Search

A 53-year-old male patient had extensive traumatic damage to the right lower limb in a car accident that happened 17 years ago, which subsequently led to a large amputation at the hip level. Later, adduction contracture in the right hip joint with a complex regional pain syndrome developed. Due to the ineffectiveness of various methods of conservative treatment, it was decided to perform right-sided lumbar sympathectomy. Ten days later, the patient was discharged for outpatient treatment. The result of the operation was a complete relief of pain syndrome both in the early postoperative and in the long-term periods of time. Despite the large number of types of conservative therapy in modern clinical practice, none of them is perfect. Doctors decide to operate less often, trying to minimize the intervention. However, therapeutic effects are not always possible as monotherapy, often requiring additional treatments. Due to the wide development and distribution of medical products, doctors often neglect or forget about such a method as lumbar sympathectomy. Therefore, the problem of complex regional pain syndrome remains relevant today.

The analysis of data obtained under studying scientific, technical and normative literature in the area of applying efficient concretes, in particular, fiber-reinforced concrete, in the world and national tunnel construction is presented herein. The European regulatory documents, standard metrologically certified methods and procedures for analyzing and testing, laboratory test equipment and measuring instruments are indicated. Steel fiber concrete studies was explored at the Scientific and Educational Center for Innovative Technologies of the Architectural and Construction Institute of the Ufa State Petroleum Technical University. Prism bending tests were made with different fiber content. In addition to laboratory tests, other tests were made in accordance with the Russian standards, where the prisms are tested without a notch. The correlation between the slope of the load-to-displacement curve of the crack mouth (CMOD - Crack Mouth Opening Displacement) and the length of the crack was used in the course of the study. The fiber content enabling to get an average residual bending strength of at least 1.5 MPa at 0.5 CMOD (equivalent to 0.47 mm center deviation) and an average residual bending strength of at least 1 MPa at 3.5 mm CMOD (equivalent to 3.02 mm of center deviation) is found. Statistical distributions of the Grubbs tests are analyzed by methods of statistical modeling. The regulatory framework for fiber concrete is not currently well developed in the Russian Federation, thereby reducing greatly the application of new generation concretes meeting the current knowledge. The application of fiber concrete in tunnel construction will prove to be economically justified and the areas of applying effective materials are to be developed in future with the wide participation of scientific, design, production, construction and other specialized organizations, as well as educational and training centers.

The testing of gas-turbine units of ground applications and their control systems is discussed. Today, such units are often based on refurbished commercial air-engines. It is offered to include a subsystem for computer simulation of gas-turbine units in the traditional scheme of tests taking into account characteristics of ground loading. The paper offers to supplement the traditional testing system with a simulation subsystem allowing for terrestrial load characteristics.

Introduction. The research area of “natural calculation” is now widely used for the solution to optimization NP-complete problems including combinatorial tasks of cryptanalysis. A quick overview of the publications devoted to the application of the natural (bioinspired) methods for cryptanalysis is provided. The main work objective is to investigate a possibility of applying bee colony algorithms to the realization of block cipher cryptanalysis. Materials and Methods . The known bee colony techniques belonging to a relatively new class of the bioinspired optimization methods that simulate the processes occurring in wildlife are applied to solve this optimization problem. The description and the block diagram of the bee colony algorithm for the solution to a cryptanalysis task are provided; basic operations performed in parallel at the global level are noted. In the following, a set of independent operators allowing for the concurrent execution is defined. For this purpose, information-logical flowgraphs of the algorithm with the input control and information links are built, as well as matrices of succession, logical incompatibility, and independence are formed. This matrix of independence allows the definition of a set of algorithm operators admitting parallel execution. At that, the dimensionality of the maximal internally stable sets defines the maximum number of the processors used for the algorithm implementation. Research Results . Theoretical estimates of time complexity of the bee colony algorithm are given as the key data. Besides, the problem solution is provided: to find the required smallest number of processors of the homogeneous parallel computing systems with distributed memory, and a uniform plan for the implementation of operators for them, for the cryptanalysis algorithm based on the constructed information-logical graph data-logical graph, and for the preset time. The assessment of the wanted smallest number of processors for the cryptanalysis algorithm implementation, and the evaluation of the total time of the algorithm realization are given. Discussion and Conclusions. The basic research results are: the development of the bee colony algorithm used for the cryptanalysis task solution; the description of its flowchart and the principal par-allel executed stages; the construction of a matrix of independence; the evaluation of the number of processors for the algorithm imple-mentation. It should be noted (and it was observed in the previous works) that the distinctive feature of applying the bioinspired meth-ods of cryptanalysis is the applicability of the encryption-decryption algorithm as a criterion function for the evaluation of the key ac-ceptability defined by the bioinspired method operations. Thus, it can be affirmed that when using the bioinspired methods, the secret key definition process depends not so much on the complexity of the encryption transformations, as on the bioinspired method itself which should provide a sufficient diversity of the key generation

