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BackgroundAcute coronary syndrome (ACS) remains a risk factor for heart failure (HF). Therefore, we aimed to assess the cardioprotective role of sodium–glucose cotransporter-2 (SGLT2) inhibitors post-ACS in patients with acute HF (AHF) and diabetes.MethodsWe conducted a retrospective observational cohort study employing propensity score matching. This study involved patients with diabetes admitted with ACS complicated by AHF, defined as either new clinical HF requiring diuretics during the index admission or having an ejection fraction (EF) of

INTRODUCTION: Brain damage in the early-period after subarachnoid hemorrhage (SAH) is a significant cause of mortality; however, cell proliferation, apoptosis, and inflammatory cascades play roles in preventing. This study aimed to determine the effect of progesterone on miR-30a and miR-143 expressions after SAH. METHODS: The research was conducted on 40 Sprague-Dawley rats. They were assigned to four groups: Group 1 with SAH (n=10); Group 2, SAH+8mg progesterone (n=10); Group 3, SAH+10mg progesterone (n=10); and Group 4, the controls (n=10). Experimental SAH was created by cisternal injection model. RNAs were isolated from brain tissues and miRNA expression levels were determined by Quantitative Real-Time PCR. RESULTS: There was a 176-fold and 126-fold decrease in miR-30a and miR-143 expressions of male rats with SAH (p

The goal of this study is to assess HFNC oxygenation and compare the efficacy of high-flow nasal cannula (HFNC) to noninvasive ventilation (NIV) on oxygenation in patients with acute hypoxemic respiratory failure. The patients were randomly grouped into two groups, 20 in each group. Group 1: treated by high-flow nasal cannula (HFNC) and group 2: treated by non-invasive ventilation. There was a statistically significant difference regarding PaO2/FiO2 at baseline and at the end (P-value < 0.001) in both groups indicating improvement of oxygenation in both groups. There was a statistically significant difference between the two groups regarding the PaO2 and PaO2/FiO2 ratio (P-value < 0.05) at the end of the trial however the degree of oxygenation improvement was significantly higher with NIV group. The conclusion of our study: the use of high flow nasal cannula is effective in improving oxygenation but NIV was superior to HFNC.

Abstract Background Spondylodiscitis is infections of the intervertebral disc and adjacent vertebral body with insidious onset. These infections are primarily haematogenous in origin. Early spinal infections after posterior spinal instrumentation usually occur within 3 months after surgery, whereas late infections may occur up to 8 years after surgery but are rare with an incidence of 1.9%. Case presentation We describe the case of a 66-year-old woman who complained of febrile back pain and developed late-onset spondylodiscitis 9 years after pedicle screw fixation, which is the longest-onset case. She was treated with surgical instrument removal and thorough debridement of the infected tissue with long-term antimicrobial treatment, with excellent results. Conclusions If there is radiculopathy and fever associated with spinal surgery in the history, it should be remembered that evaluation of lumbar spine MRI and acute phase reactions is crucial, and spondylodiscitis should also be considered in the preliminary diagnosis even after 9 years.

Abstract Background Glioblastomas are the most common and highly malignant primary brain tumors in adults with a median survival of 15 months even with appropriate treatment. Extracranial metastases are extremely rare due to the poor prognosis not allowing sufficient time to spread. We report an extremely rare case of extracranial metastasis of supra-tentorial glioblastoma involving the skin, subcutaneous and muscular layers, periauricular region and parotid gland, and review the literature. A total of 13 glioblastoma parotid gland metastases cases have been hitherto described. Main body of the abstract A 42-year-old man underwent surgery for right temporal glioblastoma and received 60 Gy/30 fractions radiotherapy together with temozolomide at 75 mg/m2. Seven months later, the tumor relapsed and the patient underwent a second surgery while chemotherapy continued. Fifteen months later, he complained of swelling in the right neck region. Fine needle aspiration and tru-cut biopsy revealed a high-grade malignant tumor infiltration within the parotid gland. Despite salvage chemotherapy and adjuvant radiotherapy, in his follow-up after 6 months neck swelling increased. The patient declined any treatment modality and continues his life 39 months after the primary diagnosis of intracranial glioblastoma. Short conclusion Due to the recurrence rate of intracranial glioblastoma and its malignant nature; close imaging follow-up is highly crucial. The increase in reported cases of its extracranial metastases is generally due to the modern diagnostic tools and prolonged survival attributed to the improvement in treatment modalities where now radical surgery with adjuvant radiotherapy and chemotherapy is standard protocol. Patients with glioblastomas presenting with swelling in the cervical region should be investigated to rule out parotid gland metastasis.

