2040 ,Microscopy ,QH201-278.5 ,Descriptive and experimental mechanics ,QC120-168.85 - Abstract
This research work aimed to elaborate on a new modified double-base propellant containing nitrocellulose (NC), ammonium nitrate (AN), and diethylene glycol dinitrate (DEGDN). The developed AN/NC-DEGDN formulation was successfully obtained through a casting process and fully characterized in terms of its chemical structure, morphological features, and thermal behavior. Beforehand, theoretical calculation by the CEA-NASA program was applied to select the optimal composition of the formulation. Experimental findings demonstrated the homogenous dispersion of AN oxidizer in the NC-DEGDN matrix without alteration of their molecular structures. The catalytic influence of AN on the thermal decomposition behavior of NC-DEGDN film was also elucidated by thermal analyses. When AN was incorporated into the formulation, the decomposition peak temperatures for the different decomposition processes were shifted toward lower temperatures, while the total enthalpy of decomposition increased by around 1272.24 J/g. In addition, the kinetics of the thermal decomposition of the developed modified double base propellant were investigated using DSC results coupled with model kinetic approaches. It was found that the addition of AN decreases the activation energy of nitrate esters from 134.5 kJ/mol to 118.84 kJ/mol, providing evidence for its excellent catalytic effect. Overall, this investigation could serve as a reference for developing future generation of modified double-base propellants.
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- 2022
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9. Elaboration, Characterization and Thermal Decomposition Kinetics of New Nanoenergetic Composite Based on Hydrazine 3-Nitro-1,2,4-triazol-5-one and Nanostructured Cellulose Nitrate
- Author
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Ahmed Fouzi Tarchoun, Djalal Trache, Amir Abdelaziz, Abdelatif Harrat, Walid Oussama Boukecha, Mohamed Abderrahim Hamouche, Hani Boukeciat, and Mohammed Dourari
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nanostructured nitrocellulose ,hydrazine 3-nitro-1,2,4-triazol-5-one ,nanoenergetic composite ,compatibility ,thermal kinetics ,Organic chemistry ,QD241-441 - Abstract
This research aims to develop new high-energy dense ordinary- and nano-energetic composites based on hydrazine 3-nitro-1,2,4-triazol-5-one (HNTO) and nitrated cellulose and nanostructured nitrocellulose (NC and NMCC). The elaborated energetic formulations (HNTO/NC and HNTO/NMCC) were fully characterized in terms of their chemical compatibility, morphology, thermal stability, and energetic performance. The experimental findings implied that the designed HNTO/NC and HNTO/NMCC formulations have good compatibilities with attractive characteristics such as density greater than 1.780 g/cm3 and impact sensitivity around 6 J. Furthermore, theoretical performance calculations (EXPLO5 V6.04) displayed that the optimal composition of the as-prepared energetic composites yielded excellent specific impulses and detonation velocities, which increased from 205.7 s and 7908 m/s for HNTO/NC to 209.6 s and 8064 m/s for HNTO/NMCC. Moreover, deep insight on the multi-step kinetic behaviors of the as-prepared formulations was provided based on the measured DSC data combined with isoconversional kinetic methods. It is revealed that both energetic composites undergo three consecutive exothermic events with satisfactory activation energies in the range of 139–166 kJ/mol for HNTO/NC and 119–134 kJ/mol for HNTO/NMCC. Overall, this research displayed that the new developed nanoenergetic composite based on nitrated cellulose nanostructure could serve as a promising candidate for practical applications in solid rocket propellants and composite explosives.
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- 2022
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10. Catalytic Effect of Transition Metal Complexes of Triaminoguanidine on the Thermolysis of Energetic NC/DEGDN Composite.
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Dourari, Mohammed, Tarchoun, Ahmed Fouzi, Trache, Djalal, Abdelaziz, Amir, Tiliouine, Roufaida, Barkat, Tessnim, and Weiqiang Pang
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FOURIER transform infrared spectroscopy ,TRANSITION metal complexes ,SOLID propellants ,CATALYSIS ,ENTHALPY ,PROPELLANTS ,IRON ,TRANSITION metals - Abstract
The transition metal complexes of triaminoguanidine (TAGwhere M = Cobalt (Co) or Iron (Fe)) have been prepared. The catalytic effect of these complexes on the thermolysis of energetic composite based on nitrocellulose and diethylene glycol dinitrate? has been investigated. Extensive characterization of the resulting energetic composites was carried out sing scanning electron microscopy (SEM), X-ray diffraction (XRD), Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), and differential scanning calorimetry (DSC). Isoconversional kinetic analysis was performed to determine the Arrhenius parameters associated with the thermolysis of the elaborated energetic formulations. It is found that TAG-M complexes have strong catalytic effect on the thermokinetic decomposition of NC/DEGDN by decreasing the apparent activation energy and significantly increased the total heat release. The models that govern the decomposition processes are also studied, and it is revealed that different react io n processes are accomplished by introduction metal complexes of triaminoguanidine. Overall, this study serves as a valuable reference for future research focused on the investigation of catalytic combustion features of solid propellants. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
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- 2024
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11. Quasihomeomorphisms and Some Topological Properties
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Dourari, Khedidja, primary, Abd El-latif, Alaa M., additional, Lazaar, Sami, additional, Mhemdi, Abdelwaheb, additional, and Al-shami, Tareq M., additional
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- 2023
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12. Study of Strong Electromagnetic-thermal Coupling Behavior in Induction Motor
