160 results on '"Aguirre AA"'
Search Results
2. Association of the Cold Shock DEAD-Box RNA Helicase RhlE to the RNA Degradosome in $\textit{Caulobacter crescentus}$
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Aguirre, AA, Vicente, AM, Hardwick, SW, Alvelos, DM, Mazzon, RR, Luisi, BF, Marques, MV, Hardwick, Steven [0000-0001-9246-1864], Luisi, Ben [0000-0003-1144-9877], and Apollo - University of Cambridge Repository
- Subjects
RhlE ,cold shock ,Caulobacter crescentus ,RNA degradosome ,DEAD-box RNA helicase - Abstract
In diverse bacterial lineages, multienzyme assemblies have evolved that are central elements of RNA metabolism and RNA-mediated regulation. The aquatic Gram-negative bacterium $\textit{Caulobacter crescentus}$, which has been a model system for studying the bacterial cell cycle, has an RNA degradosome assembly that is formed by the endoribonuclease RNase E and includes the DEAD-box RNA helicase RhlB. Immunoprecipitations of extracts from cells expressing an epitope-tagged RNase E reveal that RhlE, another member of the DEAD-box helicase family, associates with the degradosome at temperatures below those optimum for growth. Phenotype analyses of rhlE, rhlB, and rhlE rhlB mutant strains show that RhlE is important for cell fitness at low temperature and its role may not be substituted by RhlB. Transcriptional and translational fusions of rhlE to the lacZ reporter gene and immunoblot analysis of an epitope-tagged RhlE indicate that its expression is induced upon temperature decrease, mainly through posttranscriptional regulation. RNase E pulldown assays show that other proteins, including the transcription termination factor Rho, a second DEAD-box RNA helicase, and ribosomal protein S1, also associate with the degradosome at low temperature. The results suggest that the RNA degradosome assembly can be remodeled with environmental change to alter its repertoire of helicases and other accessory proteins.IMPORTANCE DEAD-box RNA helicases are often present in the RNA degradosome complex, helping unwind secondary structures to facilitate degradation. Caulobacter crescentus is an interesting organism to investigate degradosome remodeling with change in temperature, because it thrives in freshwater bodies and withstands low temperature. In this study, we show that at low temperature, the cold-induced DEAD-box RNA helicase RhlE is recruited to the RNA degradosome, along with other helicases and the Rho protein. RhlE is essential for bacterial fitness at low temperature, and its function may not be complemented by RhlB, although RhlE is able to complement for rhlB loss. These results suggest that RhlE has a specific role in the degradosome at low temperature, potentially improving adaptation to this condition.
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- 2017
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3. Essential veterinary education in zoological and wildlife medicine: a global perspective
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Aguirre Aa
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Veterinary medicine ,Habitat fragmentation ,business.industry ,education ,Wildlife ,General Medicine ,Global health ,Medicine ,Animal Science and Zoology ,Livestock ,Conservation biology ,Conservation medicine ,business ,Environmental planning ,Curriculum ,Wildlife conservation - Abstract
The current veterinary curriculum leaves graduates ill-equipped for careers in the field of zoological and wildlife medicine. Further postgraduate training is required to be an effective zoo or wildlife veterinarian. However, whether or not students choose to specialise in this field at a later date, the veterinary curriculum should cover several issues that are related to wildlife and zoo animals, including conservation biology, zoology, behaviour, physiology and conservation medicine. These subjects are essential, as we are preparing students to work in a world in which there is a global trade in wild animals, an increasing number of emerging infectious diseases and numerous environmental threats (habitat fragmentation, climate change) linked to anthropogenic change. Veterinary students should also be exposed to new opportunities to identify field and laboratory tools for the management and possible treatment of diseases in captive and wild populations and ecosystems using both in situ and ex situ approaches to conservation.
- Published
- 2009
4. Viral susceptibility of newly established cell lines from the Hawaiian monk seal Monachus schauinslandi
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Lu, Y, primary, Aguirre, AA, additional, Wang, Y, additional, Zeng, L, additional, Loh, PC, additional, and Yanagihara, R, additional
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- 2003
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5. Land use and west nile virus seroprevalence in wild mammals.
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Gómez A, Kilpatrick AM, Kramer LD, Dupuis AP 2nd, Maffei JG, Goetz SJ, Marra PP, Daszak P, Aguirre AA, Gómez, Andrés, Kilpatrick, A Marm, Kramer, Laura D, Dupuis, Alan P 2nd, Maffei, Joseph G, Goetz, Scott J, Marra, Peter P, Daszak, Peter, and Aguirre, A Alonso
- Abstract
We examined West Nile virus (WNV) seroprevalence in wild mammals along a forest-to-urban gradient in the US mid-Atlantic region. WNV antibody prevalence increased with age, urbanization, and date of capture for juveniles and varied significantly between species. These findings suggest several requirements for using mammals as indicators of transmission. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2008
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6. Unhealthy landscapes: policy recommendations on land use change and infectious disease emergence.
- Author
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Patz JA, Daszak P, Tabor GM, Aguirre AA, Pearl M, Epstein J, Wolfe ND, Kilpatrick AM, Foufopoulos J, Molyneux D, Bradley DJ, and Working Group on Land Use Change and Disease Emergence
- Abstract
Anthropogenic land use changes drive a range of infectious disease outbreaks and emergence events and modify the transmission of endemic infections. These drivers include agricultural encroachment, deforestation, road construction, dam building, irrigation, wetland modification, mining, the concentration or expansion of urban environments, coastal zone degradation, and other activities. These changes in turn cause a cascade of factors that exacerbate infectious disease emergence, such as forest fragmentation, disease introduction, pollution, poverty, and human migration. The Working Group on Land Use Change and Disease Emergence grew out of a special colloquium that convened international experts in infectious diseases, ecology, and environmental health to assess the current state of knowledge and to develop recommendations for addressing these environmental health challenges. The group established a systems model approach and priority lists of infectious diseases affected by ecologic degradation. Policy-relevant levels of the model include specific health risk factors, landscape or habitat change, and institutional (economic and behavioral) levels. The group recommended creating Centers of Excellence in Ecology and Health Research and Training, based at regional universities and/or research institutes with close links to the surrounding communities. The centers' objectives would be 3-fold: a) to provide information to local communities about the links between environmental change and public health; b) to facilitate fully interdisciplinary research from a variety of natural, social, and health sciences and train professionals who can conduct interdisciplinary research; and c) to engage in science-based communication and assessment for policy making toward sustainable health and ecosystems. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2004
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7. Long chain capsaicin analogues synthetized by CALB-CLEAs show cytotoxicity on glioblastoma cell lines.
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Diaz-Vidal T, Armenta-Pérez VP, Rosales-Rivera LC, Basulto-Padilla GC, Martínez-Pérez RB, Mateos-Díaz JC, Gutiérrez-Mercado YK, Canales-Aguirre AA, and Rodríguez JA
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- Humans, Enzymes, Immobilized metabolism, Fungal Proteins metabolism, Capsaicin pharmacology, Glioblastoma drug therapy
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Glioblastoma is one of the most lethal tumors, displaying striking cellular heterogeneity and drug resistance. The prognosis of patients suffering from glioblastoma after 5 years is only 5%. In the present work, capsaicin analogues bearing modifications on the acyl chain with long-chain fatty acids showed promising anti-tumoral activity by its cytotoxicity on U-87 and U-138 glioblastoma multiforme cells. The capsaicin analogues were enzymatically synthetized with cross-linked enzyme aggregates of lipase B from Candida antarctica (CALB). The catalytic performance of recombinant CALB-CLEAs was compared to their immobilized form on a hydrophobic support. After 72 h of reaction, the synthesis of capsaicin analogues from linoleic acid, docosahexaenoic acid, and punicic acid achieved a maximum conversion of 69.7, 8.3 and 30.3% with CALB-CLEAs, respectively. Similar values were obtained with commercial CALB, with conversion yields of 58.3, 24.2 and 22% for capsaicin analogues from linoleic acid, DHA and punicic acid, respectively. Olvanil and dohevanil had a significant cytotoxic effect on both U-87 and U-138 glioblastoma cells. Irrespective of the immobilization form, CALB is an efficient biocatalyst for the synthesis of anti-tumoral capsaicin derivatives. KEY POINTS: • This is the first report concerning the enzymatic synthesis of capsaicin analogues from docosahexaenoic acid and punicic acid with CALB-CLEAs. • The viability U-87 and U-138 glioblastoma cells was significantly affected after incubation with olvanil and dohevanil. • Capsaicin analogues from fatty acids obtained by CALB-CLEAs are promising candidates for therapeutic use as cytotoxic agents in glioblastoma cancer cells., (© 2024. The Author(s).)
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- 2024
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8. Comparison of the blood biochemical values of foraging and nesting Olive Ridley turtles (Lepidochelys olivacea) from Sinaloa, Mexico.
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Valdés-Flores J, Ley-Quiñonez CP, León-Sicairos N, Flores-Villaseñor H, Velázquez-Román J, Angulo-Zamudio U, Zavala-Norzagaray A, Hart CE, Olimón-Andalón V, Leal-Moreno R, Sosa-Cornejo I, Aguirre AA, and Canizalez-Román A
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- Animals, Mexico, Female, Environmental Monitoring, Blood Urea Nitrogen, Reference Values, Hematocrit, Turtles blood, Turtles physiology, Nesting Behavior
- Abstract
Our study aimed to establish reference values for nesting females and compare them with those previously reported to understand olive ridley turtles' health status and contribute to long-term health assessment and monitoring in foraging and nesting areas from the state of Sinaloa, Mexico. In August and September 2018, morphometric data and biochemical profiles were collected from 33 nesting olive ridley turtles from Ceuta Beach Sanctuary (CBS) and 14 foraging female turtles captured at the foraging site, Navachiste Marine Area (NMA). Nesting turtles sampled had greater CCL (65.86 ± 1.70 cm) than those from the foraging area (61.54 ± 1.22) (p < 0.05). Regarding biochemical profiles, post-nesting turtles had higher packed cell volume (PCV), albumin, blood urea nitrogen (BUN), cholesterol, triglycerides, and calcium than turtles from the foraging area (p < 0.05). Phosphorus levels were higher in foraging turtles than in nesting turtles (p = 0.001), while the remaining parameters showed no significant differences. The present study describes for the first time the blood biochemical values of nesting turtles from the Ceuta Beach Sanctuary in southern Sinaloa, Mexico, similar to those of foraging turtles from the north of the state. The significant differences observed between the two analysis groups may be due to the energy reserves and reproductive and nesting activity of the nesting turtles, so the blood biochemistry values described in this study can be used as a standard reference blood value for the olive ridley turtle population of Sinaloa, Mexico., Competing Interests: Declaration of competing interest The authors declare that they have no known competing financial interests or personal relationships that could have appeared to influence the work reported in this paper., (Copyright © 2024 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.)
