1,062 results on '"AUTOMATIQUE"'
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2. Introduction aux éléments de contrôle / supervision d'une installation industrielle moderne à base de matériel et logiciels ouverts.
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Chevrie, Jason, Lardenois, Nicolas, and Vermeiren, Laurent
- Abstract
Copyright of J3eA is the property of EDP Sciences and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
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- 2023
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3. Life tables in entomology: A discussion on tables’ parameters and the importance of raw data
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Rossini, Luca, Contarini, Mario, Speranza, Stefano, Mermer, Serhan, Walton, Vaughn, Francis, Frédéric, Garone, Emanuele, Rossini, Luca, Contarini, Mario, Speranza, Stefano, Mermer, Serhan, Walton, Vaughn, Francis, Frédéric, and Garone, Emanuele
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Life tables are one of the most common tools to describe the biology of insect species and their response to environmental conditions. Although the benefits of life tables are beyond question, we raise some doubts about the completeness of the information reported in life tables. To substantiate these doubts, we consider a case study (Corcyra cephalonica) for which the raw dataset is available. The data suggest that the Gaussian approximation of the development times which is implied by the average and standard error usually reported in life tables does not describe reliably the actual distribution of the data which can be misleading and hide interesting biological aspects. Furthermore, it can be risky when life table data are used to build models to predict the demographic changes of the population. The present study highlights this aspect by comparing the impulse response generated by the raw data and by its Gaussian approximation based on the mean and the standard error. The conclusions of this paper highlight: i) the importance of adding more information to life tables and, ii) the role of raw data to ensure the completeness of this kind of studies. Given the importance of raw data, we also point out the need for further developments of a standard in the community for sharing and analysing data of life tables experiments., SCOPUS: ar.j, info:eu-repo/semantics/published
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- 2024
4. An Open-Source UAV Platform for Swarm Robotics Research: Using Cooperative Sensor Fusion for Inter-Robot Tracking
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Oguz, Sinan, Heinrich, Mary Katherine, Allwright, Michael, Zhu, Weixu, Wahby, Mostafa, Garone, Emanuele, Dorigo, Marco, Oguz, Sinan, Heinrich, Mary Katherine, Allwright, Michael, Zhu, Weixu, Wahby, Mostafa, Garone, Emanuele, and Dorigo, Marco
- Abstract
In this work, we present an open-source unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV) platform for research in swarm robotics. In swarm robotics, groups of robots collaborate using local interactions and collectively solve tasks beyond an individual robot's capabilities. Individual robots must have onboard processing, communication, and sensing capabilities to autonomously react to their neighbors and immediate environment. Most research involving UAVs in swarm robotics presents only simulation results, while key landmark studies with real UAV swarms have used UAV platforms that were custom-built for the respective study. One important reason for this is that no commercial UAV platform comes pre-equipped with the ability to identify and track the positions and poses of nearby drones using only onboard sensors and computation, and in research platforms, the relevant sensing technologies are currently under development. Our aim is to provide a platform that allows swarm robotics researchers to test their algorithms on real UAVs, without having to develop their own custom-built UAVs or to wait until more advanced sensing technology is ready off-the-shelf. We provide a well-documented, entirely open-source UAV platform - S-drone (Swarm-drone) - to foster and support UAV swarm research in a laboratory environment. The S-drone uses fiducial markers in the environment and cooperative feature-level sensor fusion for inter-robot tracking to track the presence, identity, relative 2D position, and relative 2D orientation of neighboring peers. The S-drone is suitable for a wide range of contexts, supports quad-camera vision-based navigation and a variety of onboard sensing, and is extensible. It is especially suited for swarm robotics research because it can operate using strictly onboard processing and sensing without the need for global positioning systems, motion capture systems, or ground stations for off-board sensing., SCOPUS: ar.j, info:eu-repo/semantics/published
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- 2024
5. A constrained control framework for unmanned aerial vehicles based on Explicit Reference Governor
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Tartaglione, Gaetano, Nicotra, Marco, Naldi, Roberto, Garone, Emanuele, Tartaglione, Gaetano, Nicotra, Marco, Naldi, Roberto, and Garone, Emanuele
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This paper tackles the constrained control problem of unmanned aerial vehicles with planar multirotors. The proposed solution splits the constrained control problem into two separate tasks, i.e. stabilization and constraint enforcement. It is shown that the problems addressed by each individual layer is much simpler than the original combined problem. For the unconstrained control of UAVs we consider a control scheme based on a cascade structure. The Lyapunov function for the stabilized cascaded system is then derived. Using this Lyapunov function, we develop an Explicit Reference Governor for constraint enforcement. Numerical simulation shows the effectiveness of the proposed approach., SCOPUS: ar.j, info:eu-repo/semantics/published
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- 2024
6. Computation of maximal output admissible sets for linear systems with polynomial constraints
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Cotorruelo Jiménez, Andrés, Garone, Emanuele, Kolmanovsky, Ilya, Ramirez, Daniel R., Limon, Daniel, Cotorruelo Jiménez, Andrés, Garone, Emanuele, Kolmanovsky, Ilya, Ramirez, Daniel R., and Limon, Daniel
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info:eu-repo/semantics/published
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- 2023
7. Thermal Limits During Fast Charge of Li-Ion Batteries: An Aging Experimental Evaluation
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Goldar Davila, Alejandro, Romero, Alberto, Garone, Emanuele, Goldar Davila, Alejandro, Romero, Alberto, and Garone, Emanuele
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info:eu-repo/semantics/published
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- 2023
8. Constrained Control Scheme for the Manipulation of Heavy Pre-fabricated Elements with Lightweight Robotic Arm
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Ambrosino, Michele, Boucher, F, Mengeot, Philippe, Garone, Emanuele, Ambrosino, Michele, Boucher, F, Mengeot, Philippe, and Garone, Emanuele
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info:eu-repo/semantics/published
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- 2023
9. Explicit reference governor on SO (3) for torque and pointing constraint management
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Nakano, Satoshi, Nguyen, Tâm Willy, Garone, Emanuele, Ibuki, Tatsuya, Sampei, Mitsuji, Nakano, Satoshi, Nguyen, Tâm Willy, Garone, Emanuele, Ibuki, Tatsuya, and Sampei, Mitsuji
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info:eu-repo/semantics/published
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- 2023
10. Self-reconfigurable hierarchical frameworks for formation control of robot swarms.
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Zhang, Yaojun, Oguz, Sinan, Wang, Shichen, Garone, Emanuele, Wang, Xiaojing, Dorigo, Marco, Heinrich, Mary Katherine, Zhang, Yaojun, Oguz, Sinan, Wang, Shichen, Garone, Emanuele, Wang, Xiaojing, Dorigo, Marco, and Heinrich, Mary Katherine
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Hierarchical frameworks - a special class of directed frameworks with a layer-by-layer architecture - can be an effective mechanism to coordinate robot swarms. Their effectiveness was recently demonstrated by the mergeable nervous systems paradigm (Mathews et al. 2017), in which a robot swarm can switch dynamically between distributed and centralized control depending on the task, using self-organized hierarchical frameworks. New theoretical foundations are required to use this paradigm for formation control of large swarms. In particular, the systematic and mathematically analyzable organization and reorganization of hierarchical frameworks in a robot swarm is still an open problem. Although methods for framework construction and formation maintenance via rigidity theory exist in the literature, they do not address cases of hierarchy in a robot swarm. In this article, we extend bearing rigidity to directed topologies and extend the Henneberg constructions to generate self-organized hierarchical frameworks with bearing rigidity. We investigate three-key self-reconfiguration problems: 1) framework merging; 2) robot departure; and 3) framework splitting. We also derive the mathematical conditions of these problems and then develop algorithms that preserve rigidity and hierarchy using only local information. Our approach can be used for formation control generally, as in principle it can be coupled with any control law that makes use of bearing rigidity. To demonstrate and validate our proposed hierarchical frameworks and methods, we apply them to four scenarios of reactive formation control using an example control law., SCOPUS: ar.j, info:eu-repo/semantics/published
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- 2023
11. An autonomous spraying robot architecture for sucker management in large‐scale hazelnut orchards.
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Lippi, Martina, Santilli, Matteo, Fabrizio Carpio, Renzo, Maiolini, Jacopo, Garone, Emanuele, Cristofori, Valerio, Gasparri, Andrea, Lippi, Martina, Santilli, Matteo, Fabrizio Carpio, Renzo, Maiolini, Jacopo, Garone, Emanuele, Cristofori, Valerio, and Gasparri, Andrea
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info:eu-repo/semantics/published
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- 2023
12. Testing and Preemptive Quarantine for the Control of Epidemics
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Pezzutto, Matthias, Benhamouche, Ouassim, Rossello, Nicolas Bono, Garone, Emanuele, Pezzutto, Matthias, Benhamouche, Ouassim, Rossello, Nicolas Bono, and Garone, Emanuele
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info:eu-repo/semantics/published
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- 2023
13. Implementation of a Heterogeneous Multi-Robot System for a Construction Task
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Asani, Zemerart, Ambrosino, Michele, Vanderborght, Bram, Garone, Emanuele, Asani, Zemerart, Ambrosino, Michele, Vanderborght, Bram, and Garone, Emanuele
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info:eu-repo/semantics/published
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- 2023
14. Full-Scale Prototype for Bricklaying Activity
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Ambrosino, Michele, Boucher, Fabian, Mengeot, Pierre, Garone, Emanuele, Ambrosino, Michele, Boucher, Fabian, Mengeot, Pierre, and Garone, Emanuele
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A major challenge for construction robotization concerns the use of robots for building activities on site. Several innovative ideas have been tried out in recent years. One of these is the idea of a mechanical mason to make the construction of walls as automated as possible. However, most of the solutions proposed so far have not gone beyond the prototype stage. In this work, we propose a new idea of a multi-robot system able to build walls with large and heavy blocks. After a detailed analysis of the current manual masonry process, the proposed mechanical design is analyzed. To test the feasibility of this innovative approach, a full-scale demonstrator and the entire control algorithm are presented and explained in detail. Experimental results show the efficiency of the proposed multi-robotic system., SCOPUS: cp.p, info:eu-repo/semantics/published