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REGAZ, Amar, primary, ELBAR, Mohamed, additional, and DOURARI, Ahmed Lamine, additional
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- 2023
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13. Maximum Power Point Tracking for Photovoltaic System under Partial Shading Conditions using Aquila Optimizer Algorithm
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KORICH, Belkacem, primary, ELBAR, Mohamed, additional, BAKRIA, Derradji, additional, BELADEL, Abdelkader, additional, TETA, Ali, additional, and DOURARI, Ahmed Lamine, additional
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- 2023
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14. Complex evaporation kinetics of a volatile droplet of methanol
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A. Dourari, R. Lankri, S. Chikh, S. Khalfallah, L. Tadrist, Ecole Militaire Polytechnique [Alger] (EMP), Ministère de l'Enseignement Supérieur et de la Recherche Scientifique [Algérie] (MESRS)-Ministère de la Défense Nationale [Algérie], Université des Sciences et de la Technologie Houari Boumediene = University of Sciences and Technology Houari Boumediene [Alger] (USTHB), Institut universitaire des systèmes thermiques industriels (IUSTI), Aix Marseille Université (AMU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), and CNRS - Université d’ Aix-Marseille (CNRS-AMU)
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[SPI]Engineering Sciences [physics] ,General Chemical Engineering ,wetting area ,sessile drop ,high liquid volatility ,methanol evaporation ,Condensed Matter Physics ,retraction ,Atomic and Molecular Physics, and Optics - Abstract
International audience; An experimental study is carried out to investigate the different stages of the evaporation phenomenon of a methanol drop that exhibits a complex behavior because of its high volatility. An optical technique is employed with top and side view cameras; it allows to follow the drop shape evolution and determine the geometric parameters: contact angle and base diameter from which the volume of the droplet is computed. The outcomes of this study show three distinct stages. First, the evaporation kinetics is very fast (33% of the droplet lifetime) where 85% of the volume evaporates with a nearly pinned contact line. It is followed by a short stage (12% of lifetime) where 8% of the volume evaporates. In this stage, the drop forms a thin liquid film followed by a motion of the contact line in which the drop retracts. The wetting surface deforms and loses its quasi-circular shape. Then, the wetting area shrinks drastically to form a smaller droplet with a higher contact angle. In the third stage (55% of lifetime), the 7% remaining drop volume evaporates with a low evaporation rate accompanied by a strong decrease of contact angle and a slight decline of wetting area until total evaporation.
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- 2023
15. PARTICLE SWARM OPTIMIZATION-BASED MPPT TECHNIQUE UNDER PARTIAL SHADING FOR PHOTOVOLTAIC SYSTEMS
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Elbar Mohamed, Korich Belkacem, Bakria Derradji, Teta Ali, Beladel Abdelkader, Dourari Ahmed Lamine
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Photovoltaic system, maximum power point tracking, partial shading condition, PSO optimization - Abstract
Partial shading is a common problem in photovoltaic (PV) systems, and is notoriously difficult to solve. To address this issue, multiple approaches have been made. This paper proposes the use of the metaheuristic optimization method, PARTICLE SWARM OPTIMIZATION (PSO), to track the multiple-peak P–V curve in PV systems under partial shading conditions (PSCs). The results of the PSO algorithm were found to be very fast, reliable, and precise in normal conditions, PSCs, and changes in irradiance. Furthermore, the PSO algorithm was shown to have a significant improvement in performance when compared to the perturb and observe (P&O) algorithm.
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- 2023
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16. On Some Properties of Whyburn Spaces
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Abdelwaheb Mhemdi, Sami Lazaar, and Khedidja Dourari
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Article Subject ,General Computer Science ,General Mathematics ,General Neuroscience ,General Medicine - Published
- 2022
17. Unraveling the Effect of MgAl/CuO Nanothermite on the Characteristics and Thermo-Catalytic Decomposition of Nanoenergetic Formulation Based on Nanostructured Nitrocellulose and Hydrazinium Nitro-Triazolone
- Author
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Dourari, Mohammed, primary, Tarchoun, Ahmed Fouzi, additional, Trache, Djalal, additional, Abdelaziz, Amir, additional, Bekhouche, Slimane, additional, Harrat, Abdelatif, additional, Boukeciat, Hani, additional, and Matmat, Nawel, additional
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- 2022
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18. Towards Investigating the Effect of Ammonium Nitrate on the Characteristics and Thermal Decomposition Behavior of Energetic Double Base NC/DEGDN Composite
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Boukeciat, Hani, primary, Tarchoun, Ahmed Fouzi, additional, Trache, Djalal, additional, Abdelaziz, Amir, additional, Ahmed Hamada, Rania, additional, Bouhantala, Ayemen, additional, Bousstila, Chamseddine, additional, Hanafi, Sabrina, additional, Dourari, Mohammed, additional, and Klapötke, Thomas M., additional
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- 2022
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19. Elaboration, Characterization and Thermal Decomposition Kinetics of New Nanoenergetic Composite Based on Hydrazine 3-Nitro-1,2,4-triazol-5-one and Nanostructured Cellulose Nitrate
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Tarchoun, Ahmed Fouzi, primary, Trache, Djalal, additional, Abdelaziz, Amir, additional, Harrat, Abdelatif, additional, Boukecha, Walid Oussama, additional, Hamouche, Mohamed Abderrahim, additional, Boukeciat, Hani, additional, and Dourari, Mohammed, additional
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- 2022
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20. Effect of core-shell structure of MgAl-CuO nanothermite coated with potassium perchlorate on the thermo-kinetic behavior of NC/DEGDN composite.