- Published
- 2024
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9. Distribution of copper in the Atlantic and Pacific Oceans using green turtles (Chelonia mydas) as a bioindicator.
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Fraga NS, Martins AS, Faust DR, da Silva CC, Bianchini A, Aguirre AA, and Sakai H
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- Animals, Pacific Ocean, Atlantic Ocean, Environmental Monitoring, Brazil, Liver metabolism, Liver chemistry, Kidney chemistry, Japan, Texas, Turtles metabolism, Copper analysis, Water Pollutants, Chemical analysis
- Abstract
Marine pollution by trace elements is a global concern due to potential toxicity to species and ecosystems. Copper is a fundamental trace element for many organisms; however, it becomes toxic at certain concentrations. The green turtle (Chelonia mydas) is a good sentinel species, due to its circumglobal distribution, long life cycle, coastal habits when juvenile, and is subject to environmental pollution. Quantifying and comparing copper levels makes it possible to understand the availability of this trace element in nature. During this research, comparisons were made between the levels of copper found in the liver, kidneys, and muscles of 35 turtles, from the United States (Hawaii and Texas), Brazil, and Japan. Copper was found in all specimens. In the liver, animals from Hawaii (91.08 µg g
-1 ), Texas (46.11 µg g-1 ), and Japan (65.18 µg g-1 ) had statistically equal means, while those from Brazil (16. 79 µg g-1 ) had the lowest means. For the kidney, copper means were statistically equal for all Hawaii (3.71 µg g-1 ), Texas (4.83 µg g-1 ), Japan (2.47 µg g-1 ), and Brazil (1.89 µg g-1 ). In muscle, the means between Texas (0.75 µg g-1 ) and Japan (0.75 µg g-1 ) were the same, and the mean for Brazil (0.13 µg g-1 ) was the lowest. Among the organs, the highest levels of copper were found in the liver (28.33 µg g-1 ) followed by the kidney (2.25 µg g-1 ) and with the lowest levels in the muscle (0.33 µg g-1 ). This is the first study of copper levels among marine vertebrates in distant parts of the globe using similar comparative filters between different locations. Similar levels in turtles from such distant locations may indicate that there is a pantropical pattern of copper distribution in the biota, and that these animals are subject to the process of bioavailability of this metal in the environment and metabolic regulation., (© 2024. The Author(s), under exclusive licence to Springer-Verlag GmbH Germany, part of Springer Nature.)- Published
- 2024
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10. Docosahexaenoic Acid (DHA), Vitamin D3, and Probiotics Supplementation Improve Memory, Glial Reactivity, and Oxidative Stress Biomarkers in an Aluminum-Induced Cognitive Impairment Rat Model.
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Faccinetto-Beltrán P, Reza-Zaldivar EE, Curiel-Pedraza DA, Canales-Aguirre AA, and Jacobo-Velázquez DA
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Globally, the rise in neurodegenerative issues in tandem with shifts in lifestyle and aging population has prompted a search for effective interventions. Nutraceutical compounds have emerged as promising agents for addressing these challenges. This 60-day study on an aluminum-induced cognitive impairment rat model assessed three compounds and their combinations: probiotics (Prob, Lactobacillus plantarum [5 × 10
10 CFU/day], and Lactobacillus acidophilus [5 × 1010 CFU/day]), docosahexaenoic acid (DHA, 23.8 mg/day), and vitamin D3 (VD3, 150 IU/day). Behavioral outcomes were evaluated by using the Morris water maze and novel object recognition tests. Glial activation was assessed through immunofluorescence analysis of GFAP/Iba1, and oxidative stress markers in brain tissue were determined by measuring the levels of Malondialdehyde (MDA) and Superoxide dismutase (SOD). The results demonstrated a progressive improvement in the learning and memory capacity. The aluminum group exhibited the poorest performance in the behavioral test, enhanced GFAP/Iba1 activation, and elevated levels of oxidative stress markers. Conversely, the DHA + Prob + VD3 treatment demonstrated the best performance in the Morris water maze. The combination of DHA + Prob + VD3 exhibited superior performance in the Morris water maze, accompanied by reduced levels of GFAP/Iba1 activation in DG/CA1 brain regions. Furthermore, DHA + Prob supplementation showed lower GFAP/Iba1 activation in the CA3 region and enhanced antioxidant activity. In summary, supplementing various nutraceutical combinations, including DHA, VD3, and Prob, displayed notable benefits against aluminum-induced cognitive impairment. These benefits encompassed memory enhancement, diminished MDA concentration, increased SOD activity, and reduced glial activation, as indicated by GFAP/Iba1 markers., Competing Interests: The authors declare no competing financial interest., (© 2024 The Authors. Published by American Chemical Society.)- Published
- 2024
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11. Influence of the solvent on the sensitization of nanostructured electrodes of TiO 2 for solar cells sensitized with a natural dye extracted from purple corn: Molecular dynamic simulation and experimental validation.
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Huamán Aguirre AA and Quintana Cáceda ME
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- Solvents, Molecular Dynamics Simulation, Coloring Agents, Ethanol, Water, Electrodes, Zea mays, Solar Energy
- Abstract
This study uses molecular dynamics (MD) simulations and experiments to explore the interaction between titanium dioxide (TiO
2 ) and cyanidin-3-glucoside (C3G), the main compound in purple corn, in the context of sensitized solar cells. dyes (DSSCs). Different proportions of water and ethanol in the solvent were applied. MD revealed the effective chemisorption of C3G and significant variations in the equilibrium enthalpy, indicating the influence of the solvent composition on the stability of the TiO2 /C3G system. The negative adsorption energies (EAds ) reveal favourable adsorption processes. A possible formation of solvation shells was observed near the TiO2 nanoparticle. The experimental results supported the simulation predictions, highlighting the system with 25 % water and 75 % ethanol (W1E3) as the most efficient. The formation of solvation shells facilitates C3G adsorption, improving anchoring and reducing unwanted electron recombinations. The results provide essential information for the selection of optimal solvents in future photovoltaic applications, contributing to the improvement of the performance of these solar cells., Competing Interests: Declaration of competing interest The authors declare the following financial interests/personal relationships which may be considered as potential competing interests: Arnold Huaman reports financial support was provided by National Council of Science Technology and Technology Innovation., (Copyright © 2023 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.)- Published
- 2024
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12. Planetary health education in the United States: four curricular models, one goal.
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Jacobsen KH, Marchione KA, Faerron Guzmán CA, Aguirre AA, and Waggett CE
- Abstract
Global environmental crises demand scaled-up investment in education about planetary health. We identified college and university programs in the United States that focus on the human-animal-ecosystem nexus by systematically searching the 2023-2024 catalogs of more than 1000 schools. We identified four frequently-used curricular models: (1) One Health programs offered by universities with veterinary and agriculture schools that emphasize zoonotic diseases, antimicrobial resistance, food safety, and wildlife conservation; (2) climate change and health (climate medicine) programs for graduate and professional students at large universities with medical and public health schools; (3) global environmental public health programs focused on pollution and other exposures; and (4) sustainability and health programs emphasizing food security, environmental justice, and other health issues that can be improved with ethical design and engineering. Highlighting the shared goals of these distinct academic models may help make planetary health a more visible area of teaching, research, and practice.
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- 2024
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13. A randomized clinical trial of home telemonitoring in patients with advanced heart and lung diseases.
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Hernandez-Quiles C, Bernabeu-Wittel M, Barón-Franco B, Palacios AA, Garcia-Serrano MR, Lopez-Jimeno W, Antonio Perez-de-Leon-Serrano J, Gómez-Barranco JM, Ruiz-Cantero A, Quero-Haro M, Cubiles-Montero E, Vergara-Lopez S, and Ollero-Baturone M
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- Adult, Aged, Female, Humans, Male, Chronic Disease, Hospitalization, Quality of Life, Heart Failure therapy, Lung Diseases therapy, Telemedicine methods
- Abstract
Brief Summary: The addition of home monitoring to an integrated care model in patients with advanced chronic heart/lung diseases decreases mortality, hospital and emergency admissions, improves functional status, HRQoL, and is cost-effective., Background: Telemonitoring is a promising implement for medicine, but its efficacy is unknown in patients with advanced heart and lung failure (AHLF)., Objective: To determine the efficacy of a telemonitoring system added to coordinated clinical care in patients with AHLF., Design: Randomized phase 3 multicenter clinical trial with parallel groups in adult patients., Participants: Five spanish centers including patients with AHLF at discharge or in out-patient clinics., Intervention: Patients were randomly assigned to receive a remote bio-parameters telemonitoring system (TELECARE) or best usual care (UCARE). TELECARE patients were provided with devices that collected symptoms and bio-parameters, and transferred them synchronously to a call-center, with a real-time health-care response., Main Measures: Primary end point was the need of admissions/emergency room visits at 45, 90, 180 days. Secondary end points included health care requirements, mortality, functional assessment, health related quality of life (HRQoL), perceived satisfaction, and cost-efficacy., Results: 510 patients were included (54.5% women, median age 76.5 years; 63.1% suffered heart failure, 13.9% lung failure, and 22.9% both conditions). Clinical and functional features were comparable in both arms. TELECARE globally needed less admissions with respect UCARE after 45 days of inclusion (35.4% vs. 46.9%, p < 0.05). This tendency was maintained in the subgroups of patients with multimorbidity (34.2% vs. 46.9%, p < 0.05), intermediate risk of mortality (36.5% vs. 51.1%, p < 0.05), and those included after hospital discharge (34.9% vs. 50.5%, p < 0.01). HRQoL significantly improved (TELECARE/UCARE EuroQol baseline of 56.2 ± 18.2/55.1 ± 19.7, p = 0.054, and 64 ± 19.9/56.3 ± 21.6; p < 0.01 at the end), and perceived satisfaction was also higher (6.77 ± 0.52 vs. 6.62 ± 0.81, p < 0.001; highest possible score = 7). A trend to mortality decrease was also observed (12.9% vs. 19.3%, p = 0.13). TELECARE was cost-efficacious (TELECARE/UCARE QALY 3.94 Euros/0.81Euros)., Conclusions: The addition of a telemonitoring system to an integrated care model in patients with AHLF decreases hospital and emergency admissions, improves functional status as well as HRQoL, and is cost-efficacious., Competing Interests: Declaration of conflicting interestsThe authors declared no potential conflicts of interest with respect to the research, authorship, and/or publication of this article.
