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Kur’ân-ı Kerimle birlikte dinin ana kaynağını oluşturan hadislerle ilgili iki temel mesele bulunmaktadır: Sübût ve delâlet. Sübût problemi hadislerin Rasûlullah’a aidiyetini tesbit ile ilgiliyken delâlet, anlaşılmasına dair sorunları ele alır. Hadis metinlerinin delaletinde yani doğru anlaşılmasında ise bütüncül yaklaşım son derece önemlidir. Bu yaklaşım iki temel unsura dayanmaktadır. İlki rivayetin tüm tariklerinin bir arada değerlendirilmesi, ikincisi rivayetlerle ilgili metin dışı bağlam olarak adlandırılan harici bilgilerin toplanmasıdır. Bu yazı, Ebû Süfyân ile Herakliyus’un görüşmesinin yer aldığı Sahîh-i Buhâri’deki rivayetin örnek olarak kullanıldığı, hadislerin anlaşılmasında metin dışı bağlamı bilmenin doğru yorumun ön koşulu olduğunu somut olarak ortaya koyan, “Hadislerin Anlaşılmasında Arka Plan Bilgisi” adlı eseri değerlendirmeyi hedeflemektedir.

Yerel katılım, günümüz demokrasisi için vazgeçilmezdir. Bu bağlamda yerel katılım etkinlikleri, demokrasinin geçerlilik kazanması adına önem taşımaktadır. Bu çerçevede yerel katılım ile kurulan iletişim ağları demokrasiyi beslemektedir. Son dönemde iletişim teknolojilerinde kaydedilen ilerlemeler, çok çeşitli yöntem ve tekniklerinin ortaya çıkmasına neden olurken, bu doğrultuda yerel katılım yöntemleri de çeşitlenmiştir. Yerel katılım, formal ve informal biçimlerde gerçekleşirken kamuoyunun dikkatini çekmek üzere aykırı yöntemler de belirmiştir. Yerel katılım bağlamında informal kapsamda değerlendirilen aykırı yöntemler temelde ilgi oluşturmaya dönük, çoğunlukla yeni iletişim teknolojilerinden yararlanan gündem ve kamuoyu oluşturma çerçevesindeki eylem biçimlerini kapsamaktadır. Çalışma kapsamında aykırı yöntemlere örnek teşkil eden “KÜF Project” konu edilmektedir. Çalışmanın temel amacı Türkiye’de aykırı bir yerel katılım yolu olan KÜF Project başlığı altında yapılan eylemlerin yerel katılımla ilişkisine yönelik bir betimleme sunmaktadır. Bu çerçevede ulusal ve uluslararası örnekleri de merkeze alarak literatür taramasından hareketle yerli ve yabancı kaynaklar, gazete haberleri ve video içeriklerinden faydalanılmıştır. Nitekim KÜF Project, benzeri dünya örnekleri olan bağlantısı ortaya konulmaya çalışılmıştır. Araştırmadan elde edilen bulgular çerçevesinde KÜF Project etkinliklerinin bir direniş ve farkındalık göstergesi olarak konumlandığı ve otoritenin sınırlarını zorlayarak toplumun dikkatini çekecek eylemlerle kamuoyu oluşturma çabası taşıdığını göstermektedir.

Bu çalışmanın amacı, 1-(4-klorofenil)-3-metil-5-{4-[(2-metilfenil)metoksi]fenil}-1H-pirazol bileşiğinin X-ışınları tek kristal kırınım yöntemi ile kristal yapısının ve Hirshfeld yüzey analizinin araştırılmasıdır. Kapalı formülü C24H21ClN2O olan bu bileşikte; 4-klorofenil, 2-metilfenil ve benzen halkaları, 3-metil-1H-pirazol halkasına göre sırasıyla 59.8 (2), 25.2 (2) ve 45.6 (2)°’ lik dihedral açılarıyla yönlenmektedirler. Moleküller, moleküler paketlemenin dengelenmesine katkıda bulunmak için moleküller arası C–H ··· π etkileşimleriyle bağlanmıştır. Ayrıca bileşikteki supramoleküler etkileşimleri doğrulamak ve ölçmek için Hirshfeld yüzey analizi kullanılmıştır. Elde edilen veriler, kristal paketlemede en önemli katkıların H···H (%49.8), H···C/C···H (%27.6) ve H ··· Cl/Cl· ··H (%10.4) etkileşimlerinden kaynaklandığını göstermiştir.