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Dourari, Mohammed, Tarchoun, Ahmed Fouzi, Trache, Djalal, Abdelaziz, Amir, Tiliouine, Roufaida, Barkat, Tessnim, Bessa, Wissam, and Bekhouche, Slimane
- Abstract
In this study, a core-shell structure of MgAl-CuO nanothermite coated with ammonium perchlorate (KClO4@MgAl-CuO) has been successfully prepared by a solvent/non-solvent synthetic method, and its catalytic influence on the thermo-kinetic behavior of nitrated cellulose (NC)/diethylene glycol dinitrate (DEGDN) composite has been studied using differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) combined with three isoconversional kinetic models. Beforehand, scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) findings showed that the prepared KClO4@MgAl-CuO particles were uniformly distributed within the NC/DEGDN matrix. Moreover, the obtained DSC thermograms indicated that the thermolysis of the developed NC/DEGDN composite was shifted to a lower temperature after the incorporation of the coated nanothermite. Additionally, a significant decrease in the activation energy (from approximately 136 to 94 kJ/mol) was also observed, demonstrating that the presence of the KClO4@MgAl-CuO nanothermite catalyzed the decomposition of NC/DEGDN propellant. Therefore, this study could serve as a reference for future research on the coated metastable intermolecular composites and their effects on double-base propellants. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
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- 2023
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21. La politique linguistique de l’Algérie ou l’arbre linguistique qui cache la forêt idéologique
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Dourari, Abderrezak
- Subjects
General Earth and Planetary Sciences ,General Environmental Science - Published
- 2021
22. On Some Properties of Whyburn Spaces
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Mhemdi, Abdelwaheb, primary, Lazaar, Sami, additional, and Dourari, Khedidja, additional
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- 2022
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23. Some new separation axioms in GenTop
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Khedidja Dourari and Sami Lazaar
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Pure mathematics ,T 0 -reflection ,Mathematics (miscellaneous) ,Applied Mathematics ,Generalized topological spaces ,Mathematics ,Separation axiom - Abstract
In this paper, we introduce some new separation axioms in the category of generalized topological spaces. Some characterizations of these axioms are given. Morphisms rendered invertible by the T 0 -reflection in GenTop are entirely deter- mined. Finally, some known results in the category Top are deduced.
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- 2019
24. CULTURES POPULAIRES ET CULTURE NATIONALE EN ALGÉRIE
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Sous la direction scientifique de Abderrezak Dourari
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- 2002
25. Some new separation axioms in GenTop
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Dourari, Khedidja, primary and Lazaar, Sami, additional
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- 2019
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26. Some new separation axioms in GenTop
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Dourari, Khedidja, Lazaar, Sami, Dourari, Khedidja, and Lazaar, Sami
- Abstract
In this paper, we introduce some new separation axioms in the category of generalized topological spaces. Some characterizations of these axioms are given. Morphisms rendered invertible by the T 0 -reflection in GenTop are entirely deter- mined. Finally, some known results in the category Top are deduced.
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- 2018
27. Algérianité et spécificité chez Slimane Azem à travers la chanson lful D ibawen : l’art de dire la même chose autrement, et en prendre ombrage
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Abderrezak Dourari
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- 2013
28. La présence des langues de moindre diffusion sur le web Numérisations, normes et recherches
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Ouahmi Ould-Braham, Abderrezak Dourari, and Imad Saleh
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- 2012
29. Pratiques langagières effectives et pratiques postulées en Kabylie
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Abderrezak Dourari
- Abstract
Le concept “pratiques langagieres” est galvaude dans la societe algerienne saturee d’ideologie au point ou elle ne realise plus l’importance de la description scientifique froide. La question linguistique, dans une societe plurilingue non reconnue comme telle par l’Etat, est fatalement happee par l’ideologie, pour masquer des interets ideels et materiels, des positions de pouvoir.Au refus borne de reconnaitre tamazight, certains defenseurs de la question amazighe reagissent en lui opposant le rejet de la langue arabe scolaire. Ils confondent ainsi politique linguistique retrograde (l’arabisation) d’un pouvoir d’Etat a l’orniere serree et agissant sous l’effet de la haine de soi, et la langue arabe elle-meme qui a ete le vehicule d’une civilisation brillante et de la pensee rationnelle qu’elle a transmise a l’Occident en passant d’Averroes a Saint Thomas d’Acquin. Nier la realite demeure donc la chose la mieux partagee par ces acteurs.Les textes de graffitis que nous presentons expriment quant a eux la realite des pratiques langagieres plurielles des locuteurs tamightophones : le francais cotoie l’arabe algerien, qui cotoie le kabyle et l’arabe scolaire. Les graphies arabe et latine sont convoquees spontanement pour dessiner ces graffitis - forme de l’expression de contenus discursifs d’une grande portee politique et sociale – qui ont egaye les murs de certaines villes de Tizi-Ouzou et Bejaia. C’etait sous le cri de ralliement « ‘ayaw âh ! » ( =Venez donc ! ou Allons y !) et le mot d’ordre contre la « hogra », expressions specifiquement algeriennes, que les attaques etaient menees contre les gendarmeries tenues pour responsables de la mort de 118 jeunes manifestants. C’est par consequent dans un contexte serieux que ces expressions ont ete recueillies.Nous avons note, en egard a ce contexte, que l’usage non critique des concepts nes dans des conditions historiques et sociales particulieres pourrait mener a des deformations graves de la realite.Faut-il alors appeler a une epistemologie des theories sociolinguistiques ? A la constitution d’une sociolinguistique algerienne qui ne se confondrait pas avec celle catalane dont l’histoire de la societe qui lui a donne naissance se distingue de celle de la societe algerienne ?