Despite the observed trend of a ubiquitous transition to continuously operating apparatuses, the specificity of the production technology of many microbiological products retains the advisability of using batch apparatuses. As an example, we mention the cooled bioreactors and yeast concentrate collectors used in the production of baker’s yeast. The work considers the problem of the mathematical description of unsteady recuperative heat transfer in a batch capacitive apparatus (bioreactor) with a product distributor on a heat transfer surface during countercurrent movement of coolants with a filling level of the apparatus changing during the process. The problem is formulated by partial differential equations (in coordinate and time) with a moving boundary between sections with different heat transfer conditions. When formulating the problem, simplifying assumptions and boundary conditions were adopted. The mathematical problem posed is solved using the Laplace transforms. The mathematical description of recuperative heat transfer in bioreactors during the filling of the apparatus showed that with countercurrent movement of heat transfer liquids and coolants, the apparatus has an advantage in terms of the main indicator - heat transfer capacity and has a higher energy efficiency. The performed calculations make it possible to choose the apparatus design correctly and determine the rational thermal regime of its operation regarding related technological operations.

The article is devoted to the study of the process of obtaining biogas by anaerobic fermentation of biomass of various origins. The main advantage of the suggested theory is the possibility of utilizing organic waste with a complex morphology and of changeable composition. The developed method of bioconversion of organic waste presented a high ecological and economical efficiency. The article presents some data concerning the anaerobic fermentation substrate characteristics, and the description and working principle of the experimental unit.

The combination of several physical and chemical processes for cleaning flue gas in a single hightemperature filter is a promising technology. The effect of catalytic phoresis on solid-particle collection efficiency is evaluated. A three-level mathematical model describing sedimentation of the catalytic coating on autofilter layers and the filter base layer is presented. Calculation of the filtering of highly dispersed particles with a working catalyst using the proposed model allows the best modes of filtering devices and their design and operating parameters to be chosen.

A possible thermal process for disposal of wastes from the brewing and sugar industries was studied. Information on the yields of secondary pyrolysis products (pyrogas, pyroliquid, solid residue) as a function of changes in the processing parameters was obtained. Pyrogas consisting of H2, CO, CO2, CH4, and saturated and unsaturated C2–C5 fractions had a heat of combustion of 1.79 and 1.65 MJ/m3 for spent grain and sugar-beet pulp, respectively. A universal unit allowing any type of waste with various quantities of added hydrocarbon waste to be processed was developed.

Improvement of technology and engineering aimed at the use of secondary raw material is an important task. One of the most important operations in the preparation of raw materials for mixed feeds is fine grinding. In this regard, the article discusses the grinding equipment allowing to obtain raw materials of higher quality with the lower energy consumption. Methods and diagnostic tools were proposed, the principle of determining the locations (points) of installation of vibration measurement sensors as well as the choice of the vibration signal analysis method were considered. Investigation of the state of the disintegrator working bodies was carried out in the workshop of LLC PСF "Luch 2000". The object of study is a disintegrator with rotors diameter of 350 mm, each of them having two rows of pins. The result of the experiment revealed that during the operation the working bodies of grinding machines are exposed to uneven wear and under the action of multicycle load micro-cracks and fatigue fractures occur. The method of spectral analysis revealed the appearance of harmonics with large vibration at a frequency of 126 Hz, as well as multiple frequencies, allowing a high degre e of probability to determine not only the actual state of the working bodies, but also to predict the defect development trend. Based on the analysis of the spectra, the decision on further time operation of the equipment is made, which significantly reduces the probability of an emergency stop of equipment and expensive repairs. The research data will be relevant when using vibration diagnostics tools in enterprises, as well as in the design, construction and choice of materials for grinding equipment.