The ground state properties of the nuclei are generally calculated using two different methods, namely Skyrme and Gogny force methods. We have calculated nucleon densities of Copper isotopes by using Hartree-Fock-Skyrme (using Woods-Saxon Potential) (SHF-WS), Hartree-Fock-Skyrme (using Harmonic Oscillator Potential) (SHF-HO), Hartree-Fock-Bogolyubov-Skyrme (HFB-S) and the Hartree-Fock-Bogolyubov-Gogny (HFB-G) methods. In the first two methods, the densities and rms (root mean square) radii for both proton and neutron of copper isotopes were calculated by different Skyrme parameters set. Theoretical calculated charge density was compared with experimental data of Angeli and Marinova to determine the best parameter set for each copper isotope. Then all evaluated nucleon densities via four different methods were compared each other. All methods gave similar results for all copper isotopes.

Bu çalışmanın amacı, John Dewey’in ifade ettiği demokratik kültürü yaşam felsefesi haline getirmiş olan bireylerin özellikleri ile Türkiye ve Yeni Zelanda Fen Bilimleri Dersi Öğretim Programlarında bireylerden sahip olması beklenen davranışları benzerlikler yönünden incelemektir. Bu araştırmada, doküman incelemesi ve belgesel tarama modeli kullanılmıştır. Veri toplama aracı olarak, Türkiye ve Yeni Zelanda Fen Bilimleri Dersi Öğretim Programları kullanılmış ve John Dewey’in Okul Yönetiminde Demokrasi kitabından yararlanılmıştır. Fen Bilimleri Dersi Öğretim Programlarına ilgili kurum ve kuruluşların resmi web sitelerinde yayınlanmış olan yazılı kaynaklardan ulaşılmıştır. Verilerin Analizinde, Yeni Zelanda ve Türkiye öğretim programında bireylerden beklenen davranışlar ve John Dewey’in demokratik kültürü yaşam felsefesi haline getiren bireylerin özellikleri ile benzerlikler yönünden karşılaştırılmıştır. Türkiye ve Yeni Zelanda da mevcut ifadelerin kısmen yaşam felsefesi ile benzerlik (ima, ifade, vurgu) gösterdiği sonucuna ulaşılmıştır.

In the molecular structure of the title compound, C24H19Cl2N3O4, the three C atoms of the central N,N-dimethylmethanamine moiety are bonded to the N atoms of the two 5-chloro-1,3-benzoxazol-2(3H)-one groups and to the methyl C atom of the methylbenzene group. One of the nine-membered 2,3-dihydro-1,3-benzoxazole rings and the phenyl ring are almost parallel to each other, making a dihedral angle of 5.30 (18)°, but they are almost normal to the mean plane of the other nine-membered 2,3-dihydro-1,3-benzoxazole ring, subtending dihedral angles of 89.29 (16) and 85.41 (18)°, respectively. The crystal structure features C—H...O hydrogen bonds and π–π stacking interactions [centroid-to-centroid distances = 3.5788 (19) Å, slippage = 0.438 and 3.7773 (16) Å, and slippage = 0.716 Å].

n this study, it was aimed to compare the attainments included in the Solutions Unit of the Secondary Education Chemistry Curriculum of Turkey and Ethiopia in terms of implications, expressions and emphasis similarities. Problem Solving and Descriptive approaches, which are used in comparative education fields, were used within the scope of this purpose. ln this study was used the screening model. Written sources, which are prepared by relevant persons and institutions, are benefited from in the collection of data. Document technique is benefited from as the data collection tool. Document analysis is used in the analysis of the data. These analyses are made in terms of emphasis, expression and implication. Reliability calculation was made as each attainment, which is compared in this respect, was controlled by 4 expert chemistry teachers, and the reliability percentage was found as 75%. It was determined that the attainments in the said programs are not similar in terms of emphasis and expression, but they are similar in terms of implication. That findings obtained in the light of these examinations can use by the program developers.

Purpose of the research is to analyses 8th Grade Science and Technology Lesson Curriculum questions according to the cognitive process dimension of Revised Bloom's Taxonomy [RBT]. 8th Grade Science Technology Lesson Curriculum has been prepared as part of curriculum reform in 2004. It has been put into practice from 2006-2007 school years by starting from 6th grade and then gradually has continued with 7th and 8th grades. 156 questions in 8th Grade Science Technology Lesson Curriculum were classified according to the cognitive process dimension of RBT. Data of research was obtained through document analyses technique which is qualitative research methods. Cognitive process dimensions of these questions have been examined considering the standards which have been prepared according to RBT. In the result of questions analysis; it was determined that questions in the level of understanding (%48,72) and analyzing (%23,72) are intended, the question of the remembering (%12,18) and applying (%13,46) are less intended than understanding and analyzing, and there has too few questions in the level of evaluating (%0,64) and creating (%1,28). End of research, it was determined that intended of questions in lesson curriculum have been classified under the less cognitive levels.