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- 2023
15. Towards pest outbreak predictions: Are models supported by field monitoring the new hope?
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Rossello, Nicolas Bono, Rossini, Luca, Speranza, Stefano, Garone, Emanuele, Rossello, Nicolas Bono, Rossini, Luca, Speranza, Stefano, and Garone, Emanuele
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Physiologically-based models are the core of Decision Support Systems (DSS) for insect pest and disease control in cultivated fields. However, the large-scale use of DSS remains scarce and limited, despite the continuous update and formulation of new models by the literature. The main reason behind this lack of real-world use relates to the purely descriptive approach of these models, which are usually validated a posteriori. The major limiting factors that preclude the use of these tools for prediction purposes are their dependence on time zero and initial abundance to start the simulations. In this study, we present a theoretical framework that includes field monitoring data as an active part of a pest population density model simulation, which helps to overcome these obstacles. More specifically, we propose the application of an estimator scheme in the form of an Extended Kalman Filter (EKF) to a revised physiologically-based model from the literature. In the paper, we carry out a preliminary test of the theoretical framework applied to the case of Drosophila suzukii. This case study shows that the dependence of the simulations on the initial conditions and time zero is strongly reduced by using the EKF. Overall, the outcome of this research indicates that an estimator scheme is a necessary step to move from description to prediction in the pest population modelling field., SCOPUS: ar.j, info:eu-repo/semantics/published
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- 2023
16. Zero Velocity Detection Without Motion Pre-Classification: Uniform AI Model for All Pedestrian Motions (UMAM)
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Yacouba Kone, Ni Zhu, Valérie Renaudin, Géolocalisation (AME-GEOLOC), and Université Gustave Eiffel
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Computer science ,ZERO-VELOCITY DETECTION ,LEGGED LOCOMOTION ,01 natural sciences ,Field (computer science) ,EXTRACTION DE CARACTERISTIQUES ,[SPI]Engineering Sciences [physics] ,Velocity Moments ,ZERO VELOCITY UPDATE ,SENSORS ,UNITE DE MESURE INERTIELLE (IMU) ,Instrumentation ,CHAUSSURES ,ESSAI EN MILIEU OUVERT ,Detector ,Zero (complex analysis) ,LOCOMOTION SUR PIED ,UNITE DE MESURE ,PEDESTRIAN NAVIGATION ,SITES D&apos ,NAVIGATION ,MACHINE LEARNING ,Algorithm ,OPEN AREA TEST SITES ,FEATURE EXTRACTION ,FOOT ,CAPTEURS ,ESSAI ,Computation ,AUTOMATIQUE ,DETECTION DE LA VITESSE NULLE ,INERTIAL SENSORS ,APPRENTISSAGE ,FOOTWEAR ,DISPOSITIFS DE POSITIONNEMENT MONTES SUR LE PIED ,PIETON ,Set (abstract data type) ,MISE A JOUR DE LA VITESSE NULLE ,Inertial measurement unit ,NAVIGATION PEDESTRE ,PIED ,CAPTEUR ,Electrical and Electronic Engineering ,CAPTEURS INERTIELS ,APPRENTISSAGE AUTOMATIQUE ,Propagation of uncertainty ,FOOT-MOUNTED POSITIONING DEVICES ,NAVIGATION INERTIELLE ,010401 analytical chemistry ,CAPTEUR INERTIEL ,0104 chemical sciences ,INERTIAL MEASUREMENT UNIT (IMU) - Abstract
Foot-mounted positioning devices are becoming more and more popular in the different application field. For example, inertial sensors are now embedded in safety shoes to monitor security. They allow positioning with zero velocity update to bound the error growth of foot-mounted inertial sensors. High positioning accuracy depends on robust zero velocity detector (ZVD). Existing Artificial Intelligent (AI)-based methods classify the pedestrian dynamics to adjust ZVD at the cost of high computation costs and error propagation from miss-classification. We propose a machine learning model to detect zero velocity moments without any pre-classification step, named Uniform AI Model for All pedestrian Motions (UMAM). Performance is evaluated by benchmarking on two new subjects of opposite gender and different size, not included in the training data set, over complex indoor/outdoor paths of 2 km for subject 1 and 2.1 km for subject 2. We obtain an average 2D loop closure error of less than 0.37%.
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- 2022
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17. Méthodes implicites de Lyapunov pour l'analyse et la synthèse de systèmes superexponentiellement stables
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Nekhoroshikh, A. (Artem), Wilfrid PERRUQUETTI, Igor Furtat, and Finite-time control and estimation for distributed systems [VALSE]
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Automatic control ,Stability AMS subject classifications 35K35 ,Automatique Génie Informatique Traitement du Signal et des Images ,Automatique - Abstract
L’un des indices de performance les plus importants pour un système de contrôle automatiqueest la vitesse de réponse, qui correspond au temps mis par le système pour répondre à une entréedonnée ou à une perturbation externe. L’obtention d’une réponse rapide est un problème d’ingénieriedifficile, pour la solution duquel diverses méthodes de conception d’une commande automatique sontdéveloppées. Par exemple, dans le cas le plus simple, le temps d’établissement d’un système de contrôlepeut être réduit en augmentant de manière appropriée les gains de rétroaction d’un contrôleur statiquelinéaire. Cependant, l’augmentation de la vitesse de réponse de cette manière conduit à des oscillationstransitoires d’une amplitude considérable, voire à la perte de stabilité dans le cas de systèmes à retard. Une autre façon d’obtenir les performances requises consiste à concevoir un système de contrôlenon linéaire. Par rapport à leurs homologues linéaires, les contrôleurs non linéaires permettent nonseulement d’accélérer considérablement la vitesse de réponse mais aussi de garantir la décroissance entemps fini des transitoires. Cependant, en raison de la complexité de l’analyse de stabilité des systèmesnon linéaires, les algorithmes de calcul des paramètres d’un contrôleur (observateur) non linéairen’existent pas du tout ou ne sont applicables que pour les systèmes d’ordre inférieur. Par conséquent,l’objectif de la recherche était de développer une méthode simple et constructive de conception d’unecommande automatique non linéaire. À cette fin, la méthode implicite de Lyapunov, qui est baséesur l’étude d’une fonction de Lyapunov définie implicitement par une certaine équation algébriquenon linéaire, a été choisie comme outil principal pour l’analyse de stabilité dans la thèse. Grâce à laformulation implicite, les conditions de stabilité suffisantes pour les systèmes de contrôle non linéairespeuvent être présentées sous la forme d’inégalités matricielles linéaires, qui peuvent être vérifiées numériquement de manière très efficace en utilisant un logiciel mathématique approprié. Par conséquent,le calcul des paramètres du contrôleur (observateur), qui assurent la performance requise du systèmeen boucle fermée, est considérablement simplifié. Pour démontrer les avantages et les capacités dela méthode implicite de Lyapunov, plusieurs problèmes liés à la stabilisation et à l’estimation d’étatsuperexponentielle (hyperexponentielle et en temps fini/fixe) des systèmes dynamiques ont été résolusdans la thèse.Premièrement, une méthode de type Razumikhin a été proposée pour l’analyse de la stabilitéhyperexponentielle et en temps fixe des systèmes à retard. Contrairement à la méthode originale deLyapunov-Razumikhin, l’approche proposée permet non seulement d’étudier la stabilité d’un systèmeà retard mais aussi d’estimer la vitesse à laquelle les trajectoires du système convergent vers le pointd’équilibre. Cependant, en raison de la complexité de la formulation des conditions suffisantes de typeRazumikhin pour la stabilité hyperexponentielle et en temps fixe au moyen d’une seule fonction, dansla méthode proposée, l’analyse de la stabilité est effectuée en deux étapes en utilisant une fonction deLyapunov-Razumikhin différente pour chacune d’elles. Tout d’abord, il est prouvé que toute trajectoiredu système entre dans une région fermée spécifiée centrée sur l’origine en temps fini et ne la quitteplus jamais. Ensuite, la deuxième fonction est utilisée pour montrer qu’une fois que les trajectoiressont dans la région spécifiée, elles convergent vers l’origine de manière hyperexponentielle ou entemps fixe, respectivement. En outre, pour rendre la méthode proposée plus adaptée à la conceptiond’une commande automatique non linéaire, les théorèmes implicites de Lyapunov-Razumikhin ontégalement été formulés. L’avantage de la formulation implicite a été illustré en résolvant les problèmesde stabilisation hyperexponentielle et en temps fixe d’une sous-classe spéciale de systèmes à retard.Il a été démontré que, sous certaines hypothèses non restrictives, les deux problèmes peuvent êtrefacilement résolus en utilisant le même contrôleur non linéaire qui stabilise le système sans retardcorrespondant en temps fixe. En appliquant la méthode implicite de Lyapunov-Razumikhin développéepour l’analyse de stabilité du système en boucle fermée, le réglage des paramètres du contrôleurnon linéaire, qui garantit la stabilisation superexponentielle avec la vitesse requise, a été réduit à lavérification d’inégalités matricielles linéaires. Les résultats théoriques obtenus ont été étayés par lasimulation numérique du système de contrôle conçu pour différentes conditions initiales et différentsretards.Deuxièmement, la notion de stabilité entrée-état pratique en temps fixe a été introduite pour lessystèmes à retard de type neutre avec des perturbations externes bornées et caractérisées par la méthodede Lyapunov-Krasovskii, qui a été formulée à la fois explicitement et implicitement. Sur la base desrésultats théoriques obtenus, une méthode alternative de stabilisation en temps fixe, robuste et pratique,des systèmes linéaires sous la forme canonique commandable a été proposée. À cette fin, le vecteurd’état a d’abord été approximé au moyen de la méthode des différences finies, c’est-à-dire sur la basedes valeurs passées du signal de sortie. Contrairement aux approches basées sur les observateurs, leschéma d’approximation par différences finies ne nécessite pas la résolution d’équations différentiellessupplémentaires en temps réel, ce qui simplifie sa mise en œuvre pratique. Ensuite, un contrôleurnon linéaire a été conçu pour stabiliser pratiquement le système en temps fixe. Pour obtenir unestabilisation rapide, le degré non linéaire de la rétroaction est modifié dynamiquement en fonctionde la distance par rapport à l’origine des trajectoires du système en boucle fermée. Pour appliquerla méthode de Lyapunov-Krasovskii développée, il a été démontré que le système en boucle ferméeest un système à retard de type neutre en raison de la relation intégrale spéciale entre l’état et sonapproximation en différence finie. En utilisant le théorème implicite de Lyapunov-Krasovskii formulé,des conditions de stabilité suffisantes pour le système de contrôle non linéaire conçu ont été présentéessous la forme d’inégalités matricielles linéaires, dont les solutions sont utilisées pour le calcul desparamètres du contrôleur. De plus, l’impact du retard induit artificiellement sur la précision de lastabilisation a également été étudié quantitativement. Enfin, il a été prouvé théoriquement et illustrénumériquement que, tant dans les cas sans perturbation que dans les cas perturbés, le contrôleur nonlinéaire proposé stabilise le système considéré au voisinage de l’origine beaucoup plus rapidement queson homologue linéaire.Troisièmement, le problème de la stabilisation robuste en temps fini de la sortie de systèmes linéairessous contraintes d’état a été abordé. Géométriquement, la classe de contraintes d’état considéréereprésente une région fermée (hyperoctaèdre, hypersphère ou hypercube) centrée à l’origine, danslaquelle les trajectoires du système en boucle fermée doivent rester. Pour résoudre le problème, unobservateur non linéaire de type Luenberger a d’abord été conçu en utilisant la méthode implicite deLyapunov afin de reconstruire le vecteur d’état en temps fini. Ensuite, une loi de commande continuea été proposée, qui est linéaire lorsque les trajectoires du système en boucle fermée risquent de violerles contraintes d’état, et non linéaire dans le cas contraire. La rétroaction linéaire a été choisie pourque la matrice du système en boucle fermée soit de Hurwitz et à diagonale dominante. De ce fait, lestrajectoires du système en boucle fermée convergent non seulement de manière exponentielle versl’origine mais ne quittent pas non plus la région spécifiée. Une fois que les trajectoires atteignent lasurface de commutation, la