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- 2002
30. Algeria: cultural multiplicity and unity dialectics
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Abderrezak Dourari
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Dialectic ,Multiplicity (mathematics) ,Sociology ,Epistemology - Published
- 2014
31. De la laïcité en Islam selon Mohammad Abid Al-Jâbirî
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Abderrezak Dourari
- Subjects
laïcité ,إسلام ,Arab world ,laicidad ,محمد عابد الجابري ,فكر إسلامي ,secularism ,islam ,pensée islamique ,mundo árabe ,عالم عربي ,islamic thought ,علمانية ,pensamiento ,Mohammed Abid Al-Jâbiri ,monde arabe - Abstract
Le terme de « laïcité », attribut de la modernité dans le monde occidental, est frappé d’anathème dans le Monde arabe et islamique. Il est même pris curieusement pour synonyme d’athéisme. Mohammed Abid Al-Jâbirî, philosophe marocain, lui consacre un article entier et semble, probablement dans une visée tactique, vouloir contourner ce terme fortement connoté en proposant de le remplacer par « démocratie » et « rationalisme ». Pour montrer que ce terme suscite une fausse problématique et est « inadéquat » au Monde arabe et islamique, il cherche une validation de sa visée dans l’histoire islamique ancienne : celle de la période inaugurale, précisément l’épisode du conflit politique dit de saqîfat banî sâ’ida, relatif à la succession du Prophète et la manière dont celui-ci a été résolu ; puis celle des califes bien-guidés et la manière dont la succession, sous des formes très diverses a eu lieu, pour enfin culminer durant la période dite de Mu’âwiyya et son célèbre discours sur sa gouvernance débarrassée de tout fondement théologique. La multiplicité des formes historiques de succession en pays d’Islam corrobore l’absence effective d’une forme d’Etat prescrite dans les textes sacrés (Coran et Sunna). De plus, l’Etat théocratique correspond à une sociologie politique que l’on ne peut reproduire aujourd’hui. Jâbirî a, sans doute, raison d’affirmer que l’Islam n’a pas d’église pour qu’on ait à le séparer de l’Etat. Il n’en demeure pas moins cependant, que la fatwa - décret religieux rendu par une autorité musulmane reconnue- est censée être exécutoire pour tout Musulman, quel que soit le lieu où il réside. Des expériences récentes ont rendu cette idée plus précise. On le voit bien, pour la conception religieuse, l’autorité suprême en pays d’Islam, ce n’est point l’Etat ou la Loi fondamentale positive, mais c’est la norme théocratique telle que comprise et représentée par la nomenklatura des fuqhâ’. En fait, dans ces pays, la question de l’autonomisation de la sphère politique par l’assignation de la sphère religieuse au domaine privé, se pose aujourd’hui plus que jamais, car il ne faut pas perdre de vue que l’autocensure a sans nul doute plus d’efficacité que la censure institutionnelle. The term ‘laic’ attribute of modernity in the Occident, is struck by anathema in the Arab and Islamic world. It is even curiously taken for a synonym of atheism. Mohammed Abid Al-Jâbirî ; a Moroccan philosopher, devoted a whole article about it and seems in a tactical insight probably, to want to around this strongly connoted term by suggesting to replace it by democracy, and rationalism. To show that this term excites a false problematic and is inadequate for the Arab and Islamic world, he looks for an authenticity of his in sight in ancient islamic history that of the inaugural period, precisely the episode of political conflict named "saqîfat banî sâ’ida", relative to the prophet’s succession and the way in which this was solved ; then that of the well directed caliphs and the way in which the succession took place under various forms ; to finally culminate in the period called ‘Mu’âwiyya’ and its famous discourse on governance rid of all theological grounds. The multiplicity of historical forms for succession in countries of Islam corroborate the effective absence of a form of state prescribed in the sacred texts (Koran and Sunna). More over a theocratic state corresponds to a political sociology that one can’t reproduce today. Jâbirî is without doubt, right to affirm that Islam hasn’t a church so that one has to separate it from the state. It remains not less however, that