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1. Determinants of Multidrug-Resistant Mycobacterium tuberculosis Infection: A Multicenter Study from Southern Ethiopia

Author

Badgeba A, Shimbre MS, Gebremichael MA, Bogale B, Berhanu M, and Abdulkadir H

Subjects
multidrug-resistant tuberculosis, determinants, case-control, southern ethiopia, Infectious and parasitic diseases, RC109-216
Abstract

Abdulkerim Badgeba,1 Mulugeta Shegaze Shimbre,2 Mathewos Alemu Gebremichael,3 Biruk Bogale,4 Menur Berhanu,5 Hanan Abdulkadir6 1Department of Public Health, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, Werabe University, Werabe, Ethiopia; 2School of Public Health, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, 250012, China; 3Department of Public Health, College of Health Sciences, Bonga University, Bonga, Ethiopia; 4School of Public Health, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, Mizan Tepi University, Mizan Aman, Ethiopia; 5Ohio State University Global One-Health Initiatives, Arba Minch, Ethiopia; 6Department of Reproductive Health, School of Public Health, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, Arba Minch University, Arba Minch, EthiopiaCorrespondence: Mathewos Alemu Gebremichael; Biruk Bogale, Email alemumathewos2017@gmail.com; burabogale@gmail.comBackground: Multidrug-resistant tuberculosis (MDR-TB) continues to be a public health problem. Globally in 2019, a total of 465,000 people developed rifampicin-resistant TB (RR-TB), of which 78% had MDR-TB. There is a paucity of evidence on the determinants of MDR-TB in southern Ethiopia. Hence, this study aimed to assess the determinants of MDR-TB in southern Ethiopia.Methods: A hospital-based case–control study was conducted in southern Ethiopia. The cases were all MDR-TB patients attending TB clinics, and controls were all patients who were declared as cured or treatment completed. The cases were selected by consecutive sampling, and a simple random sampling technique was used for controls. Multivariable logistic regression analysis was done to identify determinants of MDR-TB. Adjusted odds ratios (AORs) with 95% confidence intervals (CIs) were computed, and statistical significance was declared at a P-value less than 5%.Results: A total of 191 participants, 67 cases, and 124 controls were included. TB patients facing social stigma (AOR = 8.9, 95% CI: 2.3– 34.6), living in a household with one room (AOR = 12.3, 95% CI: 2.3– 63.5), and two rooms (AOR = 9.7, 95% CI: 1.7– 54.8), having the previous history of TB treatment (AOR = 11.8, 95% CI: 2.9– 47), having baseline body mass index (BMI) less than 18.5Kg/m2(AOR = 4.5, 95% CI: 1.2– 16.8), and having pulmonary TB (AOR = 5.1, 95% CI: 1.33– 19.8) were determinants of MDR-TB.Conclusion: In this study, TB patients facing social stigma, living in one- and two-roomed houses, having a previous history of TB treatment, having low baseline BMI and pulmonary type of TB had higher odds of MDR-TB. Therefore, health workers in TB control programs should include mental health services in the TB care protocol, and priority should be given to malnutrition screening as a first-line diagnosis, nutritional supplements, and health education about proper housing.Keywords: multidrug-resistant tuberculosis, determinants, case-control, southern Ethiopia

Published
2022

2. Magnitude of Depression and Its Associated Factors Among Prisoners in Arba Minch and Jinka Town, Southern Ethiopia

Author

Abdulkadir H, Girma M, Gebru Z, Sidamo NB, and Temesgen G

Subjects
depression, prisoners, southern ethiopia, Psychology, BF1-990, Industrial psychology, HF5548.7-5548.85
Abstract

Hanan Abdulkadir,1 Meseret Girma,1 Zeleke Gebru,1 Negussie Boti Sidamo,1 Gebremaryam Temesgen2 1School of Public Health, Arba Minch University, Arba Minch Town, Ethiopia; 2Department of Midwifery, Arba Minch University, Arba Minch Town, EthiopiaCorrespondence: Hanan Abdulkadir, School of Public Health, Arba Minch University, Arba Minch Town, Ethiopia, Email hanuahi@gmail.comIntroduction: Globally, there is a rapid increase in the prison population, and one out of nine prisoners suffers from common mental disorders such as depression and anxiety. However, there is a limitation of study on the magnitude of depression and its associated factors among prisoners in low- and middle-income countries including Ethiopia.Purpose: To assess the magnitude of depression and its associated factors among prisoners in Arba Minch and Jinka Town, Southern Ethiopia, 2021.Patients and Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted among 650 selected prisoners in Arba Minch and Jinka Town. A simple random sampling technique was used to select the study participants. Data was collected using an open data kit and then exported to SPSS version 25 for analysis. Binary logistic regression analysis with a p-value < 0.05 with a 95% confidence level was used to declare statistical significance.Results: The magnitude of depression among the prisoners was 445 (72.0%) (95% CI: 68– 76%). Age ≥ 48 years (AOR = 3.09 95% CI 1.16– 8.28), being an urban resident (AOR = 2.21 95% CI 1.39– 3.49), using smokeless tobacco (AOR = 2.80 95% CI 1.50– 5.22), not doing physical exercise (AOR = 2.42 95% CI 1.54– 3.81), and lack of income generating job in the prison (AOR = 1.89 95% CI 1.19– 3.04) were significantly associated with depression.Conclusion: The magnitude of depression among prisoners was high. Age ≥ 48, urban residence, using smokeless tobacco, not doing physical exercise, and lack of income-generating job in prison were significantly associated with depression. Giving special attention and being supportive to older age, prohibiting the use of smokeless tobacco; facilitating places and materials for physical exercise and creating income generating opportunities by using prisoner’s skills and available resources, giving training for the health professionals working in the prison about diagnosis and treatment of depression, additionally giving training for the prisoners how to cope up with prison life may decrease the magnitude of depression among prisoners.Keywords: depression, prisoners, Southern Ethiopia

Published
2022

3. Assessment of Knowledge and Attitude of Cataract and Their Associated Factors Among Adults in Arba Minch Zuria Woreda, Southern Ethiopia

Author

Samuel M, Abdulkadir H, Girma M, and Glagn M

Subjects
cataract, knowledge, attitude, associated factors, arba minch zuria wereda, southern ethiopia, Ophthalmology, RE1-994
Abstract

Mesay Samuel,1 Hanan Abdulkadir,2 Meseret Girma,2 Mustefa Glagn2 1Wolayta Zone Health Department, Wolayta Sodo, Ethiopia; 2School of Public Health, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, Arba Minch University, Arba Minch, EthiopiaCorrespondence: Hanan AbdulkadirSchool of Public Health, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, Arba Minch University, Arba Minch, EthiopiaTel +251923590013Email hanuahi@gmail.comBackground: Cataract is the major cause of reversible blindness and visual impairment in developing countries. It has been assumed that there is poor access to information related to the cause, prevention, and treatment of cataract in developing countries. There is also a paucity of data on knowledge and attitude towards cataract in Ethiopia.Purpose: This study aimed to assess the knowledge and attitude of cataract and their associated factors among adults in Arba Minch Zuria Woreda, Southern Ethiopia.Patients and Methods: A community-based cross-sectional study was conducted among 623 adults from February 6 to April 16, 2020. The study participants were selected by the multi-stage sampling technique. Data were collected with a pre-tested structured questionnaire by using face-to-face interviews. The data were entered into Epi info version 7.2 and exported to SPSS version 23 for analysis. The level of statistical significance was set at a p-value less than 0.05 in multivariable logistic regression.Results: Among 623 total participants, 54.9% of them had good knowledge about cataract, while 37.9% of them had favorable attitude about cataract. Inability to read and write (AOR=0.104, 95% CI: 0.042– 0.258), primary school educational level (AOR=0.208, 95% CI: 0.091– 0.478), secondary school educational level (AOR=0.199, 95% CI: 0.088– 0.451), earning average monthly income 350– 820 Ethiopian birr (AOR=2.364, 95% CI: 1.277– 4.373), not having previous eye examination (AOR=0.605, 95% CI: 0.425– 0.861) and unavailability of eye clinic (AOR=0.65, 95% CI: 0.446– 0.945) were significantly associated with knowledge of cataract. No history of cataract (AOR=0.257, 95% CI: 0.157– 0.418) was significantly associated with attitude towards cataract.Conclusion: Significant portion of participants had poor knowledge and an unfavorable attitude towards a cataract. So, it is recommended that stakeholders in different hierarchies need to exert efforts on creating awareness about cataract by considering the education level of the community. Moreover, attention should be given to the availability and accessibility of the primary eye care unit.Keywords: cataract, knowledge, attitude, associated factors, Arba Minch Zuria Woreda, Southern Ethiopia

Published
2021

6. SPECTROSCOPIC EVALUATION OF THE EFFECT OF METHANOL EXTRACT OF SYZYGIUM AROMATICUM ON THE DISSOLUTION OF DIFFERENT BRANDS OF METFORMIN.

Author

GARBA, M. A., SHUAIBU, S. M., BASHIR, A., SULAIMAN, S. S., JANE, D., and ABDULKADIR, H.

Subjects
CLOVE tree, METFORMIN, TYPE 2 diabetes, DRUG bioavailability, BLOOD sugar
Abstract

Diabetes is defined as a chronic metabolic disorder characterized by increased blood glucose level (hyperglycemia) which is a result of defects in insulin secretion, insulin action or both. Metformin has been the preferred drug of choice in the first-line management of type 2 diabetes, particularly in overweight or obese patients with normal kidney function. Diabetic patients experiencing erectile dysfunction, tend to try out herbal medicines for a remedy. Some of these herbal medicines such as Syzygium aromaticum and Garcinia kola are ethno medicinally used as enhancement agents in treating erectile dysfunction. The study aimed to determine the effect of the methanol extract of Syzygium aromaticum (clove buds) on the dissolution profile of different brands of commercially available metformin tablets to determine whether or not there is a possible interaction. The dissolution study was carried out to simulate the gastrointestinal tract pH with and without the herbal drug. Ppotassium dihydrogen orthophosphate adjusted to pH 6.8 using 0.1M NaOH, served as dissolution medium. Five milliliters (5 mi) of samples were withdrawn at predetermined time intervals. The results obtained showed that the percentage of drug release was higher when metformin was introduced alone in the dissolution medium compared to when it was in combination with cloves. The study thus, showed that Syzygium aromaticum buds decreased the release of metformin tablets, hence, patients on metformin and clove buds should be advised to delay the administration of the herb to avoid possible interaction which may lead to a decrease in bioavailability of the drug resulting in therapeutic failure. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Published
2024

7. The relationship between the radii of the polepiece and the iron-shroud face tip in the design of the electron magnetic snorkel lens.

Author

Samuel, Awanees, Alabdullah, Abdullah I. M., Zeki, Mohammed Khayri, Abdulkadir, H. K., and Obaid, Hawaa A.

