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The article investigates the impact of degreasing temperature in the degreasing mixture PRAGOLOD 57N on cataphoretic painting using design of experiments (DoE). Key technological factors such as degreasing deposition time, concentration, cataphoretic deposition time, and voltage are examined for their effect on the thickness of the formed anti-corrosion layer. Cataphoretic painting, an economical and eco-friendly method, is widely used for treating metal parts in automotive and engineering industries. The study involves testing 88 samples, with thickness measurements taken via Elcometer 456C according to the ISO standards and graphical analysis performed using statistical software to optimize the process. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Automated driving frees users from the task of driving, allowing them to engage in new activities. Using keywords related to Non-Driving-Related Activities (NDRAs) and automated vehicles (and their variants), with reference to the Society of Automotive Engineers (SAE) levels 3, 4, and 5, the authors identified 2430 studies from various databases and sources. Of these, 47 were included in this study, with 39 included in the meta-analysis. The meta-analysis of the included studies shows a positive correlation between automation levels and the diversity of NDRAs. Communication and interaction with passengers are the most common activities, followed by media consumption, rest, and relaxation. Food and drink consumption slightly surpasses working and productivity, while personal habits and hygiene are less prioritized. Although some users still value vehicle monitoring, this need decreases with higher automation levels. Key activities such as communication, laptop use, and sleeping are highlighted as significant benefits of automation, as users transition away from situational awareness and are able to perform cognitively intensive tasks. The review also addresses potential design implications to support these NDRAs and discusses related regulatory challenges. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study developed a dynamic simulation model of hydrogen refueling station (HRS) for the refueling process from high-pressure bank (HPB) to vehicle tank (VT) of fuel cell electric vehicle (FCEV). The model validation was confirmed by comparison with the results from the experimental test of Society of Automotive Engineers (SAE) J2601 protocol. After the validation, the same components and their specifications are used for the analysis of the refueling characteristics in various initial and boundary conditions by a commercial process simulator (Aspen HYSYS). The pressure and temperature profiles of the VT and external temperature conditions were defined for the analysis of the hydrogen refueling characteristics. The dynamic simulation model was in a good agreement with the experimental data and supports to evaluate hydrogen refueling efficiency by the analysis of refueling characteristics. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper provides a comprehensive analysis of the electric-drive-wheel (EDW) with idler gear. From the perspective of automotive engineering, the EDW is an integrated execution unit that combines the function of powertrain and suspension. As a result, the research on EDW involves the intersection of multiple disciplines. The evolution of idler gear configuration requires some geometric constraints. Under this premise, the longitudinal and vertical dynamic characteristics of the system were studied, respectively. There are several factors that influence the system performance, such as the gear parameters, the position of the electric motor, and the suspension K&C value. The principles of each parameter on the output indicators were studied, with an optimized plan and simulation comparison to check the correctness of theory. In the end, the prototype was equipped with a test bench, covering a wide range of working operations to examine the expected performance of EDW design. The step response test of the EDW result showed a balanced performance in transmission smoothness and responsiveness agility. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Model‐Based Systems Engineering (MBSE) has been utilized within the automotive industry for several years. Increasing complexity due to highly automated, connected vehicles demands methods of coping with this complexity. In most cases, currently, only specific partial aspects or single methods of MBSE are used, which even varies across different companies. This paper aims to examine the current implementation of MBSE based on samples collected from companies acting within the automotive industry. Various aspects are explored, including the scope of application throughout the product life cycle, the use of simulation methods and the collaboration with other disciplines within product development. In the end, an evaluation discusses the reasons for the current state, and recommendations are given. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study comprehensively investigates a carbon fiber‐reinforced polyphenylene sulfide (CF/PPS) composite through tensile, fatigue, interlaminar shear strength (ILSS), dynamic mechanical tests (DMA), and also fractographic analysis. Prepared via hot compression molding, the CF/PPS composites exhibit a consistent quality. Tensile tests show an elastic modulus of 37.2 ± 0.2 GPa and an average tensile strength of 800 ± 73 MPa. Fatigue tests demonstrate infinite life at 1 million cycles, achieved at 80% of the maximum stress level. Fractographic analyses unveil directly attributable fiber failures (DAFFs), affirming a robust fiber/matrix interface. DMA shows a glass transition temperature of 86°C, showcasing the composite's structural integrity across varied temperatures. With an ILSS of 68.8 ± 3.5 MPa, the composite displays excellent fiber‐matrix adhesion. The results highlight the suitability of the CF/PPS composite for high‐strength and lightweight applications in the automotive sector, offering valuable insights for material selection, design, and production processes. Thus, contributing to the production of durable and efficient automotive components among the challenges of modern and safe transportation. Highlights: Comprehensive study on CF/PPS composites.Varied mechanical assessments: tensile, fatigue, ILSS, DMA.Uniform preparation via hot compression molding.Detailed fractography reveals a strong fiber/matrix interface.Suitability for high‐strength and lightweight automotive applications. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Society of automotive engineers (SAE) 52100 (100Cr6) steel, used in manufacturing bearings and shafts, deserves attention due to wear and corrosion problems that cause machine losses in the industry. To solve these problems, heat treatments such as quenching and tempering are adopted to reduce wear mechanisms. However, in this work, the effect of these previous heat treatments on the final properties of plasma nitrided steel at three different temperatures (400, 450, and 500 °C) is evaluated. Surface hardness, tribological behavior, and corrosion resistance are evaluated. In the results of Vickers hardness, wear, and electrochemical analysis, it is shown that performing plasma nitriding at 400 and 450 °C on previously heat‐treated SAE 52100 steel provides better mechanical resistance and chemical integrity in a corrosive environment, making the studied steel more comprehensive for important industrial applications. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Remotely operating vehicles utilize the benefits of vehicle automation when fully automated driving is not yet possible. A human operator ensures safety and availability from afar and supports the vehicle automation when its capabilities are exceeded. The remote operator, conceptualized as remote assistant, fulfills the legal requirements in Germany as a Technical Supervisor to operate highly automated vehicles at Society of Automotive Engineers 4. To integrate the remote operator into the automated driving system, a novel user-centered human–machine interface (HMI) for a remote assistant's workplace was developed and initially evaluated. The insights gained in this process were incorporated into the design of a workplace prototype for remote assistance. This prototype was tested in the study reported here by 34 participants meeting the professional background criteria for the role of Technical Supervisor according to the German law. Typical scenarios that may occur in highly automated driving and require remote assistance were created in a simulation environment. Even under elevated cognitive load induced by simultaneously engaging in a secondary task, participants were able to obtain sufficient situation awareness and quickly resolve the scenarios. The HMI also yielded favorable usability and acceptance ratings. The results of this study inform the iterative workplace development and further research on the remote assistance of highly automated vehicles. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Vehicle‐mounted displays are subject to some unique use‐cases and integration constraints that must be thoroughly considered during development to make the project successful, and the customer and end‐user pleased. This paper will touch upon some of the areas of automotive display engineering that deserves special attention. The automotive industry follows the development of MicroLED with excitement, as it holds promise of increased robustness and brightness, as well as new display types. This paper will examine some of the features that make MicroLED unique, the current state of research and its possible impact on the automotive industry. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Artificial Intelligence (AI) functionalities are increasingly being used in vehicle applications. While current product development models take the increasing proportion of software into account, the special requirements of artificial intelligence developments are hardly ever explicitly considered. The new requirements result both from increasing standardisation and regulation and from the iterative and explorative approach inherent in AI model development. This paper identifies the key adaptations to the standard automotive product development process that are required to cover the requirements of AI development. The adapted development model was trialled in two vehicle developments, the most important lessons learnt of which are summarised in this paper. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This manuscript presents an examination of the impact of geometrical and physical parameters on highway design speeds, critical for traffic safety and efficiency. Originating from a classical dynamics discussion in an undergraduate automotive technology engineering class, an exploration of the consequences of different geometrophysical considerations on a vehicle's dynamics over pavement surfaces is developed. Considering various analytical models, an assessment of their principles and the significance of geometric and physical concepts involved in the problem is made, such as plane of motion and trajectory curvature radius, on safe (non slippage) operational speeds. The subsequent comparative study shows that one of the most accepted models in highway design regulations in México, when used as reference, yields percentage error differences respect to others of 0 ≲ % E M a x ≲ 5 , as well as a consistent trend for relatively underestimating safe highway operational speeds. A discussion of the immediate implications of these findings, emphasizing the necessity of experimental studies to validate theoretical predictions, is presented. This work contributes to the field by providing a detailed comparison of analytical models under a general applied science perspective, suggesting modifications to current highway design practices in México based on geometrophysical insights. In summary, this work's main aim is to shed light on the intricacies of determining safe design speeds from an applied sciences point of view, while also calling for a reevaluation of the existing guidelines to enhance highway design and safety. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

To establish a foothold in the global market for traffic safety reflective signs, it is essential to develop a flat cube reflector that adheres to the regulatory standards set by both the United States Society of Automotive Engineers (SAE) and the Economic Commission for Europe (ECE). These standards primarily differ in terms of the specified observation angle and reflector value, with SAE requiring an observation angle of 0.2 degrees and ECE mandating 0.33 degrees. Leveraging sophisticated software tools, including SolidWorks, TracePro, Speos, LightTools, and Optiswork, allows for the meticulous optimization of the flat cube reflector to maximize its reflectivity. This optimization involves the precise arrangement of pins within the reflector, oriented unidirectionally. Our findings highlight the innovative potential of a singular flat cube reflector design that can simultaneously meet the stringent standards of both SAE and ECE. This dual-compliance capability holds significant promise for cost savings in the production of reflex reflectors intended for the European and American automobile markets. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This article discusses the use of Additive Manufacturing (AM) in automotive engineering, specifically focusing on the reliability of AM for advanced powertrain components. The study evaluates the mechanical behavior and microstructure features of samples made of AM 17-4PH steel, including engine exhausts, drive shafts, gearbox components, braking systems, and conrods. The researchers analyze the effects of sample geometry, size, and heat treatments on the properties of the samples. The study aims to provide insights for designing efficient prototypes using AM alloys and technology. The article also includes a list of references to other research papers and theses related to the fabrication and properties of stainless steel using AM techniques, providing valuable insights for researchers and engineers in the field. [Extracted from the article]

Driving automation systems, including autonomous driving and advanced driver assistance, are an important safety-critical domain. Such systems often incorporate perception systems that use machine learning to analyze the vehicle environment. We explore new or differing topics and challenges experienced by practitioners in this domain, which relate to requirements engineering (RE), quality, and systems and software engineering. We have conducted a semi-structured interview study with 19 participants across five companies and performed thematic analysis of the transcriptions. Practitioners have difficulty specifying upfront requirements and often rely on scenarios and operational design domains (ODDs) as RE artifacts. RE challenges relate to ODD detection and ODD exit detection, realistic scenarios, edge case specification, breaking down requirements, traceability, creating specifications for data and annotations, and quantifying quality requirements. Practitioners consider performance, reliability, robustness, user comfort, and—most importantly—safety as important quality attributes. Quality is assessed using statistical analysis of key metrics, and quality assurance is complicated by the addition of ML, simulation realism, and evolving standards. Systems are developed using a mix of methods, but these methods may not be sufficient for the needs of ML. Data quality methods must be a part of development methods. ML also requires a data-intensive verification and validation process, introducing data, analysis, and simulation challenges. Our findings contribute to understanding RE, safety engineering, and development methodologies for perception systems. This understanding and the collected challenges can drive future research for driving automation and other ML systems. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Wireless charging (WC) has gained popularity for the charging of electric vehicles in recent years of research, particularly dynamic wireless charging systems (DWCSs). Among the different topologies of DWCSs, this paper focuses on an inductively coupled wireless charging system (ICWCS). In this ICWCS, double-D (DD) coils create horizontal and vertical flux components between different pad configurations, which show optimal features in contrast to circular pad coils. In this work, the three-dimensional (3D) finite element technique (FEM) is used to establish the proposed design to observe the coupling coefficient, while the system design's performance is evaluated using a circuit simulator. In the simulation, the proposed DD coil configuration is used for both the transmitter and receiver sides. It provides the maximum coupling coefficient and efficiency at perfect alignment when using an in-between air gap of 166 mm and six I-type ferrite bars on the transmitter side and five I-type ferrite bars on the receiver side. The coupling coefficient and system parameters, such as power and efficiency, are considered for different misalignments in the proposed configuration. The results of this work satisfy the Society of Automotive Engineers (SAE) J2954 Class 3 criteria. The best results obtained are on account of optimizing the ferrite core, which is achieved by varying its length and width. While varying the ferrite core's dimensions, 0.2451, as the optimal k value, is obtained at the effective width and length of 57.5 mm and 400 mm, respectively. The simulation results of the Ansys Maxwell 3D software prove the feasibility of the proposed structure. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The advancement of information and communication technology allows for online learning through a variety of media platforms all over the world, one of which is video, which is available online. Video has become an important aspect of education and can be used to convey learning content in class, through blended learning, or through online programs. The goal of this study is to develop a QBIV and evaluate its effectiveness in learning. The learning QBIV was field tested on prospective vocational teachers. The effectiveness of QBIV was evaluated utilizing a posttest-only control group design on automotive vocational teacher candidates. The experimental group included 39 students, while the control group included 42 potential automotive engineering teacher students. The t-test was used to examine the significance of differences in student learning achievement between the experimental and control classes. The analytical results demonstrate that there is a significant difference in learning outcomes between the experimental and control classes. The experimental class outperformed the control class in terms of learning outcomes. As a result, using QBIV for learning is effective. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

By visualizing and engaging with the problem where many students struggle, mechanical engineering principles like Heat Transfer and FEM are better comprehended. Participating in design and development problems at the student level is one such approach that aids the students in picturizing, comprehending, and understanding the concepts. Students participate in a variety of racing competitions, such as the creation of the Quad Bike, Baja Buggy, Formula Student, etc. The students can create teams, build, and develop cars, compete against other teams nationally and globally, and more by taking part in these tournaments. Additionally, it improves the student's capacity for teamwork, empowers them to take on mission-driven projects, and develops their managerial and leadership abilities. Students improve their ability to comprehend, visualize a variety of engineering ideas during the process [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The main focus of this paper was to check the effectiveness of the Crossword Puzzle as a revision tool in technical education. This activity was implemented on a total of 70 students with 2nd year and 3rd year diplomas in automobile engineering. Pre-test and post-test analysis models are used to check the effectiveness of the Crossword Puzzle as a revision tool. The majority of students enjoyed this activity and responded to feedback questions in agreed and strongly agreed notes. Pre-test, post-test, and student feedback were conducted using Online Moodle software. Data collected were analyzed using MATLAB. Percentage improvement after every activity was calculated and found that student performance improved for both courses and all 11 units. The range of % improvement is from 10.92% in TMM unit-3 to 92.37% in ATS unit-1. Therefore, the Crossword Puzzle revision tool is recommended to be used in other courses in engineering education. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Summary: This paper addresses misalignment tolerance improvement and high‐efficiency maintenance for wireless power transmission systems. Firstly, a receiving coil is designed according to Standard J2954, published by the Society of Automotive Engineers. Next, a DDQ transmitting coil is designed to accommodate a constrained operating space. The structure and parameters of the transmitting coils are determined to obtain a high coupling coefficient when offset occurs. Subsequently, an analysis is carried out to determine the relationship between the coupler magnetic fields and power transmission ability. A current phase control strategy is developed to deal with the mismatched magnetic fields, and a switching threshold is selected to obtain high power transmission efficiency. Finally, an experimental system is set up using the designed coil. The experimental results demonstrate that the system can maintain high efficiency even when lateral misalignment occurs in different directions. A maximum transmission efficiency of 89.63% is obtained, which validates the effectiveness of the proposed method. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Military Engineer / Hadmérnök is the property of National University of Public Service and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Multi‐fidelity models are of great importance due to their capability of fusing information coming from different numerical simulations, surrogates, and sensors. We focus on the approximation of high‐dimensional scalar functions with low intrinsic dimensionality. By introducing a low dimensional bias we can fight the curse of dimensionality affecting these quantities of interest, especially for many‐query applications. We seek a gradient‐based reduction of the parameter space through linear active subspaces or a nonlinear transformation of the input space. Then we build a low‐fidelity response surface based on such reduction, thus enabling nonlinear autoregressive multi‐fidelity Gaussian process regression without the need of running new simulations with simplified physical models. This has a great potential in the data scarcity regime affecting many engineering applications. In this work we present a new multi‐fidelity approach that involves active subspaces and the nonlinear level‐set learning method, starting from the preliminary analysis previously conducted (Romor F, Tezzele M, Rozza G. Proceedings in Applied Mathematics & Mechanics. Wiley Online Library; 2021). The proposed framework is tested on two high‐dimensional benchmark functions, and on a more complex car aerodynamics problem. We show how a low intrinsic dimensionality bias can increase the accuracy of Gaussian process response surfaces. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The research problem is oriented to shortening the development time of products for the automotive and engineering industry and to improving their output properties, such as weight reduction by implementation of advanced design methods (DfAMs). The intention of the study is to achieve positive properties in components and to shorten the development phase when applying DfAM methods, specifically the use of topological optimization (TO). In development of the design methodology using TO, the procedure and results were addressed and consulted with a specific manufacturer in the industry who provided the necessary materials for the research. The methodology was formed based on the partial results and their analysis for selecting the right solutions, such as the analysis of traditional procedures, strength checks, meshes, boundary conditions, etc. The procedure and design were focused and limited to additive manufacturing, specifically SLM. The results agreed with the research aim, and a significant reduction in times was achieved over traditional design methods. There was also a reduction in masses. The research concludes with an evaluation of the results together with those of the manufacturer, and a statement of the benefits, particularly for the scientific discipline and practice. It was concluded that, by implementing the given design methods, it is possible to significantly reduce the financial costs with proper application, simplify the operation of design software and create the possibility of use in training workplaces. With further research and extension of the applicability of the given methodology, substantial positive factors for development can be assumed. However, it should not be forgotten that the use of DfAM methods is greatly influenced by advances in additive manufacturing. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of China Mechanical Engineering is the property of Editorial Board of China Mechanical Engineering and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

In recent years, 3D printing (Additive Manufacturing) has evolved substantially and very rapidly, which has resulted in high affordability for the purchase of 3D printers and diversified printing by professionals, hobbyists, or the curious. Consequently, this type of technology is in a continuous evolution beneficial to mankind and offers development opportunities for almost every field existing in our lives such as: automotive engineering, space engineering, medicine, psychology, etc. The paper presents the solid modeling of the components of a Wankel engine, the method of printing the components with the help of the 3D printer, at a reduced scale compared to the real one, followed by the realization of the engine assembly, using Inventor Student 2023. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Integrated computational materials engineering (ICME) is a simulation‐driven design approach that employs multiscale‐multiphysics modeling and is based on the understanding of process–structure–property–performance relationships. The ICME approach has attracted considerable attention in the automotive industry, considering that it significantly reduces development cost and time in optimization of materials and processes through computational advancement. This study presents a comprehensive review of ICME activities in advanced automotive manufacturing technology, which focuses on the life cycle of the automotive body structure such as structural material design, manufacturing process optimization, and reliability improvement in service quality. Results show that the ICME approach has been widely implemented in automotive manufacturing processes, from development of lightweight materials to performance management. However, further advances and technological strategies should be sought to develop more robust methodologies that can replace conventional experiment‐based design approaches. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In order to use gaseous hydrogen for mobility of light and heavy duty vehicles, the standard J2601 from the Society of Automotive Engineers (SAE) recommends that the temperature in the tank must not exceed 85 ° C for safety reasons. Prior experiments reported that a vertical thermal stratification can occur during the filling of horizontal tanks under specific conditions. Thermodynamic modeling of hydrogen tank filling can predict the average gas temperature but not the onset of stratification. In a previous study, the computational fluid dynamics (CFD) software OpenFOAM was used to carry out simulations of hydrogen filling for a type IV 37 L tank. The CFD results, by comparison with experimental results, were capable to predict the rise of the thermal stratification with however an underestimation of thermal gradient magnitudes. The maximal temperature predicted at the end of the filling was 15.05 ° C bellow the experimental measurements. In this work, the k − ω SST turbulence model is replaced by the k − ω SST SAS turbulence model to limit the prediction of high levels of eddy-viscosity in stagnation areas which over-diffuses the temperature. By using the same mesh as in the above mentioned study, (651 482 cells in the fluid region and 449 126 cells in solid regions), the k − ω SST SAS turbulence model is found to be more appropriate for CFD simulation of tank filling as it predicts a thermal gradient magnitude in the gas in better agreement with experimental measurements than the k − ω SST turbulence model for a similar time of simulation. The maximal temperature predicted at the end of the filling is 2.17 ° C bellow the experimental measurements. • The effect of turbulence modeling on thermal gradient prediction is clarified. • The k − ω shear stress transport (SST) turbulence model underestimates the thermal gradients. • The k − ω SST scale adaptive simulation (SAS) turbulence model improves thermal gradient prediction. • The k − ω SST SAS turbulence model is applied to different filling scenarios. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study introduces a novel deep modeling approach that utilizes Hamiltonian neural networks to address the challenges of modeling the six degrees of freedom rigid-body dynamics induced by control inputs in various domains such as aerospace, robotics, and automotive engineering. The proposed method is based on the principles of Hamiltonian dynamics and employs an inductive bias in the form of a constructed bias for both conservative and varying energies, effectively tackling the modeling issues arising from time-varying energy in controlled rigid-body dynamics. This constructed bias captures the information regarding the changes in the rigid body's energy. The presented method not only achieves highly accurate modeling but also preserves the inherent bidirectional time-sliding inference in Hamiltonian-based modeling approaches. Experimental results demonstrate that our method outperforms existing techniques in the time-varying six degrees of freedom dynamic modeling of aircraft and missile guidance, enabling high-precision modeling and feedback correction. The findings of our research hold significant potential for the kinematic modeling of time-varying energy systems, parallel system state prediction and control, inverse motion inference, and autonomous decision-making in military applications. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Laser cladding is a method to deposit a particular material on another surface. It enables materials to be deposited precisely, selectively, and with as minimal heat input as possible into the underlying substrate. This process improves a part's surface quality and wear resistance and allows for repairing damaged or worn surfaces. It is an eminent and effective process of repair manufacturing to create novel low friction materials for dry sliding. This technique is used in various industries, including automotive, medical, and manufacturing. Based on the powder injection technique, it benefits rapid production, parts repair, and surface coating, which often have low dilution, low porosity, and good surface homogeneity. Laser cladded brake discs are now well accepted in the automotive industry for their stable coefficient of friction (CoF), low wear of brake components, and minimum wear particle emissions. The future of next generation automotive brake discs lies with laser cladding surface modification, which imparts lower wear particle emissions with minimal deviation in the friction behaviour. This prolongs the brake disc's lifetime and prevents premature failure. The optimum CoF and lower wear rate would be the essential factors in selecting a coating material for producing stable friction layers in tribological research for brake discs. This paper delivers a broad understanding of the present state-of-the-art laser cladding process, mainly focusing on its application in the automotive brake disc industry. With the current research focused on next generation electric vehicles with zero emissions, this surface modification technique could be extensively used for coating automotive brake discs with powders such as TiB2, TiC, WC, WC-Co, and other Fe and cermet or metal-ceramic alloys. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The inductive charging stations of the future should be able to charge any car, regardless of the type of coil configuration attached to it. In this study the performance of different configurations of coils is investigated. Where the principle of interoperability is studied between the most common types of coils in the IPT system (rectangular and double-D) recommended by Society of Automotive Engineering (SAE) J2954. This interoperability analysis is done at a power level of 11.1 kVA and Z3-class ground clearance using the two types of coils on the side of the car, while double D (DD) is used as a general transmitter in one case, and in the other case, a rectangle (R) is used as a general transmitter. Four 3D finite-element models (FEMs), along with compensation circuits, are built to perform the interoperability tests. The circuit models are utilized to determine the frequency of operation and the parameters of compensation circuit that realize the rated power at highest efficiency. The concept of interoperability has been verified through multiple performance indicators, namely coupling coefficient, transmitted power, and transmission efficiency. These indicators were calculated at ideal alignment and the different cases of misalignment, whether lateral or angular. The findings prove that the two different types of receivers (R and DD) can work efficiently and smoothly with the general transmitter, whether DD pad or rectangular pad are used. At the same time, the nominal power can be transmitted at high efficiency, above the limits permitted by SAE j2954 (>85 % at alignment conditions and >80 % at misalignment conditions). [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The steering knuckle is a crucial component of student racing vehicles, designed by the Formula Society of Automotive Engineers (FSAE). Developing a lightweight (LW) vehicle that meets the requirements of the student formula car presents a challenge. This study presents a LW design of the steering knuckle using the Topology Optimization (TO) approach for the Formula Society of Automotive Engineers (FSAE) competition considering two different mass constraints (40% and 48%). Moreover, the research includes Stress–Life (SN) curves for three materials, structural steel, 4130 steel, and AISI 1020 steel, providing essential insights into the fatigue characteristics of the model. The results compare the three materials and two mass reduction levels, with steel 4130 achieving a significant mass reduction of 42.70%. Additionally, steel 4130 exhibits superior performance in weight reduction, stress, deformation, and safety aspects. The optimized design meets the criteria for strength, stiffness, and safety under various conditions. The fatigue analysis reveals that AISI 1020 and steel 4130 have superior endurance (1 × 105 and 2 × 105 cycles, respectively). This research provides significant contributions to the development of a LW, high-performance steering knuckle for student formula racing vehicles, highlighting the significance of TO and material selection in achieving optimal outcomes. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Optimized shelving racks through the use of high‐strength steel Warehouse technology worldwide is characterized by booming online trade, limited space capacities and greater heights of rack structures. However, the technical design of racking systems follows the rapid development in logistics only sluggishly. The potential of modern high‐strength steels, which have long been established in automotive and mechanical engineering, is not fully exploited in modern storage technology, even though shelving is predestined for the use of high‐strength steels. The aim of the FOSTA research project P1512 (IGF Nr.21465/N) was therefore to develop the material‐specific, manufacturing and dimensioning fundamentals for the use of high‐strength steels in shelving. For this purpose, on the one hand, the suitability of various high‐strength steels for their use in floors and supports was tested. On the other hand, the load‐bearing and stability behavior of shelf uprights made of high‐strength steel was analyzed through experimental investigations; numerical simulations are used to optimize upright geometries so that their cross‐sections can be utilized with the lowest possible material input. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The aim of the paper is to compare the effect of implementing a more extensive scope of methods and quality management approaches of the enterprises in wood processing, automotive and engineering industries in Slovakia. The automotive and engineering industries have been selected for comparison because there is a significant difference in the approach of the state support and incentives of these industries as well as they are important manufacturing industries with a significant GDP share and export rate in Slovakia. At the same time, there is a presumption of several common determinants of implementing quality management systems and the circular economy potential in comparison with the woodprocessing industry. The results of performed analyses revealed the existence of significant relations among capital structure and the complexity of using the quality management methods, tools and approaches. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Electric vehicles (EVs) enable the integration of powertrains with multiple motors, allowing for the adjustment of torque delivered to each wheel. This approach permits the implementation of torque vectoring techniques (TV) to enhance the vehicle's stability and cornering response, providing better control of yaw moments. This study utilizes comprehensive telemetry data and an advanced simulator model to assess the influence of torque vectoring (TV) on a Formula SAE (Society of Automotive Engineers) competition vehicle. The telemetry data were collected from a fully instrumented 2WD car, which was then employed to calibrate the simulation model. The calibrated model was subsequently utilized to predict the performance enhancements that could be achieved by implementing a 4WD system. The methodology proved to be a valuable contribution to vehicle design development. This approach also helps evaluate the potential advantages of torque vectoring for drivers with limited experience. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

We have entered a paradigm-changing era in the way chemists innovate. Many fields, such as automotive engineering and particle physics, rely today on accurate simulation before experimentation. In recent years, chemistry has entered a new phase of chemical solution design powered by a rich set of physics-based and augmented intelligence capabilities. This talk will present select case studies illustrating some of our latest physics-based simulation technology for developing and optimizing OLED materials. We will also introduce an enterprise informatics platform (LiveDesignTM) focused on chemical discovery, enabling multidisciplinary teams to amplify their development cycle with collaboration on a global scale. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Various petroleum-based polymers are being widely used in the automobile and aviation industries. However, the scarcity of petroleum-based polymers, their lack of biodegradability, and stringent environmental regulations lead researchers to look for green biopolymers/biocomposites as an alternative to petroleum-based polymers. Biopolymers have potential applications in various exterior and interior parts of an automobile, including steering, doors, wheels, electrical components, engine parts, exhaust systems, and so on. Almost all automakers are currently focusing on developing novel biopolymers, and they have successfully used bio-based materials in their newer version of automobiles, eventually replacing petroleum-based polymers. However, biopolymer uses in the aviation industry are not yet widespread because of stricter property requirements. Some advanced biopolymers are applied in interior aircraft panels, waste and drainage systems, engine components, cockpits, portholes, windshields, aircraft tires and inner tubes, exterior lighting, and helicopter windscreens. These materials are expected to substitute traditional plastics with the help of modifying agents, cutting-edge manufacturing technology, and a reliable supply chain of biopolymers. This review discusses the current practices, recent advances, and prospects of biopolymers in automotive and aviation engineering applications. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Journal of Forestry Society of Croatia / Sumarski List Hrvatskoga Sumarskoga Drustva is the property of Forestry Society of Croatia and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

This paper discusses the design of the student formula car's intake system, which includes the runners, restrictor, venturi and throttle body. The proposed system is built in accordance with Formula Society of Automotive Engineers regulations to guarantee quality. The standard engineering procedures will be used in the design of the intake manifold system, including computer modelling, engine simulation and finally computational fluid dynamics testing to validate the model and fine-tune the design for the intake manifold system as a whole to achieve the best performance. The power, efficiency and emissions of the engine are significantly influenced by the air intake manifold's structure and operation. A well-designed air intake manifold can improve engine performance by increasing airflow through the engine and lowering air restriction. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The Society of Automotive Engineers (SAE) J2945/1 standard for Dedicated Short Range Communication (DSRC) environmentutilizes transmit (Tx) power control and rate control elements for the periodic BSM transmissions, which are intended to work in a complementary manner. An equivalent standard for the cellular vehicle‐to‐everything (C‐V2X) communication environment is J3161/1, but it eliminates Tx power control and uses only rate control. However, the consequence is the degraded update delay of neighbouring vehicles' kinematics, potentially undermineing driving safety. In this Letter, the authors propose to retain the dual‐mode control in the C‐V2X environment and find a policy through reinforcement learning (RL) to adjust the rate control function to maintain synergy. Moreover, the authors can extract the RL‐created policy from the neural network so that it can be explicitly specified in the standard, and downloaded and used more conveniently by vehicles. Finally, the RL‐generated policy achieves a better packet delivery frequency than J2945/1 or J3161/1. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]