A cross-sectional coprological and pathological study was conducted in five districts of South Wollo and Oromia Administrative Zones, Amhara regional state, Ethiopia from November 2020 to June 2021 to determine the prevalence and associated risk factors of Bovine Schistosomiasis and to characterize pathological lesions induced by the adult worm of Schistosoma bovis. For coprological examination, a total of 768 fecal samples were collected both from the field (384) and the abattoirs (384). An abattoir survey was carried out on 384 cattle to evaluate the performance of the sedimentation method. The risk factors were identified using multivariable mixed-effect logistic regression analyses. The diagnostic efficacy of the sedimentation technique was determined by calculating sensitivity and specificity considering postmortem examination as a reference test. The overall prevalence of bovine shistosomiasis using coprological examination was found to be 16.7% (95% CI = 14.10–19.49). The prevalence of shistosomiasis based on post-mortem examination was found to be 17.19% (95% CI = 13.55–21.34). Local cattle breed (OR = 2.44, 95%CI = 1.34–4.43), poor body condition (OR = 4.09, 95% CI = 2.45–6.83) and adult (OR = 1.78, 95% CI = 1.21–3.28) cattle are more likely to acquire shistosomiasis than crossbreed, good body condition, and young cattle. The sensitivity and specificity of sedimentation techniques, keeping postmortem examination as a reference test were 74.24% (95%CI = 61.99–84.22) and 98.11% (95%CI = 95.94–99.30), respectively. The major gross lesions were observed in the liver and intestinal tracts. In conclusion, adult local cattle with medium and poor body conditions should be prioritized for deworming and future surveillance.

Background: Coronavirus disease 2019, also known as 2019-nCoV cluster of acute respiratory illness with unknown causes, which occurred in Wuhan, Hubei Province, in China, was first reported to World Health Organization country office as of December 30, 2019. People with medical illness are at a higher risk for coronavirus disease, and the pandemic influences mental health and causes psychological problems, particularly in those with chronic medical illness. Hence, this study aimed to assess coronavirus disease 2019-related anxiety and the knowledge on its preventive measures among patients with medical illness on follow-up in public hospitals of Bale, East Bale, and Arsi zones Objective: To assess coronavirus disease 2019-related anxiety and knowledge toward coronavirus disease 2019 preventive measures among patients with chronic medical illness on follow-up in public hospitals of Bale, East Bale, and West Arsi zones. Methods: A hospital-based cross-sectional study was conducted in selected hospitals of Bale and West Arsi zones, Southeast Ethiopia. A total of 633 study participants were included in this study, and data were collected through an interviewer-administered questionnaire. A descriptive summary was computed. Bivariable and multivariable logistic regression analyses were carried out to identify the associated factors. Results: Overall, the prevalence of anxiety among chronic patients in this study was 6.3% (95% confidence interval: 4.6%–8.5%) and 420 (66.35%) had good knowledge on the preventive measures of coronavirus disease 2019. Factors significantly associated with anxiety among chronic patients were being educated (95% confidence interval: adjusted odds ratio = 0.26 (0.09–0.74)), being male (95% confidence interval: 2.69 (1.11–6.53)), and use of mask (95% confidence interval: 0.11 (0.05–0.26)). Conclusion: The prevalence of coronavirus disease 2019-related anxiety among chronic patients was high and being males, uneducated, and not using face mask was significantly associated with coronavirus disease 2019-related anxiety.

يشير الطلب السياحي إلى رغبة المستهلكين وقدرتهم على شراء كميات مختلفة من منتج سياحي بأسعار مختلفة خلال فترة زمنية معينة. وبإتباع النظرية القياسية قد يتأثر الطلب على السياحة بعدد لا يحصى من العوامل السعرية وغير السعرية. وأن للطلب السياحي أربعة أنواع رئيسية من المرونات وهي: مرونة الطلب السعرية (درجة الإستجابة للتغيرات في سعر ذلك المنتج نفسه) ومرونة الدخل (درجة الإستجابة للتغيرات في مستوى دخل المستهلك) والمرونة السعرية المتقاطعة (درجة الإستجابة للتغيرات في أسعار السلع البديلة والمكملة) ومرونة التسويق/ الإعلان (درجة الإستجابة للتغيرات في نفقات الإعلان على هذا المنتج). لذلك تعد معرفة مرونة الأسعار مهمة للقائمين على السياحة الذين يسعون إلى زيادة عائدات المبيعات. وتحتوي الأدبيات على عدد كبير من الدراسات البحثية التي حاولت نمذجة العوامل التي تؤثر على الطلب السياحي ومديات هذا التأثير. في حالة تقدير نماذج الطلب يجب الإنتباه بعناية في مواصفات النموذج وجمع البيانات و الصيغة الدالية وتقييم النتائج.