Subjects
IRON, SKIN diving, ELECTRONS, OPTICAL properties, REQUIREMENTS engineering
Abstract

The most well-known feature in showing the usefulness of magnetic lenses is the bipolar zone. The best in terms of projector focus and optical qualities. The most important aspect of the magnetic electron lens is the position of the electrode. Smoothly, the magnetic area rises up and equally with the biggest expected value, and it has got just a single vertex. This study aims to identify and access the relationship between the radii of the pole aperture and the iron arm aperture in the figure of the electronic magnetic lens of the snorkel kind, which starts (according to the design in this research) at (R = 2 mm) taking into account the rotational axis of the magnetic lens. The optical properties of the electron lenses are improved. We also notice from the results that the relationship between (R1 & R2) becomes linear for the period (R1>17mm), so the performance of the magnetic lens and its optical properties are in the best option at (R1 = 2 mm, R2 = 2 mm). which are values that are not suitable for practical applications, and describe the improvement in optical properties in the equation extracted from the calculations, where it was found that there is a close and direct relationship between the pole dimension (represented by the radius of the pole hole) and the iron arm dimension (represented by the radius of the iron arm), for the axis of the magnetic lens, where the designer can, and according to the engineering requirements, conclude geometrical parameters using the relationships between them. FEMM and MELOP have been used to check the ability of the lens axial magnetic field and focal optical properties. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Published
2023
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8. Pathogenicity of Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. lycopersici (Sacc.) Isolates in Causing Tomato Wilt Disease on Two Tomato (Solanum lycopersicum L) Varieties.

Author

Abdulkadir, H. K., Ekefan, E. J., and Gwa, V. I.

Subjects
*WILT diseases, *FUSARIUM oxysporum, *TOMATOES, *CROP yields, *AGRICULTURE, *FRUIT
Abstract

Pathogenicity test of Fusarium oxysporum isolates in causing tomato wilt disease (TWD) was carried out on two tomato varieties (UC 82B and Rio-grande) in a screen house located at the Teaching and Research Farm of Federal University of Agriculture, Makurdi during 2015 cropping season. The experiment was a 2 x 11 factorial laid out in Completely Randomized Design (CRD) and replicated three times. F. oxysporum isolates tested were coded as: FoAs1, FoAs2, FoAg, FoNb, FoSb, FoAm, FoAk, FoOr, FoAd and FoUAM together with an uninoculated control. All the isolates of F. oxysporum tested were pathogenic, causing wilt on the plants from 3 weeks after inoculation (WAI), with severity of wilt been significantly higher (P=0.05) in FoUAM. Isolates of F. oxysporum showed significant difference (P=0.05) both in incidence and severity compared with the control. Effect of F. oxysporum isolates on some agronomic characteristics such as plant height, number of fruits, fruit weight and number of branches on the two varieties of tomato at 12 weeks after sowing (WAS) was significantly different (P=0.05) with the control experiment. Highest severity score of 5.00 was calculated in FoUAM while the least of 4.33 was in FoSb compare with uninoculated value of 2.50. It is therefore, concluded that the two tomato varieties are pathogenic to F. oxysporum isolates and illicit disease in tomato hence reduced the yield of the crop. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Published
2023
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13. 6-THE ROLE OF CONVENTIONAL ULTRASOUND IN THE ASSESSMENT OF THYROID NODULES IN AL-SULAIMANYIA TERRITORY$

Author

Amer A M Ali, Abdulkadir H HasanARRAG, and Tahir A Hawrami

Subjects
the role of conventional ultrasound in the assessment of thyroid nodules in al, sulaimanyia territory, Medicine, Science
Abstract

A palpable thyroid nodule is a common clinical problem; the ultrasonography (US) and fine needle aspiration biopsy (FNA) are its main diagnostic tools. This article aimed to study the reliability and advantages of ultrasound as a diagnostic aid in predicting malignancy in thyroid nodules and to reduce the number of unnecessary surgery. Two hundreds and thirty three patients were examined by ultrasound, and then fine needle aspiration cytology under ultrasound guidance (US-FNAC) was done for 210 of them. From those 210 patients we obtained the histopathological proof of 58 patients who underwent surgery. We calculated the sensitivity, specificity and accuracy of US-FNAC. There are certain sonographic criteria that suggest malignancy these include microcalcification, irregular margins, and hypoechogenicity of the nodule. The sensitivity, specificity, and accuracy of US-FNAC were 80%, 96%, and 94% respectively. Although ultrasound can not reliably distinguish benign from malignant nodules, but it can identify suspected nodules based on certain sono-graphic criteria.

Published
2009
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15. Detection of Low-Abundance DNA Modifications Using Signal Amplification-Based Immunocytochemistry

Author

AlessanRSS Reis, Alexey Ruzov, and Abdulkadir H Abakir

Subjects
0303 health sciences, biology, medicine.diagnostic_test, Chemistry, Immunocytochemistry, Colocalization, Immunofluorescence, Primary and secondary antibodies, Cell biology, 03 medical and health sciences, chemistry.chemical_compound, 0302 clinical medicine, 030220 oncology & carcinogenesis, biology.protein, medicine, Immunohistochemistry, Epigenetics, DNA, Immunostaining, 030304 developmental biology
Abstract

Immunocytochemistry can be instrumental in assessing the spatial distribution and relative levels of epigenetic modifications. Although conventional immunostaining has been utilized for the detection of 5-methylcytosine (5mC) in animal cells and tissues for several decades, the sensitivity of techniques based on the use of fluorophore-conjugated secondary antibodies is not always sufficient for studying DNA modifications that are less abundant in DNA compared with 5mC. Here we describe a protocol for sensitive immunocytochemistry that utilizes peroxidase-conjugated secondary antibodies coupled with catalyzed reporter deposition and allows for detection of low-abundance noncanonical bases (e.g., 5-carboxylcytosine, 5caC, 5-formylcytosine, 5fC, 5-hydroxymethyluracil, 5hmU) in mammalian DNA. This method can be employed for evaluation of the levels and nuclear distribution of DNA modifications and permits their colocalization with protein markers in animal cells.

Published
2020

18. The role of percutaneous transhepatic cholangiography, endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography and ultrasonography in evaluation of obstructive jaundice

Author

Hasan, Abdulkadir H.

Subjects
610
Abstract

Owing to the high morbidity and mortality associated with laparotomy on patients with obstructive jaundice (Vellacott and Powell, 1979) and the short life expectance of the patients with malignant obstruction (Sarr and Cameron, 1982; Ubhi & Doran, 1986), there has been a recent swing in the management of patients with malignant biliary obstruction towards stenting the biliary system endoscopically or percutaneously rather than undertaking surgery (Bornman et al. 1986, Speer et al. 1987). Most of these patients underging stenting will not have surgical or histo-pathological confirmation of their disease. Therefore, it is essential to know the accuracy of radiological and imaging investigations, so that one can avoid the pitfall of failing to offer surgery to patients with curable disease. On the other hand, if radiology was sufficiently reliable one could avoid unnecessary laparotomy in patients with unresectable malignant obstruction. Furthermore, the precise diagnosis of the condition seems very important in determining the prognosis and the correct management (Ferrucci et al. 1983). STUDY I The work commenced with a retospective appraisal of the diagnostic value, usefulness and complications of percutaneous transhepatic cholangiography (PTC), endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography (ERCP) and ultrasonography of the upper abdomen (US) in 112 patients with obstructive jaundice. This was followed by a prospective evaluation of another 83 patients from the same department. US was considered satisfactory by the radiologist undertaking the procedure in 82% of the attempted scans. The main cause (87%) for unsatisfactory US scans was excessive bowel gas. PTC and ERCP were successful in outlining the biliary system in 96% (131/137) and 80% (72/90) of cases respectively. US and diagnostic ERCP were not associated with any complication. However, therapeutic ERCP was associated with a 19% (10/52) incidence of major complications including five deaths; these figures are comparable with those reported recently in other studies with regard to the palliative biliary stenting (Speer et al. 1987). The use of endoscopic sphincterotomy in young patients with choledocholithiasis who is not considered a high-risk candidate for surgery therefore is not recommended. On the other hand, PTC was associated with a 6.7% (9/135) major complication rate; this included three deaths, three cases of septicaemia, two cases of severe and repeated attacks of cholangitis, and one symptomatic bile leakage which precipitated an emergency laparotomy. There were no statistically significant differences in the maximum diameters of the common bile duct, common hepatic duct, gall-bladder and intrahepatic ducts in patients who developed complications compared to those who did not following PTC. Furthermore, there were no statistically significant differences regarding the incidence of complications in patients who had PTC alone and those who had PTC combined with percutaneous transhepatic biliary drainage (PTD). The overall diagnostic accuracy of the successful procedures as based on the original interpretation of the results were 78% for PTC, 84% for ERCP, and 50% for US. The figures are comparable with the results of similar studies (Gibbons et al. 1983; Gregg & McDonald, 1979; Matzen et al. 1982; Pedersen et al. 1985). However, the essential nature of the investigations in determining the management was for the first time considered in this study.

Published
1988

24. Socio-economics and wildlife conservation of a peri-urban national park in central Kenya

Author

Moses Lekishon Kenana, Alfred O. Owino, and Abdulkadir H. Jillo

Subjects
Ecology, business.industry, National park, Wildlife, Livelihood, PE&RC, Geography, Agriculture, Ecotourism, Wildlife Ecology and Conservation, tourism, Livestock, Socioeconomics, business, Tourism, Nature and Landscape Conservation, Wildlife conservation
Abstract

The support, perceptions, values and aspiration of the local people, especially those who neighbour protected areas is increasingly recognised as critical for long-term biodiversity conservation in many countries. As such, conservation agencies are keen to understand the linkages and interactions between wildlife conservation and socio-economics of local communities. We assessed the socio-economic, demographic factors and livelihood status of the households of communities bordering Oldoinyo Sapuk National Park in central Kenya, and evaluated their willingness to support wildlife conservation. We randomly interviewed households that neighbour the Park on a wide range of socio-economic, livelihood and demographic factors. The majority of respondents were small-scale farmers practicing crop farming and livestock keeping. Most respondents considered the Park to have great potential for the future economic development of the area, especially through ecotourism as a potential avenue to support local livelihoods.

Published
2012

26. Evaluating Mobility Management Models for Content Forwarding in Named Data Networking Environments.

Author

Ahmed, Muhammed Zaharadeen, Hashim, Aisha Hassan Abdalla, Khalifa, Othman O., Alkali, Abdulkadir H., Midi, Nur Shahida Bt, and Rahman, Faridah Bt Abd.

Subjects
VERNACULAR architecture, PERFORMANCE management, DELAY-tolerant networks
Abstract

Named Data Networking (NDN) performs its routing and forwarding decisions using name prefixes. This removes some of the issues affecting addresses in our traditional IP architecture such as limitation in address allocation and management, and even NAT translations etcetera. Another positivity of NDN is its ability to use the conventional routing like the link state and distance vector algorithm. In route announcement, NDN node broadcasts its name prefix which consists of the knowledge of the next communicating node. In this paper, we evaluate the performance of mobility management models used in forwarding NDN contents to a next hop. This makes it crucial to select an approach of mobility model that translates the nature of movement of the NDN mobile routers. A detailed analysis of the famous mobility model such as the Random Waypoint mobility and Constant Velocity were computed to determine the mobility rate of the NDN mobile router. Simulation analysis was carried out using ndnSIM 2.1 on Linux Version 16.1. we build and compile with modules and libraries in NS-3.29. The sample of movement of the mobile router is illustrated and our result present the viability of the Constant Velocity model as compared with the Random Way point. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Published
2019
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27. Mechanical and Thermal Properties of the Waste Low and High Density Polyethylene-nanoclay Composites.