rétroaction non linéaire est utilisée pour accélérer le taux de convergence,c’est-à-dire pour stabiliser le système en temps fini. Cependant, contrairement à l’observateur en tempsfini, la mise en œuvre pratique du contrôleur en temps fini nécessite le calcul en ligne de la fonctionimplicite de Lyapunov. Comme la solution analytique de l’équation non linéaire correspondante ne peutêtre trouvée dans le cas général, la méthode de la bissection a été utilisée pour calculer numériquementla fonction implicite de Lyapunov. Par rapport aux méthodes existantes de stabilisation des systèmesdynamiques sous contraintes d’état basées sur les fonctions de barrière de contrôle et les fonctions debarrière de Lyapunov, le réglage du système de contrôle non linéaire proposé est extrêmement simple :les paramètres de l’observateur et du contrôleur sont trouvés à partir des solutions des inégalités et deséquations matricielles linéaires. La simulation numérique du système de contrôle conçu a montré que,pour des perturbations externes suffisamment petites, le système linéaire est stabilisé en temps finisans violer les contraintes d’état.Par conséquent, la thèse a démontré comment divers problèmes liés à la stabilisation et à l’estimationd’état superexponentielle des systèmes dynamiques peuvent être résolus efficacement en utilisant laméthode implicite de Lyapunov et ses modifications. Par rapport aux méthodes existantes de conceptiond’une commande automatique non linéaire, le principal avantage de l’approche développée est quetous les paramètres d’un contrôleur (observateur) non linéaire peuvent être calculés numériquementen résolvant des inégalités et des équations matricielles linéaires. Une méthode de calcul aussi simpleoffre un moyen constructif de régler les paramètres de commande afin d’obtenir la vitesse de réponserequise et/ou la robustesse par rapport à des perturbations externes bornées. Cependant, les systèmesde contrôle automatique conçus à l’aide de la méthode implicite de Lyapunov ne sont pas sans inconvénients. D’une part, la mise en œuvre pratique du contrôleur nécessite généralement le calcul en lignede la fonction implicite de Lyapunov au moyen de méthodes numériques de recherche d’un zéro d’unefonction (par exemple, de la méthode de la bissection), ce qui augmente la complexité de calcul del’algorithme de contrôle. D’autre part, malgré la mise en œuvre relativement simple de l’observateur entemps fini, le calcul de ses paramètres devient plus compliqué en raison de la nécessité de vérifier uneinégalité matricielle paramétrée (par exemple, en utilisant l’algorithme itératif proposé dans la thèse).Ainsi, une des directions possibles pour les recherches futures pourrait être de modifier la structure ducontrôleur et de l’observateur afin de simplifier leur implémentation et leur réglage, respectivement.Enfin, en plus d’améliorer les schémas de contrôle proposés, il est également essentiel d’évaluer leursperformances dans la pratique et de les comparer aux approches existantes (par exemple, au contrôlePID ou à la commande prédictive). One of the most important performance indices for an automatic control system is the speedof response which refers to the time taken by the system to respond to the given input or externaldisturbance. Achieving fast response is a challenging engineering problem, for the solution of whichvarious control design methods are developed. For example, in the simplest case, the settling timeof a control system can be reduced by appropriately increasing the feedback gains of a linear staticcontroller. However, increasing the speed of response in such a way leads to transient oscillations ofconsiderable amplitude or even to the loss of stability in the case of time-delay systems. An alternativeway of achieving the required performance is to design a nonlinear control system. Compared to theirlinear counterparts, nonlinear controllers allow one not only to significantly accelerate the speed ofresponse but also to guarantee the finite-time decay of the transients. However, due to the complexity ofthe stability analysis of nonlinear systems, algorithms for calculating the nonlinear controller (observer)parameters either do not exist at all or are applicable only for low-order systems. Therefore, the objectiveof the research was to develop a simple and constructive way of nonlinear control design. To this end,the Implicit Lyapunov method, which is based on the study of a Lyapunov function implicitly definedby some nonlinear algebraic equation, was chosen as the main tool for stability analysis in the thesis.Due to the implicit formulation, sufficient stability conditions for nonlinear control systems can bepresented in the form of linear matrix inequalities, which can be numerically checked very efficientlyusing appropriate mathematical software. As a result, the calculation of the controller (observer)parameters, which ensure the required performance of the closed-loop system, is significantly simplified.To demonstrate the advantages and capabilities of the Implicit Lyapunov method, several problemsrelated to superexponential (hyperexponential and finite/fixed-time) stabilization and state estimationof dynamical systems have been solved in the thesis.Firstly, a Razumikhin-like method has been proposed for hyperexponential and fixed-time stabilityanalysis of retarded time-delay systems. Differently from the original Lyapunov-Razumikhin method,the proposed approach allows one not only to study the stability of a time-delay system but also toestimate the speed at which trajectories of the system converge to the equilibrium point. However,due to the complexity of formulating Razumikhin-like sufficient conditions for hyperexponential andfixed-time stability by means of a single function, in the proposed method, stability analysis is carriedout in two steps using a different Lyapunov-Razumikhin function for each of them. First, it is proventhat any trajectory of the system enters a specified closed region centered at the origin in finite time andnever leaves it again. Then, the second function is used to show that once the trajectories are withinthe specified region, they will converge to the origin hyperexponentially or in fixed time, respectively.Furthermore, to make the proposed method more suitable for the nonlinear control design, Implicit Lyapunov-Razumikhin theorems have also been formulated. The advantage of the implicit formulationhas been illustrated by solving the problems of hyperexponential and fixed-time stabilization of a specialsubclass of time-delay systems. It has been shown that, under some nonrestrictive assumptions, bothproblems can be easily solved by using the same nonlinear controller that stabilizes the correspondingdelay-free system in fixed time. Applying the developed Implicit Lyapunov-Razumikhin method forstability analysis of the closed-loop system, the tuning of the nonlinear controller parameters, whichguarantee superexponential stabilization with the required speed, was reduced to verification of linearmatrix inequalities. The obtained theoretical results have been supported by numerical simulation ofthe designed control system for different initial conditions and time delays.Secondly, the notion of practical fixed-time input-to-state stability has been introduced for neutraltime-delay systems with external bounded disturbances and characterized by the Lyapunov-Krasovskiimethod, which has been formulated both explicitly and implicitly. Based on the obtained theoreticalresults, an alternative way of robust output practical fixed-time stabilization of linear systems in thecontrollable canonical form has been proposed. To this end, the state vector was first approximated bymeans of the finite difference method, i.e., based on the past values of the output signal. Differentlyfrom the observer-based approaches, the finite-difference approximation scheme does not requiresolving additional differential equations in real time, which simplifies its practical implementation.Then, a nonlinear controller was designed to practically stabilize the system in fixed time. To achievefast stabilization, the nonlinear degree of the feedback is dynamically changed depending on how farfrom the origin trajectories of the closed-loop system are. To apply the developed Lyapunov-Krasovskiimethod, it has been shown that the closed-loop system has a neutral time-delay representation due tothe special integral relation between the state and its finite-difference approximation. Using the formulated Implicit Lyapunov-Krasovskii theorem, sufficient stability conditions for the designed nonlinearcontrol system were presented in the form of linear matrix inequalities, solutions of which are used forthe calculation of the controller parameters. Furthermore, the impact of the artificially induced timedelay on the stabilization accuracy has also been quantitatively studied. Finally, it has been theoreticallyproven and numerically illustrated that, both in the disturbance-free and disturbed cases, the proposednonlinear controller stabilizes the considered system in the vicinity of the origin much faster than itslinear counterpart.Thirdly, the problem of robust output finite-time stabilization of linear systems under state constraints has been addressed. Geometrically, the considered class of state constraints represents a closedregion (hyperoctahedron, hypersphere or hypercube) centered at the origin, within which trajectoriesof the closed-loop system must remain. To solve the problem, a nonlinear Luenberger-like observerwas first designed using the Implicit Lyapunov method in order to reconstruct the state vector in finitetime. Then, a continuous control law was proposed, which is linear when trajectories of the closed-loopsystem risk violating the state constraints, and nonlinear otherwise. The linear feedback was chosen tomake the closed-loop system matrix Hurwitz and diagonally dominant. Due to this, trajectories of theclosed-loop system not only exponentially converge to the origin but also do not leave the specifiedregion. Once the trajectories reach the switching surface, the nonlinear feedback is used to acceleratethe convergence rate, namely, to stabilize the system in finite time. However, differently from thefinite-time observer, the practical implementation of the finite-time controller requires the online computation of the Implicit Lyapunov function. Since the analytical solution of the corresponding nonlinear equation cannot be found in the general case, the bisection method was used to numerically calculatethe Implicit Lyapunov function. Compared to the existing methods of stabilization of dynamical systemsunder state constraints based on control barrier functions and barrier Lyapunov functions, the tuningof the proposed nonlinear control system is extremely simple: the observer and controller parametersare found from the solutions of linear matrix inequalities and equations. Numerical simulation of thedesigned control system has shown that, for sufficiently small external disturbances, the linear systemis stabilized in finite time without violating the state constraints.Therefore, the thesis has demonstrated how various problems related to superexponential stabilization and state estimation of dynamical systems can be effectively solved using the Implicit Lyapunovmethod and its modifications. Compared to existing methods of nonlinear control design, the mainadvantage of the developed approach is that all parameters of a nonlinear controller (observer) can benumerically calculated by solving linear matrix inequalities and equations. Such a simple computationmethod provides a constructive way for tuning the control parameters to achieve the required speed ofresponse and/or robustness with respect to external bounded disturbances. However, the automaticcontrol systems designed using the implicit Lyapunov method are not without drawbacks. On the onehand, the practical implementation of the controller generally requires the online computation of theImplicit Lyapunov function by means of numerical root-finding methods (e.g., the bisection method),which increases the computational complexity of the control algorithm. On the other hand, despite therelatively simple implementation of the finite-time observer, the calculation of its parameters becomesmore complicated due to the need to check a parameterized matrix inequality (e.g., using the iterativealgorithm proposed in the thesis). Thus, one of the possible directions for future research could bemodifying the structure of the controller and the observer in order to simplify their implementation andtuning, respectively. Finally, in addition to improving the proposed control schemes, it is also essentialto evaluate their performance in practice and compare them with existing approaches (e.g., PID ormodel predictive control).