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- 2024
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14. Mesenchymal Stem Cell-Based Therapies in the Post-Acute Neurological COVID Syndrome: Current Landscape and Opportunities.
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León-Moreno LC, Reza-Zaldívar EE, Hernández-Sapiéns MA, Villafaña-Estarrón E, García-Martin M, Ojeda-Hernández DD, Matias-Guiu JA, Gomez-Pinedo U, Matias-Guiu J, and Canales-Aguirre AA
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- Humans, SARS-CoV-2, Post-Acute COVID-19 Syndrome, Central Nervous System, COVID-19 therapy, Mesenchymal Stem Cells physiology
- Abstract
One of the main concerns related to SARS-CoV-2 infection is the symptoms that could be developed by survivors, known as long COVID, a syndrome characterized by persistent symptoms beyond the acute phase of the infection. This syndrome has emerged as a complex and debilitating condition with a diverse range of manifestations affecting multiple organ systems. It is increasingly recognized for affecting the Central Nervous System, in which one of the most prevalent manifestations is cognitive impairment. The search for effective therapeutic interventions has led to growing interest in Mesenchymal Stem Cell (MSC)-based therapies due to their immunomodulatory, anti-inflammatory, and tissue regenerative properties. This review provides a comprehensive analysis of the current understanding and potential applications of MSC-based interventions in the context of post-acute neurological COVID-19 syndrome, exploring the underlying mechanisms by which MSCs exert their effects on neuroinflammation, neuroprotection, and neural tissue repair. Moreover, we discuss the challenges and considerations specific to employing MSC-based therapies, including optimal delivery methods, and functional treatment enhancements.
- Published
- 2023
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15. Spontaneous Recovery of Paraplegia in a Polytrauma Patient following Spinal Cord Ischemia due to Type B Traumatic Aortic Dissection.
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Jurado PR, Aragón FH, González VAM, Silva JAL, Gutiérrez EAP, Ortiz NKP, Vázquez ACQ, Venzor LFT, Aponte EEG, Madrid AA, and Nafarrate EB
- Abstract
Aortic dissection is a life-threatening acute condition characterized by the separation of the aortic wall's layers. It is caused by a tear in the internal vascular wall (intimal layer and middle layer), which results in bleeding between the layers and causes abrupt and excruciating pain. The appropriate consideration must be given to the condition's dynamic nature, and variations in clinical presentation, without neglecting the urgency for intervention. In this case study, a 65-year-old male engaged in a car accident is admitted to urgent care with a traumatic aortic dissection diagnosis that included the aortic arch, a segmental exposed fracture of 1/3 distal of the right femur AO 32C3k, and an intertrochanteric fracture AO 31A1.3. The patient developed transient paraplegia as the initial manifestation of acute aortic dissection, which represents a high mortality and morbidity entity without adequate and prompt treatment, and prompt diagnosis and management were critical. A patient with severe thoracic and abdominal trauma caused by high-energy injury should be properly evaluated for the possibility of traumatic aortic dissection. The endovascular aortic repair was performed, resulting in a positive clinical evolution due to the important participation of the multidisciplinary trauma team involved in patient management and prompted decision-making., Competing Interests: The author(s) declare(s) that they have no conflicts of interest., (Copyright © 2023 Pedro Ramos Jurado et al.)
- Published
- 2023
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16. Host traits, ownership behaviour and risk factors of SARS-CoV-2 infection in domestic pets in Mexico.
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Espinosa-Gómez FC, Bautista E, Palacios-Cruz OE, Téllez-Ramírez A, Vázquez-Briones DB, Flores de Los Ángeles C, Abella-Medrano CA, Escobedo-Straffón JL, Aguirre-Alarcón H, Pérez-Silva NB, Solís-Hernández M, Navarro-López R, and Aguirre AA
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- Animals, Cats, Humans, Dogs, SARS-CoV-2, Ownership, Mexico epidemiology, Hospitals, Animal, RNA, Viral, Communicable Disease Control, Hospitals, Teaching, Antibodies, Neutralizing, Risk Factors, Pets, COVID-19 epidemiology, COVID-19 veterinary, Cat Diseases epidemiology, Dog Diseases epidemiology
- Abstract
SARS-CoV-2 can infect pets under natural conditions, which raises questions about the risk factors related to the susceptibility of these animals to infection. The status of pet infection by SARS-CoV-2 in Mexico is not well-understood. We aimed to estimate the frequency of positive household cats and dogs to viral RNA and antibodies for SARS-CoV-2 during the second wave of human infections in Mexico, and to recognize the major risk factors related to host and pet ownership behaviour. We evaluated two study groups, cats and dogs from COVID-19-infected/-suspected households (n = 44) and those admitted for veterinary care for any reason at several veterinary hospitals in Puebla City, Mexico (n = 91). Using RT-PCR, we identified the presence of SARS-CoV-2 RNA in swabs of four dogs (18.18%) and zero cats in COVID-19-infected/-suspected households; within this group, 31.82% of dogs and 27.27% of cats were tested IgG ELISA-positive; and neutralizing antibodies were detected in one dog (4.55%) and two cats (9.09%). In the random group (pets evaluated at private clinics and veterinary teaching hospital), 25.00% of dogs and 43.59% of cats were ELISA-positive and only one cat showed neutralizing antibodies (2.56%). Older than 4-year-old, other pets at home, and daily cleaning of pet dish, were each associated with an increase in SARS-CoV-2 infection (p < 0.05). Allowing face lick, sharing bed/food with pets and owner tested positive or suspected COVID-19 were not significant risk factors, but more than 4 h the owner spent away from home during the lockdown for COVID-19 (OR = 0.37, p = 0.01), and outdoor pet food tray (OR = 0.32, p = 0.01) significantly decreased the risks of SARS-CoV-2 infection in pets, suggesting that time the owner spends with their pet is an important risk factor., (© 2023 Wiley-VCH GmbH.)
- Published
- 2023
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17. In Vitro Antiviral Activity of Nordihydroguaiaretic Acid against SARS-CoV-2.
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Villalobos-Sánchez E, García-Ruiz D, Camacho-Villegas TA, Canales-Aguirre AA, Gutiérrez-Ortega A, Muñoz-Medina JE, and Elizondo-Quiroga DE
- Subjects
- Animals, Chlorocebus aethiops, Masoprocol pharmacology, Masoprocol therapeutic use, Antiviral Agents pharmacology, Antiviral Agents therapeutic use, Vero Cells, SARS-CoV-2, COVID-19
- Abstract
The coronavirus infectious disease 2019 (COVID-19) is caused by the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) and has been spreading rapidly worldwide, creating a pandemic. This article describes the evaluation of the antiviral activity of nordihydroguaiaretic acid (NDGA), a molecule found in Creosote bush ( Larrea tridentata ) leaves, against SARS-CoV-2 in vitro. A 35 µM concentration of NDGA was not toxic to Vero cells and exhibited a remarkable inhibitory effect on the SARS-CoV-2 cytopathic effect, viral plaque formation, RNA replication, and expression of the SARS-CoV-2 spike glycoprotein. The 50% effective concentration for NDGA was as low as 16.97 µM. Our results show that NDGA could be a promising therapeutic candidate against SARS-CoV-2.
- Published
- 2023
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18. Pantropical distribution of zinc in green turtles (Chelonia mydas): marine vertebrates as sentiel species.
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Fraga NS, Martins AS, Bianchini A, Faust DR, Sakai H, da Silva CC, and Aguirre AA
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- Animals, Zinc analysis, Liver metabolism, Trace Elements analysis, Turtles metabolism, Water Pollutants, Chemical analysis
- Abstract
Pollution is one of the biggest threats to marine life and trace elements are among the most toxic pollutants in this environment. Zn is an essential trace element for biota but becomes toxic at high concentrations. Sea turtles are good bioindicators of trace element pollution, due to their longevity and cosmopolitan distribution that allow bioaccumulation for years in their tissues. Determining and comparing Zn concentrations in sea turtles from faraway places is relevant for conservation due to the lack of knowledge of geographically broader distribution patterns of Zn in vertebrates. In this study, comparative analyses of bioaccumulation in the liver, kidney, and muscles of 35 C. mydas from Brazil, Hawaii, the USA (Texas), Japan, and Australia of statistically equal sizes were performed. Zn was found in all specimens, with the highest levels in the liver and kidneys. Specimens from Australia (30.58 µg g
-1 ), Hawaii (31.91 µg g-1 ), Japan (29.99 µg g-1 ), and the USA (33.79 µg g-1 ) showed statistically equal means in the liver. Kidney levels were the same in Japan (35.09 µg g-1 ) and the USA (37.29 µg g-1 ) and the same in Australia (23.06 µg g-1 ) and Hawaii (23.31 µg/g). Specimens from Brazil had the lowest means in both organs (12.17 µg g-1 in the liver and 9.39 µg g-1 in the kidney). The pattern of equal Zn values for most specimens in the liver is an important finding, demonstrating that there are pantropical patterns in the distribution of this metal even in regions so far from each other. A possible explanation is due to the essential nature of this metal linked to metabolic regulation, in addition to the bioavailability for biological absorption in marine environments, such as RS in Brazil, with a lower standard bioavailability also found in other organisms. Therefore, factors such as metabolic regulation and bioavailability indicate that there is a pantropical distribution of Zn in marine biota and green turtles can be a useful model as a sentinel species., (© 2023. The Author(s), under exclusive licence to Springer-Verlag GmbH Germany, part of Springer Nature.)- Published
- 2023
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19. Noncontiguous Multifocal Spondylodiscitis in 3 Regions of the Spine.
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González FG, Madrid AA, Pedroza DM, Solis AL, Aragon FH, Ortiz NKP, and Nafarrate EB
- Abstract
Spondylodiscitis is an uncommon infectious disease of the spine, usually presenting in 1 or 2 contiguous levels, associated with risk factors such as diabetes, intravenous drugs, corticosteroids, and invasive procedures. The most common presentation is pain with nonspecific systemic manifestations. Diagnosis relies on clinical suspicion, laboratories, and imaging studies. Urgent treatment is important due to the high morbid mortality associated with sepsis or a fulminant disease course. We report the case of a 39-year-old female diagnosed with noncontiguous multifocal spondylodiscitis, in the cervical, thoracic, and lumbar spine. The patient initially presented with back pain, inability to walk and severe neurological deficit in the upper and lower extremities, upon diagnosis broad-spectrum antibiotics were initiated. A staged surgical approach was performed in the 3 spine segments. During the 6 month follow-up, the patient presented walking with assistance, with the recovery of strength in the upper and lower extremities., Competing Interests: All authors certify that they have no affiliations with or involvement in any organization or entity with any financial interest or nonfinancial interest in the subject matter or materials discussed in this manuscript., (Copyright © 2022 Fernando González González et al.)