Author

HADI, ARKAN J., ABDULKADIR, H. K., HADI, GHASSAN J., YUSOH, KAMAL BIN, and HASANY, SYED FARHAN

Subjects
HIGH density polyethylene, POLYMERIC composites, MECHANICAL behavior of materials, POLYOLEFINS, REPRECIPITATION (Chemistry), MONTMORILLONITE, THERMAL properties
Abstract

In extension with the previous work, recycling of the waste polyolefins by dissolution/reprecipitation method, has been investigated. The goal of study was to explore the influence of organo-modified/unmodified sodium montmorillonite clays, on the behaviours of waste polyolefins inclusive low density polyethylene (LDPE) and high density polyethylene (HDPE). 1-5 wt % of unmodified (MMT) and Organo-modified clay (OMMT) were added to the polyolefins, to prepare polyolefin-clay nanocomposites by melt intercalation method. X-ray diffraction (XRD) and Field Emission Scanning Electron Microscope (FESEM) were used to estimate the dispersion of clay in the polymer matrices and the morphology of nanocomposites. Thermogravimetric analysis (TGA) and Differential Scanning Calorimetry (DSC) were used to analyse the change in the thermic properties of the waste polyolefins nanocomposites. The XRD and FESEM results showed an intercalated structure in the HDPE and LDPE with Organo-clay nanocomposites, whereas no exfoliation was observed with unmodified clay in both waste HDPE and LDPE, respectively. DSC and TGA, showed an improved thermal behaviours in the HDPE/Organo-clay nanocomposites (3 wt%) clay loading. Melting temperature and crystallization percentage were observed to increase in 1, 2, and 3 wt% loadings. In waste LDPE/clay nanocomposites, no improvement was established in the thermal stability. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Published
2018
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28. 135 IN VITRO AZACITIDINE CULTURE INDUCES DNA DEMETHYLATION AND INCREASED MRNA-LEVELS IN PRIMARY MDS PROGENITOR CELLS

Author

Abdulkadir, H., primary, Tobiasson, M., additional, Lennartsson, A., additional, Katayama, S., additional, Marabita, F., additional, Karimi, M., additional, Qu, Y., additional, Einarsdottir, E., additional, Grövdal, M., additional, Jansson, M., additional, Azenkoud, A. Ben, additional, Lehmann, S., additional, Ekwall, K., additional, Kere, J., additional, Hellström-Lindberg, E., additional, and Ungerstedt, J., additional

Published
2015
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34. Polymer-immobilized <TOGGLE>N,N</TOGGLE>'-bis(acetylacetone)ethylenediamine cobalt(II) Schiff base complex and its catalytic activity in comparison with that of its homogenized analogue

Author

Gupta, K. C., Abdulkadir, H. K., and Chand, S.

Abstract

For the preparation of a heterogenized N,N'-bis(acetylacetone)ethylenediamine cobalt(II) Schiff base complex, first crosslinked polymer beads were prepared by the suspension copolymerization of styrene (48.97 mmol, 5.1 g), allyl chloride (48.97 mmol, 3.746 g), and divinyl benzene (DVB; 1.75 mmol, 0.228 g) in the presence of azobisisobutyronitrile (0.9 × 10−3 mmol, 0.15 g) as an initiator at 23 ± 0.1°C under an inert atmosphere. The copolymerization of styrene, allyl chloride in the presence of gelatin (0.75 g), bentonite (2.0 g), and boric acid (2.5 g) produced beads of different crosslinked densities corresponding to the concentration of DVB in the reaction mixture. The amount of allyl chloride in the prepared beads varied from 5.40 to 7.40 mmol g−1 of beads with the amount of DVB varying from 2.0 to 0.8 mmol in the reaction mixture. A quadridentate Schiff base (acen) was prepared with ethylenediamine (5.0 mmol, 0.3 g) and acetylacetone (10.0 mmol, 1.0 g), and it was used to obtain a homogenized and heterogenized Co(II)(acen)2 complex. The extent and arrangement of the Schiff base (acen) in the crosslinked beads depended on the availability of DVB in the reaction mixture. The amount of DVB in the reaction mixture influenced the extent of cobalt(II) ion loading, the degree of swelling, the porosity, and the pore size in the prepared beads. The beads (type IV) prepared with 1.75 mmol (0.228 g) of DVB in the reaction mixture showed a degree of swelling of 9.65% and efficiencies of loading and complexation for cobalt(II) ions of 49.4 and 85%, respectively, in comparison with beads obtained at other concentrations of DVB in the reaction mixture. The structure of free and polymer-supported Co(II)(acen)2 complexes was verified with IR, UV, and magnetic measurements, which suggested a square planar geometry for the complexes under both conditions. The catalytic activities of the homogenized and heterogenized Co(II)(acen)2 complexes were compared by the evaluation of the rate constant (k) for the decomposition of hydrogen peroxide. The heterogenized Co(II)(acen)2 complex showed a high catalytic activity for the decomposition of hydrogen peroxide (k = 2.02 × 10−4 s−1) in comparison with the homogenized Co(II)(acen)2 complex (k = 4.32 × 10−6 s−1). The energy of activation for the decomposition of hydrogen peroxide with the heterogenized Co(II)(acen)2 complex was low (38.52 kJ mol−1) in comparison with that for the homogenized complex (73.44 kJ mol−1). In both cases, the rate of decomposition of hydrogen peroxide was directly proportional to the concentration of hydrogen peroxide and cobalt(II) ions. On the basis of experimental observations, a rate expression for the decomposition of hydrogen peroxide was derived. © 2003 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci 90: 1398–1411, 2003

Published
2003
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36. The global burden of cancer attributable to risk factors, 2010–19 : A systematic analysis for the Global Burden of Disease Study 2019