- Published
- 2023
18. Implicit Lyapunov methods for analysis and synthesis of superexponentially stable systems
- Author
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Nekhoroshikh, Artem, Centre de Recherche en Informatique, Signal et Automatique de Lille - UMR 9189 (CRIStAL), Centrale Lille-Université de Lille-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Centrale Lille Institut, ITMO University, Wilfrid Perruquetti, Igor Furtat, Finite-time control and estimation for distributed systems (VALSE), Inria Lille - Nord Europe, Institut National de Recherche en Informatique et en Automatique (Inria)-Institut National de Recherche en Informatique et en Automatique (Inria)-Centre de Recherche en Informatique, Signal et Automatique de Lille - UMR 9189 (CRIStAL), Centrale Lille-Université de Lille-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Centrale Lille-Université de Lille-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), CENTRALE LILLE, Wilfrid PERRUQUETTI, and Igor FURTAT
- Subjects
Automatic control ,Fixed-Time stability ,Time-Delay systems ,Stabilité hyperexponentielle ,Stability AMS subject classifications 35K35 ,Systèmes à retard ,[SCCO.COMP]Cognitive science/Computer science ,Implicit Lyapunov method ,Stabilité entrée-État ,Automatique Génie Informatique Traitement du Signal et des Images ,Stabilité en temps fini ,Finite-Time stability ,Hyperexponential stability ,Stabilité en temps fixe ,[INFO.INFO-AU]Computer Science [cs]/Automatic Control Engineering ,Méthode implicite de Lyapunov ,Input-To-State stability ,Automatique - Abstract
One of the most important performance indices for an automatic control system is the speedof response which refers to the time taken by the system to respond to the given input or externaldisturbance. Achieving fast response is a challenging engineering problem, for the solution of whichvarious control design methods are developed. For example, in the simplest case, the settling timeof a control system can be reduced by appropriately increasing the feedback gains of a linear staticcontroller. However, increasing the speed of response in such a way leads to transient oscillations ofconsiderable amplitude or even to the loss of stability in the case of time-delay systems. An alternativeway of achieving the required performance is to design a nonlinear control system. Compared to theirlinear counterparts, nonlinear controllers allow one not only to significantly accelerate the speed ofresponse but also to guarantee the finite-time decay of the transients. However, due to the complexity ofthe stability analysis of nonlinear systems, algorithms for calculating the nonlinear controller (observer)parameters either do not exist at all or are applicable only for low-order systems. Therefore, the objectiveof the research was to develop a simple and constructive way of nonlinear control design. To this end,the Implicit Lyapunov method, which is based on the study of a Lyapunov function implicitly definedby some nonlinear algebraic equation, was chosen as the main tool for stability analysis in the thesis.Due to the implicit formulation, sufficient stability conditions for nonlinear control systems can bepresented in the form of linear matrix inequalities, which can be numerically checked very efficientlyusing appropriate mathematical software. As a result, the calculation of the controller (observer)parameters, which ensure the required performance of the closed-loop system, is significantly simplified.To demonstrate the advantages and capabilities of the Implicit Lyapunov method, several problemsrelated to superexponential (hyperexponential and finite/fixed-time) stabilization and state estimationof dynamical systems have been solved in the thesis.Firstly, a Razumikhin-like method has been proposed for hyperexponential and fixed-time stabilityanalysis of retarded time-delay systems. Differently from the original Lyapunov-Razumikhin method,the proposed approach allows one not only to study the stability of a time-delay system but also toestimate the speed at which trajectories of the system converge to the equilibrium point. However,due to the complexity of formulating Razumikhin-like sufficient conditions for hyperexponential andfixed-time stability by means of a single function, in the proposed method, stability analysis is carriedout in two steps using a different Lyapunov-Razumikhin function for each of them. First, it is proventhat any trajectory of the system enters a specified closed region centered at the origin in finite time andnever leaves it again. Then, the second function is used to show that once the trajectories are withinthe specified region, they will converge to the origin hyperexponentially or in fixed time, respectively.Furthermore, to make the proposed method more suitable for the nonlinear control design, Implicit Lyapunov-Razumikhin theorems have also been formulated. The advantage of the implicit formulationhas been illustrated by solving the problems of hyperexponential and fixed-time stabilization of a specialsubclass of time-delay systems. It has been shown that, under some nonrestrictive assumptions, bothproblems can be easily solved by using the same nonlinear controller that stabilizes the correspondingdelay-free system in fixed time. Applying the developed Implicit Lyapunov-Razumikhin method forstability analysis of the closed-loop system, the tuning of the nonlinear controller parameters, whichguarantee superexponential stabilization with the required speed, was reduced to verification of linearmatrix inequalities. The obtained theoretical results have been supported by numerical simulation ofthe designed control system for different initial conditions and time delays.Secondly, the notion of practical fixed-time input-to-state stability has been introduced for neutraltime-delay systems with external bounded disturbances and characterized by the Lyapunov-Krasovskiimethod, which has been formulated both explicitly and implicitly. Based on the obtained theoreticalresults, an alternative way of robust output practical fixed-time stabilization of linear systems in thecontrollable canonical form has been proposed. To this end, the state vector was first approximated bymeans of the finite difference method, i.e., based on the past values of the output signal. Differentlyfrom the observer-based approaches, the finite-difference approximation scheme does not requiresolving additional differential equations in real time, which simplifies its practical implementation.Then, a nonlinear controller was designed to practically stabilize the system in fixed time. To achievefast stabilization, the nonlinear degree of the feedback is dynamically changed depending on how farfrom the origin trajectories of the closed-loop system are. To apply the developed Lyapunov-Krasovskiimethod, it has been shown that the closed-loop system has a neutral time-delay representation due tothe special integral relation between the state and its finite-difference approximation. Using the formulated Implicit Lyapunov-Krasovskii theorem, sufficient stability conditions for the designed nonlinearcontrol system were presented in the form of linear matrix inequalities, solutions of which are used forthe calculation of the controller parameters. Furthermore, the impact of the artificially induced timedelay on the stabilization accuracy has also been quantitatively studied. Finally, it has been theoreticallyproven and numerically illustrated that, both in the disturbance-free and disturbed cases, the proposednonlinear controller stabilizes the considered system in the vicinity of the origin much faster than itslinear counterpart.Thirdly, the problem of robust output finite-time stabilization of linear systems under state constraints has been addressed. Geometrically, the considered class of state constraints represents a closedregion (hyperoctahedron, hypersphere or hypercube) centered at the origin, within which trajectoriesof the closed-loop system must remain. To solve the problem, a nonlinear Luenberger-like observerwas first designed using the Implicit Lyapunov method in order to reconstruct the state vector in finitetime. Then, a continuous control law was proposed, which is linear when trajectories of the closed-loopsystem risk violating the state constraints, and nonlinear otherwise. The linear feedback was chosen tomake the closed-loop system matrix Hurwitz and diagonally dominant. Due to this, trajectories of theclosed-loop system not only exponentially converge to the origin but also do not leave the specifiedregion. Once the trajectories reach the switching surface, the nonlinear feedback is used to acceleratethe convergence rate, namely, to stabilize the system in finite time. However, differently from thefinite-time observer, the practical implementation of the finite-time controller requires the online computation of the Implicit Lyapunov function. Since the analytical solution of the corresponding nonlinear equation cannot be found in the general case, the bisection method was used to numerically calculatethe Implicit Lyapunov function. Compared to the existing methods of stabilization of dynamical systemsunder state constraints based on control barrier functions and barrier Lyapunov functions, the tuningof the proposed nonlinear control system is extremely simple: the observer and controller parametersare found from the solutions of linear matrix inequalities and equations. Numerical simulation of thedesigned control system has shown that, for sufficiently small external disturbances, the linear systemis stabilized in finite time without violating the state constraints.Therefore, the thesis has demonstrated how various problems related to superexponential stabilization and state estimation of dynamical systems can be effectively solved using the Implicit Lyapunovmethod and its modifications. Compared to existing methods of nonlinear control design, the mainadvantage of the developed approach is that all parameters of a nonlinear controller (observer) can benumerically calculated by solving linear matrix inequalities and equations. Such a simple computationmethod provides a constructive way for tuning the control parameters to achieve the required speed ofresponse and/or robustness with respect to external bounded disturbances. However, the automaticcontrol systems designed using the implicit Lyapunov method are not without drawbacks. On the onehand, the practical implementation of the controller generally requires the online computation of theImplicit Lyapunov function by means of numerical root-finding methods (e.g., the bisection method),which increases the computational complexity of the control algorithm. On the other hand, despite therelatively simple implementation of the finite-time observer, the calculation of its parameters becomesmore complicated due to the need to check a parameterized matrix inequality (e.g., using the iterativealgorithm proposed in the thesis). Thus, one of the possible directions for future research could bemodifying the structure of the controller and the observer in order to simplify their implementation andtuning, respectively. Finally, in addition to improving the proposed control schemes, it is also essentialto evaluate their performance in practice and compare them with existing approaches (e.g., PID ormodel predictive control).; L’un des indices de performance les plus importants pour un système de contrôle automatiqueest la vitesse de réponse, qui correspond au temps mis par le système pour répondre à une entréedonnée ou à une perturbation externe. L’obtention d’une réponse rapide est un problème d’ingénieriedifficile, pour la solution duquel diverses méthodes de conception d’une commande automatique sontdéveloppées. Par exemple, dans le cas le plus simple, le temps d’établissement d’un système de contrôlepeut être réduit en augmentant de manière appropriée les gains de rétroaction d’un contrôleur statiquelinéaire. Cependant, l’augmentation de la vitesse de réponse de cette manière conduit à des oscillationstransitoires d’une amplitude considérable, voire à la perte de stabilité dans le cas de systèmes à retard. Une autre façon d’obtenir les performances requises consiste à concevoir un système de contrôlenon linéaire. Par rapport à leurs homologues linéaires, les contrôleurs non linéaires permettent nonseulement d’accélérer considérablement la vitesse de réponse mais aussi de garantir la décroissance entemps fini des transitoires. Cependant, en raison de la complexité de l’analyse de stabilité des systèmesnon linéaires, les algorithmes de calcul des paramètres d’un contrôleur (observateur) non linéairen’existent pas du tout ou ne sont applicables que pour les systèmes d’ordre inférieur. Par conséquent,l’objectif de la recherche était de développer une méthode simple et constructive de conception d’unecommande automatique non linéaire. À cette fin, la méthode implicite de Lyapunov, qui est baséesur l’étude d’une fonction de Lyapunov définie implicitement par une certaine équation algébriquenon linéaire, a été choisie comme outil principal pour l’analyse de stabilité dans la thèse. Grâce à laformulation implicite, les conditions de stabilité suffisantes pour les systèmes de contrôle non linéairespeuvent être présentées sous la forme d’inégalités matricielles linéaires, qui peuvent être vérifiées numériquement de manière très efficace en utilisant un logiciel mathématique approprié. Par conséquent,le calcul des paramètres du contrôleur (observateur), qui assurent la performance requise du systèmeen boucle fermée, est considérablement simplifié. Pour démontrer les avantages et les capacités dela méthode implicite de Lyapunov, plusieurs problèmes liés à la stabilisation et à l’estimation d’étatsuperexponentielle (hyperexponentielle et en temps fini/fixe) des systèmes dynamiques ont été résolusdans la thèse.Premièrement, une méthode de type Razumikhin a été proposée pour l’analyse de la stabilitéhyperexponentielle et en temps fixe des systèmes à retard. Contrairement à la méthode originale deLyapunov-Razumikhin, l’approche proposée permet non seulement d’étudier la stabilité d’un systèmeà retard mais aussi d’estimer la vitesse à laquelle les trajectoires du système convergent vers le pointd’équilibre. Cependant, en raison de la complexité de la formulation des conditions suffisantes de typeRazumikhin pour la stabilité hyperexponentielle et en temps fixe au moyen d’une seule fonction, dansla méthode proposée, l’analyse de la stabilité est effectuée en deux étapes en utilisant une fonction deLyapunov-Razumikhin différente pour chacune d’elles. Tout d’abord, il est prouvé que toute trajectoiredu système entre dans une région fermée spécifiée centrée sur l’origine en temps fini et ne la quitteplus jamais. Ensuite, la deuxième fonction est utilisée pour montrer qu’une fois que les trajectoiressont dans la région