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- 2022
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20. Trace elements concentration in blood of nesting Kemp's Ridley turtles (Lepidochelys kempii) at Rancho Nuevo sanctuary, Tamaulipas, Mexico.
- Author
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Zavala-Félix KA, Reyes-López MA, Camacho-Sánchez FY, Acosta-Sánchez HH, Hart CE, Zavala-Norzagaray AA, Leal-Sepúlveda V, Leal-Moreno R, Espinoza-Romo BA, Aguirre AA, and Ley-Quiñónez CP
- Subjects
- Animals, Ecosystem, Cadmium, Lead, Mexico, Turtles, Trace Elements, Mercury
- Abstract
The concentrations of trace elements including As, Zn, Cu, Se, Pb, Hg and Cd, were determined in the blood of nesting Kemp's ridley turtles (Lepidochelys kempii) at Rancho Nuevo sanctuary, Tamaulipas, Mexico during 2018-2020. The sequential concentrations analyzed were Zn> Se> Cu> As> Pb; while Cd and Hg concentrations were below the limits of detection (0.01 μg g-1). No significant differences were observed between the concentrations of trace elements (p> 0.05) by year, except Se levels, possibly resulting from recorded seasonal differences in turtle size. No relationships among turtle size vs elements concentration were observed. In conclusion, essential and toxic trace elements concentrations in the blood of nesting Kemp's ridley turtles may be a reflex of the ecosystem in which the turtles develop, that is, with low bioavailability of elements observed in the trophic webs in the Gulf of Mexico., Competing Interests: The authors have declared that no competing interests exist.
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- 2022
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21. The effects of altered neurogenic microRNA levels and their involvement in the aggressiveness of periventricular glioblastoma.
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Reséndiz-Castillo LJ, Minjarez B, Reza-Zaldívar EE, Hernández-Sapiéns MA, Gutiérrez-Mercado YK, and Canales-Aguirre AA
- Subjects
- Adult, Humans, Lateral Ventricles metabolism, Lateral Ventricles pathology, Neurogenesis, Glioblastoma genetics, MicroRNAs genetics, MicroRNAs metabolism, Brain Neoplasms genetics, Brain Neoplasms pathology
- Abstract
Introduction: Glioblastoma multiforme is the most common primary brain tumour, with the least favourable prognosis. Despite numerous studies and medical advances, it continues to be lethal, with an average life expectancy of 15 months after chemo-radiotherapy., Development: Recent research has addressed several factors associated with the diagnosis and prognosis of glioblastoma; one significant factor is tumour localisation, particularly the subventricular zone, which represents one of the most active neurogenic niches of the adult human brain. Glioblastomas in this area are generally more aggressive, resulting in unfavourable prognosis and a shorter life expectancy. Currently, the research into microRNAs (miRNA) has intensified, revealing different expression patterns under physiological and pathophysiological conditions. It has been reported that the expression levels of certain miRNAs, mainly those related to neurogenic processes, are dysregulated in oncogenic events, thus favouring gliomagenesis and greater tumour aggressiveness. This review discusses some of the most important miRNAs involved in subventricular neurogenic processes and their association with glioblastoma aggressiveness., Conclusions: MiRNA regulation and function play an important role in the development and progression of glioblastoma; understanding the alterations of certain miRNAs involved in both differentiation and neural and glial maturation could help us to better understand the malignant characteristics of glioblastoma., (Copyright © 2019 Sociedad Española de Neurología. Published by Elsevier España, S.L.U. All rights reserved.)
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- 2022
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22. Chitosan-Hydroxycinnamic Acids Conjugates: Emerging Biomaterials with Rising Applications in Biomedicine.
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Ojeda-Hernández DD, Canales-Aguirre AA, Matias-Guiu JA, Matias-Guiu J, Gómez-Pinedo U, and Mateos-Díaz JC
- Subjects
- Biocompatible Materials chemistry, Coumaric Acids therapeutic use, Tissue Engineering, Chitosan chemistry, Anti-Infective Agents pharmacology, Anti-Infective Agents therapeutic use, Anti-Infective Agents chemistry
- Abstract
Over the past thirty years, research has shown the huge potential of chitosan in biomedical applications such as drug delivery, tissue engineering and regeneration, cancer therapy, and antimicrobial treatments, among others. One of the major advantages of this interesting polysaccharide is its modifiability, which facilitates its use in tailor-made applications. In this way, the molecular structure of chitosan has been conjugated with multiple molecules to modify its mechanical, biological, or chemical properties. Here, we review the conjugation of chitosan with some bioactive molecules: hydroxycinnamic acids (HCAs); since these derivatives have been probed to enhance some of the biological effects of chitosan and to fine-tune its characteristics for its application in the biomedical field. First, the main characteristics of chitosan and HCAs are presented; then, the currently employed conjugation strategies between chitosan and HCAs are described; and, finally, the studied biomedical applications of these derivatives are discussed to present their limitations and advantages, which could lead to proximal therapeutic uses.
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- 2022
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23. Nose-to-Brain: The Next Step for Stem Cell and Biomaterial Therapy in Neurological Disorders.
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Villar-Gómez N, Ojeda-Hernandez DD, López-Muguruza E, García-Flores S, Bonel-García N, Benito-Martín MS, Selma-Calvo B, Canales-Aguirre AA, Mateos-Díaz JC, Montero-Escribano P, Matias-Guiu JA, Matías-Guiu J, and Gómez-Pinedo U
- Subjects
- Administration, Intranasal, Brain, Humans, Stem Cells, Biocompatible Materials therapeutic use, Nervous System Diseases therapy
- Abstract
Neurological disorders are a leading cause of morbidity worldwide, giving rise to a growing need to develop treatments to revert their symptoms. This review highlights the great potential of recent advances in cell therapy for the treatment of neurological disorders. Through the administration of pluripotent or stem cells, this novel therapy may promote neuroprotection, neuroplasticity, and neuroregeneration in lesion areas. The review also addresses the administration of these therapeutic molecules by the intranasal route, a promising, non-conventional route that allows for direct access to the central nervous system without crossing the blood-brain barrier, avoiding potential adverse reactions and enabling the administration of large quantities of therapeutic molecules to the brain. Finally, we focus on the need to use biomaterials, which play an important role as nutrient carriers, scaffolds, and immune modulators in the administration of non-autologous cells. Little research has been conducted into the integration of biomaterials alongside intranasally administered cell therapy, a highly promising approach for the treatment of neurological disorders.
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- 2022
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24. PSEN1 c.1292C < A Variant and Early-Onset Alzheimer's Disease: A Scoping Review.
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Orozco-Barajas M, Oropeza-Ruvalcaba Y, Canales-Aguirre AA, and Sánchez-González VJ
- Abstract
Alzheimer's disease (AD) is the most common cause of dementia, characterized by progressive loss of cognitive function, with β-amyloid plaques and neurofibrillary tangles being its major pathological findings. Although the disease mainly affects the elderly, c. 5-10% of the cases are due to PSEN1 , PSEN2 , and APP mutations, principally associated with an early onset of the disease. The A413E (rs63750083) PSEN1 variant, identified in 2001, is associated with early-onset Alzheimer's disease (EOAD). Although there is scant knowledge about the disease's clinical manifestations and particular features, significant clinical heterogeneity was reported, with a high incidence of spastic paraparesis (SP), language impairments, and psychiatric and motor manifestations. This scoping review aims to synthesize findings related to the A431E variant of PSEN1. In the search, we followed the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) statement and the guidelines proposed by Arksey and O'Malley. We searched and identified 247 studies including the A431E variant of PSEN1 from 2001 to 2021 in five databases and one search engine. After the removal of duplicates, and apply inclusion criteria, 42 studies were finally included. We considered a narrative synthesis with a qualitative approach for the analysis of the data. Given the study sample conformation, we divided the results into those carried out only with participants carrying A431E (seven studies), subjects with PSEN variants (11 studies), and variants associated with EOAD in PSEN1 , PSEN2 , and APP (24 studies). The resulting synthesis indicates most studies involve Mexican and Mexican-American participants in preclinical stages. The articles analyzed included carrier characteristics in categories such as genetics, clinical, imaging techniques, neuropsychology, neuropathology, and biomarkers. Some studies also considered family members' beliefs and caregivers' experiences. Heterogeneity in both the studies found and carrier samples of EOAD-related gene variants does not allow for the generalization of the findings. Future research should focus on reporting data on the progression of carrier characteristics through time and reporting results independently or comparing them across variants., Competing Interests: The authors declare that the research was conducted in the absence of any commercial or financial relationships that could be construed as a potential conflict of interest., (Copyright © 2022 Orozco-Barajas, Oropeza-Ruvalcaba, Canales-Aguirre and Sánchez-González.)
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- 2022
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25. ISOLATION, CHARACTERIZATION, AND ANTIMICROBIAL SUSCEPTIBILITY OF BACTERIA ISOLATED FROM SEA LION (ZALOPHUS CALIFORNIANUS) PUPS IN NORTHWESTERN MEXICO.
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Zavala-Norzagaray AA, Aguirre AA, Angulo-Zamudio UA, Ley-Quiñonez CP, Flores-Villaseñor H, León-Sicairos N, Velázquez-Román J, Elorriaga-Verplancken FR, Zavala-Félix KA, Hart CE, and Canizalez-Román A
- Subjects
- Animals, Anti-Bacterial Agents pharmacology, Escherichia coli, Mexico epidemiology, Phylogeny, Salmonella, Sea Lions microbiology
- Abstract
Bacterial infections have been documented in marine mammals for decades, and some are considered emerging pathogens with zoonotic potential. The aerobic oral (n=16) and rectal (n=17) bacterial microbiota and their antimicrobial resistance were characterized for 17 apparently healthy California sea lion pups (Zalophus californianus) captured with a hoop net in Farallon Island, Sinaloa, Mexico, in 2016. Bacteriologic cultures, Analytical Profile Index, and PCR were used to identify bacterial species. The Escherichia coli phylogenetic groups were identified by PCR, Salmonella serotypes were identified, and resistance to antibiotics was evaluated. Overall, 39 bacterial species were isolated, including E. coli and Salmonella spp. (35.9% each) and Pseudomonas aeruginosa (28.2%). For E. coli, UNKNOWN phylogroup was the most prevalent (57.7%), followed by the A phylogroup (37.1%). Most Salmonella serotypes were identified as Newport (92.8%); serotype Saintpaul was also identified (7.2%). Sea lions with bacterial co-colonization included 24.2%, from which two bacterial species were isolated, and 3% with three species. Overall, 59% of bacteria were resistant to at least one antibiotic tested, and 25.6% were extensively drug resistant. Bacteria were highly resistant to ampicillin and cefotaxime. This study demonstrates the importance of characterizing the microbiome of sea lions, and the potential effect of pathogens with antimicrobial resistance on wildlife conservation and public health., (© Wildlife Disease Association 2022.)