Author

Khanh Bao Tran, Justin J Lang, Kelly Compton, Rixing Xu, Alistair R Acheson, Hannah Jacqueline Henrikson, Jonathan M Kocarnik, Louise Penberthy, Amirali Aali, Qamar Abbas, Behzad Abbasi, Mohsen Abbasi-Kangevari, Zeinab Abbasi-Kangevari, Hedayat Abbastabar, Michael Abdelmasseh, Sherief Abd-Elsalam, Ahmed Abdelwahab Abdelwahab, Gholamreza Abdoli, Hanan Abdulkadir Abdulkadir, Aidin Abedi, Kedir Hussein Abegaz, Hassan Abidi, Richard Gyan Aboagye, Hassan Abolhassani, Abdorrahim Absalan, Yonas Derso Abtew, Hiwa Abubaker Ali, Eman Abu-Gharbieh, Basavaprabhu Achappa, Juan Manuel Acuna, Daniel Addison, Isaac Yeboah Addo, Oyelola A Adegboye, Miracle Ayomikun Adesina, Mohammad Adnan, Qorinah Estiningtyas Sakilah Adnani, Shailesh M Advani, Sumia Afrin, Muhammad Sohail Afzal, Manik Aggarwal, Bright Opoku Ahinkorah, Araz Ramazan Ahmad, Rizwan Ahmad, Sajjad Ahmad, Sohail Ahmad, Sepideh Ahmadi, Haroon Ahmed, Luai A Ahmed, Muktar Beshir Ahmed, Tarik Ahmed Rashid, Wajeeha Aiman, Marjan Ajami, Gizachew Taddesse Akalu, Mostafa Akbarzadeh-Khiavi, Addis Aklilu, Maxwell Akonde, Chisom Joyqueenet Akunna, Hanadi Al Hamad, Fares Alahdab, Fahad Mashhour Alanezi, Turki M Alanzi, Saleh Ali Alessy, Abdelazeem M Algammal, Mohammed Khaled Al-Hanawi, Robert Kaba Alhassan, Beriwan Abdulqadir Ali, Liaqat Ali, Syed Shujait Ali, Yousef Alimohamadi, Vahid Alipour, Syed Mohamed Aljunid, Motasem Alkhayyat, Sadeq Ali Ali Al-Maweri, Sami Almustanyir, Nivaldo Alonso, Shehabaldin Alqalyoobi, Rajaa M Al-Raddadi, Rami H Hani Al-Rifai, Salman Khalifah Al-Sabah, Ala'a B Al-Tammemi, Haya Altawalah, Nelson Alvis-Guzman, Firehiwot Amare, Edward Kwabena Ameyaw, Javad Javad Aminian Dehkordi, Mohammad Hosein Amirzade-Iranaq, Hubert Amu, Ganiyu Adeniyi Amusa, Robert Ancuceanu, Jason A Anderson, Yaregal Animut Animut, Amir Anoushiravani, Ali Arash Anoushirvani, Alireza Ansari-Moghaddam, Mustafa Geleto Ansha, Benny Antony, Maxwell Hubert Antwi, Sumadi Lukman Anwar, Razique Anwer, Anayochukwu Edward Anyasodor, Jalal Arabloo, Morteza Arab-Zozani, Olatunde Aremu, Ayele Mamo Argaw, Hany Ariffin, Timur Aripov, Muhammad Arshad, Al Artaman, Judie Arulappan, Raphael Taiwo Aruleba, Armin Aryannejad, Malke Asaad, Mulusew A Asemahagn, Zatollah Asemi, Mohammad Asghari-Jafarabadi, Tahira Ashraf, Reza Assadi, Mohammad Athar, Seyyed Shamsadin Athari, Maha Moh'd Wahbi Atout, Sameh Attia, Avinash Aujayeb, Marcel Ausloos, Leticia Avila-Burgos, Atalel Fentahun Awedew, Mamaru Ayenew Awoke, Tewachew Awoke, Beatriz Paulina Ayala Quintanilla, Tegegn Mulatu Ayana, Solomon Shitu Ayen, Davood Azadi, Sina Azadnajafabad, Saber Azami-Aghdash, Melkalem Mamuye Azanaw, Mohammadreza Azangou-Khyavy, Amirhossein Azari Jafari, Hosein Azizi, Ahmed Y Y Azzam, Amirhesam Babajani, Muhammad Badar, Ashish D Badiye, Nayereh Baghcheghi, Nader Bagheri, Sara Bagherieh, Saeed Bahadory, Atif Amin Baig, Jennifer L Baker, Ahad Bakhtiari, Ravleen Kaur Bakshi, Maciej Banach, Indrajit Banerjee, Mainak Bardhan, Francesco Barone-Adesi, Fabio Barra, Amadou Barrow, Nasir Z Bashir, Azadeh Bashiri, Saurav Basu, Abdul-Monim Mohammad Batiha, Aeysha Begum, Alehegn Bekele Bekele, Alemayehu Sayih Belay, Melaku Ashagrie Belete, Uzma Iqbal Belgaumi, Arielle Wilder Bell, Luis Belo, Habib Benzian, Alemshet Yirga Berhie, Amiel Nazer C Bermudez, Eduardo Bernabe, Akshaya Srikanth Bhagavathula, Neeraj Bhala, Bharti Bhandari Bhandari, Nikha Bhardwaj, Pankaj Bhardwaj, Krittika Bhattacharyya, Vijayalakshmi S Bhojaraja, Soumitra S Bhuyan, Sadia Bibi, Awraris Hailu Bilchut, Bagas Suryo Bintoro, Antonio Biondi, Mesfin Geremaw Birega Birega, Habitu Eshetu Birhan, Tone Bjørge, Oleg Blyuss, Belay Boda Abule Bodicha, Srinivasa Rao Bolla, Archith Boloor, Cristina Bosetti, Dejana Braithwaite, Michael Brauer, Hermann Brenner, Andrey Nikolaevich Briko, Nikolay Ivanovich Briko, Christina Maree Buchanan, Norma B Bulamu, Maria Teresa Bustamante-Teixeira, Muhammad Hammad Butt, Nadeem Shafique Butt, Zahid A Butt, Florentino Luciano Caetano dos Santos, Luis Alberto Cámera, Chao Cao, Yin Cao, Giulia Carreras, Márcia Carvalho, Francieli Cembranel, Ester Cerin, Promit Ananyo Chakraborty, Periklis Charalampous, Vijay Kumar Chattu, Odgerel Chimed-Ochir, Jesus Lorenzo Chirinos-Caceres, Daniel Youngwhan Cho, William C S Cho, Devasahayam J Christopher, Dinh-Toi Chu, Isaac Sunday Chukwu, Aaron J Cohen, Joao Conde, Sandra Cortés, Vera Marisa Costa, Natália Cruz-Martins, Garland T Culbreth, Omid Dadras, Fentaw Teshome Dagnaw, Saad M A Dahlawi, Xiaochen Dai, Lalit Dandona, Rakhi Dandona, Parnaz Daneshpajouhnejad, Anna Danielewicz, An Thi Minh Dao, Reza Darvishi Cheshmeh Soltani, Aso Mohammad Darwesh, Saswati Das, Dragos Virgil Davitoiu, Elham Davtalab Esmaeili, Fernando Pio De la Hoz, Sisay Abebe Debela, Azizallah Dehghan, Biniyam Demisse, Fitsum Wolde Demisse, Edgar Denova-Gutiérrez, Afshin Derakhshani, Meseret Derbew Molla, Diriba Dereje, Kalkidan Solomon Deribe, Rupak Desai, Markos Desalegn Desalegn, Fikadu Nugusu Dessalegn, Samuel Abebe A Dessalegni, Gashaw Dessie, Abebaw Alemayehu Desta, Syed Masudur Rahman Dewan, Samath Dhamminda Dharmaratne, Meghnath Dhimal, Mostafa Dianatinasab, Nancy Diao, Daniel Diaz, Lankamo Ena Digesa, Shilpi Gupta Dixit, Saeid Doaei, Linh Phuong Doan, Paul Narh Doku, Deepa Dongarwar, Wendel Mombaque dos Santos, Tim Robert Driscoll, Haneil Larson Dsouza, Oyewole Christopher Durojaiye, Sareh Edalati, Fatemeh Eghbalian, Elham Ehsani-Chimeh, Ebrahim Eini, Michael Ekholuenetale, Temitope Cyrus Ekundayo, Donatus U Ekwueme, Maha El Tantawi, Mostafa Ahmed Elbahnasawy, Iffat Elbarazi, Hesham Elghazaly, Muhammed Elhadi, Waseem El-Huneidi, Mohammad Hassan Emamian, Luchuo Engelbert Bain, Daniel Berhanie Enyew, Ryenchindorj Erkhembayar, Tegegne Eshetu, Babak Eshrati, Sharareh Eskandarieh, Juan Espinosa-Montero, Farshid Etaee, Azin Etemadimanesh, Tahir Eyayu, Ifeanyi Jude Ezeonwumelu, Sayeh Ezzikouri, Adeniyi Francis Fagbamigbe, Saman Fahimi, Ildar Ravisovich Fakhradiyev, Emerito Jose A Faraon, Jawad Fares, Abbas Farmany, Umar Farooque, Hossein Farrokhpour, Abidemi Omolara Fasanmi, Ali Fatehizadeh, Wafa Fatima, Hamed Fattahi, Ginenus Fekadu, Berhanu Elfu Feleke, Allegra Allegra Ferrari, Simone Ferrero, Lorenzo Ferro Desideri, Irina Filip, Florian Fischer, Roham Foroumadi, Masoud Foroutan, Takeshi Fukumoto, Peter Andras Gaal, Mohamed M Gad, Muktar A Gadanya, Abduzhappar Gaipov, Nasrin Galehdar, Silvano Gallus, Tushar Garg, Mariana Gaspar Fonseca, Yosef Haile Gebremariam, Teferi Gebru Gebremeskel, Mathewos Alemu Gebremichael, Yohannes Fikadu Geda, Yibeltal Yismaw Gela, Belete Negese Belete Gemeda, Melaku Getachew, Motuma Erena Getachew, Kazem Ghaffari, Mansour Ghafourifard, Seyyed-Hadi Ghamari, Mohammad Ghasemi Nour, Fariba Ghassemi, Ajnish Ghimire, Nermin Ghith, Maryam Gholamalizadeh, Jamshid Gholizadeh Navashenaq, Sherief Ghozy, Syed Amir Gilani, Paramjit Singh Gill, Themba G Ginindza, Abraham Tamirat T Gizaw, James C Glasbey, Justyna Godos, Amit Goel, Mahaveer Golechha, Pouya Goleij, Davide Golinelli, Mohamad Golitaleb, Giuseppe Gorini, Bárbara Niegia Garcia Goulart, Giuseppe Grosso, Habtamu Alganeh Guadie, Mohammed Ibrahim Mohialdeen Gubari, Temesgen Worku Gudayu, Maximiliano Ribeiro Guerra, Damitha Asanga Gunawardane, Bhawna Gupta, Sapna Gupta, Veer Bala Gupta, Vivek Kumar Gupta, Mekdes Kondale Gurara, Alemu Guta, Parham Habibzadeh, Atlas Haddadi Avval, Nima Hafezi-Nejad, Adel Hajj Ali, Arvin Haj-Mirzaian, Esam S Halboub, Aram Halimi, Rabih Halwani, Randah R Hamadeh, Sajid Hameed, Samer Hamidi, Asif Hanif, Sanam Hariri, Netanja I Harlianto, Josep Maria Haro, Risky Kusuma Hartono, Ahmed I Hasaballah, S M Mahmudul Hasan, Hamidreza Hasani, Seyedeh Melika Hashemi, Abbas M Hassan, Soheil Hassanipour, Khezar Hayat, Golnaz Heidari, Mohammad Heidari, Zahra Heidarymeybodi, Brenda Yuliana Herrera-Serna, Claudiu Herteliu, Kamal Hezam, Yuta Hiraike, Mbuzeleni Mbuzeleni Hlongwa, Ramesh Holla, Marianne Holm, Nobuyuki Horita, Mohammad Hoseini, Md Mahbub Hossain, Mohammad Bellal Hossain Hossain, Mohammad-Salar Hosseini, Ali Hosseinzadeh, Mehdi Hosseinzadeh, Mihaela Hostiuc, Sorin Hostiuc, Mowafa Househ, Junjie Huang, Fernando N Hugo, Ayesha Humayun, Salman Hussain, Nawfal R Hussein, Bing-Fang Hwang, Segun Emmanuel Ibitoye, Pulwasha Maria Iftikhar, Kevin S Ikuta, Olayinka Stephen Ilesanmi, Irena M Ilic, Milena D Ilic, Mustapha Immurana, Kaire Innos, Pooya Iranpour, Lalu Muhammad Irham, Md Shariful Islam, Rakibul M Islam, Farhad Islami, Nahlah Elkudssiah Ismail, Gaetano Isola, Masao Iwagami, Linda Merin J, Abhishek Jaiswal, Mihajlo Jakovljevic, Mahsa Jalili, Shahram Jalilian, Elham Jamshidi, Sung-In Jang, Chinmay T Jani, Tahereh Javaheri, Umesh Umesh Jayarajah, Shubha Jayaram, Seyed Behzad Jazayeri, Rime Jebai, Bedru Jemal, Wonjeong Jeong, Ravi Prakash Jha, Har Ashish Jindal, Yetunde O John-Akinola, Jost B Jonas, Tamas Joo, Nitin Joseph, Farahnaz Joukar, Jacek Jerzy Jozwiak, Mikk Jürisson, Ali Kabir, Salah Eddine Oussama Kacimi, Vidya Kadashetti, Farima Kahe, Pradnya Vishal Kakodkar, Laleh R Kalankesh, Leila R Kalankesh, Rohollah Kalhor, Vineet Kumar Kamal, Farin Kamangar, Ashwin Kamath, Tanuj Kanchan, Eswar Kandaswamy, Himal Kandel, HyeJung Kang, Girum Gebremeskel Kanno, Neeti Kapoor, Sitanshu Sekhar Kar, Shama D Karanth, Ibraheem M Karaye, André Karch, Amirali Karimi, Bekalu Getnet Kassa, Patrick DMC Katoto, Joonas H Kauppila, Harkiran Kaur, Abinet Gebremickael Kebede, Leila Keikavoosi-Arani, Gemechu Gemechu Kejela, Phillip M Kemp Bohan, Maryam Keramati, Mohammad Keykhaei, Himanshu Khajuria, Abbas Khan, Abdul Aziz Khan Khan, Ejaz Ahmad Khan, Gulfaraz Khan, Md Nuruzzaman Khan, Moien AB Khan, Javad Khanali, Khaled Khatab, Moawiah Mohammad Khatatbeh, Mahalaqua Nazli Khatib, Maryam Khayamzadeh, Hamid Reza Khayat Kashani, Mohammad Amin Khazeei Tabari, Mehdi Khezeli, Mahmoud Khodadost, Min Seo Kim, Yun Jin Kim, Adnan Kisa, Sezer Kisa, Miloslav Klugar, Jitka Klugarová, Ali-Asghar Kolahi, Pavel Kolkhir, Farzad Kompani, Parvaiz A Koul, Sindhura Lakshmi Koulmane Laxminarayana, Ai Koyanagi, Kewal Krishan, Yuvaraj Krishnamoorthy, Burcu Kucuk Bicer, Nuworza Kugbey, Mukhtar Kulimbet, Akshay Kumar, G Anil Kumar, Narinder Kumar, Om P Kurmi, Ambily Kuttikkattu, Carlo La Vecchia, Arista Lahiri, Dharmesh Kumar Lal, Judit Lám, Qing Lan, Iván Landires, Bagher Larijani, Savita Lasrado, Jerrald Lau, Paolo Lauriola, Caterina Ledda, Sang-woong Lee, Shaun Wen Huey Lee, Wei-Chen Lee, Yeong Yeh Lee, Yo Han Lee, Samson Mideksa Legesse, James Leigh, Elvynna Leong, Ming-Chieh Li, Stephen S Lim, Gang Liu, Jue Liu, Chun-Han Lo, Ayush Lohiya, Platon D Lopukhov, László Lorenzovici, Mojgan Lotfi, Joana A Loureiro, Raimundas Lunevicius, Farzan Madadizadeh, Ahmad R Mafi, Sameh Magdeldin, Soleiman Mahjoub, Ata Mahmoodpoor, Morteza Mahmoudi, Marzieh Mahmoudimanesh, Rashidul Alam Mahumud, Azeem Majeed, Jamal Majidpoor, Alaa Makki, Konstantinos Christos Makris, Elaheh Malakan Rad, Mohammad-Reza Malekpour, Reza Malekzadeh, Ahmad Azam Malik, Tauqeer Hussain Mallhi, Sneha Deepak Mallya, Mohammed A Mamun, Ana Laura Manda, Fariborz Mansour-Ghanaei, Borhan Mansouri, Mohammad Ali