Background: Myxopapillary ependymomas are well differentiated low-grade tumors which have been documented to local or distant metastasis. In the literature, this is a unique case of myxopapillary ependymoma with metastasis to the uterine cervix. Here, we present a rare case of extra neural metastasis of spinal ependymoma that developed over a long period. Case Report: A 34-year-old woman was referred to our hospital for pelvic mass. A mass (110x100 mm) localized between the sacrococcygeal region and the uterus was detected by magnetic resonance imaging. In 2004, she had been operated upon for myxopapillary ependymoma seated in the sacrococcygeal region for the first time. She underwent tumor resection eight times due to the recurrence of spinal tumor in the same region in nine years. Under the diagnosis of uterine neoplasm, we carried out radical hysterectomy, omentectomy and pelvic lymphadenectomy as the surgical procedure. The pathological findings were reported as myxopapillary ependymoma. Immunohistochemically, the myxopapillary ependymal cells showed strong positivity for glial fibrillary acidic protein, whereas they were negative for low molecular weight cytokeratin. The Ki-67 labeling index was about 2-3%. The patient had an uneventful postoperative period. She has remained free of symptoms in the year since surgery. Conclusion: Extra-spinal myxopapillary ependymoma is very rare, but it must be considered in the differential diagnosis of pelvic mass lesions.

In the title compound, C20H21NO2, the pyrrolidine ring adopts an envelope conformation with the N atom at the flap position. The central benzene ring makes dihedral angles of 21.39 (10) and 80.10 (15)° with the phenyl ring and the mean plane of the pyrrolidine ring, respectively. The molecular conformation is stabilized by an intramolecular O—H...N hydrogen bond, which closes an S(6) ring. A weak C—H...π interaction is observed in the crystal.

In the title compound, C14H14ClN3O2, the morpholine ring adopts a chair conformation, with the exocyclic N—C bond in an equatorial orientation. The 1,6-dihydropyridazine ring is essentially planar, with a maximum deviation of 0.014 (1) Å, and forms a dihedral angle of 40.16 (7)° with the plane of the benzene ring. In the crystal, pairs of centrosymmetrically related molecules are linked into dimers via N—H...O hydrogen bonds, forming R22(8) ring motifs. The dimers are connected via C—H...O and C—H...Cl hydrogen bonds, forming a three-dimensional network. Aromatic π–π stacking interactions [centroid–centroid distance = 3.6665 (9) Å] are also observed. Semi-empirical molecular orbital calculations were carried out using the AM1 method. The calculated dihedral angles between the pyridizine and benzene rings and between the pyridizine and morpholine (all atoms) rings are 34.49 and 76.96°, respectively·The corresponding values obtained from the X-ray structure determination are 40.16 (7) and 12.97 (9)°, respectively. The morpholine ring of the title compound in the calculated gas-phase seems to have a quite different orientation compared to that indicated by the X-ray structure determination.

A 37-year-old male case was admitted with goiter. Ultrasonography of thyroid showed a 5 cm cystic nodule in the left lobe with a 1.5 cm solid component. Fine needle aspiration biopsy revealed atypia of undetermined significance or follicular lesion. The patient was operated on. The pathological diagnosis was reported as papillary thyroid carcinoma. The immunohistochemical examination showed multiple foci of Langerhans cell histiocytosis involving both lobes. The patient died due to cardiac arrest with respiratory causes in the early postoperative period. Langerhans cell histiocytosis is a rare primary condition which involves abnormal clonal proliferation of Langerhans cells in various tissues and organs. Thyroid involvement is infrequently seen. Although the etiology is unknown, genetic components may be linked to the disease. It is also associated with a family history of thyroid disease. Papillary thyroid carcinoma is the most common malignant epithelial tumor of the thyroid gland. Langerhans cell histiocytosis presenting with papillary thyroid carcinoma is rare. The privilege of our case is langerhans cell histiocytosis of the thyroid with multiple cervical lymph node involvement accompanying cervical lymph node metastatic thyroid papillary carcinoma.