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- 2022
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26. Potential benefits of structured lipids in bulk compound chocolate: Insights on bioavailability and effect on serum lipids.
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Ledesma R, Martínez-Pérez RB, Curiel DA, Fernández LM, Silva ML, Canales-Aguirre AA, Rodríguez JA, Mateos-Díaz JC, Lerma AMPY, and Madrigal M
- Subjects
- Animals, Biological Availability, Lipids, Mice, Mice, Inbred C57BL, Cacao, Chocolate
- Abstract
The bioavailability impact of serum lipids in compound chocolate products based on structured lipids was studied. Compound chocolate products containing fat with and without structured lipids were digested in vitro under simulated gastrointestinal lipolysis conditions and were studied in vivo in healthy C57BL/6J mice. The in vitro digestion results show that products containing structured lipids, milk compound chocolate filling and white compound coating, significantly reduced the release rate of Free Fatty Acids (FFA) and improved the caloric reduction between 12.49% and 13.71% compared to products without structured lipids, suggesting that FFA were not absorbed. Animal feeding studies revealed no adverse effects on the compound products intake; in fact, these products reduced total cholesterol, LDL-c, VLDL-c and triacylglycerols. The present work shows the relevance of developing functional compound chocolate as providing a potential healthy initiative through the biological effect of the bioactive ingredients incorporated., (Copyright © 2021 The Authors. Published by Elsevier Ltd.. All rights reserved.)
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- 2022
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27. Presenilin mutations and their impact on neuronal differentiation in Alzheimer's disease.
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Hernandez-Sapiens MA, Reza-Zaldívar EE, Márquez-Aguirre AL, Gómez-Pinedo U, Matias-Guiu J, Cevallos RR, Mateos-Díaz JC, Sánchez-González VJ, and Canales-Aguirre AA
- Abstract
The presenilin genes (PSEN1 and PSEN2) are mainly responsible for causing early-onset familial Alzheimer's disease, harboring ~300 causative mutations, and representing ~90% of all mutations associated with a very aggressive disease form. Presenilin 1 is the catalytic core of the γ-secretase complex that conducts the intramembranous proteolytic excision of multiple transmembrane proteins like the amyloid precursor protein, Notch-1, N- and E-cadherin, LRP, Syndecan, Delta, Jagged, CD44, ErbB4, and Nectin1a. Presenilin 1 plays an essential role in neural progenitor maintenance, neurogenesis, neurite outgrowth, synaptic function, neuronal function, myelination, and plasticity. Therefore, an imbalance caused by mutations in presenilin 1/γ-secretase might cause aberrant signaling, synaptic dysfunction, memory impairment, and increased Aβ
42 /Aβ40 ratio, contributing to neurodegeneration during the initial stages of Alzheimer's disease pathogenesis. This review focuses on the neuronal differentiation dysregulation mediated by PSEN1 mutations in Alzheimer's disease. Furthermore, we emphasize the importance of Alzheimer's disease-induced pluripotent stem cells models in analyzing PSEN1 mutations implication over the early stages of the Alzheimer's disease pathogenesis throughout neuronal differentiation impairment., Competing Interests: None- Published
- 2022
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28. Forecasting parasite sharing under climate change.
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Morales-Castilla I, Pappalardo P, Farrell MJ, Aguirre AA, Huang S, Gehman AM, Dallas T, Gravel D, and Davies TJ
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- Animals, Forecasting, North America, Artiodactyla parasitology, Climate Change, Host-Parasite Interactions, Models, Biological, Parasitology methods, Perissodactyla parasitology
- Abstract
Species are shifting their distributions in response to climate change. This geographic reshuffling may result in novel co-occurrences among species, which could lead to unseen biotic interactions, including the exchange of parasites between previously isolated hosts. Identifying potential new host-parasite interactions would improve forecasting of disease emergence and inform proactive disease surveillance. However, accurate predictions of future cross-species disease transmission have been hampered by the lack of a generalized approach and data availability. Here, we propose a framework to predict novel host-parasite interactions based on a combination of niche modelling of future host distributions and parasite sharing models. Using the North American ungulates as a proof of concept, we show this approach has high cross-validation accuracy in over 85% of modelled parasites and find that more than 34% of the host-parasite associations forecasted by our models have already been recorded in the literature. We discuss potential sources of uncertainty and bias that may affect our results and similar forecasting approaches, and propose pathways to generate increasingly accurate predictions. Our results indicate that forecasting parasite sharing in response to shifts in host geographic distributions allow for the identification of regions and taxa most susceptible to emergent pathogens under climate change. This article is part of the theme issue 'Infectious disease macroecology: parasite diversity and dynamics across the globe'.
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- 2021
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29. Land-use change and rodent-borne diseases: hazards on the shared socioeconomic pathways.
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García-Peña GE, Rubio AV, Mendoza H, Fernández M, Milholland MT, Aguirre AA, Suzán G, and Zambrana-Torrelio C
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- Animals, Host-Parasite Interactions, Humans, Rodent Diseases epidemiology, Climate Change, Conservation of Natural Resources, Ecosystem, Host-Pathogen Interactions, Socioeconomic Factors, Zoonoses epidemiology
- Abstract
Land-use change has a direct impact on species survival and reproduction, altering their spatio-temporal distributions. It acts as a selective force that favours the abundance and diversity of reservoir hosts and affects host-pathogen dynamics and prevalence. This has led to land-use change being a significant driver of infectious diseases emergence. Here, we predict the presence of rodent taxa and map the zoonotic hazard (potential sources of harm) from rodent-borne diseases in the short and long term (2025 and 2050). The study considers three different land-use scenarios based on the shared socioeconomic pathways narratives (SSPs): sustainable (SSP1-Representative Concentration Pathway (RCP) 2.6), fossil-fuelled development (SSP5-RCP 8.5) and deepening inequality (SSP4-RCP 6.0). We found that cropland expansion into forest and pasture may increase zoonotic hazards in areas with high rodent-species diversity. Nevertheless, a future sustainable scenario may not always reduce hazards. All scenarios presented high heterogeneity in zoonotic hazard, with high-income countries having the lowest hazard range. The SSPs narratives suggest that opening borders and reducing cropland expansion are critical to mitigate current and future zoonotic hazards globally, particularly in middle- and low-income economies. Our study advances previous efforts to anticipate the emergence of zoonotic diseases by integrating past, present and future information to guide surveillance and mitigation of zoonotic hazards at the regional and local scale. This article is part of the theme issue 'Infectious disease macroecology: parasite diversity and dynamics across the globe'.
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- 2021
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30. DNA barcode analysis of the endangered green turtle ( Chelonia mydas ) in Mexico 1 .
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Camacho-Sánchez FY, Aguirre AA, Narváez-Zapata JA, Zavala-Norzagaray AA, Ley-Quiñónez CP, Acosta-Sánchez HH, Rodriguez-González H, Delgado-Trejo C, and Reyes-López MA
- Subjects
- Animals, Endangered Species, Haplotypes, Mexico, DNA Barcoding, Taxonomic, Turtles genetics
- Abstract
Technological and analytical advances to study evolutionary biology, ecology, and conservation of green turtles ( Chelonia mydas ) are realized through molecular approaches including DNA barcoding. We characterized the usefulness of COI DNA barcodes in green turtles in Mexico to better understand genetic divergence and other genetic parameters of this species. We analyzed 63 sequences, including 25 from green turtle field specimens collected from the Gulf of Mexico and from the Mexican Pacific and 38 already present in the Barcode of Life Data Systems (BOLD). A total of 13 haplotypes were identified with four novel haplotypes from the Pacific Ocean and three novel haplotypes from the Atlantic Ocean. Intraspecific distance values among COI gene sequences by two different models were 0.01, demonstrating that there is not a subdivision for green turtle species. Otherwise, the interspecific distance interval ranged from 0.07 to 0.13, supporting a clear subdivision among all sea turtle species. Haplotype and total nucleotide diversity values of the COI gene reflect a medium genetic diversity average. Green turtles of the Mexican Pacific showed common haplotypes to some Australian and Chinese turtles, but different from the haplotypes of the Mexican Atlantic. COI analysis revealed new haplotypes and confirmed that DNA barcodes were useful for evaluation of the population diversity of green turtles in Mexico.
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- 2021
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31. Illegal Wildlife Trade and Emerging Infectious Diseases: Pervasive Impacts to Species, Ecosystems and Human Health.
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Rush ER, Dale E, and Aguirre AA
- Abstract
Emerging infectious disease (EID) events can be traced to anthropogenic factors, including the movement of wildlife through legal and illegal trade. This paper focuses on the link between illegal wildlife trade (IWT) and infectious disease pathogens. A literature review through Web of Science and relevant conference proceedings from 1990 to 2020 resulted in documenting 82 papers and 240 identified pathogen cases. Over 60% of the findings referred to pathogens with known zoonotic potential and five cases directly referenced zoonotic spillover events. The diversity of pathogens by taxa included 44 different pathogens in birds, 47 in mammals, 16 in reptiles, two in amphibians, two in fish, and one in invertebrates. This is the highest diversity of pathogen types in reported literature related to IWT. However, it is likely not a fully representative sample due to needed augmentation of surveillance and monitoring of IWT and more frequent pathogen testing on recovered shipments. The emergence of infectious disease through human globalization has resulted in several pandemics in the last decade including SARS, MERS, avian influenza H1N1,and Ebola. We detailed the growing body of literature on this topic since 2008 and highlight the need to detect, document, and prevent spillovers from high-risk human activities, such as IWT.
- Published
- 2021
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32. Essential and trace metals in a post-nesting olive ridley turtles (Lepidochelys olivacea) in Ceuta beach, Sinaloa, Mexico.