spécifiée, elles convergent vers l’origine de manière hyperexponentielle ou entemps fixe, respectivement. En outre, pour rendre la méthode proposée plus adaptée à la conceptiond’une commande automatique non linéaire, les théorèmes implicites de Lyapunov-Razumikhin ontégalement été formulés. L’avantage de la formulation implicite a été illustré en résolvant les problèmesde stabilisation hyperexponentielle et en temps fixe d’une sous-classe spéciale de systèmes à retard.Il a été démontré que, sous certaines hypothèses non restrictives, les deux problèmes peuvent êtrefacilement résolus en utilisant le même contrôleur non linéaire qui stabilise le système sans retardcorrespondant en temps fixe. En appliquant la méthode implicite de Lyapunov-Razumikhin développéepour l’analyse de stabilité du système en boucle fermée, le réglage des paramètres du contrôleurnon linéaire, qui garantit la stabilisation superexponentielle avec la vitesse requise, a été réduit à lavérification d’inégalités matricielles linéaires. Les résultats théoriques obtenus ont été étayés par lasimulation numérique du système de contrôle conçu pour différentes conditions initiales et différentsretards.Deuxièmement, la notion de stabilité entrée-état pratique en temps fixe a été introduite pour lessystèmes à retard de type neutre avec des perturbations externes bornées et caractérisées par la méthodede Lyapunov-Krasovskii, qui a été formulée à la fois explicitement et implicitement. Sur la base desrésultats théoriques obtenus, une méthode alternative de stabilisation en temps fixe, robuste et pratique,des systèmes linéaires sous la forme canonique commandable a été proposée. À cette fin, le vecteurd’état a d’abord été approximé au moyen de la méthode des différences finies, c’est-à-dire sur la basedes valeurs passées du signal de sortie. Contrairement aux approches basées sur les observateurs, leschéma d’approximation par différences finies ne nécessite pas la résolution d’équations différentiellessupplémentaires en temps réel, ce qui simplifie sa mise en œuvre pratique. Ensuite, un contrôleurnon linéaire a été conçu pour stabiliser pratiquement le système en temps fixe. Pour obtenir unestabilisation rapide, le degré non linéaire de la rétroaction est modifié dynamiquement en fonctionde la distance par rapport à l’origine des trajectoires du système en boucle fermée. Pour appliquerla méthode de Lyapunov-Krasovskii développée, il a été démontré que le système en boucle ferméeest un système à retard de type neutre en raison de la relation intégrale spéciale entre l’état et sonapproximation en différence finie. En utilisant le théorème implicite de Lyapunov-Krasovskii formulé,des conditions de stabilité suffisantes pour le système de contrôle non linéaire conçu ont été présentéessous la forme d’inégalités matricielles linéaires, dont les solutions sont utilisées pour le calcul desparamètres du contrôleur. De plus, l’impact du retard induit artificiellement sur la précision de lastabilisation a également été étudié quantitativement. Enfin, il a été prouvé théoriquement et illustrénumériquement que, tant dans les cas sans perturbation que dans les cas perturbés, le contrôleur nonlinéaire proposé stabilise le système considéré au voisinage de l’origine beaucoup plus rapidement queson homologue linéaire.Troisièmement, le problème de la stabilisation robuste en temps fini de la sortie de systèmes linéairessous contraintes d’état a été abordé. Géométriquement, la classe de contraintes d’état considéréereprésente une région fermée (hyperoctaèdre, hypersphère ou hypercube) centrée à l’origine, danslaquelle les trajectoires du système en boucle fermée doivent rester. Pour résoudre le problème, unobservateur non linéaire de type Luenberger a d’abord été conçu en utilisant la méthode implicite deLyapunov afin de reconstruire le vecteur d’état en temps fini. Ensuite, une loi de commande continuea été proposée, qui est linéaire lorsque les trajectoires du système en boucle fermée risquent de violerles contraintes d’état, et non linéaire dans le cas contraire. La rétroaction linéaire a été choisie pourque la matrice du système en boucle fermée soit de Hurwitz et à diagonale dominante. De ce fait, lestrajectoires du système en boucle fermée convergent non seulement de manière exponentielle versl’origine mais ne quittent pas non plus la région spécifiée. Une fois que les trajectoires atteignent lasurface de commutation, la rétroaction non linéaire est utilisée pour accélérer le taux de convergence,c’est-à-dire pour stabiliser le système en temps fini. Cependant, contrairement à l’observateur en tempsfini, la mise en œuvre pratique du contrôleur en temps fini nécessite le calcul en ligne de la fonctionimplicite de Lyapunov. Comme la solution analytique de l’équation non linéaire correspondante ne peutêtre trouvée dans le cas général, la méthode de la bissection a été utilisée pour calculer numériquementla fonction implicite de Lyapunov. Par rapport aux méthodes existantes de stabilisation des systèmesdynamiques sous contraintes d’état basées sur les fonctions de barrière de contrôle et les fonctions debarrière de Lyapunov, le réglage du système de contrôle non linéaire proposé est extrêmement simple :les paramètres de l’observateur et du contrôleur sont trouvés à partir des solutions des inégalités et deséquations matricielles linéaires. La simulation numérique du système de contrôle conçu a montré que,pour des perturbations externes suffisamment petites, le système linéaire est stabilisé en temps finisans violer les contraintes d’état.Par conséquent, la thèse a démontré comment divers problèmes liés à la stabilisation et à l’estimationd’état superexponentielle des systèmes dynamiques peuvent être résolus efficacement en utilisant laméthode implicite de Lyapunov et ses modifications. Par rapport aux méthodes existantes de conceptiond’une commande automatique non linéaire, le principal avantage de l’approche développée est quetous les paramètres d’un contrôleur (observateur) non linéaire peuvent être calculés numériquementen résolvant des inégalités et des équations matricielles linéaires. Une méthode de calcul aussi simpleoffre un moyen constructif de régler les paramètres de commande afin d’obtenir la vitesse de réponserequise et/ou la robustesse par rapport à des perturbations externes bornées. Cependant, les systèmesde contrôle automatique conçus à l’aide de la méthode implicite de Lyapunov ne sont pas sans inconvénients. D’une part, la mise en œuvre pratique du contrôleur nécessite généralement le calcul en lignede la fonction implicite de Lyapunov au moyen de méthodes numériques de recherche d’un zéro d’unefonction (par exemple, de la méthode de la bissection), ce qui augmente la complexité de calcul del’algorithme de contrôle. D’autre part, malgré la mise en œuvre relativement simple de l’observateur entemps fini, le calcul de ses paramètres devient plus compliqué en raison de la nécessité de vérifier uneinégalité matricielle paramétrée (par exemple, en utilisant l’algorithme itératif proposé dans la thèse).Ainsi, une des directions possibles pour les recherches futures pourrait être de modifier la structure ducontrôleur et de l’observateur afin de simplifier leur implémentation et leur réglage, respectivement.Enfin, en plus d’améliorer les schémas de contrôle proposés, il est également essentiel d’évaluer leursperformances dans la pratique et de les comparer aux approches existantes (par exemple, au contrôlePID ou à la commande prédictive).
- Published
- 2022
19. Towards an Empirical Practice in Off-line Fully-automatic Design of Robot Swarms
- Author
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Ligot, Antoine, Cotorruelo Jiménez, Andrés, Garone, Emanuele, Birattari, Mauro, Ligot, Antoine, Cotorruelo Jiménez, Andrés, Garone, Emanuele, and Birattari, Mauro
- Abstract
Due to the lack of systematic empirical analyses and comparisons of ideas and methods, a clearly established state of the art is still missing in the optimization-based design of robot swarms. In this paper, we propose an experimental protocol for the comparison of fully-automatic design methods. This protocol is characterized by two notable elements: a way to define benchmarks for the evaluation and comparison of design methods, and a sampling strategy that minimizes the variance when estimating their expected performance. To define generally applicable benchmarks, we introduce the notion of mission generator: a tool to generate missions that mimic those a design method will eventually have to solve. To minimize the variance of the performance estimation, we show that, under some common assumptions, one should adopt the sampling strategy that maximizes the number of missions considered&, SCOPUS: ar.j, info:eu-repo/semantics/published
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- 2022
20. Modelling ectotherms’ populations considering physiological age structure and spatial motion: A novel approach
- Author
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Rossini, Luca, Bono Rossello, Nicolas, Contarini, Mario, Speranza, Stefano, Garone, Emanuele, Rossini, Luca, Bono Rossello, Nicolas, Contarini, Mario, Speranza, Stefano, and Garone, Emanuele
- Abstract
info:eu-repo/semantics/published
- Published
- 2022
21. Assessing engineering exercises: a novel taxonomy
- Author
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Liotino, Marica, Garone, Anja, Knorn, Steffi, Varagnolo, Damiano, Garone, Emanuele, Fedeli, Monica, Liotino, Marica, Garone, Anja, Knorn, Steffi, Varagnolo, Damiano, Garone, Emanuele, and Fedeli, Monica
- Abstract
info:eu-repo/semantics/published
- Published
- 2022
22. State Estimation of Pest Populations subject to Intermittent Measurements
- Author
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Bono Rossello, Nicolas, Rossini, Luca, Speranza, Stefano, Garone, Emanuele, Bono Rossello, Nicolas, Rossini, Luca, Speranza, Stefano, and Garone, Emanuele
- Abstract
info:eu-repo/semantics/published
- Published
- 2022
23. Command governors with inexact optimization and without invariance
- Author
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Garone, Emanuele, Kolmanovsky, Ilya, Garone, Emanuele, and Kolmanovsky, Ilya
- Abstract
info:eu-repo/semantics/published
- Published
- 2022
24. New conditions for finite-time stability of impulsive dynamical systems via piecewise quadratic functions
- Author
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Ambrosino, Roberto, Ariola, Marco, Garone, Emanuele, Amato, Francesco, Tartaglione, Gaetano, Ambrosino, Roberto, Ariola, Marco, Garone, Emanuele, Amato, Francesco, and Tartaglione, Gaetano
- Abstract
In this paper, the use of time-varying piecewise quadratic functions is investigated to characterize the finite-time stability of state-dependent impulsive dynamical linear systems. Finite-time stability defines the behavior of a dynamic system over a bounded time interval. More precisely, a system is said to be finite-time stable if, given a set of initial conditions, its state vector does not exit a predefined domain for a certain finite interval of time. This paper presents new sufficient conditions for finite-time stability based on time-varying piecewise quadratic functions. These conditions can be reformulated as a set of Linear Matrix Inequalities that can be efficiently solved through convex optimization solvers. Different numerical analysis are included in order to prove that the presented conditions are able to improve the results presented so far in the literature., SCOPUS: ar.j, info:eu-repo/semantics/published
- Published
- 2022
25. A two-layer distributed MPC approach to thermal control of Multiprocessor Systems-on-Chip
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Tilli, Andrea, Garone, Emanuele, Conficoni, Christian, Cacciari, Matteo, Bosso, Alessandro, Bartolini, Andrea, Tilli, Andrea, Garone, Emanuele, Conficoni, Christian, Cacciari, Matteo, Bosso, Alessandro, and Bartolini, Andrea
- Abstract
Next-generation Multiprocessor, or Multicore, Systems-on-Chip offer very high computing performance at the expense of a very high power density unevenly distributed on the chip. The hot spots thus generated represent a significant source of performance and reliability degradation, as well as power consumption increase. In recent years, run-time thermal control strategies have been developed to deal with this issue by acting on some “computational knobs” (e.g. clock frequencies and supply voltages). In this context, schemes based on Model Predictive Control (MPC) are particularly suitable due to their capability to deal with constraints explicitly. In this paper, we first discuss relevant properties for the design of predictive controllers for thermal systems. Starting from the Partial Differential Equation (PDE) describing heat diffusion in a solid, we prove meaningful feasibility properties that can be leveraged for constraint reduction. We then present a procedure to derive approximated but effective modular thermal models intended to build an efficient distributed MPC. Finally, a two-layer control solution is proposed to maximize performance while preserving feasibility despite model approximations. The effectiveness of this approach is validated through extensive and realistic numerical simulations., SCOPUS: ar.j, info:eu-repo/semantics/published
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- 2022
26. Prediction of infestations by true bugs in hazelnut orchards: feasibility and preliminary approaches in the case of Halyomorpha halys
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Rossini, Luca, Contarini, Mario, Rossello, Nicolas Bono, Garone, Emanuele, Speranza, Stefano, Rossini, Luca, Contarini, Mario, Rossello, Nicolas Bono, Garone, Emanuele, and Speranza, Stefano
- Abstract
info:eu-repo/semantics/published
- Published
- 2022
27. Active monitoring of large-scale phenomena
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Garone, Emanuele, Birattari, Mauro, Kinnaert, Michel, Nowé, Ann, Schenato, Luca, Francis, Frédéric, Bono Rossello, Nicolas, Garone, Emanuele, Birattari, Mauro, Kinnaert, Michel, Nowé, Ann, Schenato, Luca, Francis, Frédéric, and Bono Rossello, Nicolas
- Abstract
This thesis focuses on the development of monitoring strategies suited for large-scale processes where the amount of resources available for the sensing is a critical limitation. The proposed approach consists in planning simultaneously the gathering of the data and its usage. This approach allows to optimize the information obtained given the limited resources. This thesis presents a general methodology composed of 3 steps: modelling, estimation, and monitoring planning. The theoretical developments presented in this dissertation are divided into two separated parts that focus on two macro-classes of systems that enclose the vast majority of possible large-scale monitored phenomena. The relevance and effectiveness of the results of this thesis are demonstrated with the help of some case studies, such as: soil-plant water dynamics, epidemics spreading and pest populations. Given the depth of the study concerning the monitoring of pest populations, this application is presented as a separated third part of this dissertation., Doctorat en Sciences de l'ingénieur et technologie, info:eu-repo/semantics/nonPublished