The shortcomings of common equipment for utilization of phosphogypsum when processing it into semi-aqueous gypsum have been analyzed. Specific energy consumption per ton of produced construction gypsum in different equipment is shown. Calcination duration is compared. The reasons for the uncompetitivity of the process of production of construction gypsum compared to the production of natural gypsum stone are analyzed. Two problems are considered. The first - common equipment for burning construction gypsum is energy-intensive. The second is the established practice of washing impurities in phosphogypsum with water. At the same time, energy consumption increases several times due to the need for energy consumption for moisture evaporation. It is theoretically reasonable to carry out the firing in a suspended state. The firing time is a few seconds. The experimental studies show the possibility of producing construction gypsum by firing in a suspended state.

Feasibility of genetic search algorithms application for implementation of the cryptanalysis of block cipher methods is considered. A distinctive feature of the bioinspired cryptanalysis methods application (in particular, genetic methods) is the possibility of using the encryption (or decryption) algorithm as an objective function for the suitability evaluation of the key defined by genetic operations. Consequently, when using the bioinspired cryptanalysis methods, the S key definition (for example, when using type 2 cryptanalysis) depends not so much on the complexity of the ciphering transformations, as on the bioinspired method which is to provide a sufficient variety of key generation that shows the significance of the research task of the bioinspired algorithms feasibility (in particular, genetic search methods) for the block cryptosystem cryptanalysis. It is noted also that as the distinctive feature of both block cipher methods, and the genetic algorithms is their internal parallelism, then the task of developing a cryptanalysis algorithm based on the parallel implementation of the constituent stages is relevant. An algorithm of the block methods cryptanalysis on the example of the DES standard on the basis of its parallel version is offered; the experiment results of the quasioptimal key determination obtained at the parallel algorithm implementation on the 8-letter text blocks are given. It is noted that time costs of the algorithm realization do not exceed the time of the known cryptanalysis implementation.

The currently used system of preventive maintenance is not effective enough. Vibration diagnostics is one of the modern methods of non-destructive testing equipment components, allowing to define the appearance of defects in the early stages. The paper identifies the main areas of research, as well as selected research object, selected non-destructive testing method for efficiently determining the actual state of dynamically operating equipment. Is a schematic of vibration sensors. Measuring point vibration parameters were determined experimentally based on the conditions for obtaining the most informative vibroacoustic signal. Determine the behavior of the cutter under which minimizes the occurrence of a wide range of fluctuations that affects the accuracy of the measurements. For vibration analysis method was chosen direct spectral analysis, which involves the detection of repetitive vibrations. Presented graphically vibration spectra and spectra of vibration signals. Analysis of a wide range of vibration spectrum allowed to allocate land on which showed a significant increase in the values of vibration. Processing of the selected portion of the spectrum has led to the conclusion that in the bearing, shock pulses are in contact with each rolling body shell, and as a result, a number of harmonics in the individual frequencies. Was made a comparative analysis of the spectra of working with a defective bearing bearing on the same frequencies and determine the average increase in the values of vibration. Spectral analysis is an effective method to determine not only the extent of the defect and its location, but also allows you to effectively predict its development. The results may be useful for specialists involved in vibration diagnostics, calculation and design of rotary machines.