In the title compound, C18H15N5O2S, a weak intramolecular C—H...S hydrogen bond results in a small dihedral angle of 3.71 (9)° between the methylphenyl and triazole rings, which, in turn, form dihedral angles of 80.09 (8) and 77.32 (8)°, respectively, with the benzoxazolone mean plane. In the crystal, N—H...O hydrogen bonds link molecules into chains along [001], and weak C—H...N hydrogen bonds and π–π interactions between the five- and six-membered rings [centroid–centroid distances = 3.5074 (11) and 3.616 (1) Å] consolidate the crystal packing.

In the title salt, C12H18NO+·Cl−, N—H...Cl interactions between the free chloride anions and the organic cations connect the molecules into hydrogen-bond dimers, forming a R22(8) motif. The dimers are linked by C—H...O hydrogen bonds into chains extending along [301]. The carbonyl group is co-planar with the phenyl ring [C—C—C=O torsion angle = −3.3 (7)°]. The side chain has an E conformation.

In the title compound, C29H27ClN4O2, the six-membered ring of the pyridazine group is nearly planar [maximum deviation = −0.062 (2) Å] and its mean plane makes dihedral angles of 43.05 (9), 44.71 (10) and 72.57 (9)°, respectively, with the two phenyl and benzene rings. The piperazine ring has a chair conformation and its mean plane is almost perpendicular to the attached benzene ring, with a dihedral angle of 83.20 (16)°. In the crystal, molecules are linked via two pairs of C—H...O interactions, which result in the formation of chains propagating along [10-1]. Neighbouring chains are linked via C—H...π interactions.

In the title compound, C13H20NO+·Cl−, the protonated amino N atom is hydrogen bonded to the chloride anion. N—H...Cl hydrogen bonds link the anions and cations into dimers, which are connected by C—H...O hydrogen bonds, forming supramolecular chains extending along [100].

In the title compound, C14H11ClN2O2, the 2,3-dihydro-1,3-benzoxazole ring system is essentially planar [maximum deviation = 0.009 (2) Å] and makes a dihedral angle of 79.15 (7)° with the phenyl ring. Intermolecular N—H...O and weak C—H...Cl hydrogen bonds occur in the crystal structure.

The crystal structure of the title compound, C12H17BrNO+·Cl−, is stabilized by N—H...Cl and C—H...O hydrogen bonds, forming a three-dimensional network. The interactions framework is completed by C—H...π contacts between a methylene group and the benzene ring of a symmetry-related molecule.

In the title compound, C26H25Cl2NO2, the piperidine ring adopts a chair conformation with a cis configuration of the carbonyl and hydroxy substituents. The dihedral angle between the aromatic rings of the chlorobenzene groups is 24.3 (2)°. The phenyl ring forms dihedral angles of 59.4 (3) and 44.1 (3)° with the benzene rings. In the crystal, molecules are linked by intermolecular O—H...N and C—H...O hydrogen bonds and C—H...π interactions into layers parallel to the bc plane.

In the title compound, C13H12ClN3·H2O, the organic molecule is almost planar, with a dihedral angle of 3.22 (10)° between the benzene and pyridine rings. The crystal structure is stabilized by O—H...N and C—H...O hydrogen bonding and π–π stacking interactions [centroid–centroid distances = 3.630 (1) and 3.701 (1) Å].

In the title compound, C16H11NO4S, the nine-membered fused ring is nearly planar, with maximum deviations from the mean plane of −0.022 (1) Å for the N atom and 0.011 (1) Å for the S atom, and makes a dihedral angle of 53.56 (7)° with the phenyl ring. The crystal structure is stabilized by O—H...O and C—H...O hydrogen-bonding interactions.