the ‘fatw’a’ -religious decree ordered by a recognised Moslem authority- is supposed to be executed for all Moslems what ever the place of residence. Recent experiences have rendered this idea more precise. One sees it well, for the concept of supreme religious authority in a country of Islam is not the state or positive fundamental law, but it’s theocratic norm such as that under stood and represented by the nomenclatura of the ‘fuqhâ’. In fact, in these countries, the question of autonomization of the political sphere by assigning the religious sphere to the realm of private is asked today more than ever, because one mustn’t lose sight that auto censure has no doubt more efficacy than institutional censure. The term ‘laic’ attribute of modernity in the Occident, is struck by anathema in the Arab and Islamic world. It is even curiously taken for a synonym of atheism. Mohammed Abid Al-Jâbirî ; a Moroccan philosopher, devoted a whole article about it and seems in a tactical insight probably, to want to around this strongly connoted term by suggesting to replace it by democracy, and rationalism. To show that this term excites a false problematic and is inadequate for the Arab and Islamic world, he looks for an authenticity of his in sight in ancient islamic history that of the inaugural period, precisely the episode of political conflict named "saqîfat banî sâ’ida", relative to the prophet’s succession and the way in which this was solved ; then that of the well directed caliphs and the way in which the succession took place under various forms ; to finally culminate in the period called ‘Mu’âwiyya’ and its famous discourse on governance rid of all theological grounds. The multiplicity of historical forms for succession in countries of Islam corroborate the effective absence of a form of state prescribed in the sacred texts (Koran and Sunna). More over a theocratic state corresponds to a political sociology that one can’t reproduce today. Jâbirî is without doubt, right to affirm that Islam hasn’t a church so that one has to separate it from the state. It remains not less however, that the ‘fatw’a’ -religious decree ordered by a recognised Moslem authority- is supposed to be executed for all Moslems what ever the place of residence. Recent experiences have rendered this idea more precise. One sees it well, for the concept of supreme religious authority in a country of Islam is not the state or positive fundamental law, but it’s theocratic norm such as that under stood and represented by the nomenclatura of the ‘fuqhâ’. In fact, in these countries, the question of autonomization of the political sphere by assigning the religious sphere to the realm of private is asked today more than ever, because one mustn’t lose sight that auto censure has no doubt more efficacy than institutional censure. إن مفردة "لائكية" و هي من مواصفات الحداثة في العالم الغربي مفردة لعينة في العالم العربي و الإسلامي. بل الغريب أنها تـٌفهم كمرادفة لمفردة "إلحاد". يخصص لها محمد عابد الجابري الفيلسوف المغربي مقالا كاملا و يريد ربما لسبب تكتيكي أن يتفادى هذه المفردة المشحونة فيقترح استبدالها بمفردة "ديمقراطية" و "عقلانية". و لكي يبين ان هذه المفردة غير "مطابقة" للعالم العربي و الإسلامي و تثير فيه إشكاليات مزيفة، يغوص الجابري في عمق التاريخ الإسلامي بحثا عمّا من شأنه أن يضفي على رؤاه مصادفة ما. بدءا بتاريخ المرحلة الإستهلاكية و ما آل إليه خصام سقيفة بني ساعدة السياسي و كيفية حله و هو خصام دار حول خلافة الرسول ؛ ثم كيفيات انتقال الحكم و الخلافة في مرحلة الخلفاء الراشدين و هي متعددة، و ينتهي عند معاوية و كيفية تنصله صراحة عن الدولة التيوقراطية. إن تعدد كيفيات الإستخلاف على سدة الحكم في التاريخ الإسلامي و العربي يؤكد عدم وجود نص صريح قرآن أو سنة يحدد شكل الدولة في الإسلام. زيادة على ذلك فإن الدولة التيوقراطية تربطها وشائج قوية بسوسيولوجية السياسية لايمكن استعادتها اليوم. و لئن كان الجابري صادقا فيما قال بعدم وجود كنيسة في الإسلام لنفصلها عن الدولة إلا أن الفتوى و هي قرار تصدره سلطة دينية يفترض تطبيقها من قبل كل مسلم مهما كان موطنه. و التـجارب الحديثة ا لعهد تؤكد ذلك، فالسلطة العليا في نظر الدين ليست الدولة أو القانون الوضعي بل تتمثل في المعيار التيوقراطي كما يتصوره رجال الفتاوى. في الواقع يجب حقا طرح مسألة استقلال السياسة في العالم الإسلامي و العربي عن طريق حصر المجال الديني في دائرة الشؤون الشخصية و لا ينبغي أن ننسي بأن الرقابة الذاتية أنجع من الرقابة المؤسسة.