Mansournia, Lorenzo Giovanni Mantovani, Santi Martini, Miquel Martorell, Sahar Masoudi, Seyedeh Zahra Masoumi, Clara N Matei, Elezebeth Mathews, Manu Raj Mathur, Vasundhara Mathur, Martin McKee, Jitendra Kumar Meena, Khalid Mehmood, Entezar Mehrabi Nasab, Ravi Mehrotra, Addisu Melese, Walter Mendoza, Ritesh G Menezes, SIsay Derso Mengesha, Laverne G Mensah, Alexios-Fotios A Mentis, Andry Yasmid Mera Mera-Mamián, Tuomo J Meretoja, Mehari Woldemariam Merid, Amanual Getnet Mersha, Belsity Temesgen Meselu, Mahboobeh Meshkat, Tomislav Mestrovic, Junmei Miao Jonasson, Tomasz Miazgowski, Irmina Maria Michalek, Gelana Fekadu Worku Mijena, Ted R Miller, Shabir Ahmad Mir, Seyed Kazem Mirinezhad, Seyyedmohammadsadeq Mirmoeeni, Mohammad Mirza-Aghazadeh-Attari, Hamed Mirzaei, Hamid Reza Mirzaei, Abay Sisay Misganaw, Sanjeev Misra, Karzan Abdulmuhsin Mohammad, Esmaeil Mohammadi, Mokhtar Mohammadi, Abdollah Mohammadian-Hafshejani, Reza Mohammadpourhodki, Arif Mohammed, Shafiu Mohammed, Syam Mohan, Mohammad Mohseni, Nagabhishek Moka, Ali H Mokdad, Alex Molassiotis, Mariam Molokhia, Kaveh Momenzadeh, Sara Momtazmanesh, Lorenzo Monasta, Ute Mons, Ahmed Al Montasir, Fateme Montazeri, Arnulfo Montero, Mohammad Amin Moosavi, Abdolvahab Moradi, Yousef Moradi, Mostafa Moradi Sarabi, Paula Moraga, Lidia Morawska, Shane Douglas Morrison, Jakub Morze, Abbas Mosapour, Ebrahim Mostafavi, Seyyed Meysam Mousavi, Haleh Mousavi Isfahani, Amin Mousavi Khaneghah, Christine Mpundu-Kaambwa, Sumaira Mubarik, Francesk Mulita, Daniel Munblit, Sandra B Munro, Efrén Murillo-Zamora, Jonah Musa, Ashraf F Nabhan, Ahamarshan Jayaraman Nagarajan, Shankar Prasad Nagaraju, Gabriele Nagel, Mohammadreza Naghipour, Mukhammad David Naimzada, Tapas Sadasivan Nair, Atta Abbas Naqvi, Sreenivas Narasimha Swamy, Aparna Ichalangod Narayana, Hasan Nassereldine, Zuhair S Natto, Biswa Prakash Nayak, Rawlance Ndejjo, Sabina Onyinye Nduaguba, Wogene Wogene Negash, Seyed Aria Nejadghaderi, Kazem Nejati, Sandhya Neupane Kandel, Huy Van Nguyen Nguyen, Robina Khan Niazi, Nurulamin M Noor, Maryam Noori, Nafise Noroozi, Hasti Nouraei, Ali Nowroozi, Virginia Nuñez-Samudio, Chimezie Igwegbe Nzoputam, Ogochukwu Janet Nzoputam, Bogdan Oancea, Oluwakemi Ololade Odukoya, Onome Bright Oghenetega, Ropo Ebenezer Ogunsakin, Ayodipupo Sikiru Oguntade, In-Hwan Oh, Hassan Okati-Aliabad, Akinkunmi Paul Okekunle, Andrew T Olagunju, Tinuke O Olagunju, Babayemi Oluwaseun Olakunde, Isaac Iyinoluwa Olufadewa, Emad Omer, Abidemi E Emmanuel Omonisi, Sokking Ong, Obinna E Onwujekwe, Hans Orru, Stanislav S Otstavnov, Abderrahim Oulhaj, Bilcha Oumer, Oluwatomi Funbi Owopetu, Babatunji Emmanuel Oyinloye, Mahesh P A, Alicia Padron-Monedero, Jagadish Rao Padubidri, Babak Pakbin, Keyvan Pakshir, Reza Pakzad, Tamás Palicz, Adrian Pana, Anamika Pandey, Ashok Pandey, Suman Pant, Shahina Pardhan, Eun-Cheol Park, Eun-Kee Park, Seoyeon Park, Jay Patel, Siddhartha Pati, Rajan Paudel, Uttam Paudel, Mihaela Paun, Hamidreza Pazoki Toroudi, Minjin Peng, Jeevan Pereira, Renato B Pereira, Simone Perna, Navaraj Perumalsamy, Richard G Pestell, Raffaele Pezzani, Cristiano Piccinelli, Julian David Pillay, Zahra Zahid Piracha, Tobias Pischon, Maarten J Postma, Ashkan Pourabhari Langroudi, Akram Pourshams, Naeimeh Pourtaheri, Akila Prashant, Mirza Muhammad Fahd Qadir, Zahiruddin Quazi Syed, Mohammad Rabiee, Navid Rabiee, Amir Radfar, Raghu Anekal Radhakrishnan, Venkatraman Radhakrishnan, Mojtaba Raeisi, Ata Rafiee, Alireza Rafiei, Nasiru Raheem, Fakher Rahim, Md Obaidur Rahman, Mosiur Rahman, Muhammad Aziz Rahman, Amir Masoud Rahmani, Shayan Rahmani, Vahid Rahmanian, Nazanin Rajai, Aashish Rajesh, Pradhum Ram, Kiana Ramezanzadeh, Juwel Rana, Kamal Ranabhat, Priyanga Ranasinghe, Chythra R Rao, Sowmya J Rao, Sina Rashedi, Amirfarzan Rashidi, Mahsa Rashidi, Mohammad-Mahdi Rashidi, Zubair Ahmed Ratan, David Laith Rawaf, Salman Rawaf, Lal Rawal, Reza Rawassizadeh, Mohammad Sadegh Razeghinia, Ashfaq Ur Rehman, Inayat ur Rehman, Marissa B Reitsma, Andre M N Renzaho, Maryam Rezaei, Nazila Rezaei, Negar Rezaei, Nima Rezaei, Saeid Rezaei, Mohsen Rezaeian, Aziz Rezapour, Abanoub Riad, Reza Rikhtegar, Maria Rios-Blancas, Thomas J Roberts, Peter Rohloff, Esperanza Romero-Rodríguez, Gholamreza Roshandel, Godfrey M Rwegerera, Manjula S, Maha Mohamed Saber-Ayad, Bahar Saberzadeh-Ardestani, Siamak Sabour, Basema Saddik, Erfan Sadeghi, Mohammad Reza Saeb, Umar Saeed, Mohsen Safaei, Azam Safary, Maryam Sahebazzamani, Amirhossein Sahebkar, Harihar Sahoo, Mirza Rizwan Sajid, Hedayat Salari, Sana Salehi, Marwa Rashad Salem, Hamideh Salimzadeh, Yoseph Leonardo Samodra, Abdallah M Samy, Juan Sanabria, Senthilkumar Sankararaman, Francesco Sanmarchi, Milena M Santric-Milicevic, Muhammad Arif Nadeem Saqib, Arash Sarveazad, Fatemeh Sarvi, Brijesh Sathian, Maheswar Satpathy, Nicolas Sayegh, Ione Jayce Ceola Schneider, Michaël Schwarzinger, Mario Šekerija, Subramanian Senthilkumaran, Sadaf G Sepanlou, Allen Seylani, Kenbon Seyoum, Feng Sha, Omid Shafaat, Pritik A Shah, Saeed Shahabi, Izza Shahid, Mohammad Amin Shahrbaf, Hamid R Shahsavari, Masood Ali Shaikh, Mohammed Feyisso Shaka, Elaheh Shaker, Mohammed Shannawaz, Mequannent Melaku Sharew Sharew, Azam Sharifi, Javad Sharifi-Rad, Purva Sharma, Bereket Beyene Shashamo, Aziz Sheikh, Mahdi Sheikh, Sara Sheikhbahaei, Rahim Ali Sheikhi, Ali Sheikhy, Peter Robin Shepherd, Adithi Shetty, Jeevan K Shetty, Ranjitha S Shetty, Kenji Shibuya, Reza Shirkoohi, Hesamaddin Shirzad-Aski, K M Shivakumar, Siddharudha Shivalli, Velizar Shivarov, Parnian Shobeiri, Zahra Shokri Varniab, Seyed Afshin Shorofi, Sunil Shrestha, Migbar Mekonnen Sibhat, Sudeep K Siddappa Malleshappa, Negussie Boti Sidemo, Diego Augusto Santos Silva, Luís Manuel Lopes Rodrigues Silva, Guilherme Silva Julian, Nicola Silvestris, Wudneh Simegn, Achintya Dinesh Singh, Ambrish Singh, Garima Singh, Harpreet Singh, Jasvinder A Singh, Jitendra Kumar Singh, Paramdeep Singh, Surjit Singh, Dhirendra Narain Sinha, Abiy H Sinke, Md Shahjahan Siraj, Freddy Sitas, Samarjeet Singh Siwal, Valentin Yurievich Skryabin, Anna Aleksandrovna Skryabina, Bogdan Socea, Matthew J Soeberg, Ahmad Sofi-Mahmudi, Yonatan Solomon, Mohammad Sadegh Soltani-Zangbar, Suhang Song, Yimeng Song, Reed J D Sorensen, Sergey Soshnikov, Houman Sotoudeh, Alieu Sowe, Mu'awiyyah Babale Sufiyan, Ryan Suk, Muhammad Suleman, Rizwan Suliankatchi Abdulkader, Saima Sultana, Daniel Sur, Miklós Szócska, Seidamir Pasha Tabaeian, Rafael Tabarés-Seisdedos, Seyyed Mohammad Tabatabaei, Takahiro Tabuchi, Hooman Tadbiri, Ensiyeh Taheri, Majid Taheri, Moslem Taheri Soodejani, Ken Takahashi, Iman M Talaat, Mircea Tampa, Ker-Kan Tan, Nathan Y Tat, Vivian Y Tat, Ahmad Tavakoli, Arash Tavakoli, Arash Tehrani-Banihashemi, Yohannes Tekalegn, Fisaha Haile Tesfay, Rekha Thapar, Aravind Thavamani, Viveksandeep Thoguluva Chandrasekar, Nihal Thomas, Nikhil Kenny Thomas, Jansje Henny Vera Ticoalu, Amir Tiyuri, Daniel Nigusse Tollosa, Roman Topor-Madry, Mathilde Touvier, Marcos Roberto Tovani-Palone, Eugenio Traini, Mai Thi Ngoc Tran, Jaya Prasad Tripathy, Gebresilasea Gendisha Ukke, Irfan Ullah, Saif Ullah, Sana Ullah, Bhaskaran Unnikrishnan, Marco Vacante, Maryam Vaezi, Sahel Valadan Tahbaz, Pascual R Valdez, Constantine Vardavas, Shoban Babu Varthya, Siavash Vaziri, Diana Zuleika Velazquez, Massimiliano Veroux, Paul J Villeneuve, Francesco S Violante, Sergey Konstantinovitch Vladimirov, Vasily Vlassov, Bay Vo, Linh Gia Vu, Abdul Wadood Wadood, Yasir Waheed, Mandaras Tariku Walde, Richard G Wamai, Cong Wang, Fang Wang, Ning Wang, Yu Wang, Paul Ward, Abdul Waris, Ronny Westerman, Nuwan Darshana Wickramasinghe, Melat Woldemariam, Berhanu Woldu, Hong Xiao, Suowen Xu, Xiaoyue Xu, Lalit Yadav, Seyed Hossein Yahyazadeh Jabbari, Lin Yang, Fereshteh Yazdanpanah, Yigizie Yeshaw, Yazachew Yismaw, Naohiro Yonemoto, Mustafa Z Younis, Zabihollah Yousefi, Fatemeh Yousefian, Chuanhua Yu, Yong Yu, Ismaeel Yunusa, Mazyar Zahir, Nazar Zaki, Burhan Abdullah Zaman, Moein Zangiabadian, Fariba Zare, Iman Zare, Zahra Zareshahrabadi, Armin Zarrintan, Mikhail Sergeevich Zastrozhin, Mohammad A Zeineddine, Dongyu Zhang, Jianrong Zhang, Yunquan Zhang, Zhi-Jiang Zhang, Linghui Zhou, Sanjay Zodpey, Mohammad Zoladl, Theo Vos, Simon I Hay, Lisa M Force, Christopher J L Murray, Helsinki University Hospital Area, HUS Comprehensive Cancer Center, Tran, K, Lang, J, Compton, K, Xu, R, Acheson, A, Henrikson, H, Kocarnik, J, Penberthy, L, Aali, A, Abbas, Q, Abbasi, B, Abbasi-Kangevari, M, Abbasi-Kangevari, Z, Abbastabar, H, Abdelmasseh, M, Abd-Elsalam, S, Abdelwahab, A, Abdoli, G, Abdulkadir, H, Abedi, A, Abegaz, K, Abidi, H, Aboagye, R, Abolhassani, H, Absalan, A, Abtew, Y, Abubaker Ali, H, Abu-Gharbieh, E, Achappa, B, Acuna, J, Addison, D, Addo, I, Adegboye, O, Adesina, M, Adnan, M, Adnani, Q, Advani, S, Afrin, S, Afzal, M, Aggarwal, M, Ahinkorah, B, 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Melinda Gates Foundation, Kuwait University (Kuwait), Ministry of Higher Education (Malasia), Lega Italiana per la Lotta ai Tumori, Health Effects Institute (Estados Unidos), Unión Europea. Comisión Europea. European Research Council (ERC), Unión Europea. Comisión Europea. H2020, Fundação para a Ciência e Tecnologia (Portugal), African-German Network of Excellence in Science (AGNES), Federal Ministry of Education & Research (Alemania), Alexander von Humboldt Foundation, Novo Nordisk Foundation, National Institute for Health Research (Reino Unido), National Health and Medical Research Council (Australia), Romanian National Authority for Scientific Research and Innovation, Romanian Ministry of Research Innovation and Digitalization, Ministry of Education, Science and Technological Development (Serbia), Sigrid Jusélius Foundation, Finnish Cancer Foundation, Datta Meghe Institute of Medical Sciences (India), Xiamen University (Malasia), Manipal Academy of Higher Education (India), Panjab University (India), Sistema Nacional de Investigación (Panamá), Secretaría Nacional de Ciencia, Tecnología e Innovación (Panamá), Ministry of Science and Technology (Taiwan), Lung Foundation Australia, National Natural Science Foundation of China, Wellcome Trust, UNSW Sydney (Australia), ICMR - National Institute of Epidemiology (India), University of Tasmania (Australia), National Council for Scientific and Technological Development (Brasil), Coordenação de Aperfeicoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (Brasil), Institute for Advanced Studies in Basic Sciences (Irán), Ain Shams University (Egipto), International Center of Medical Sciences Research (Islamabad), National Institutes of Health (Estados Unidos), University of Oxford (Reino Unido), National Institute of Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology (Irán), Marga und Walter Boll - Stiftung, Ministero della Salute (Italia), IRCCS Materno Infantile Burlo Garofolo (Italia), King College London, Wellcome Trust/DBT India Alliance (India), Public Health, University of St Andrews. School of Medicine, and University of St Andrews. Population and Behavioural Science Division