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Olimón-Andalón V, Valdés-Flores J, Ley-Quiñonez CP, Zavala-Norzagaray AA, Aguirre AA, León-Sicairos N, Velázquez-Román J, Flores-Villaseñor H, Acosta-Smith E, Sosa-Cornejo I, Valdez-Flores M, Hart CE, and Canizalez-Román A
- Subjects
- Animals, Environmental Monitoring, Female, Mexico, Mercury, Trace Elements, Turtles
- Abstract
Trace metals have been found in sea turtle blood and tissues and may represent a threat to these endangered species. Essential trace metal (Cu, Zn Cd, Pb, As, and Hg) concentrations were determined in blood of adult female, post-nesting olive ridley turtles Lepidochelys olivacea (n = 35) on Ceuta beach, Sinaloa, Mexico. Essential metals (Zn and Cu) analyzed were found in higher concentrations than toxic metals (Cd and Pb), while As and Hg concentrations were below the limits of detection (0.01 μg g
-1 ). Low Pb concentrations (0.09 μg g-1 ) were previously observed in sea turtles in the Gulf of California. There were no significant correlations found between curved carapace length (61.00-71.00 ± 2.29) vs metal concentrations (p > 0.05). Cd levels were relatively high when compared to other species and populations of sea turtles worldwide and Cd may represent the greatest risk for sea turtles in the Mexican Pacific. Such concentrations of Cd may pose a further risk to sea turtles through bioaccumulation from the nesting female to offspring which may affect embryo development.- Published
- 2021
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33. A framework to guide planetary health education.
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Guzmán CAF, Aguirre AA, Astle B, Barros E, Bayles B, Chimbari M, El-Abbadi N, Evert J, Hackett F, Howard C, Jennings J, Krzyzek A, LeClair J, Maric F, Martin O, Osano O, Patz J, Potter T, Redvers N, Trienekens N, Walpole S, Wilson L, Xu C, and Zylstra M
- Subjects
- Climate Change, Health Education
- Abstract
Competing Interests: CAFG declares consulting fees from the Planetary Health Alliance. CH declares consulting fees from the Lancet Countdown on Health and Climate Change and from CODA Change and board positions or steering committee for Global Climate and Health Alliance, the WHO-Civil Society Working Group on Climate Change and Health, the Planetary Health Alliance, the Canadian Association of Physicians for the Environment, and the Canadian Medical Association. EB declares being the chair of the WONCA Working Party on the Environment and was a grant recipient from WONCA Air Health Train-the-Trainer. JP declares being recipient of the Chanchlani Award for Global Health Research. MZ declares consulting work with the Organization for Noetic Ecology NPO and Wildlands Studies; and pro-bono advisor or associate to Sea Change Trust (South Africa), Masiyembo Association (South Africa), The Connective (Australia), and Earthfire Institute (USA). NE declares a previous role as a data analysis consultant at HowGood starting March 17, 2021. Brunel University London has supported provision on OM's time in-kind for this project and preparation of this manuscript. TP declares budget for travel to Planetary Health events, but funds were not used during the writing of this paper. All other authors declare no competing interests.
- Published
- 2021
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34. Lunar Cycle Influences Reproductive Performance of Crossbred Brahman Cows Under Tropical Conditions.
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Aguirre AA, Palomares RA, De Ondiz AD, Soto ER, Perea MS, Hernández-Fonseca HJ, and Perea FP
- Subjects
- Animals, Estrus, Female, Male, Pregnancy, Retrospective Studies, Breeding, Cattle physiology, Infradian Rhythm, Moon, Reproduction physiology, Tropical Climate
- Abstract
Evidence has accumulated over the years indicating that the moon influences some aspects of the reproductive activity in animals and humans. However, little is known about the influence of the lunar cycle on the reproductive performance of cows under tropical conditions, where the environment strongly affects reproduction. This retrospective study was conducted with the aim of assessing the influence of the lunar cycle on some reproductive traits of tropical crossbred cows managed in a pasture-based system. Data from 5869 reproductive records from two commercial farms localized in the Maracaibo Lake Basin of Zulia State, Venezuela, were analyzed. Variables studied were first service conception rate, calving frequency, first postpartum estrous frequency, and pregnancy frequency. In addition to the lunar cycle, the effects of farm, season, and predominant breed were also considered. Data were analyzed using logistic regression and general linear model from SAS. First service conception was affected by lunar phases and predominant breed, but not by farm or season. For frequencies of calving, first postpartum estrus, and pregnancy, there was no main effect of farm, season, and predominant breed, whereas the effect of lunar phases was highly significant. First service conception was significantly greater in waning than in crescent phase of the lunar cycle. Frequencies of calving, first estrus, and pregnancy were highly correlated and showed greater figures around full moon and new moon. In conclusion, lunar cycle influenced first service conception, attaining greater values in the waning phase of the moon cycle. Frequencies of calving, first postpartum estrus, and pregnancy in crossbred cows showed a clear bimodal rhythm, whose greatest values coincided with new moon and full moon.
- Published
- 2021
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35. Biocompatibility of ferulic/succinic acid-grafted chitosan hydrogels for implantation after brain injury: A preliminary study.
- Author
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Ojeda-Hernández DD, Gomez-Pinedo U, Hernández-Sapiéns MA, Canales-Aguirre AA, Espinosa-Andrews H, Matias-Guiu J, González-García Y, and Mateos-Díaz JC
- Subjects
- Animals, Biocompatible Materials pharmacology, Hydrogels, Rats, Rats, Wistar, Succinic Acid, Brain Injuries drug therapy, Chitosan
- Abstract
Nowadays it is known that neural cells are capable of regenerating after brain injury, but their success highly depends on the local environment, including the presence of a biological structure to support cell proliferation and restore the lost tissue. Different chitosan-based biomaterials have been employed in response to this necessity. We hypothesized that hydrogels made of antioxidant compounds functionalizing chitosan could provide a suitable environment to home new cells and offer a way to achieve brain repair. In this work, the implantation of functionalized chitosan biomaterials in a brain injury animal model was evaluated. The injury consisted of mechanical damage applied to the cerebral cortex of Wistar rats followed by the implantation of four different chitosan-based biomaterials. After 15 and 30 days, animals underwent magnetic resonance imaging, then they were sacrificed, and the brain tissue was analyzed by immunohistochemistry. The proliferation of microglia and astrocytes increased at the lesion zone, showing differences between the evaluated biomaterials. Also, cell nuclei were seen inside the biomaterials, indicating cell migration and biodegradation. Chitosan-based hydrogels are able to fill in the tissue cavity and bare cells for the endogenous restoration process. The addition of ferulic and succinic acid to the chitosan structure increases this capacity and decreases the inflammatory reaction to the implant., (Copyright © 2020 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.)
- Published
- 2021
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36. Infection Mechanism of SARS-COV-2 and Its Implication on the Nervous System.
- Author
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Reza-Zaldívar EE, Hernández-Sapiéns MA, Minjarez B, Gómez-Pinedo U, Márquez-Aguirre AL, Mateos-Díaz JC, Matias-Guiu J, and Canales-Aguirre AA
- Subjects
- Animals, Humans, COVID-19 virology, Nervous System virology, SARS-CoV-2 pathogenicity
- Abstract
In late December 2019, multiple atypical pneumonia cases resulted in severe acute respiratory syndrome caused by a pathogen identified as a novel coronavirus SARS-CoV-2. The most common coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) symptoms are pneumonia, fever, dry cough, and fatigue. However, some neurological complications following SARS-CoV-2 infection include confusion, cerebrovascular diseases, ataxia, hypogeusia, hyposmia, neuralgia, and seizures. Indeed, a growing literature demonstrates that neurotropism is a common feature of coronaviruses; therefore, the infection mechanisms already described in other coronaviruses may also be applicable for SARS-CoV-2. Understanding the underlying pathogenetic mechanisms in the nervous system infection and the neurological involvement is essential to assess possible long-term neurological alteration of COVID-19. Here, we provide an overview of associated literature regarding possible routes of COVID-19 neuroinvasion, such as the trans-synapse-connected route in the olfactory pathway and peripheral nerve terminals and its neurological implications in the central nervous system., Competing Interests: The authors declare that the research was conducted in the absence of any commercial or financial relationships that could be construed as a potential conflict of interest., (Copyright © 2021 Reza-Zaldívar, Hernández-Sapiéns, Minjarez, Gómez-Pinedo, Márquez-Aguirre, Mateos-Díaz, Matias-Guiu and Canales-Aguirre.)
- Published
- 2021
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37. Molecular Characterization of Chelonid Alphaherpesvirus 5 in a Black Turtle ( Chelonia mydas ) Fibropapilloma from Baja California Sur, Mexico.
- Author
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Reséndiz E, Fernández-Sanz H, Domínguez-Contreras JF, Ramos-Díaz AH, Mancini A, Zavala-Norzagaray AA, and Aguirre AA
- Abstract
During routine monitoring in Ojo de Liebre Lagoon, Mexico, a juvenile black turtle ( Chelonia mydas ) was captured, physically examined, measured, weighed, sampled, and tagged. The turtle showed no clinical signs suggestive of disease. Eleven months later, this turtle was recaptured in the same area, during which one lesion suggestive of fibropapilloma on the neck was identified and sampled for histopathology and molecular analysis. Histopathology revealed hyperkeratosis, epidermal hyperplasia, acanthosis, papillary differentiation and ballooning degeneration of epidermal cells, increased fibroblasts in the dermis, and angiogenesis, among other things. Hematological values were similar to those reported for clinically healthy black turtles and did not show notable changes between the first capture and the recapture; likewise, clinicopathological evaluation did not show structural or functional damage in the turtle's systems. The chelonid alphaherpesvirus 5 (ChHV5) UL30 gene was amplified and sequenced for phylogeny; Bayesian reconstruction showed a high alignment with the genus Scutavirus of the Eastern Pacific group. This is one of the first reports of ChHV5 in a cutaneous fibropapilloma of a black turtle in the Baja California peninsula.
- Published
- 2021
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38. Sex-dependent mechanisms involved in renal tolerance to ischemia-reperfusion: Role of inflammation and histone H3 citrullination.