- Published
- 2000
32. Pratiques langagières effectives et pratiques postulées en Kabylie
- Author
-
Dourari, Abderrezak
- Subjects
idéologie ,arabización ,tamazight ,ideology ,إيديولوجيا التعريب ,تمازيغ ,Linguistic habits ,نقوش لغوية ,graffiti ,pratiques langagière ,ideología ,socio-lingüística ,graffitis ,sociolinguistique ,arabization graffito ,arabisation ,ممارسات لغوية ,سوسيولسانيات ,prácticas lingüísticas ,sociolinguistics - Abstract
Le concept “pratiques langagières” est galvaudé dans la société algérienne saturée d’idéologie au point où elle ne réalise plus l’importance de la description scientifique froide. La question linguistique, dans une société plurilingue non reconnue comme telle par l’Etat, est fatalement happée par l’idéologie, pour masquer des intérêts idéels et matériels, des positions de pouvoir.Au refus borné de reconnaître tamazight, certains défenseurs de la question amazighe réagissent en lui opposant le rejet de la langue arabe scolaire. Ils confondent ainsi politique linguistique rétrograde (l’arabisation) d’un pouvoir d’Etat à l’ornière serrée et agissant sous l’effet de la haine de soi, et la langue arabe elle-même qui a été le véhicule d’une civilisation brillante et de la pensée rationnelle qu’elle a transmise à l’Occident en passant d’Averroès à Saint Thomas d’Acquin. Nier la réalité demeure donc la chose la mieux partagée par ces acteurs.Les textes de graffitis que nous présentons expriment quant à eux la réalité des pratiques langagières plurielles des locuteurs tamightophones : le français côtoie l’arabe algérien, qui côtoie le kabyle et l’arabe scolaire. Les graphies arabe et latine sont convoquées spontanément pour dessiner ces graffitis - forme de l’expression de contenus discursifs d’une grande portée politique et sociale – qui ont égayé les murs de certaines villes de Tizi-Ouzou et Bejaia. C’était sous le cri de ralliement « ‘ayaw âh ! » ( =Venez donc ! ou Allons y !) et le mot d’ordre contre la « hogra », expressions spécifiquement algériennes, que les attaques étaient menées contre les gendarmeries tenues pour responsables de la mort de 118 jeunes manifestants. C’est par conséquent dans un contexte sérieux que ces expressions ont été recueillies.Nous avons noté, en égard à ce contexte, que l’usage non critique des concepts nés dans des conditions historiques et sociales particulières pourrait mener à des déformations graves de la réalité.Faut-il alors appeler à une épistémologie des théories sociolinguistiques ? A la constitution d’une sociolinguistique algérienne qui ne se confondrait pas avec celle catalane dont l’histoire de la société qui lui a donné naissance se distingue de celle de la société algérienne ? The concept of linguistic practices is disreputed in Algerian society, which is saturated with ideology to the point that it no longer realizes the importance of impersonal scientific description. The linguistic question in a plurilingual society which is not recognized as such, by the state, is inevitably seized by ideology, to conceal people in power’s ideals and materialistic interests.At the stubborn refusal to recognize Tamazight (Berber) language, certain Amazigh defenders react by setting up a rejection to school Arabic. They confound the state power political and linguistic arabization which is in a tight rut, acting under the effect of self hate, with the Arabic language it self, which has been the vehicle for a brilliant civilization and rational thinking, which was transmitted to the occident passing by Averroes to St. Thomas d’Acquin. To deny reality remains thus the thing best shared by these actors.The graffiti texts which we introduce express in so much the reality of the Tamightophone speakers plural linguistic practices ; French in contact with Algerian Arabic, alongside Kabyle and school Arabic. Graphics in Arabic and Latin letters are used spontaneously for these graffitis – a form of expression with a wide range of discursive content having political and social implications, brightening the walls of Tizi-Ouzou and BejaiaIt was with the call to rally “ ’ayaw âh !” ( = Come here ! Or let’s go !) and slogans against “Hogra” (injustice), specifically Algerian expressions, which the attackers used against state police held responsible for 118 young persons’ deaths.Consequently these expressions were collected from a very serious context.We have noted, with regards to this context, the use of non critical concepts born with particular historical and social conditions, could lead to serious distortions of reality.Must we call for an epistemology of sociolinguistic theories ? For Algerian sociolinguistics which won’t confound itself with Catalan, whose social history which gave it birth, distinguishes itself from Algerian society ? El concepto "prácticas Linguisticas" está deteriorado en la sociedad argelina saturado con ideología a tal punto que ya no realiza la importancia de la descripción científica fría. La cuestión lingüística, en una sociedad plurilingual no reconocida como tal por el Estado, es fatalmente fagocitada por la ideología, para cubrir intereses ideales y materiales, posiciones del poder.Ante el rechazo obstinado de reconocer tamazigh, algunos defensores de la cuestión amazigh reaccionan oponiéndola el rechazo de la lengua àrabe escolar.Confunden así política lingüística retrograda (la arabización) de un poder de Estado con el atolladero apretado y