Subjects
Male, DEATHS, DALY, cancer, risk factors, Medizin, systematic analysis, Global Health, Risk Assessment, Cancer prevention, Global Burden of Disease, RC0254, Risk-attributable cancer deaths, SDG 3 - Good Health and Well-being, RA0421, Risk Factors, RA0421 Public health. Hygiene. Preventive Medicine, Quality-Adjusted Life Year, Neoplasms, cancer, Humans, Global Burden of Disease Study, UK, Medicine(all), MCC, RC0254 Neoplasms. Tumors. Oncology (including Cancer), Risk Factor, Smoking, COVID-19, 3rd-DAS, General Medicine, Disability-adjusted life-years, SOCIAL DETERMINANTS, Risk assessments, risk factor, Cardiovascular and Metabolic Diseases, 3121 General medicine, internal medicine and other clinical medicine, OBESITY, Cancer burden, Neoplasm, Female, LIFE-STYLE, Quality-Adjusted Life Years, HEALTH, RA, Human, RC
Abstract

Background: Understanding the magnitude of cancer burden attributable to potentially modifiable risk factors is crucial for development of effective prevention and mitigation strategies. We analysed results from the Global Burden of Diseases, Injuries, and Risk Factors Study (GBD) 2019 to inform cancer control planning efforts globally. Methods: The GBD 2019 comparative risk assessment framework was used to estimate cancer burden attributable to behavioural, environmental and occupational, and metabolic risk factors. A total of 82 risk-outcome pairs were included on the basis of the World Cancer Research Fund criteria. Estimated cancer deaths and disability-adjusted life-years (DALYs) in 2019 and change in these measures between 2010 and 2019 are presented. Findings: Globally, in 2019, the risk factors included in this analysis accounted for 4·45 million (95% uncertainty interval 4·01-4·94) deaths and 105 million (95·0-116) DALYs for both sexes combined, representing 44·4% (41·3-48·4) of all cancer deaths and 42·0% (39·1-45·6) of all DALYs. There were 2·88 million (2·60-3·18) risk-attributable cancer deaths in males (50·6% [47·8-54·1] of all male cancer deaths) and 1·58 million (1·36-1·84) risk-attributable cancer deaths in females (36·3% [32·5-41·3] of all female cancer deaths). The leading risk factors at the most detailed level globally for risk-attributable cancer deaths and DALYs in 2019 for both sexes combined were smoking, followed by alcohol use and high BMI. Risk-attributable cancer burden varied by world region and Socio-demographic Index (SDI), with smoking, unsafe sex, and alcohol use being the three leading risk factors for risk-attributable cancer DALYs in low SDI locations in 2019, whereas DALYs in high SDI locations mirrored the top three global risk factor rankings. From 2010 to 2019, global risk-attributable cancer deaths increased by 20·4% (12·6-28·4) and DALYs by 16·8% (8·8-25·0), with the greatest percentage increase in metabolic risks (34·7% [27·9-42·8] and 33·3% [25·8-42·0]). Interpretation: The leading risk factors contributing to global cancer burden in 2019 were behavioural, whereas metabolic risk factors saw the largest increases between 2010 and 2019. Reducing exposure to these modifiable risk factors would decrease cancer mortality and DALY rates worldwide, and policies should be tailored appropriately to local cancer risk factor burden. We are grateful to the surveillance systems, including cancer registries, that generated and shared observed cancer burden data. S M Aljunid acknowledges the Department of Health Policy and Management, College of Public Health, Kuwait University for the approval and support to participate in this research project. H Ariffin acknowledges support from the Ministry of Higher Education, Malaysia (grant FRGS/1/2021/SKK0/UM/01/1). F Barra acknowledges support from Lega Italiana per la Lotta contro i Tumori - LILT - Bando 5 x 1000 anno 2019. L Belo and M Carvalho acknowledge the support from FCT in the scope of the project UIDP/04378/2020 and UIDB/04378/2020 of UCIBIO and the project LA/P/0140/2020 of i4HB. A J Cohen was supported by the Health Effects Institute, Boston, MA, USA. J Conde acknowledges financial support from the European Research Council - ERC Starting Grant 848325. V M Costa acknowledges her grant (SFRH/BHD/110001/2015), received by Portuguese national funds through Fundação para a Ciência e Tecnologia (FCT), IP, under the Norma Transitória DL57/2016/CP1334/CT0006. T C Ekundayo was supported by the African-German Network of Excellence in Science (AGNES), the Federal Ministry of Education and Research (BMBF) and the Alexander von Humboldt Foundation (AvH). N Ghith acknowledges support from a grant from Novo Nordisk Foundation (NNF16OC0021856). J C Glasbey is support by a Doctoral Research Fellowship from the National Institute of Health Research (NIHR300175). V K Gupta and V B Gupta acknowledge funding support from National Health and Medical Research Council (NHMRC), Australia. C Herteliu, A Pana, and M Ausloos acknowledge partial support by a grant of the Romanian National Authority for Scientific Research and Innovation, CNDS-UEFISCDI, project number PN-III-P4-ID-PCCF-2016-0084. C Herteliu is also partially supported by a grant of the Romanian Ministry of Research Innovation and Digitalization, MCID, project number ID-585-CTR-42-PFE-2021. S Hussain was supported from Operational Programme Research, Development and Education–Project, Postdoc2MUNI (number CZ.02.2. 69/0.0/0.0/18_053/0016952). M Jakovljevic acknowledges partial support through the grant OI 175 014 of the Ministry of Education Science and Technological Development of the Republic of Serbia. J H Kauppila acknowledges research grants from Sigrid Jusélius Foundation and the Finnish Cancer Foundation. M N Khatib acknowledges support from Datta Meghe Institute of Medical Sciences (deemed-to-be-university). Y J Kim was supported by the Research Management Centre, Xiamen University Malaysia [XMUMRF/2020-C6/ITCM/0004]. S L Koulmane Laxminarayana acknowledges institutional assistance by Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal. K Krishan is supported by the UGC Centre of Advanced Study (Phase II), awarded to the Department of Anthropology, Panjab University, Chandigarh, India. I Landires is a member of the Sistema Nacional de Investigación (SNI), which is supported by Panama’s Secretaría Nacional de Ciencia, Tecnología e Innovación (SENACYT). M-C Li was supported by the Ministry of Science and Technology, Taiwan (MOST 110-2314-B-003-001). G Liu acknowledges support from the CREATE Hope scientific fellowship from Lung Foundation Australia. J Liu acknowledges support from the National Natural Science Foundation (72122001). J A Loureiro was supported by Scientific Employment Stimulus (FCT; CEECINST/00049/2018). E Mathews is supported by a Clinical and Public Health Early Career Fellowship (grant number IA/CPHE/17/1/503345) from the DBT India Alliance/Wellcome Trust Department of Biotechnology, India Alliance (2018–2023). T J Meretoja was supported by an unrestricted grant from Cancer Foundation Finland sr. S Mohammed acknowledges a fellowship grant from Alexander von Humboldt Foundation, outside the submitted work. M Molokhia is supported by the National Institute for Health Research Biomedical Research Center at Guy’s and St Thomas’ National Health Service Foundation Trust and King’s College London. L Monasta received support from the Italian Ministry of Health at the Institute for Maternal and Child Health IRCCS Burlo Garofolo, Trieste - Italy (RC 34/2017). U Mons is supported by the Marga and Walter Boll Foundation, Kerpen, Germany. M A Moosavi acknowledges the financial support of National Institute of Genetics Engineering and Biotechnology (NIGEB). J Musa acknowledges support from the NIH/FICK43TW011416 for research-protected time for cervical cancer research and career development at University of Jos. V Nuñez-Samudio is a member of the Sistema Nacional de Investigación (SNI), which is supported by Panama’s Secretaría Nacional de Ciencia, Tecnología e Innovación (SENACYT). O O Odukoya acknowledges support by the Fogarty International Center of the National Institutes of Health under the award number K43TW010704 for research-protected time. The content is solely the responsibility of all the authors and does not necessarily represent the official views of the National Institutes of Health. A S Oguntade acknowledges funding by a doctoral scholarship from the Nuffield Department of Population Health, University of Oxford (Oxford Population Health). J R Padubidri acknowledges Kasturba Medical College, Mangalore, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal for their constant support in research collaborations. R G Pestell acknowledges support from NIH grant W81XWH1810605 Breast Cancer Research, Breakthrough Grant R21 CA235139-01. Z Z Piracha acknowledges the International Center of Medical Sciences Research (ICMSR), Islamabad (44000), Pakistan. R A Radhakrishnan acknowledges support from Wellcome Trust/DBT India Alliance - IA/CPHI/18/1/503927. U Saeed acknowledges the International Center of Medical Sciences Research (ICMSR), Islamabad, Pakistan. A M Samy acknowledges the support from Ain Shams University and the Egyptian Fulbright Mission Program. F Sha was supported by the Shenzhen Science and Technology Program (grant number KQTD20190929172835662). H R Shahsavari acknowledges the Institute for Advanced Studies in Basic Sciences (IASBS) Research Council. A Shetty acknowledges Kasturba Medical College, Mangalore, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal for all the academic support. D A S Silva acknowledges financing in part by the Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior—Brazil (CAPES)—Finance Code 001 and D A S Silva is supported in part by CNPq-Brazil (309589/2021-5). L M L R Silva was supported by project CENTRO-04-3559-FSE-000162, Fundo Social Europeu (FSE). Am Singh is supported by the International Graduate Research Scholarship, University of Tasmania. R Suliankatchi Abdulkader acknowledges support from ICMR—National Institute of Epidemiology. B Unnikrishnan acknowledges Kasturba Medical College, Mangalore, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal. H Xiao acknowledges support from the Public Health Sciences Division of the Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center. X Xu is supported by the University of New South Wales (Australia) Scientia Program. C Yu was supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (grant number 82173626) and Wuhan Medical Research Program of Joint Fund of Hubei Health Committee (grant number WJ2019H304). Sí