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- 2022
28. Robust state and input estimation with enhanced convergence rate for monitoring anaerobic digestion
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Rueda-Escobedo, Juan, Sbarciog, Mihaela, Moreno, Jaime A., Van Impe, Jan, Vande Wouwer, Alain, Rueda-Escobedo, Juan, Sbarciog, Mihaela, Moreno, Jaime A., Van Impe, Jan, and Vande Wouwer, Alain
- Abstract
In this study, an observer for estimating the state and unknown inputs is proposed for monitoring anaerobic digestion processes. This estimator is based on a dynamic model considering acidogenesis and methanogenesis, and consists of three sub-observers: (a) a gramian-based fixed-time convergent observer for the inlet chemical oxygen demand (COD) and the acidogenic bacteria population, (b) an asymptotic observer for the methanogenic bacteria population, and (c) a super-twisting observer for systems with time-varying parameters to estimate the inlet volatile fatty acid (VFA) concentration. These sub-observers can be designed independently, which greatly simplifies the tuning process. Proofs of convergence are developed and simulation tests show the performance of the estimation scheme as compared to classical extended Kalman filtering., SCOPUS: ar.j, info:eu-repo/semantics/published
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- 2022
29. A Simulation Study on Model-Based Optimization of Intracellular Trehalose Accumulation in Saccharomyces cerevisiae Fed-Batch Cultures
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Sbarciog, Mihaela, Huet, Antoine, Bogaerts, Philippe, Sbarciog, Mihaela, Huet, Antoine, and Bogaerts, Philippe
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info:eu-repo/semantics/published
- Published
- 2022
30. Risk Averse Model Predictive Control of Bioreactors
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Bhonsale, Satyajeet, Descamps, Maurits, Sbarciog, Mihaela, Sopasakis, Pantelis, Van Impe, Jan, Bhonsale, Satyajeet, Descamps, Maurits, Sbarciog, Mihaela, Sopasakis, Pantelis, and Van Impe, Jan
- Abstract
info:eu-repo/semantics/published
- Published
- 2022
31. On the computation of sets for constrained control
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Garone, Emanuele, Daniel, Ramirez R., Kinnaert, Michel, Limon, Daniel, Blanchini, Franco, Spenko, Špela, Determe, Jean-François, Cotorruelo Jiménez, Andrés, Garone, Emanuele, Daniel, Ramirez R., Kinnaert, Michel, Limon, Daniel, Blanchini, Franco, Spenko, Špela, Determe, Jean-François, and Cotorruelo Jiménez, Andrés
- Abstract
After a short introduction, this thesis presents ways of computing relevant sets and operations in constrained control. In particular, admissible reference-dependent invariant sets based on Lyapunov (Ch. 3), the Pontryagin difference of basic semi-algebraic sets (Ch. 4), an extension to the Model Predictive Control for Tracking to deal with nonconvex sets of steady-state admissible references (Ch. 5), and the study of the Maximal Output Admissible Set for saturated (Ch. 6) and polynomial systems (Ch. 7)., Doctorat en Sciences de l'ingénieur et technologie, info:eu-repo/semantics/nonPublished
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- 2022
32. Proofs of “A Systematic Constrained Control Framework for Unmanned Aerial Vehicles based on Explicit Reference Governor”
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Tartaglione, Gaetano, Nicotra, Marco, Naldi, Roberto, Garone, Emanuele, Tartaglione, Gaetano, Nicotra, Marco, Naldi, Roberto, and Garone, Emanuele
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info:eu-repo/semantics/published
- Published
- 2022
33. Modelling and Simulation of Co-digestion in Anaerobic Digestion Systems
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Sbarciog, Mihaela, Bhonsale, Satyajeet, De Buck, Viviane, Akkermans, Simen, Polanska , Monika, Van Impe, Jan, Sbarciog, Mihaela, Bhonsale, Satyajeet, De Buck, Viviane, Akkermans, Simen, Polanska , Monika, and Van Impe, Jan
- Abstract
Anaerobic digestion is a widely employed technique that converts waste into biogas, which can be employed as renewable energy. To improve its efficiency, but also to treat recalcitrant waste, mixes involving several types of feedstock with different biodegradability rates are fed to the process. Finding the proper mix is difficult and involves extensive, long-lasting experimental work. This paper presents an approach which allows determining the mix with desired properties based on Biochemical Methane Potential (BMP) tests, chemical composition of the feedstocks and optimization. This procedure is illustrated based on experimental data gathered from BMP tests on leaves of linden, oak and maple, and meadow. Subsequently, a simple model is used to simulate the continuous operation of the process converting the proposed mixes into methane., SCOPUS: cp.p, info:eu-repo/semantics/published
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- 2022
34. Observability and observers for baker’s yeast growth with coordinated uptake of glucose and ammonium
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Sbarciog, Mihaela, Bogaerts, Philippe, Sbarciog, Mihaela, and Bogaerts, Philippe
- Abstract
info:eu-repo/semantics/published
- Published
- 2022
35. Macroscopic Modeling of Intracellular Trehalose Concentration in Saccharomyces cerevisiae Fed-batch Cultures
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Huet, Antoine, Sbarciog, Mihaela, Bogaerts, Philippe, Huet, Antoine, Sbarciog, Mihaela, and Bogaerts, Philippe
- Abstract
This paper describes the extension of a baker's yeast growth model to account for the intracellular trehalose storage and mobilization. Trehalose is a reserve carbohydrate that is accumulated and converted back to intracellular glucose when the yeast cells face certain stresses. This is modeled by a new macroscopic reaction, which is coupled to an existing macroscopic reaction scheme describing the coordinated uptake of glucose and ammonium by the yeast cells. The dynamics of the trehalose concentration is described by a delay differential equation as the available experimental data used to fit the model exhibits a time-delayed correlation between trehalose storage and glucose uptake as well as a time-delayed correlation between trehalose mobilization and ethanol respiration phases. The proposed extension contains 6 parameters of which 5 are estimated via nonlinear least squares identification. The proposed model predicts accurately the dynamics of trehalose storage and mobilization and can be used to optimize the intracellular trehalose accumulation in Saccharomyces cerevisiae, which is valuable for obtaining reinforced yeast cells, able to better withstand drying operations., SCOPUS: cp.p, info:eu-repo/semantics/published
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- 2022
36. A Project-Based Learning Approach for Building an Affordable Control Teaching Lab: The Centrifugal Ring Positioner
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Jordens, Xavier, Wilmart, Robin, Garone, Emanuele, Kinnaert, Michel, Catoire, Laurent, Jordens, Xavier, Wilmart, Robin, Garone, Emanuele, Kinnaert, Michel, and Catoire, Laurent
- Abstract
This paper presents a novel experimental setup for teaching control engineering. This setup was developed during a project-based learning activity. The approach consists in training a master student in mechatronics and control through the design, manufacturing, and control of a device that will contribute over time to the education of students by laboratory sessions based on the device. The latter is an easy-to-build, reproducible, and affordable experimental setup called the Centrifugal Ring Positioner (CRP). It aims at illustrating several concepts of closed-loop control (e.g. system identification, model validation, and controller design and validation) while getting acquainted with typical experimental issues like the handling of measurement noise and the real-time implementation of a control law. The CRP distinguishes itself from most pedagogical benchmarks by the wide use of 3D printing. It is an unstable and nonlinear system, consisting of a ring able to slide on a rod thanks to the balance between gravity and centrifugal force. The control of the system aims at stabilizing the ring at any fixed position on the rod. The complete methodology followed during the project-based learning approach to build and control a CRP is detailed, including derivation of a dynamic model based on classical mechanics theory, considerations on the mechanical design, selection of the components, step response and physics-based model identification, and PID controllers design based on computer-assisted methods such as root locus and Bode diagrams., SCOPUS: ar.j, info:eu-repo/semantics/published
- Published
- 2022
37. Faster and Healthier Charging of Lithium-Ion Batteries via Constrained Feedback Control
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Couto Mendonca, Luis Daniel, Romagnoli, Raffaele, Park, Saehong, Zhang, Dong, Moura, Scott, Kinnaert, Michel, Garone, Emanuele, Couto Mendonca, Luis Daniel, Romagnoli, Raffaele, Park, Saehong, Zhang, Dong, Moura, Scott, Kinnaert, Michel, and Garone, Emanuele
- Abstract
info:eu-repo/semantics/published
- Published
- 2022
38. Développement de lois de pilotage pour le service en orbite
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Kraiem, Sofiane, Institut Supérieur de l'Aéronautique et de l'Espace, Rognant, Mathieu, and Brière, Yves
- Subjects
629.8 ,Contrôle ,Automatic ,Control ,Robotique ,Automatique ,Robotic - Abstract
Les manipulateurs spatiaux permettent de répondre à une variété de problèmes dans les futures exploitations et explorations spatiales, tels que le déploiement en orbite, l’élimination active des débris ou les opérations de maintenance. Toutefois, il est difficile de contrôler de manière autonome les systèmes de manipulateurs spatiaux dans le cas de structures légères et de grande taille présentant alors un comportement flexible. La dynamique flexible représente un défi, premièrement par sa modélisation et secondement les couplages avec le manipulateur peuvent détériorer la qualité du contrôle. Cette thèse aborde les problèmes de conception et de contrôle d’un manipulateur spatial autonome équipé de dispositifs d’échange de moment cinétique pour le contrôle de la rotation d’un vaisseau spatial lorsqu’il est confronté à des perturbations internes au système, des incertitudes de modèle et des erreurs de mesure. La modélisation de la dynamique rigide-flexible d’un système multi-corps reste une tâche difficile, et une première contribution de ce travail est un outil de modélisation générique pour dériver la cinématique et la dynamique d’un manipulateur spatial flottant dont les rotations sont contrôlées et en présence d’appendices flexibles. Cette analyse a conduit à la contribution principale de cette thèse, à savoir l’implémentation et la conception d’une loi de contrôle pour les opérations de maintenance en orbite. Grâce au modèle, la commande proposée inclut les états non mesurables (i.e. les modes flexibles) dans le découplage et la linéarisation du système, et les lois de pilotage établies sont basées sur l’inversion dynamique non linéaire où des observateurs sont introduits pour améliorer la qualité de la linéarisation. Dans une première mise en oeuvre, un observateur d’état étendu a été utilisé pour estimer la dynamique flexible. Puis, dans un deuxième temps, les incertitudes de modélisation et les erreurs de mesure ont été traitées par l’ajout d’un observateur de perturbations non linéaires. Les interdépendances entre les observateurs et la dynamique de contrôle ont motivé un calcul simultané de leurs gains afin d’améliorer la stabilité du système et les performances de contrôle. Ce point a été atteint par la résolution d’inégalités matricielles linéaires pour garantir la stabilité obtenue à l’aide d’une fonction de Lyapunov appropriée. Afin de mettre en évidence l’intérêt du schéma proposé et de valider notre approche dans un environnement réaliste, des tests approfondis d’un cas d’utilisation de l’assemblage d’un télescope spatial en orbite ont été réalisés sur un simulateur haute-fidélité. Space manipulators allow to respond to a variety of problems in future space exploitation and exploration such as on-orbit deployment, active debris removal or servicing operations. However, a difficulty to autonomously control space manipulator systems arise with large and light structures presenting flexible behavior. Flexible dynamics remain a challenging topic as its modeling may present a first difficulty while the different coupling with the manipulator may deteriorate the control quality. This thesis addresses design and control problems related to autonomous space manipulator equipped with kinetic moment exchange devices for spacecraft rotation control when dealing with system internal disturbances, model uncertainties and measurement errors. The modeling of rigid-flexible dynamics of a multi-body system remains a challenging task, and a first contribution of this work is a generic modeling tool to derive kinematic and dynamic of a rotation-free-floating Space Manipulator System (SMS) with flexible appendages. This analysis led to the main contribution of this thesis, namely the implementation and the design of such control scheme for On-Orbit Servicing operations. Thanks to the model, proposed control include the non-measurable states (i.e flexibility) in the system decoupling and linearization, and the steering laws established are based on Nonlinear Dynamic Inversion (NDI) framework where observers are introduced to improve the quality of linearization. In a first implementation an Extended State Observer (ESO) have been involved to estimate flexible dynamics. Then, in a second time, the modeling uncertainties and measurement errors have been handled by the addition of a Nonlinear Disturbance Observer (NDO). Inter-dependencies between observers and control dynamics have motivated a simultaneous computation of their gains to improve system stability and control performances. This point has been achieved by the resolution of Linear Matrix Inequalities (LMI) to guarantee stability with an appropriate Lyapunov function. In order to highlight the interest of the proposed scheme and validate our approach in a realistic environment,extensive tests of an on-orbit space telescope assembly use-case have been performed on a high-fidelity simulator.