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Melo Z, Gutierrez-Mercado YK, Garcia-Martínez D, Portilla-de-Buen E, Canales-Aguirre AA, Gonzalez-Gonzalez R, Franco-Acevedo A, Palomino J, and Echavarria R
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- Animals, Citrullination, Disease Resistance, Extracellular Traps metabolism, Female, Humans, Kidney pathology, Male, Ovariectomy, Rats, Wistar, Reperfusion Injury epidemiology, Sex Characteristics, Sex Factors, Gonadal Steroid Hormones metabolism, Histones metabolism, Inflammation immunology, Kidney metabolism, Kidney Transplantation, Reperfusion Injury immunology
- Abstract
Ischemia-reperfusion (I/R) injury, an inevitable result of kidney transplantation, triggers early inflammatory events that affect graft viability. Evidence from human transplantation and preclinical models of I/R suggests that a female hormonal environment positively influences the ability to recover from ischemic injury. However, the mechanisms behind these effects remain mostly unexplored. Here, we studied the influence of sex on pro-inflammatory mediators involved in the pathophysiology of acute I/R injury in male, female, and female ovariectomized (OVX) Wistar rats that underwent unilateral renal ischemia for 45 min, followed by 24 h of reperfusion. We found improved renal function, reduced cytokine expression, and decreased infiltration of myeloperoxidase-positive cells in females after I/R, when compared to their male and female OVX counterparts. Remarkably, citrullination of histone H3 was exacerbated in serum and renal tubules of females after I/R. In contrast, we observed lower levels of citrullinated histone H3 in male and female OVX rats in response to I/R, mostly in neutrophil extracellular traps. Our results demonstrate that female sex promotes renal I/R tolerance by attenuating pro-inflammatory mediators involved in I/R-induced damage., (Copyright © 2020 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.)
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- 2020
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39. Illicit Wildlife Trade, Wet Markets, and COVID-19: Preventing Future Pandemics.
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Aguirre AA, Catherina R, Frye H, and Shelley L
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Although the exact origin of SARS-CoV-2, the etiologic agent of COVID-19, is currently unknown, there is substantial evidence to suggest the source of transmission of the virus occurred within the Wuhan wet market. In these markets, bats and wild animals are frequently sold and stored in close contact. During several of the world's past pandemics, bats were essential to the spread of zoonotic diseases from bat to another animal or to humans directly. Live animal markets create the perfect conditions for novel viruses such as COVID-19 to emerge. This paper suggests that to prevent future pandemics, the sale of exotic animals be banned at wet markets. It also advocates for the integration of the analysis of illicit trade with the study of zoonotic disease transmission and pandemics., (© 2020 Policy Studies Organization.)
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- 2020
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40. Particles Containing Cells as a Strategy to Promote Remyelination in Patients With Multiple Sclerosis.
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Matías-Guiu J, Matías-Guiu JA, Montero-Escribano P, Barcia JA, Canales-Aguirre AA, Mateos-Diaz JC, and Gómez-Pinedo U
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The repair of demyelinated lesions is a key objective in multiple sclerosis research. Remyelination fundamentally depends on oligodendrocyte progenitor cells (OPC) reaching the lesion; this is influenced by numerous factors including age, disease progression time, inflammatory activity, and the pool of OPCs available, whether they be NG2 cells or cells derived from neural stem cells. Administering OPCs has been proposed as a potential cell therapy; however, these cells can only be administered directly. This article discusses the potential administration of OPCs encapsulated within hydrogel particles composed of biocompatible biomaterials, via the nose-to-brain pathway. We also discuss conditions for the indication of this therapy, and such related issues as the influence on endogenous remyelination, migration of OPCs to demyelinated areas, and the immune response, given the autoimmune nature of multiple sclerosis. Chitosan and derivatives constitute the most promising biomaterial for this purpose, although these issues must be addressed. In conclusion, this line of research may yield an alternative to the remyelinating drugs currently being studied., (Copyright © 2020 Matías-Guiu, Matías-Guiu, Montero-Escribano, Barcia, Canales-Aguirre, Mateos-Diaz and Gómez-Pinedo.)
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- 2020
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41. A Three-Dimensional Alzheimer's Disease Cell Culture Model Using iPSC-Derived Neurons Carrying A246E Mutation in PSEN1.
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Hernández-Sapiéns MA, Reza-Zaldívar EE, Cevallos RR, Márquez-Aguirre AL, Gazarian K, and Canales-Aguirre AA
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Alzheimer's disease (AD) is a chronic brain disorder characterized by progressive intellectual decline and memory and neuronal loss, caused mainly by extracellular deposition of amyloid-β (Aβ) and intracellular accumulation of hyperphosphorylated tau protein, primarily in areas implicated in memory and learning as prefrontal cortex and hippocampus. There are two forms of AD, a late-onset form that affects people over 65 years old, and the early-onset form, which is hereditable and affect people at early ages ~45 years. To date, there is no cure for the disease; consequently, it is essential to develop new tools for the study of processes implicated in the disease. Currently, in vitro AD three-dimensional (3D) models using induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSC)-derived neurons have broadened the horizon for in vitro disease modeling and gained interest for mechanistic studies and preclinical drug discovery due to their potential advantages in providing a better physiologically relevant information and more predictive data for in vivo tests. Therefore, this study aimed to establish a 3D cell culture model of AD in vitro using iPSCs carrying the A246E mutation. We generated human iPSCs from fibroblasts from a patient with AD harboring the A246E mutation in the PSEN1 gene. Cell reprogramming was performed using lentiviral vectors with Yamanaka's factors (OSKM: Oct4, Sox2, Klf4, and c-Myc). The resulting iPSCs expressed pluripotency genes (such as Nanog and Oct4 ), alkaline phosphatase activity, and pluripotency stem cell marker expression, such as OCT4, SOX2, TRA-1-60, and SSEA4. iPSCs exhibited the ability to differentiate into neuronal lineage in a 3D environment through dual SMAD inhibition as confirmed by Nestin, MAP2, and Tuj1 neural marker expression. These iPSC-derived neurons harbored Aβ oligomers confirmed by Western Blot (WB) and immunostaining. With human iPSC-derived neurons able to produce Aβ oligomers, we established a novel human hydrogel-based 3D cell culture model that recapitulates Aβ aggregation without the need for mutation induction or synthetic Aβ exposure. This model will allow the study of processes implicated in disease spread throughout the brain, the screening of molecules or compounds with therapeutic potential, and the development of personalized therapeutic strategies., (Copyright © 2020 Hernández-Sapiéns, Reza-Zaldívar, Cevallos, Márquez-Aguirre, Gazarian and Canales-Aguirre.)
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- 2020
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42. Dendritic Spine and Synaptic Plasticity in Alzheimer's Disease: A Focus on MicroRNA.
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Reza-Zaldivar EE, Hernández-Sápiens MA, Minjarez B, Gómez-Pinedo U, Sánchez-González VJ, Márquez-Aguirre AL, and Canales-Aguirre AA
- Abstract
Dendrites and dendritic spines are dynamic structures with pivotal roles in brain connectivity and have been recognized as the locus of long-term synaptic plasticity related to cognitive processes such as learning and memory. In neurodegenerative diseases, the spine dynamic morphology alteration, such as shape and spine density, affects functional characteristics leading to synaptic dysfunction and cognitive impairment. Recent evidence implicates dendritic spine dysfunction as a critical feature in the pathogenesis of dementia, particularly Alzheimer's disease. The alteration of spine morphology and their loss is correlated with the cognitive decline in Alzheimer's disease patients even in the absence of neuronal loss, however, the underlying mechanisms are poorly understood. Currently, the microRNAs have emerged as essential regulators of synaptic plasticity. The changes in neuronal microRNA expression that contribute to the modification of synaptic function through the modulation of dendritic spine morphology or by regulating the local protein translation to synaptic transmission are determinant for synapse formation and synaptic plasticity. Focusing on microRNA and its targets may provide insight into new therapeutic opportunities. In this review we summarize the experimental evidence of the role that the microRNA plays in dendritic spine remodeling and synaptic plasticity and its potential therapeutic approach in Alzheimer's disease. Targeting synaptic deficits through the structural alteration of dendritic spines could form part of therapeutic strategies to improve synaptic plasticity and to ameliorate cognitive impairments in Alzheimer's disease and other neurological diseases., (Copyright © 2020 Reza-Zaldivar, Hernández-Sápiens, Minjarez, Gómez-Pinedo, Sánchez-González, Márquez-Aguirre and Canales-Aguirre.)
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- 2020
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43. Potential of Chitosan and Its Derivatives for Biomedical Applications in the Central Nervous System.
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Ojeda-Hernández DD, Canales-Aguirre AA, Matias-Guiu J, Gomez-Pinedo U, and Mateos-Díaz JC
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It is well known that the central nervous system (CNS) has a limited regenerative capacity and that many therapeutic molecules cannot cross the blood brain barrier (BBB). The use of biomaterials has emerged as an alternative to overcome these limitations. For many years, biomedical applications of chitosan have been studied due to its remarkable biological properties, biocompatibility, and high versatility. Moreover, the interest in this biomaterial for CNS biomedical implementation has increased because of its ability to cross the BBB, mucoadhesiveness, and hydrogel formation capacity. Several chitosan-based biomaterials have been applied with promising results as drug, cell and gene delivery vehicles. Moreover, their capacity to form porous scaffolds and to bear cells and biomolecules has offered a way to achieve neural regeneration. Therefore, this review aims to bring together recent works that highlight the potential of chitosan and its derivatives as adequate biomaterials for applications directed toward the CNS. First, an overview of chitosan and its derivatives is provided with an emphasis on the properties that favor different applications. Second, a compilation of works that employ chitosan-based biomaterials for drug delivery, gene therapy, tissue engineering, and regenerative medicine in the CNS is presented. Finally, the most interesting trends and future perspectives of chitosan and its derivatives applications in the CNS are shown., (Copyright © 2020 Ojeda-Hernández, Canales-Aguirre, Matias-Guiu, Gomez-Pinedo and Mateos-Díaz.)
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- 2020
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44. Human recombinant erythropoietin reduces sensorimotor dysfunction and cognitive impairment in rat models of chronic kidney disease.