Published
2022

37. Membership dropout rates and associated factors in a community-based health insurance scheme in southern Ethiopia: a mixed method study.

Author

Haile Y, Abdulkadir H, Shewangizaw M, Meskele S, Temesgen K, Haile T, Niguse D, Hailegebreal S, and Biratu GG

Abstract

Background: Dropout from community-based health insurance (CBHI) membership is a common problem in low-income countries, even if its implementation leads to substantial improvement in the utilization of essential health services. Few studies have addressed the factors contributing to dropout rates in southern Ethiopia. Therefore, the purpose of this study was to determine the rate of CBHI dropout in southern Ethiopia as well as any contributing factors., Methods: This mixed-method cross-sectional study was conducted among 460 randomly selected CBHI-enrolled households at the Arba Minch Health and Demography Surveillance System site from November 1, 2021, to April 30, 2022. The quantitative data were collected by an open data kit (ODK). using an interviewer-based structured questionnaire and analyzed using Statistical Package for the Social Sciences (SPSS) version 25.0. Multivariable logistic regression was applied to identify significant variables. The qualitative data were used to support the quantitative findings and were gathered through in-depth interviews (by the CBHI coordinator and three purposively selected health extension workers) and focus group discussions (in two randomly selected villages). The qualitative data were analyzed using thematic analysis. Finally, triangulation was used to present both the quantitative and qualitative findings., Results: This study found that 92 (21.5%) people stopped their community-based health insurance membership. The presence of sick adults [AOR = 0.281, 95% CI (0.136-0.581)], trust of participants in the contracted health facilities [AOR = 0.227, 95% CI (0.121-0.436)], and poor knowledge of the participants [AOR = 5.518, 95% CI (1.526-19.950)] were significant predictors., Conclusion: The magnitude of the dropout rate was high in this study when compared with the national target. The absence of a sick adult, the absence of trust among participants, and the poor knowledge status of the participants were significant predictors. We suggest that the health facility managers, the CBHI coordinating office, and the district health office give priority to implementing a wide range of knowledge improvement activities and a transparent system in public health facilities. Studies with longitudinal research designs are called for at a wide range of national levels to address the limitations of this study., Competing Interests: The authors declare that the research was conducted in the absence of any commercial or financial relationships that could be construed as a potential conflict of interest., (© 2023 Haile, Abdulkadir, Shewangizaw, Meskele, Temesgen, Haile, Niguse, Hailegebreal and Biratu.)

Published
2023
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38. Effectiveness of curriculum-based sexual and reproductive health education on healthy sexual behaviors among year one students at Arba Minch University: A quasi-experimental study.

Author

Boti Sidamo N, Hussen S, Shegaze Shimbre M, Zerihun E, Godana Boynito W, Abebe S, Shibiru T, Shibiru S, Gebretsadik W, Desalegn N, Oumer B, Temesgen Birgoda G, and Abdulkadir H

Subjects
Adolescent, Humans, Universities, Reproductive Health, Sexual Behavior, Curriculum, Students, Health Knowledge, Attitudes, Practice, Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome prevention & control
Abstract

Introduction: Curriculum-based sexual and reproductive health education (CBSRHE) is one of the preventive strategies targeting youth in higher institutions to protect them from sexual and reproductive health problems, despite never assessing the effect in Ethiopia. Therefore, this study aimed to assess the effect of CBSRHE on knowledge and attitude about SRH services to have safer sexual behaviors among first-year students of Arba Minch University., Method: We conducted a quasi-experimental study among purposively selected campuses. The campuses were allocated to (i) an intervention arm consisting of curriculum-based sexual and reproductive health, or (ii) a control arm for those who were free from intervention. Data was collected, at baseline and immediately after the intervention ended by using a structured self-administered questionnaire. To compare differences in the change from baseline to post-intervention between the two arms we use the chi-square test and independent-samples t-test. To see the effect of the CBSRHE by controlling the effect confounding inverse probability-weighted analysis was conducted., Result: A total of 832 and 820 students participated in a baseline and post-test respectively. The proportion of youth who practice receptive penetrative sex decreases from 40.9% to 28.3% in the intervention arm compared to 37.6% to 37.3% in the non-intervention arm between baseline and end line, with statistically significant differences between groups. However, there are statistically significant differences between the intervention and control groups in terms of changes in contraception utilization (X2 = 1.21; P>0.05). Furthermore, there were significant improvements in knowledge and attitude among the intervention arm a comprehensive knowledge of HIV/AIDS (ATE = 0.22,95% CI, 0.14 to 0.29; p < 0.01), an average change of attitude toward HIV/AIDS(ATE = 1.32, 95% CI, 1.18 to 1.47; p < 0.01), comprehensive condom knowledge score (ATE = 0.23, 95% CI, 0.13 to 0.33; p < 0.01) and the average change of attitude toward condom score (ATE = 1.83, 95% CI, 1.19 to 2.77; p < 0.01)., Conclusion and Recommendation: It was found that there was a significant difference in knowledge and attitude toward a disk sexual behaviors among r one student. This implies that the educational authority o the country can gain through the adoption of courses to all universities across the country, besides doing further comparative studies to determine the long-term effect of the course supported with models and/or theories like the theory of change., Competing Interests: The authors have declared that no competing interests exist., (Copyright: © 2023 Boti Sidamo et al. This is an open access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author and source are credited.)

Published
2023
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39. Prevalence of overweight/obesity and associated factors among under-five children in Ethiopia: A multilevel analysis of nationally representative sample.

Author

Gebremichael MA, Mengesha MM, Hailegebreal S, Abdulkadir H, Arja A, and Wolde BB

Subjects
Adult, Cesarean Section, Child, Cross-Sectional Studies, Ethiopia epidemiology, Female, Humans, Male, Mothers, Multilevel Analysis, Pregnancy, Prevalence, Overweight epidemiology, Pediatric Obesity epidemiology
Abstract

Background: Childhood overweight and obesity are emerging public health challenges of the twety-first century. There was a 24% increase in the number of overweight children under the age of 5 years in low-income countries. Despite the significant risk of childhood overweight/obesity for non-communicable diseases, premature death, disability, and reproductive disorders in their adult life, little attention has been given. Therefore, we aimed to assess the prevalence of overweight/obesity and associated factors among under-five children., Methods: This study was conducted using data from a nationally representative sample of the 2019 Ethiopia Mini Demographic and Health Survey (EMDHS). The Mini EDHS was a community-based cross-sectional study that covered all the administrative regions of Ethiopia. The data collection was conducted between March 21, 2019 and June 28, 2019. Both descriptive and analytic findings were produced. The overweight/obesity was measured by the weight-for-height (WFH) index, more than two standard deviations (+2 SD ) above the median of the reference population based on the BMI Z -score. To identify significantly asso., Results: A total of 5,164 under-five children were included in this study cited factors of overweight/obesity, a multilevel binary logistic regression model was fitted to account for the hierarchical nature of the data. Adjusted odds ratio (aOR) with a corresponding 95% confidence interval ( CI ) was reported to show the strength of association and statistical significance. The overall prevalence of overweight/obesity was 2.14% (95% CI : 1.74-2.53). The odds of overweight/obesity was higher among children aged <6 months ( aOR = 5.19; 95% CI : 2.98-9.04), 6-24 months ( aOR = 1.97; 95% CI : 1.18-3.29), delivered by cesarean section ( aOR = 1.75; 95% CI : 1.84-3.65), living in Addis Ababa city ( aOR = 2.16; 95% CI : 1.59-7.81), Oromia region ( aOR = 1.93; 95% CI : 1.71-5.24), having mothers with the age 40-49 years ( aOR = 3.91; 95% CI : 1.90-16.92), uses traditional contraceptive methods ( aOR = 2.63; 95% CI : 1.66-10.47) and households headed by male ( aOR = 1.71; 95% CI : 1.84-3.48)., Conclusion: This study showed that the prevalence of overweight/obesity among under-five was low in Ethiopia. There were several factors that affect childhood overweight/obesity including child age, maternal age, mode of delivery, sex of head of household, contraception use, and geography of residence. Therefore, strategies to reduce childhood overweight and obesity should consider an identified multitude of contributing factors., Competing Interests: The authors declare that the research was conducted in the absence of any commercial or financial relationships that could be construed as a potential conflict of interest., (Copyright © 2022 Gebremichael, Mengesha, Hailegebreal, Abdulkadir, Arja and Wolde.)

Published
2022
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40. Anxiety and its associated factors among inmates in ARBA Minch and JINKA town, southern Ethiopia.

