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Herbal medicines, or phytochemicals can treat various neurological disorders, and is actually preferred over synthetic drugs due to their lower cost, negligible side effects, easy availability and therapeutic efficiency. This article lists a total of 13 plant extracts, 27 plant derived natural compounds and 3 herbal formulations that were found to therapeutically cure Huntington's Disease, mainly by eliminating the toxic mHtt proteins(the product of the mutant gene responsible for HD). The various plant compounds, fractions, extracts and herbal formulations were summarized from popular scientific search engines and then analyzed on the basis of their source and bioactivity. To understand the behavioral, biochemical and morphological changes caused by HD, experimental models like 3-NP and transgenic animal models like rats, mice, Drosophila and Caenorhaditis elegans were used. Plants such as Bacopa monnieri, Celastrus paniculatus, Centella asiatica, Gastrodia elata, Panax ginseng, and Withania somnifera are some examples that possess anti-HD properties. Some examples of promising plant compounds possessing similar properties are fisetin, curcumin, hesperidin, trehalose, onjisaponin B, sesamol, resveratrol, kaempferol and melatonin. Herbal formulations discussed here are B307, CLMT and YGS. These are proved to be more beneficial than single herbs because they can regulate more targets. However, detailed study and further research should be conducted to determine the therapeutic efficacy of herbal extracts and compounds in HD models. © 2022 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.

In this review we discussed the role of mycorrhiza in organic farming. How mycorrhizal association, will help to improve and encouraging the idea of organic farming. How mycorrhizal association help the plants to grow and yield better without applying of chemical fertilizers and following the conventional farming practices. We discussed how AMF help plant to uptake nutrients, releasing chemicals which help plants to grow proper, developing resistance against weeds, pest and other microbes.

Food security is directly related to the ability of the land to support the population. Causes for land degradation are numerous and include the decline of soil fertility, development of acidity, salinization, alkalization, deterioration of soil structure, accelerated wind and water erosion, loss of organic matter and biodiversity. Thereafter, it is of critical importance to increase soil health and restore degraded soils in order to achieve sustainable development. Restoring the soil quality for crop production through the appropriate soil management and conservation techniques is important for all nations, primarily those at risk with respect to food security. Soil organic matter (SOM) plays a central role in maintaining soil functions and preventing soil degradation. Both organic matter and microorganism serve as a reservoir of plant nutrients. This study concluded that soil organic carbon and other mineral and nutrients restoration were noted with the soil modification and incorporation of various organic amendments. Plant residues and field biomass were promising for nutrients replenishment while biochar was the key component for the enrichment of soil organic carbon. Animal-based residues and manure application enhanced soil mineral and micronutrients concentration with the advantage of soil reclamation and restoration.

The review is focused on management of macronutrients for cultivating Soybean. Soybean is an important crop in the world because the only reliable plant-based source of complete protein, comparable to meat and eggs, is from soya protein. Soybean yield is crucial for meeting protein malnutrition and edible oil needs.. The wide variation inRhizobialcell counts and nodule mass in beans are likely related to variation is Physico-chemical conditions of the soil.

The core findings of this study revealed that physicochemical properties fluctuate with soil texture and soil class. Sandy soil showed inconsistent variation with geographical directions. Bulk density, lime content, EC and pH decreases with topography and soil elevation while these parameters increased from surface to subsurface soil within a profile. Nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium and micronutrient increased with increase in elevation. All these parameters decreased from surface to subsurface soil. Water holding capacity and saturation percentage increased with increase in elevation, while decreased from surface to subsurface soil. Based on the critical level of phosphorus, the altitude was low in available P and available P was quite low than the crop requirements and so they will be classified as phosphorus-deficient soils.

The present review was focused on the isolation and nitrogen-fixing efficiency of Gluconacetobacter diazotrophicus associated with sugarcane crop. Gluconacetobacter diazotrophicus has a long-standing partnership with the bacterium Escherichia coli as an entophyte, which can efficiently fix atmospheric nitrogen. It plays a significant role and occurs in most sugarcane growing countries. It has been found to reside in the sugar cane root, stem, buds and leaves. Biological nitrogen fixation based farming systems would enhance agricultural production in the long term in both economically viable and socially acceptable way. This process not only replaces the most expensive fertilizer but also reduces considerably groundwater pollution with nitrates because biological nitrogen fixation was self-regulated. Convincing evidence has pointed out that biological nitrogen fixation requiring a relatively simple and low-cost technology, easy to execute and largely renewable sources of energy has a tremendous role to play in the immediate further of agriculture, especially in the developing and underdeveloped countries.