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Reza-Zaldívar EE, Sandoval-Avila S, Gutiérrez-Mercado YK, Vázquez-Méndez E, Canales-Aguirre AA, Esquivel-Solís H, Gómez-Pinedo U, and Márquez-Aguirre AL
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- Anemia etiology, Animals, Cognitive Dysfunction complications, Humans, Iron metabolism, Male, Rats, Rats, Wistar, Renal Insufficiency, Chronic blood, Anemia drug therapy, Erythropoietin therapeutic use, Recombinant Proteins therapeutic use, Renal Insufficiency, Chronic complications
- Abstract
Introduction: Chronic kidney disease (CKD) can cause anaemia and neurological disorders. Recombinant human erythropoietin (rHuEPO) is used to manage anaemia in CKD. However, there is little evidence on the effects of rHuEPO on behaviour and cognitive function in CKD. This study aimed to evaluate the impact of rHuEPO in sensorimotor and cognitive functions in a CKD model., Methods: Male Wistar rats were randomly assigned to 4 groups: control and CKD, with and without rHuEPO treatment (1050 IU per kg body weight, once weekly for 4 weeks). The Morris water maze, open field, and adhesive removal tests were performed simultaneously to kidney damage induction and treatment. Markers of anaemia and renal function were measured at the end of the study., Results: Treatment with rHuEPO reduced kidney damage and corrected anaemia in rats with CKD. We observed reduced sensorimotor dysfunction in animals with CKD and treated with rHuEPO. These rats also completed the water maze test in a shorter time than the control groups., Conclusions: rHuEPO reduces kidney damage, corrects anemia, and reduces sensorimotor and cognitive dysfunction in animals with CKD., (Copyright © 2017 Sociedad Española de Neurología. Publicado por Elsevier España, S.L.U. All rights reserved.)
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- 2020
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45. Recombinant Erythropoietin Provides Protection against Renal Fibrosis in Adenine-Induced Chronic Kidney Disease.
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Vázquez-Méndez E, Gutiérrez-Mercado Y, Mendieta-Condado E, Gálvez-Gastélum FJ, Esquivel-Solís H, Sánchez-Toscano Y, Morales-Martínez C, Canales-Aguirre AA, and Márquez-Aguirre AL
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- Animals, Blotting, Western, Erythropoietin therapeutic use, Fluorescent Antibody Technique, Humans, Immunoprecipitation, Male, Rats, Rats, Wistar, Real-Time Polymerase Chain Reaction, Receptors, Erythropoietin metabolism, Recombinant Proteins therapeutic use, Fibrosis metabolism, Fibrosis prevention & control, Renal Insufficiency, Chronic chemically induced, Renal Insufficiency, Chronic drug therapy
- Abstract
Chronic kidney disease (CKD) causes anemia by renal damage. In CKD, the kidney is submitted to hypoxia, persistent inflammation, leading to fibrosis and permanent loss of renal function. Human recombinant erythropoietin (rEPO) has been widely used to treat CKD-associated anemia and is known to possess organ-protective properties that are independent from its well-established hematopoietic effects. Nonhematopoietic effects of EPO are mediated by an alternative receptor that is proposed to consist of a heterocomplex between the erythropoietin receptor (EPOR) and the beta common receptor ( β cR). The present study explored the effects of rEPO to prevent renal fibrosis in adenine-induced chronic kidney disease (Ad-CKD) and their association with the expression of the heterodimer EPOR/ β cR. Male Wistar rats were randomized to control group (CTL), adenine-fed rats (Ad-CKD), and Ad-CKD with treatment of rEPO (1050 IU/kg, once weekly for 4 weeks). Ad-CKD rats exhibited anemia, uremia, decreased renal function, increased infiltration of inflammatory cells, tubular atrophy, and fibrosis. rEPO treatment not only corrected anemia but reduced uremia and partially improved renal function as well. In addition, we observed that rEPO diminishes tubular injury, prevents fibrosis deposition, and induces the EPOR/ β cR heteroreceptor. The findings may explain the extrahematopoietic effects of rEPO in CKD and provide new strategies for the treatment of renal fibrosis in CKD., Competing Interests: The authors declare that there is no conflict of interest., (Copyright © 2020 Estefanía Vázquez-Méndez et al.)
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- 2020
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46. The effects of altered neurogenic microRNA levels and their involvement in the aggressiveness of periventricular glioblastoma.
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Reséndiz-Castillo LJ, Minjarez-Vega B, Reza-Zaldívar EE, Hernández-Sapiéns MA, Gutiérrez-Mercado YK, and Canales-Aguirre AA
- Abstract
Introduction: Glioblastoma multiforme is the most common primary brain tumour, with the least favourable prognosis. Despite numerous studies and medical advances, it continues to be lethal, with an average life expectancy of 15 months after chemo-radiotherapy., Development: Recent research has addressed several factors associated with the diagnosis and prognosis of glioblastoma; one significant factor is tumour localisation, particularly the subventricular zone, which represents one of the most active neurogenic niches of the adult human brain. Glioblastomas in this area are generally more aggressive, resulting in unfavourable prognosis and a shorter life expectancy. Currently, the research into microRNAs (miRNA) has intensified, revealing different expression patterns under physiological and pathophysiological conditions. It has been reported that the expression levels of certain miRNAs, mainly those related to neurogenic processes, are dysregulated in oncogenic events, thus favouring gliomagenesis and greater tumour aggressiveness. This review discusses some of the most important miRNAs involved in subventricular neurogenic processes and their association with glioblastoma aggressiveness., Conclusions: MiRNA regulation and function play an important role in the development and progression of glioblastoma; understanding the alterations of certain miRNAs involved in both differentiation and neural and glial maturation could help us to better understand the malignant characteristics of glioblastoma., (Copyright © 2019 Sociedad Española de Neurología. Publicado por Elsevier España, S.L.U. All rights reserved.)
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- 2020
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47. Mesenchymal stem cell-derived exosomes promote neurogenesis and cognitive function recovery in a mouse model of Alzheimer's disease.
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Reza-Zaldivar EE, Hernández-Sapiéns MA, Gutiérrez-Mercado YK, Sandoval-Ávila S, Gomez-Pinedo U, Márquez-Aguirre AL, Vázquez-Méndez E, Padilla-Camberos E, and Canales-Aguirre AA
- Abstract
Studies have shown that mesenchymal stem cell-derived exosomes can enhance neural plasticity and improve cognitive impairment. The purpose of this study was to investigate the effects of mesenchymal stem cell-derived exosomes on neurogenesis and cognitive capacity in a mouse model of Alzheimer's disease. Alzheimer's disease mouse models were established by injection of beta amyloid 1-42 aggregates into dentate gyrus bilaterally. Morris water maze and novel object recognition tests were performed to evaluate mouse cognitive deficits at 14 and 28 days after administration. Afterwards, neurogenesis in the subventricular zone was determined by immunofluorescence using doublecortin and PSA-NCAM antibodies. Results showed that mesenchymal stem cells-derived exosomes stimulated neurogenesis in the subventricular zone and alleviated beta amyloid 1-42-induced cognitive impairment, and these effects are similar to those shown in the mesenchymal stem cells. These findings provide evidence to validate the possibility of developing cell-free therapeutic strategies for Alzheimer's disease. All procedures and experiments were approved by Institutional Animal Care and Use Committee (CICUAL) (approval No. CICUAL 2016-011) on April 25, 2016., Competing Interests: None
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- 2019
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48. Correction to: The One Health Approach to Toxoplasmosis: Epidemiology, Control, and Prevention Strategies.
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Aguirre AA, Longcore T, Barbieri M, Dabritz H, Hill D, Klein PN, Lepczyk C, Lilly EL, McLeod R, Milcarsky J, Murphy CE, Su C, VanWormer E, Yolken R, and Sizemore GC
- Abstract
This article was originally published electronically on the publisher's internet portal (currently SpringerLink) on April 3, 2019 without open access.
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- 2019
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49. The One Health Approach to Toxoplasmosis: Epidemiology, Control, and Prevention Strategies.
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Aguirre AA, Longcore T, Barbieri M, Dabritz H, Hill D, Klein PN, Lepczyk C, Lilly EL, McLeod R, Milcarsky J, Murphy CE, Su C, VanWormer E, Yolken R, and Sizemore GC
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- Animals, Animals, Wild parasitology, Ecosystem, Humans, Toxoplasma, Toxoplasmosis prevention & control, Toxoplasmosis, Animal prevention & control, One Health, Toxoplasmosis epidemiology, Toxoplasmosis, Animal epidemiology
- Abstract
One Health is a collaborative, interdisciplinary effort that seeks optimal health for people, animals, plants, and the environment. Toxoplasmosis, caused by Toxoplasma gondii, is an intracellular protozoan infection distributed worldwide, with a heteroxenous life cycle that practically affects all homeotherms and in which felines act as definitive reservoirs. Herein, we review the natural history of T. gondii, its transmission and impacts in humans, domestic animals, wildlife both terrestrial and aquatic, and ecosystems. The epidemiology, prevention, and control strategies are reviewed, with the objective of facilitating awareness of this disease and promoting transdisciplinary collaborations, integrative research, and capacity building among universities, government agencies, NGOs, policy makers, practicing physicians, veterinarians, and the general public.
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- 2019
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50. Operationalizing One Health Employing Social-Ecological Systems Theory: Lessons From the Greater Mekong Sub-region.
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Wilcox BA, Aguirre AA, De Paula N, Siriaroonrat B, and Echaubard P
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The idea of the interdependency of the health of humans, animals, and ecosystems emerged from the interplay of theory and concepts from medicine, public health and ecology among leading thinkers in these fields during the last century. The rationale for One Health and its focus on the "human, animal, and environmental interface" stems from this legacy and points to transdisciplinary, ecological and complex systems approaches as central to One Health practice. Demonstration of One Health's efficacy, its wider adoption and continual improvement require explicit operational criteria and evaluation metrics on this basis. Social-Ecological Systems Theory with its unique conception of resilience (SESR) currently offers the most well-developed framework for understanding these approaches and development of performance standards. This paper describes operational criteria for One Health developed accordingly, including a protocol currently being tested for vector borne disease interventions. Wider adoption of One Health is most likely to occur as One Health practitioners gain an increasing familiarity with ecological and complex systems concepts in practice employing a transdisciplinary process. Two areas in which this inevitably will be required for significant further progress, and where the beginnings of a foundation for building upon exist, include: (1) Emerging and re-emerging zoonotic diseases, and (2) successful implementation of the United Nations (UN) Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs). The former includes the challenge of stemming the threat of new microbial pathogens, anti-microbial resistant variants of existing pathogens, as well as resurgence of malaria and other recalcitrant diseases. The applicability of SESR in this regard is illustrated with two case examples from the Greater Mekong Subregion, Avian Influenza (H5N1) and Liver Fluke ( Opisthorchis viverrini) . Each is shown to represent a science and policy challenge suggestive of an avoidable social-ecological system pathology that similarly has challenged sustainable development. Thus, SESR framing arguably is highly applicable to the SDGs, which, to a large extent, require consideration of human-animal-environmental health linkages. Further elaboration of these One Health operational criteria and metrics could contribute to the achievement of many of the SDGs.
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- 2019
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