actuando bajo el efecto del odio de simismo, y la lengua àrabe, ella misma que fue el vehículo de una civilización espléndida y del pensamiento racional que transmitió al Occidente pasando por Averroès hasta San Tomas de Aquino.Negar la realidad resulta pues la cosa màs compartida por sus actores.Los textos de graffiti que presentamos expresan por si mismos la realidad de las prácticas lingüísticas plurales de los locutores tamightófonos : el francés roza el àrabe argelino, que roza el kabilio y el àrabe escolar. Las grafíás àrabe y latina son convocadas espontáneamente para para dibujar estos graffiti - forma de la expresión de contenidos discursivos de un gran lance político y social - que han dorado las paredes de algunas ciudades de Tizi-ouzou y Bejaia.Era bajo el grito de reunión « ‘ayaw âh ! »( = !Venid pues ! O ! Vámonos !) y la palabra de orden contra la "‘hogra", expresiones específicamente argelinas, que los ataques eran llevado contra los guardias civiles considerados como responsables de la muerte de 118 jóvenes manifestantes.Es por consecuente en contexto serio que estas expresiones han sido recogidas.Hemos notado, con respecto a este contexto, que el uso no crítico de los conceptos nacidos en unas condiciones históricas y sociales particulares podrían llevar a deformaciones graves de la realidad. ¿Hace falta llamar a una epistemología de las teorías sociolingüísticas ? ¿ A la constitución de una sociolingüística argelina que no se confundiría con la catalana cuya historia de la sociedad que le dio nacimiento se distingue con la de la sociedad argelina ? إن الإساءة المفرطة في استعمال مصطلح "الممارسات اللغوية" في الحقل الاجتماعي الجزائري المشبع بالإيديولوجيا، إلى حد لا يمكن معه إدراك أهمية الوصف العلمي الجاف. في مجتمع متعدد اللغات حيث الاعتراف من طرف الدولة بهذه الخاصية غير وارد، فإن المسألة اللغوية تصبح حتما عرضه للاحتواء الإيديولوجي، غايته في ذلك إخفاء المصالح المادية و المعنوية لمواقع سلطوية. و في مواجهة الرفض المتصلب للاعتراف بالتمازيغ، يقف أولئك المدافعون عن المسألة الأمازيغية موقفا رافضا للغة العربية المدرسية. يخلط هؤلاء بين السياسية اللغوية الرجعية (التعريب) التي قامت بها سلطة الدولة المتعودة على المساعي الضيقة و المتصرفة تحت تأثير كراهية الذات، و بين اللغة العربية بذاتها، أي تلك التي نقلت حضارة متألقة و فكرا عقلانيا للغرب انطلاقا من ابن سينا و سان طوما الأكويني. يظل نكران الواقع هو أفضل يشترك فيه هؤلاء وأولئك من الفاعلين. فالنصوص المنقوشة على الجدران التي نقدمها في هذا المقال تعبر عن واقع هذه الممارسات اللغوية المتعددة للناطقين بالتمازيغ : حيث تجاور اللغة الفرنسية اللغة العربية الدراجة، التي ترافق القبائلية و اللغة العربية المدرسية. و يستدعى بعفوية الخط العربي و الخط اللاتيني لنقش هذه النصوص – و هي شكل من أشكال التعبير عن مضامين خطابية ذات بعد سياسي و اجتماعي كبير – لتزيين جدار بعض المدن لولايتي تيزي وزو بجاية. وباعتماد نداء لحشد الجماعات "إيوا آآ" تعالوا إذا أو لنذهب معا !) و كذا شعار مضاد "للحقرة"، و هما تعبيران خاصان بالجزائريين، تمت تنظيم الهجمات على فرق الدرك الوطني التي تعتبر مسؤولة عن مقتل 118 متظاهرا من الشباب. إذا فإن هذه العبارات قد جمعت في ظرف صعب و دقيق وقد سجلنا، بالنظر إلى هذا الظرف، أن الاستعمال غير النقدي للمصطلحات التي نشأت في ظروف تاريخية واجتماعية معينة قد يؤدي إلى تشويه خطير للواقع. هل يجب التوجه نحو إبيستمولوجيا للنظريات السوسيولسانية ؟ أو التوجه نحو تكوين علم سوسيولساني لساني جزائري الذي لا يلتبس بالسوسيو لسانيات الكطالانية التي يختلف تاريخ المجتمع الذي نشأت فيه عن تاريخ المجتمع الجزائري.
- Published
- 2013
33. Discours épistémique, fiction et jugement nationaliste : M. Lacheraf à propos de La Colline Oubliée de M. Mammeri
- Author
-
Abderrezak Dourari
- Subjects
colonialism ,الأشرف ,ficción ,الوطنية ,colonialismo ,percepción ,الحداثة ,Lacheraf ,intellectuel critique ,perception ,modernité ,intelectual critico ,colonialisme ,intelectual comprometido ,التصور ,Mammeri ,intellectual criticism ,modernidad ,المثقف الناقد ,General Medicine ,معمري ,الخيال ,المثقف الملتزم ,nacionalismo ,الاستعمار ,modernity - Abstract
Mostefa Lacheraf et Mouloud Mammeri sont deux intellectuels engagés qui ont marqué leur époque. Leur disparition n'a pas entraîné un épuisement de leurs pensées dynamiques et critiques. La société algérienne a toujours eu mal à son savoir. Si les controverses entre intellectuels sont courantes ailleurs, ici, elles ne constituent pas une tradition. Ainsi, deux intellectuels, Mouloud Mammeri et Mostefa Lacheraf, confrontés à la trame narrative d'un roman, et c'est déjà l'affrontement. On découvre que l'intellectuel moderniste se cache vite derrière le vocabulaire à l'emporte,pièce de la culture populaire. La querelle née dans le contexte historique des années cinquante s’est poursuivie bien longtemps. N’y aurait,il pas là, de la part de ses continuateurs postindépendance, un désir de distinction et de visibilité ? Il s'agit de la querelle sur l'opportunité de l'œuvre romanesque de Mouloud Mammeri, La colline oubliée, et de la publicité dont elle avait jouit à l'époque. Mohamed Chérif Sahli, et Mostefa Lacheraf interpellent Mouloud Mammeri afin qu'il se démarque publiquement du colonialisme qui pouvait tirer profit du succès littéraire de cette parution. Ecrire c'est être. Mais, tout le monde n'avait pas en ce temps la même perception de l’avenir du pays. Il n'est pas fortuit de rappeler que l'idée est la fille des circonstances de sa naissance, qu'une vision est celle du moment de son éclosion et ne peut prétendre à l'éternité. Mustefa Lacheraf and Mouloud Mammeri were two committed