Modeling of flour mixtures for bakery products of increased biological value is done. The problem is solved by a simplex method with an artificial basis related to numerical optimization methods for solving linear programming problems. A mathematical model of the composition of a polycomponent flour mixture has been constructed. The model is taking into account the minimal amount of essential amino acids. An automated scientific research system for modeling the composition of flour mixtures with specified functional characteristics was developed and implemented. The composition of flour mixes for bakery products has been optimized according to the target values of the amino acid score and biological value. Application of the developed software package allows creating prescription compounds for rye-wheat bread with a 6.12-17.66% higher biological value than traditional bakery products.

The article presents research of network energy management systems in buildings and constructions that show the possibility of use the Ethernet networks. The platform and aids implementation monitoring and energy management are chosen, database structure a high level of abstraction and a generalized block diagram are proposed.

In the article the mathematical modeling of the processes of heating and cooling of sausage products in order to define reference characteristics of the processes was carried out. Basic regularities of the processes are graphically shown.

Performed scientific work is directed on creation of technological bases of collection and recycling of waste in place waste generation using the method of anaerobic digestion and receiving socio-economic, ecological and agro-technical effect.

The article presents method and construction of vacuum freeze driers for dehydration of liquid and paste thermoliable products.

Process of sorption of iodine on the collagenic carrier is studied. Duration of binding and optimum amount of iodide of potassium, sorption capacity of the preparation PROMIL C95 respect of Iis determined.

The article describes the influence of technical diagnostics for resource conservation of food industry enterprises.

Formation of requirements and the development of the software architecture of a universal system thermal imaging diagnostics. Description of the basic algorithms of the system.

Development of physical and logical models of the universal system of thermal imaging. Description of the entities and specific requirements to the database management system by the software complex.

The article presents data on the study of alimentary correcting properties of the functional iodine fortified meat products.

In 1850, Marx and Engels had declared that the battle cry of the workers must be 'The Permanent Revolution'. In his commentary on the Iskra draft programme, David Borisovich Gol'dendakh (Ryazanov) concluded the work which he had translated with a similar call for 'revolution in permanentia'. Ryazanov's commentary on The Draft Programme of 'Iskra' and the Tasks of Russian Social Democrats provides unique insight into the principles at stake in early party debates. Addressing the issue of Russia's 'exceptionality', Ryazan was the first Marxist to translate the burden of 'backwardness' into the historical possibility of permanent revolution. This insight alone earns him a place alongside Leon Trotsky as one of the outstanding visionaries of the first Russian revolution. The author assumes that the Russian revolution will remain an isolated event that will not extend beyond the limits of the Russian Empire. Keywords: Iskra draft programme; Leon Trotsky; Marxist; Russian revolution; Russian Social Democrats; Ryazanov

Ryazanov's major concern was that the tsarist government, having made peace with its external enemy, would now have a free hand to settle accounts with its only real domestic enemy, the revolutionary workers. Defending the strategy of permanent revolution, Ryazanov avoided naming Plekhanov and Lenin for the sake of preserving an appearance of Social-Democratic unity, but he tacitly criticised them both: Plekhanov for assuming that Russian liberals would somehow marginalise the tsar once an 'elected' state Duma was in place; and Lenin for advocating an armed insurrection on the assumption of support from the 'people' at large. Ryazanov argued that only the revolutionary workers were capable of waging a consistent struggle, and success would depend above all on overcoming fratricidal divisions within Social Democracy between the Menshevik and Bolshevik factions. Keywords: bourgeoisie democracy; permanent revolution; Russian absolutism; social-democratic unity; State Duma

A thermodynamic calculation of the equilibrium composition of the gas phase Ga-As-Sn-Cl-H system was carried out. An estimate of the impurity composition of adsorbate layers was made. A study of the electrophysical and photoluminescent properties of tin-doped GaAs epitaxial layers was conducted. From a comparison of the calculated and experimental data, it follows that the dependence of trapping mechanisms for tin on the conditions of epitaxial growth corresponds to changes in the gas phase and adsorbate layer compositions. A mechanism is proposed in which the introduction of impurities into the layers in elemental and complex forms occurs due to capture of atomic and diatomic tin adsorbed on the surface.