Author

Abdulkadir H, Girma M, Gebru Z, Sidamo NB, Temesgen G, and Jemal K

Subjects
Adult, Cross-Sectional Studies, Ethiopia epidemiology, Humans, Middle Aged, Risk Factors, Anxiety epidemiology, Prisoners psychology, Prisoners statistics & numerical data
Abstract

Background: The prison populations are more affected by mental illness than the general population but little attention is given to this population. And there is a limitation of study on the magnitude of anxiety and its associated factors. So this study aimed to assess the magnitude of anxiety and its associated factors among prisoners in Arba Minch and Jinka town, Ethiopia., Methods: An institution-based cross-sectional study was conducted among 650 randomly selected prisoners at Arba Minch and Jinka town. Data was collected by using open data kit then converted to excel and exported to SPSS version 25 for analysis. Descriptive statistics including frequency, means, and proportion were performed. Binary logistic regression was used to identify the associated variables. P < 0.05 was used to declare statistical significance., Results: The proportion of Anxiety among prisoners was 28% [N = 174, (95%CI, 25-32%)]. Age ≥ 48 (AOR = 4.21, 95%CI 1.99-8.93), age 38-47 (3.95, 1.94-8.07), being an urban resident (2.48, 1.56-3.95), not doing physical exercise (2.71, 1.53-4.79), having a chronic disease (1.63, 1.07-2.47), having 1-2 stressful life events (2.92, 1.59-5.35), duration of punishment > 5 years (2.92, 1.59-5.35) and lack of income-generating job in prison (2.54, 1.48-4.35) were significantly associated with anxiety., Conclusion: The magnitude of anxiety among prisoners was high. Age ≥ 48 and 38-47, urban residence, not doing physical exercise, having a chronic disease, having 1-2 stressful life events, duration of punishment > 5 years, and lack of income-generating job in prison were significantly associated with anxiety. Giving special attention and being supportive to older age and those who have a chronic disease, facilitating physical exercise, creating job opportunity in the prison, and giving training for prisoners on stress coping mechanism and anxiety is recommended., (© 2022. The Author(s).)

Published
2022
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41. Determinants of birth asphyxia among newborn live births in public hospitals of Gamo and Gofa zones, Southern Ethiopia.

Author

Lemma K, Misker D, Kassa M, Abdulkadir H, and Otayto K

Subjects
Asphyxia, Case-Control Studies, Child, Ethiopia epidemiology, Female, Fetal Distress, Hospitals, Public, Humans, Infant, Infant, Newborn, Live Birth, Pregnancy, Prolapse, Asphyxia Neonatorum epidemiology, Asphyxia Neonatorum etiology, Breech Presentation, Infant, Newborn, Diseases, Premature Birth
Abstract

Background: Birth asphyxia is the inability of a newborn to start and conserve breathing immediately after birth. Globally, 2.5 million infants die within their first month of life every year, contributing nearly 47% of all deaths of children. It is the third cause of neonatal deaths next to infections and preterm birth. Ethiopia is one of the countries with the highest neonatal mortality and high burden of birth asphyxia in the world. The state of birth asphyxia is about 22.52% in Ethiopia, with incidence of 18.0% in East Africa Neonatal mortality incidence ratio was 9.6 deaths per 1000 live births among which 13.5% of neonatal mortality cases were due to birth asphyxia in southern Ethiopia. The effect of birth asphyxia is not only limited to common clinical problems and death; it also has a socio-economic impact on the families. Therefore, this study is aimed to identify determinants of birth asphyxia among newborn live births in public hospitals Southern Ethiopia., Methods: An Institution based unmatched case-control study was conducted among newborn live births in public hospitals of Gamo & Gofa zones, with a total sample size of 356 (89 cases and 267 controls, 1:3 case to control ratio) from March 18 to June 18, 2021, after obtaining ethical clearance from Arba Minch University. Cases were selected consecutively and controls were selected by systematic random sampling method. Data were collected using an adapted pretested semi-structured questionnaire through face-to-face interviews and record reviews using an extraction checklist for intrapartum & neonatal-related information. The collected data were entered into Epi data version 4.4 and exported to STATA version 14 for analysis. Finally, bi-variable and multivariable logistic regression analyses were performed to identify determinants of birth asphyxia. Statistical significance was declared at p-value ≤ 0.05 along with corresponding 95% CI of AOR used to declare statistical significance., Results: Anemia during pregnancy [AOR = 3.87, 95% CI (1.06- 14.09)], breech presentation [AOR = 3.56, 95% CI (1.19-10.65)], meconium stained amniotic fluid [AOR = 6.16, 95% CI (1.95-19.46)], cord prolapse [AOR = 4.69, 95%CI (1.04-21.05)], intrapartum fetal distress [AOR = 9.83, 95% CI (3.82-25.25)] and instrumental delivery [AOR = 5.91, 95% CI (1.51-23.07)] were significantly associated with birth asphyxia., Conclusion: The study revealed that anemia during pregnancy, breech presentation, meconium-stained amniotic fluid, cord prolapse, intrapartum fetal distress, and instrumental delivery were identified as determinants of birth asphyxia. Therefore, health professional and health institutions should give emphasis on care of mother and the newborn in actively detecting and managing asphyxia., (© 2022. The Author(s).)

Published
2022
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42. Survival time to Implanon discontinuation and its predictors among a cohort of Implanon users who enrolled in public hospitals of southern Ethiopia, 2021: a retrospective cohort study.

Author

Habte A, Wondimu M, and Abdulkadir H

Abstract

Background: Pieces of evidence strongly indicate that providing high-quality family planning services is accompanied by an increase in contraceptive uptake and a decrease in contraception discontinuation. Contraceptive, especially Implanon discontinuation is a global issue that could be linked to a summary outcome indicator of poor family planning service quality. Although Implanon is becoming more popular among Ethiopian contraceptive users, little is known regarding the survival and predictors of discontinuation. The study aimed at exploring the survival and predictors of Implanon discontinuation among women enrolled in family planning units of Public hospitals in southern Ethiopia, 2021., Methods: A hospital-based retrospective cohort study was conducted among Implanon users who enrolled in family planning units of Public Hospitals. Five years of medical records, from January 1, 2016, to December 30, 2020, were reviewed. A total of 502 women were selected by using a random sampling technique. A standardized abstraction tool was used to collect data from medical records and registration books. The data were entered into Epidata Version 3.1 and then exported to STATA 14 for analysis. The median was calculated in the case of survival time. Across covariates, the Kaplan Meier survival curve was used to estimate time to Implanon discontinuation. To identify statistically significant predictors of Implanon discontinuation, a multivariable Cox proportional hazard model was fitted., Results: The incidence rate of Implanon discontinuation was 1.87(95% CI = 1.63, 2.15) per 100 person-months of observation. The overall estimated survival probability at the end of 24 and 36 months was 67.4% (95%CI, 62.5, 71.8) and 25.9% (95%CI, 18.4, 34.1) months respectively. Residence [AHR = 1.50; 95%CI: 1.09, 2.08], parity [AHR = 2.02; 95%CI: 1.65, 3.67], pre-insertion counselling [AHR = 2.41; 95%CI: 1.72, 3.70], experiencing heavy vaginal bleeding [AHR = 3.91; 95%CI: 2.67, 5.32], post-insertion follow up [AHR = 3.15; 95%CI:2.11, 4.75] were identified as a significant predictors of Implanon discontinuation., Conclusion: The risk Implanon of discontinuation was high, especially at 24 and 36 months. In family planning service delivery points, health care providers should pay special attention to clients who live in rural areas and do not have children. In addition, health care providers should provide pre-insertion counseling and post-insertion follow-up that focus on potential side effects. Finally, family planning units need to engage in early side effect management and reassurance to mitigate discontinuation., (© 2022. The Author(s).)

Published
2022
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43. Comprehensive mapping of the effects of azacitidine on DNA methylation, repressive/permissive histone marks and gene expression in primary cells from patients with MDS and MDS-related disease.

Author

Tobiasson M, Abdulkadir H, Lennartsson A, Katayama S, Marabita F, De Paepe A, Karimi M, Krjutskov K, Einarsdottir E, Grövdal M, Jansson M, Ben Azenkoud A, Corddedu L, Lehmann S, Ekwall K, Kere J, Hellström-Lindberg E, and Ungerstedt J

Subjects
Antigens, CD34 metabolism, Antineoplastic Agents pharmacology, Azacitidine pharmacology, Bone Marrow Cells physiology, Cells, Cultured, Chromatin Immunoprecipitation, Computational Biology, DNA Methylation drug effects, Epigenesis, Genetic, Gene Expression Regulation drug effects, Humans, Myelodysplastic Syndromes genetics, Sequence Analysis, RNA, Transcriptome, Treatment Outcome, Antineoplastic Agents therapeutic use, Azacitidine therapeutic use, Bone Marrow Cells drug effects, Endogenous Retroviruses genetics, Histones metabolism, Myelodysplastic Syndromes drug therapy
Abstract

Azacitidine (Aza) is first-line treatment for patients with high-risk myelodysplastic syndromes (MDS), although its precise mechanism of action is unknown. We performed the first study to globally evaluate the epigenetic effects of Aza on MDS bone marrow progenitor cells assessing gene expression (RNA seq), DNA methylation (Illumina 450k) and the histone modifications H3K18ac and H3K9me3 (ChIP seq). Aza induced a general increase in gene expression with 924 significantly upregulated genes but this increase showed no correlation with changes in DNA methylation or H3K18ac, and only a weak association with changes in H3K9me3. Interestingly, we observed activation of transcripts containing 15 endogenous retroviruses (ERVs) confirming previous cell line studies. DNA methylation decreased moderately in 99% of all genes, with a median β-value reduction of 0.018; the most pronounced effects seen in heterochromatin. Aza-induced hypomethylation correlated significantly with change in H3K9me3. The pattern of H3K18ac and H3K9me3 displayed large differences between patients and healthy controls without any consistent pattern induced by Aza. We conclude that the marked induction of gene expression only partly could be explained by epigenetic changes, and propose that activation of ERVs may contribute to the clinical effects of Aza in MDS.

Published
2017
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44. Mutations in histone modulators are associated with prolonged survival during azacitidine therapy.

Author

Tobiasson M, McLornan DP, Karimi M, Dimitriou M, Jansson M, Ben Azenkoud A, Jädersten M, Lindberg G, Abdulkadir H, Kulasekararaj A, Ungerstedt J, Lennartsson A, Ekwall K, Mufti GJ, and Hellström-Lindberg E

Subjects
Adult, Aged, Aged, 80 and over, Antimetabolites, Antineoplastic therapeutic use, Azacitidine therapeutic use, DNA Mutational Analysis, Female, Humans, Kaplan-Meier Estimate, Male, Middle Aged, Mutation, Myelodysplastic Syndromes drug therapy, Myelodysplastic Syndromes mortality, Prognosis, Proportional Hazards Models, Treatment Outcome, Biomarkers analysis, Histones genetics, Myelodysplastic Syndromes genetics
Abstract

Early therapeutic decision-making is crucial in patients with higher-risk MDS. We evaluated the impact of clinical parameters and mutational profiles in 134 consecutive patients treated with azacitidine using a combined cohort from Karolinska University Hospital (n=89) and from King's College Hospital, London (n=45). While neither clinical parameters nor mutations had a significant impact on response rate, both karyotype and mutational profile were strongly associated with survival from the start of treatment. IPSS high-risk cytogenetics negatively impacted overall survival (median 20 vs 10 months; p<0.001), whereas mutations in histone modulators (ASXL1, EZH2) were associated with prolonged survival (22 vs 12 months, p=0.01). This positive association was present in both cohorts and remained highly significant in the multivariate cox model. Importantly, patients with mutations in histone modulators lacking high-risk cytogenetics showed a survival of 29 months compared to only 10 months in patients with the opposite pattern. While TP53 was negatively associated with survival, neither RUNX1-mutations nor the number of mutations appeared to influence survival in this cohort. We propose a model combining histone modulator mutational screening with cytogenetics in the clinical decision-making process for higher-risk MDS patients eligible for treatment with azacitidine., Competing Interests: CONFLICTS OF INTERESTGhulam Mufti: has received research funding from Celgene and been part of their advisory board.Eva Hellström-Lindberg: has received research grant from Celgene for the national MDS registry.Martin Jädersten: has recieved honoraria for lectures for Celgene.Austin Kulasekararaj: has recieved honoraria for advisory board and lectures for Celgene.

Published
2016
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