intellectuals who marked their period. Their disappearance was followed by a lack of interest for their dynamic reflections and criticisms. The Algerian society has always found it hard to recognize its scholars. If controversies between intellectuals are common elsewhere, here it’s not a tradition. Thus, two intellectuals Lacheraf and Mammeri faced with the narrative plot of a novel, it is already a conflict. We discover that modern intellectuals hide behind the cutting popular cultural vocabulary. The quarrel arising from the 1950’s historical context lasts for a long time .If continued after independence, was not that their desire to distinguish events and make them more conspicuous? It’s a quarrel about the timing of Mameri’s novel “La colline oubliée” and the publicity it benefitted from at that period. Mohamed Cherif Sahli and Mostefa Lacheraf call upon Mouloud Mammeri to break publically from colonialism which could take advantage from this literary success. Writing is existing but everybody does not have the same perception of the country’s future at that time. It is not by chance that we recall the saying that an idea is the daughter of the circumstances at the time of birth, that a vision is that of the moment of blossoming and can’t pretend to be eternal. Mostefa Lacheraf y Mouloud Mammeri son dos intelectuales comprometidos que han marcado su época. Su desaparición no engendró un olvido de sus pensamientos dinámicos y críticos. La sociedad argelina ha sufrido siempre su saber. Si las controversias entre intelectuales son corrientes en otros sitios, aquí no constituyen una tradición. Así, dos intelectuales, Mouloud Mammeri y Mostefa Lacheraf, confrontados a la trama narrativa de una novela, y ya es el enfrentamiento. Descubrimos que el intelectual modernista se esconde pronto detrás del vocabulario incisivo de la cultura popular. La discordia nacida en el contexto histórico de los años cincuenta y se ha proseguido mucho tiempo. ¿No podría haber allí por parte de sus seguidores post independencia, un deseo de distinción y de visibilidad? Se trata de la querella sobre la oportunidad de la obra romanesca de Mouloud Mammeri, La Colline oublié, y de la publicidad que desempeño en la época. Mohamed Chérif Sahli, y Mostefa Lacheraf interpelan a Mouloud Mammeri con el fin de que se distinga públicamente del colonialismo que podía sacar provecho del éxito literario de esta aparición.Escribir es ser. Pero, nadie tenía en aquella época la misma percepción del porvenir del país. No es fortuito recordar que la idea es la hija de las circunstancias de su nacimiento, que una visión es la del momento de su eclosión y no puede pretender a la eternidad. مصطفى لشرف ومولود معمري مثقفان ملتزمان أثّرا في عصرهما حتّى بعد غيابهما، بفضل فكرهما الدينامي و النقدي.و إذا كان الجدل شائعا بين المثقفين في العالم، فإن ذلك في المجتمع الجزائري لا يعد تقليدا. و هكذا يدخل مولود معمري و مصطفى لشرف في المواجهة في إطار سردي محض لرواية، لتقع من ثمة المجابهة.من الواضح أن المثقف المعاصر سريعا ما يتخفى وراء المفردات اللاذعة للثقافة الشعبية. و قد استمر الجدال الناشئ في إطار السياق التاريخي في سنوات الخمسينات لفترة طويلة بعد ذلك لذا فإن السؤال الذي يطرح نفسه هنا هو : أليس ثمّة رغبة في التمييز و الإيضاح من قبل الأشخاص الذين واصلوا المسيرة بعد الاستقلال؟يتعلق الأمر هنا بالخصام حول فرص العمل الروائي الموسوم بـ "الضيعة المنسية" و الشهرة التي حضي بها في تلك الفترة، و من ثمة،يقوم كل من محمد شريف صالحي و مصطفى لشرف باستوقاف مولود معمري حتى يعلن المفارقة مع الاستعمار الذي كان بوسعه أن يستفيد من النجاح الأدبي الباهر لهذا الإصدار.الكتابة هي الوجود، و لكن تصور مستقبل الوطن لم يكن آنذاك هو ذاته عند جميع الناس.و ليس من باب الصدفة التذكير بأن الفكرة هي وليدة ظروف نشأتها، و أن التصور هو وليد لحظة انبعاثه، و لا يمكنه أن يدعي الخلود.
- Published
- 2013
34. Algérianité et spécificité chez Slimane Azem à travers la chanson lful D ibawen : l’art de dire la même chose autrement, et en prendre ombrage
- Author
-
Dourari, Abderrezak, primary
- Published
- 2013
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
35. La présence des langues de moindre diffusion sur le web Numérisations, normes et recherches
- Author
-
Dourari, Abderrezak, primary, Ould-Braham, Ouahmi, additional, and Saleh, Imad, additional
- Published
- 2012
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
36. Discours épistémique, fiction et jugement nationaliste : M. Lacheraf à propos de La Colline Oubliée de M. Mammeri
- Author
-
Dourari, Abderrezak, primary
- Published
- 2010
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
37. Pratiques langagières effectives et pratiques postulées en Kabylie
- Author
-
Dourari, Abderrezak, primary
- Published
- 2002
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
38. De la laïcité en Islam selon Mohammad Abid Al-Jâbirî
- Author
-
Dourari, Abderrezak, primary
- Published
- 2000
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
39. Les enjeux didactiques de la formation initiale et continue des enseignants d'anglais L2 en contexte algérien : entre objectifs institutionnels et attentes des enseignants
- Author
-
BENABED, Ammar, Deyrich, Marie-Christine, Dourari, Abderrezak, Petit, Michel, Cazade, Alain, and Jorro, Anne
- Subjects
Didactique ,Pédagogie ,Formation initial ,Conscientisation ,Praticien réflexif ,Interculturel ,Compétences professionnelles ,Compétence ,Formation continue ,Approche par compétences
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