Onyx consists of an ethylene–vinyl alcohol copolymer dissolved in dimethyl sulfoxide, used in blood vessel embolization. Preoperative embolization of some hypervascular tumors is commonly performed to reduce surgical time and blood loss. However, unwanted effects associated with Onyx can raise perioperative anesthetic concerns. A 19-year-old man, weighing 55 kg with an arteriovenous malformation located in the left popliteal region underwent Onyx embolization 1 day before surgery. Because of observed perioperative desaturation, extubation difficulty, and subsequent respiratory distress, the patient’s treatment was continued in the intensive care unit. We present the clinical developments and anesthetic concerns experienced during this study. In patients who have undergone Onyx embolization and exhibit preoperative respiratory distress, tachypnea, and desaturation, postponing surgery, except for emergency indications, may be appropriate. For those undergoing surgery, extubation and subsequent intensive care may be required. Steroids, diuretics, antithrombotic drugs, and antibiotics should be considered in the treatment. Oxygen support with a mask and, if necessary, advanced airway support should be provided. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Abstract Changing climatic conditions with rising temperatures and altered precipitation patterns pose significant challenges to agricultural productivity, particularly for common bean crops. Transcription factors (TFs) are crucial regulators that can mitigate the impact of biotic and abiotic stresses on crop production. The MADS‐box TFs family has been implicated in various plant physiological processes, including stress‐responsive mechanisms. However, their role in common bean and their response to stressful conditions remain poorly understood. Here, we identified 35 MADS‐box gene family members in common bean, with conserved MADS‐box domains and other functional domains. Gene duplication events were observed, suggesting the significance of duplication in the evolutionary development of gene families. The analysis of promoter regions revealed diverse elements, including stress‐responsive elements, indicating their potential involvement in stress responses. Notably, PvMADS31, a member of the PvMADS‐box gene family, demonstrated rapid upregulation under various abiotic stress conditions, including NaCl, polyethylene glycol, drought, and abscisic acid (ABA) treatments. Transgenic plants overexpressing PvMADS31 displayed enhanced lateral root development, root elongation, and seed germination under stress conditions. Furthermore, PvMADS31 overexpression in Arabidopsis resulted in improved drought tolerance, likely attributed to the enhanced scavenging of ROS and increased proline accumulation. These findings suggest that PvMADS31 might play a crucial role in modulating seed germination, root development, and stress responses, potentially through its involvement in auxin and ABA signaling pathways. Overall, this study provides valuable insights into the potential roles of PvMADS‐box genes in abiotic stress responses in common bean, offering prospects for crop improvement strategies to enhance resilience under changing environmental conditions.

In this study, six different evaluation question regarding the regulation and implementation of the teacher career stages for science teachers have been examined. The evaluation questions encompass both positive and negative outcomes that teachers experience as a result of the regulation, the underlying reasons for the regulation, and its deficiencies. The phenomenological research design, which is one of the qualitative research methods, was employed to gather the opinions of teachers. A total of 17 science teachers with varying years of service participated in the research. This study group was formed using easily accessible and maximum diversity sampling methods. As a data collection instrument, an interview form consisting of open-ended questions was utilized by the researchers to determine the teachers' views on the promotion system within the career ladder. The interview form was thoroughly reviewed by an expert faculty member in the field of educational sciences and two science teachers. The data analysis involved converting the responses obtained from the open-ended questions into an online form and analyzing them using content analysis technique. Based on the teachers' evaluations, it was determined that the regulation led to significant salary increases for teachers and assisted them in planning their careers. However, concerns were raised about the suitability of the examination system and time conditions, as well as the perception that their professional achievements were not adequately evaluated. Suggestions include the preparation of the regulation through a more participatory process, the use of performance-based criteria, and the provision of career incentive rewards based on these criteria. Additionally, a revision of the examination system and the inclusion of seminars and events attended by teachers in the evaluation process are recommended.

The research aims to identify the factors influencing the intentions of science teachers to use virtual reality in educational settings. The study adopts a cross-sectional research design, with a sample consisting of 298 science teachers. The study takes into consideration three theoretical frameworks: i) Technology Acceptance Model, ii) Theory of Planned Behavior, and iii) Self-Determination Theory. A 30-item, 5-point Likert scale questionnaire was administered for data collection. During data analysis, various statistical methods were employed, including i) descriptive analysis, ii) confirmatory factor analysis, and iii) path analysis. The reliability of the research is substantiated by a satisfactory Cronbach Alpha coefficient, and the construct validity is confirmed through the obtained values. Path analysis results reveal that relationship coefficients (β) range from .22 to .37, thereby confirming all 13 hypotheses posited in the study (p

In this study, it is aimed to determine the metaphors and analogies in the 6th grade science textbook. The document analysis method, which is one of the qualitative research methods, was used in the research. The data related to the research consists of metaphors and analogies in the textbook taught in the 6th grade science course written between 2021-2022. In the analysis of the obtained data, the content analysis technique was used. The metaphors and analogies identified by the researchers in the aforementioned book were presented to 24 science teachers, who are experts in the field via the internet, and the reliability percentage was calculated as a result of their opinions, and the reliability rate was calculated as 70.416%. In this calculation, Miles and Huberman's (1994) reliability equation was used and the value was found to be reliable according to this equation. As a result, it has been determined that metaphors and analogies are used very little in the mentioned book.