- Published
- 2022
39. Automatische Erkennung von politischen Trends mit Twitter - brauchen wir Meinungsumfragen noch?
- Author
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Siegel, Melanie, Deuschle, Jennifer, Lenze, Barbara, Petrovic, Marina, and Starker, Sascha
- Abstract
Opinion research institutes try to capture the public opinion on politicians with telephone and road surveys. In winter 2015/16, a student group worked on the question if it is possible to automate this process. The idea behind this is that the platform Twitter is often used for political discussions. Since tweets are limited to 140 characters, and the topic can usually be clearly identified by hashtags, Twitter data seem to be well suited for automatic sentiment analysis. Sentiment analysis methods aim to automatically classify these tweets into positive and negative expressions of opinion. We have implemented a Twitter crawler and sentiment analysis routines in Python. We then collected tweets for politicians over a period of four weeks, and visualized the results of the opinion analyses. Finally, we compared our results with the "ZDF-Politbarometer", a monthly TV opinion analysis. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2017
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
40. Modélisation et régulation de la glycémie dans la maladie du diabète
- Author
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Cassany, Louis and STAR, ABES
- Subjects
Commande robuste ,Control theory ,Modélisation ,Robust control ,Modelisation ,[INFO.INFO-AU] Computer Science [cs]/Automatic Control Engineering ,Automatique ,Commande H∞ ,H∞ control - Abstract
Recent advancements in CGM sensors (Continuous Glucose Monitoring) and insulin pumps considerably improved the treatment of diabetes. However, CGM sensors can only measure the blood glucose level, limiting the insulin therapy algorithms. The IMS laboratory (Integration: from Material to Systems), the CBMN laboratory (Chemistry, Biology of Membranes and Nano-objects) and the CHU (University Hospital Center) gather specialists in diabetes, pancreatic islet biology, microelectronics and automatic control in order to develop new solutions for glycemic measurement and regulation for patients with diabetes. The work of this thesis falls within this context. The goal is to use the tools of the robust control theory in order to develop new insulinotherapy algorithms that can adapt to the physiological variability of the patient (age, weight...). These algorithms will be evaluated in the UVA/Padova simulator, currently the only simulator approved by the FDA (Food and Drug Administration) for in silico pre-clinical tests., Aujourd'hui, les technologies de mesure CGM (Continuous Glucose Monitoring) et d’insulinothérapie par pompe à insuline révolutionnent le traitement du diabète. Les capteurs sont toutefois limités à la mesure de glucose et les algorithmes d’insulinothérapie sont ainsi limités. L’action menée par le consortium de recherche constitué de l'IMS (Laboratoire de l'Intégration du Matériau au Système), du CBMN (laboratoire de Chimie et Biologie des Membranes et Nano-objets) et du CHU (Centre Hospitalier Universitaire) de Bordeaux, rassemble des diabétologues et des spécialistes de la biologie des îlots pancréatiques, de la micro-électronique et de l’automatique, pour développer un nouveau dispositif de mesure et de contrôle de glycémie qui inclut la prise en compte de différentes hormones dans la mesure. Les travaux de cette thèse s’inscrivent dans ce contexte. Le travail de thèse consiste à utiliser les outils de la commande robuste pour établir de nouveaux algorithmes d’insulinothérapie (contrôle de pompe à insuline) permettant de s’adapter aux grandes variabilités des patients (âge, poids...) et des conditions de vie (sport, sommeil, repas de famille, etc.). La démonstration « in silico » des solutions développées est effectuée à l’aide du simulateur UVA/PADOVA, simulateur Matlab/Simulink certifié par la FDA (Food and Drug Administration) pour les essais pré-cliniques.
- Published
- 2022
41. Home I/O et Factory I/O logiciel de simulation pour l’enseignement des STEM
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Riera, Bernard, Emprin, Fabien, Université de Reims Champagne-Ardenne (URCA), Centre de Recherche en Sciences et Technologies de l'Information et de la Communication - EA 3804 (CRESTIC), Institut de Recherche sur l’Enseignement des Mathématiques de Reims (IREM), Centre d'Etude et de Recherche sur les Emplois et la Professionnalisation - EA 4692 (CEREP), Université de Reims Champagne-Ardenne (URCA)-Maison des Sciences Humaines de Champagne-Ardenne (MSH-URCA), Université de Reims Champagne-Ardenne (URCA)-Université de Reims Champagne-Ardenne (URCA), and MESRI (Ministère de l’Enseignement supérieur, de la Recherche et de l’Innovation)
- Subjects
ACM: K.: Computing Milieux/K.3: COMPUTERS AND EDUCATION/K.3.1: Computer Uses in Education ,automatique ,jeu-sérieux ,ACM: I.: Computing Methodologies/I.6: SIMULATION AND MODELING/I.6.8: Types of Simulation/I.6.8.5: Gaming ,ACM: I.: Computing Methodologies/I.2: ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE/I.2.9: Robotics ,[SHS.EDU]Humanities and Social Sciences/Education ,[INFO.INFO-AU]Computer Science [cs]/Automatic Control Engineering ,ACM: D.: Software/D.3: PROGRAMMING LANGUAGES ,Simulation de partie opérative ,retour d'expérience ,ACM: I.: Computing Methodologies/I.6: SIMULATION AND MODELING/I.6.1: Simulation Theory ,[SPI.AUTO]Engineering Sciences [physics]/Automatic - Abstract
International audience; HOME I/O is a home simulation for STEM (Science, Technology, Engineering and Mathematics) education. This software is the result of an R&D project between the CReSTIC laboratory of the University of Reims Champagne-Ardenne (URCA) and Real Games, partially funded by the French Ministry of Education. The main idea, from the beginning of the project, was to bring a virtual house into the classroom, adapted to learners and teachers and usable from college to university. HOME I/O is provided with CONNECT I/O, a software controller that can also be used as a gateway to connect to external equipment (PLC, microcontroller, Matlab, Labview...) using the Modbus TCP, OPC DA, OPC UA protocols... Feedback from teachers and students has been taken into account by regularly updating HOME I/O with new modules and new features such as the integration of Scratch 2.0 (2017) and the integration of Python 3.x (2019). HOME I/O is used in several French universities to introduce students to continuous control (with Labview for example), sequential control, SCADA (often with CONNECT I/O) as well as for IoT training (MQTT, Node-RED...). HOME I/O is used during lectures, tutorials, practical work or projects, allowing new teaching strategies to be developed. FACTORY I/O (https://factoryio.com/) is a new generation of 3D simulation software for industrial systemsFACTORY I/O is a new generation of 3D industrial system simulation software for training in programmable logic controllers (PLCs) and automation technologies. FACTORY I/O is intended for technical and professional education (high schools, IUT, BTS, engineering schools, licenses, masters...). It uses the same technologies as HOME I/O and is the successor of the ITS PLC software [1]. In this paper we will present these two tools as well as the analysis of the feedback of 77 students from three university courses: Licence 3 EEA (Electronics, Electrotechnics and Automation), first year of the A2I (Automatic and Industrial Computing Engineer) engineering cycle and university preparatory classes (CUPGE). This analysis allows us to understand the perception of the software (usefulness, playfulness, ...) and the skills that students say they have worked on (on the model of the evaluation of training by learners); HOME I/O est une simulation de maison pour l'enseignement des STEM (Sciences, Technologies, Ingénierie et Mathématiques). Ce logiciel est le résultat d'un projet de R&D entre le laboratoire CReSTIC de l'Université de Reims Champagne-Ardenne (URCA) et Real Games, partiellement financé par le ministère de l’Éducation Nationale. L'idée principale, dès le début du projet, a été d'amener une maison virtuelle dans la salle de cours, adaptée aux apprenants et aux enseignants et utilisable du collège à l'université. HOME I/O est fourni avec CONNECT I/O, automate logiciel pouvant également servir de passerelle pour se connecter à des équipements externes (API, microcontrôleur, Matlab, Labview…) au moyen des protocoles Modbus TCP, OPC DA, OPC UA... Les retours des enseignants et des étudiants ont été pris en compte en mettant régulièrement à jour HOME I/O avec de nouveaux modules et de nouvelles fonctionnalités comme l'intégration de Scratch 2.0 (2017) et l'intégration de Python 3.x (2019). HOME I/O est utilisé dans plusieurs universités françaises pour initier les étudiants à la commande continue (avec Labview par exemple), à la commande séquentielle, au SCADA (souvent avec CONNECT I/O) ainsi que pour la formation à l’IoT (MQTT, Node-RED…). HOME I/O est utilisé pendant les cours magistraux, les travaux dirigés, les travaux pratiques ou les projets, permettant ainsi d'élaborer de nouvelles stratégies d'enseignement. FACTORY I/O (https://factoryio.com/) est une nouvelle génération de logiciel de simulation 3D de systèmesIndustriels pour la formation aux automates programmables industriels (API) et aux technologies de l’automatisation. FACTORY I/O est destiné à l’enseignement technique et professionnel (lycées, IUT, BTS, écoles d’ingénieurs, licences, master…). Il utilise les mêmes technologies que HOME I/O et, est le successeur du logiciel ITS PLC [1]. Dans cette communication nous présenterons ces deux outils ainsi que l’analyse des retours d’expérience de 77 étudiants de trois filières universitaires : Licence 3 EEA (Electronique, Electrotechnique et Automatique), première année de cycle d’ingénieur A2I (Ingénieur Automatique et Informatique Industrielle) et de classe préparatoires universitaires (CUPGE). Cette analyse nous permet de comprendre la perception des logiciels (utilité, aspect ludiques, …) et les compétences que les étudiants disent avoir travaillé (sur le modèle de l’évaluation des formations par les apprenants)
- Published
- 2021
42. Active control of the frequencies of a tom-tom drum membrane: experimental implementation
- Author
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Wijnand, Marc, d'Andréa-Novel, Brigitte, Hélie, Thomas, Roze, David, Systèmes et Signaux Sonores : Audio/Acoustique, instruMents (S3AM), Sciences et Technologies de la Musique et du Son (STMS), Institut de Recherche et Coordination Acoustique/Musique (IRCAM)-Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Recherche et Coordination Acoustique/Musique (IRCAM)-Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), ANR-15-CE23-0007,Finite4SoS,Commande et estimation en temps fini pour les Systèmes de Systèmes(2015), Wijnand, Marc, and Fondements du numérique - Commande et estimation en temps fini pour les Systèmes de Systèmes - - Finite4SoS2015 - ANR-15-CE23-0007 - AAPG2015 - VALID
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Instrumental acoustics ,[PHYS.MECA.VIBR]Physics [physics]/Mechanics [physics]/Vibrations [physics.class-ph] ,[PHYS.MECA.VIBR] Physics [physics]/Mechanics [physics]/Vibrations [physics.class-ph] ,[MATH.MATH-OC] Mathematics [math]/Optimization and Control [math.OC] ,Contrôle en temps fini ,[PHYS.MECA]Physics [physics]/Mechanics [physics] ,Mécanique expérimentale ,[PHYS.MECA.ACOU]Physics [physics]/Mechanics [physics]/Acoustics [physics.class-ph] ,Automation ,Experimental mechanics ,[MATH.MATH-OC]Mathematics [math]/Optimization and Control [math.OC] ,[PHYS.MECA] Physics [physics]/Mechanics [physics] ,Acoustique instrumentale ,[PHYS.MECA.ACOU] Physics [physics]/Mechanics [physics]/Acoustics [physics.class-ph] ,Automatique ,Finite-time control - Abstract
International audience; Un projet de contrôle actif d’un tom est présenté. Cet instrument de percussion de type membranophone avec un couplage membrane–cavité est doté d’un haut-parleur pouvant modifier le volume de la cavité.Dans [1, 2], un modèle mécanique pour le système membrane–cavité–haut-parleur a été établi. Il s’agit d’un modèle linéaire et hybride (EDP–EDO). Une projection modale sur les modes axisymétriques (les autres modes n’étant pas influencés par la cavité) de la membrane circulaire attachée au bord couplée à une cavité [3], suivie d’une troncature aux N premiers modes axisymétriques, permettent d’obtenir un modèle EDO pur.À partir de ce modèle, un contrôleur a été conçu qui a pour but de modifier les fréquences et/ou amortissements des premiers N modes axisymétriques. Il nécessite une mesure de la pression dans la cavité et une mesure du dépla- cement transverse de la membrane supérieure, et fournit une loi de commande en courant pour le haut-parleur [1]. Pour une implémentation plus pratique, le déplacement transverse de la membrane supérieure peut être estimé à partir de la mesure de la pression dans la cavité en utilisant un observateur [2]. Le contrôleur (observateur- régulateur) résultant incorpore une loi de commande en temps fini. Si cette expression non linéaire permet d’at- teindre une cible plus vite qu’avec une loi de commande asymptotique classique, elle est très raide proche de la cible, ce qui peut mener à des problèmes numériques lors d’une implémentation expérimentale.Dans la présente contribution, une implémentation expérimentale de l’observateur-régulateur est présentée. Le tom est doté d’un haut-parleur basse-fréquence et un microphone à l’intérieur de la cavité mesure la pression. L’observateur-régulateur est implémenté sur un Coala [4], un microcontrôleur dédié au calcul en temps réel pour le contrôle actif d’instruments de musique. La membrane supérieure du tom est frappée par une baguette montée dans un support de frappe reproductible, adapté de [5]. Avant de tester le contrôleur, une identification des paramètres physiques est effectuée.Une première observation concernant la performance du contrôleur est que lors du calcul de l’observateur-régula- teur temps-fini, sa raideur intrinsèque mène à des oscillations numériques autour de zéro (chattering), ce qui se traduit en un son haute-fréquence produit en permanence par le haut-parleur. On montre qu’une linéarisation de la loi de commande non linéaire dans un petit intervalle autour de zéro remédie à cet effet parasitaire.Une deuxième observation est qu’il est en effet possible de modifier des fréquences des modes axisymétriques de la vibration de la membrane supérieure après un impact par la baguette. Toutefois, des écarts entre le modèle et les mesures sont observés. Nous supposons qu’ils sont en premier lieu dus à la non prise en compte dans le modèle de la propagation du son à l’intérieur du fût entre le haut-parleur et la membrane supérieure, ce qui peut mener à des interférences constructives/destructives en fonction de la fréquence (longueur d’onde).
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- 2021
43. An Explicit Reference Governor for the Intersection of Concave Constraints
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Emanuele Garone and Mehdi Hosseinzadeh
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Lyapunov function ,0209 industrial biotechnology ,Computer science ,Intersection (set theory) ,02 engineering and technology ,Constraint satisfaction ,Computer Science Applications ,Barrier function ,Constraint (information theory) ,Nonlinear system ,symbols.namesake ,020901 industrial engineering & automation ,Control and Systems Engineering ,Control theory ,Trajectory ,symbols ,Overhead (computing) ,constrained control ,Electrical and Electronic Engineering ,explicit reference governor (ERG) ,Gantry crane ,Automatique ,nonconvex constraints - Abstract
The explicit reference governor (ERG) is a simple and systematic approach that provides constraint handling capabilities to prestabilized systems. The basic idea behind this approach is to translate state and input constraints into an upper-bound on the value of the Lyapunov function, which is then enforced by suitably manipulating the derivative of the applied reference. When designing the ERG, one of the main challenges is the determination of an upper-bound on the value of the Lyapunov function that ensures constraints satisfaction. This paper proposes a systematic approach for estimating online the optimal upper-bound for systems subject to the intersection of concave constraints. To do this, the Barrier function method is used. The effect of the estimation error caused by the time-varying nature of the auxiliary reference on the constraint satisfaction capability of the ERG is studied analytically. A procedure is proposed to modify the estimated upper-bound to avoid constraints violation in the presence of estimation errors. The effectiveness of the proposed scheme is demonstrated through a simulation study on an overhead gantry crane system., SCOPUS: ar.j, info:eu-repo/semantics/published
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- 2020
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44. Data-driven modeling and optimal control of the production of Fructo-Oligosaccharides by Aureobasidium Pullulans
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A. Vande Wouwer, Michel Kinnaert, Julien Schorsch, Laurent Dewasme, Radhouane Fekih-Salem, C. C. Castro, and Anne-Lise Hantson
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0209 industrial biotechnology ,Maximum likelihood principal component analysis ,02 engineering and technology ,Contrôle des matériaux ,Industrial and Manufacturing Engineering ,Data-driven ,020901 industrial engineering & automation ,020401 chemical engineering ,Dimension (vector space) ,Parameter estimation ,Identifiability ,0204 chemical engineering ,Automatique ,Mathematics ,Prontryagin maximum principle ,biology ,Experimental data ,Optimal control ,biology.organism_classification ,Computer Science Applications ,Aureobasidium pullulans ,Control and Systems Engineering ,Modeling and Simulation ,Principal component analysis ,A priori and a posteriori ,Mathematical modeling ,Biological system - Abstract
The first objective of this study is to derive a macroscopic dynamic model of the production of Fructo-Oligosaccharides (FOS) by Aureobasidium pullulans based on sets of experimental data collected from batch and fed-batch cultures. The model should be of low dimension, so as to be identifiable based on the available data, and so as to be suitable for optimization and control purposes. A maximum likelihood principal component analysis is used to determine the appropriate number of reactions and the corresponding stoichiometry. Further, products of Monod factors are chosen to describe the reaction kinetics. The model parameters are estimated using a weighted least-squares method, and model simplification achieved by eliminating parameters associated to large uncertainties, are performed in a step-by-step, systematic way. In addition, the model structural identifiability is confirmed using generating series and the software GenSSI. Identification is successfully achieved, leading to satisfactory direct and cross-validation results. The second objective is to exploit the model and to maximize the FOS concentration at an a priori undetermined time using Pontryagin maximum principle. The optimal feed rate is in the form of a bang-bang control, which is easily implemented in practice., SCOPUS: ar.j, info:eu-repo/semantics/published
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- 2019
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45. Newton-based extremum seeking: A second-order Lie bracket approximation approach
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Emanuele Garone, Christian Ebenbauer, Michel Kinnaert, and Christophe Labar
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Hessian matrix ,0209 industrial biotechnology ,Computer science ,020208 electrical & electronic engineering ,Adaptive control ,Inversion (meteorology) ,02 engineering and technology ,Sciences de l'ingénieur ,First order ,Newton's method in optimization ,symbols.namesake ,020901 industrial engineering & automation ,Extremum seeking ,Control and Systems Engineering ,Lie algebra ,Second order Lie bracket approximations ,0202 electrical engineering, electronic engineering, information engineering ,symbols ,Applied mathematics ,Electrical and Electronic Engineering ,Newton-based optimization ,Automatique - Abstract
In this paper, we present novel multi-variable Newton-based extremum seeking systems, based on Lie bracket approximation methods. More precisely, we consider cost functions with an unknown mathematical description, but whose value can be measured on-line. We propose extremum seeking systems that approximate the Newton-based optimization law, by combining the on-line measurement of the cost with time-periodic excitation signals. The inversion of the Hessian matrix is avoided by introducing a first order dynamical system, whose output approximates the Newton step. This provides practical robustness with respect to ill-conditioned Hessian matrices. Semi-global stability properties of the proposed schemes are demonstrated both for static cost functions and for cost functions associated with a general non-linear dynamical system. The effectiveness of the approach is shown in simulations., SCOPUS: ar.j, info:eu-repo/semantics/published
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- 2019
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46. Constrained Control with Communication Blackouts: Theory and Experimental Validation over Wi-Fi
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Pezzutto, Matthias, Garone, Emanuele, Schenato, Luca, Pezzutto, Matthias, Garone, Emanuele, and Schenato, Luca
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info:eu-repo/semantics/published
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- 2021
47. Thrust vector control of constrained multibody systems
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Nguyen, Tam, Hosseinzadeh, Medhi, Garone, Emanuele, Nguyen, Tam, Hosseinzadeh, Medhi, and Garone, Emanuele
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This paper presents a general control framework for the constrained control of multibody systems actuated by vectorized thrusters. A cascade control scheme augmented with a constraint-enforcement unit is proposed to stabilize the system while ensuring constraint satisfaction at all times. The cascade controller consists of an inner loop and an outer loop that are interconnected by a suitable mapping. The inner loop is tasked to control the attitude of the vectorized thrusters. The outer loop is designed to steer the task configuration of the system to a desired pose, while providing to the inner loop the desired attitude through a mapping. To prove the stability of the interconnected system, input-to-state stability (ISS) and small gain arguments are used. All stability properties are derived in the absence of constraints and are shown to be local. Hence, the control scheme is augmented with a Reference Governor (RG) to enforce constraints at all times. Simulations on an unmanned tiltrotor docked to a stationary platform for a refueling operation are carried out to demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed control framework., SCOPUS: ar.j, info:eu-repo/semantics/published
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- 2021
48. MP-STSP: A Multi-Platform Steiner Traveling Salesman Problem Formulation for Precision Agriculture in Orchards
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Fabrizio Carpio, Renzo, Maiolini, Jacopo, Potena, Ciro, Garone, Emanuele, Ulivi, Giovanni, Gasparri, Andrea, Fabrizio Carpio, Renzo, Maiolini, Jacopo, Potena, Ciro, Garone, Emanuele, Ulivi, Giovanni, and Gasparri, Andrea
- Abstract
In this work, we propose a global planning strategy specifically designed for precision agriculture settings, where field activities may have different requirements ranging from a full orchard inspection to sparse targeted per-plant interventions. This global planning strategy is formulated as a novel Multi-Platform Steiner Traveling Salesman Problem (MP-STSP) where, in order to guarantee the exploitation of multiple moving platforms and the minimization of the overall operational time, the proposed formulation explicitly takes into account the time required to perform each task. By doing so, the computed itineraries attempt to balance the workload among the deployed platforms. Comparative simulations, inspired by the needs of the EU H2020 Project PANTHEON, are provided to numerically demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed planning strategy for an orchard precision agriculture setting., SCOPUS: cp.p, info:eu-repo/semantics/published
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- 2021
49. A sum-of-squares-based procedure to approximate the Pontryagin difference of basic semi-algebraic sets
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Cotorruelo Jiménez, Andrés, Kolmanovsky, Ilya I.V., Garone, Emanuele, Cotorruelo Jiménez, Andrés, Kolmanovsky, Ilya I.V., and Garone, Emanuele
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The P-difference between two sets A and B is the set of all points, C, such that the sum of B to any of the points in C is contained in A. Such a set difference plays an important role in robust model predictive control and set-theoretic control. In this paper, we show that an inner approximation of the P-difference between two sets described by collections of polynomial inequalities can be computed using Sums of Squares Programming. The effectiveness of the procedure is shown with some computational examples., SCOPUS: ar.j, info:eu-repo/semantics/published
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- 2021
50. A Distributed Optimal Power Management System for Microgrids with Plug&Play Capabilities
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Hosseinzadeh, Medhi, Schenato, Luca, Garone, Emanuele, Hosseinzadeh, Medhi, Schenato, Luca, and Garone, Emanuele
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In this article we consider the problem of managing the power flow among different components of a microgrid while ensuring that the demands of all loads are satisfied. In order to address this problem, we propose a distributed scheme where only one sensor (for each subgrid in the microgrid) broadcasts a single scalar variable though a wireless communication network (e.g. WiFi, ZigBee, cellular communication network). More precisely, in the proposed scheme each generation/storage subsystem is able to adjust its operating set-point only making use of the feedback from the sensors. This architecture provides the system with plug&play capabilities. Interestingly enough, the proposed scheme provides the optimal power flow for the whole microgrid without any information on the demanded load. In this article we apply the proposed approach to hybrid ac/dc microgrids; however, the scheme is general and can be applied to any type of microgrid. The effectiveness of the proposed scheme is evaluated through extensive simulations and compared with a centralized optimal strategy., SCOPUS: ar.j, info:eu-repo/semantics/published
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- 2021
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