يحظى إقليم كوردستان العراق بثروة سياحية متنوعة وفريدة فهو مهد البشرية والمعبر الذي إستوطن فيه الجنس البشري قادماً من أفريقيا ومنه إرتحل إلى بقية العالم، وترك هذا المهد آثاراً على الإنسانية جمعاء، إذ يتميز بجغرافيا غنية وبتنوع حيوي و مناخي، والذي يشكل عامل جذب للسياحة، أن وجود العديد من آثار التواجد الإنساني القديم وأنماط أولى المستوطنات البشرية تشكل عاملاً لكل أنواع السياحة تقريباً، لكن بسبب الظروف التي مرت بها المنطقة بعامة والعراق وإقليم كوردستان بخاصة من حروب ومعاناة طيلة العقود الخمسة الماضية، حد من توجه الحكومة للقيام بالإهتمام بهذا القطاع، وإعتمدت الإيرادات الكمركية، والهبات والمساعدات الدولية، وأخيراً الإعتماد على الإيرادات النفطية. لكن رغم كل شيء بقيت السياحة رائجة خلال مدة الدراسة وتبنت الدراسة وجود أثر إيجابي بين الإستثمار السياحي والناتج المحلي الإجمالي، وتوصلت الدراسة إلى أن هناك علاقة طردية بين الإستثمار السياحي والناتج المحلي الإجمالي لذا يجب إعطاء دور بارز وأهمية كبيرة للسياحة في توليد الدخل من خلال تسهيلات التأشيرة ودعم ودفع القطاع الخاص فيها أكثر. وكذلك العمل على ربط الإقليم بالعالم العربي بخطوط نقل حديثة وسريعة والمجال الجوي وفتج أكبر عدد ممكن من الموانيء الجوية وتنمية البنى التحتية في الإقليم.

Penetrating transorbital head injuries are rarely seen. We present a 6-year old male patient who was referred to our department after a wooden stick penetrated his right eye. On admission his general condition was well and he showed no neurologic deficits. On his cranial computed tomography (CT) there was a fracture on his right orbital wall and minimal subarachnoid hemorrhage in his right frontal lobe. On later follow-ups the patient's condition worsened and his control CT showed diffuse cerebral edema. The patient underwent emergent decompressive surgery. Due to this immediate intervention the patient was released from the hospital with no major deficits later. Up to our knowledge, there are no cases in the literature reported in which decompressive craniectomy was necessary after a transorbital penetrating head trauma.

Abstract Contagious caprine pleuropneumonia (CCPP) is a severe and devastating respiratory disease of goats, which is characterized by severe serofibrinous pleuropneumonia accompanied by high morbidity and mortality. A cross-sectional study was conducted from July 2022 to January 2023 to determine the seroprevalence of CCPP and identify risk factors associated with the occurrence of CCPP in goats in five selected districts of the South Wollo Zone of the Eastern Amhara region. A total of 384 sera samples were collected from goats and examined for antibodies specific to Mycoplasma capricolum subspecies capripneumoniae (Mccp) using Competitive Enzyme-Linked ImmunoSorbent Assay (cELISA) test. Out of the total examined sera, 26 samples were positive for CCPP, giving an overall seroprevalence of 6.7% (95% CI = 6.64–9.77). A seroprevalence of 5.05%, 4.65%, 2.78%, 12.90%, and 10.77% were recorded in Ambasel, Tehuledere, Kalu, Dessie Zuria and Kutaber districts, respectively. However, there was no statistically significant difference among these five districts (p > 0.05). The seroprevalence of CCPP varies significantly between age groups and agroecology (p 0.05). Old-aged goats (OR = 4.10) and goats found in the lowlands (OR = 5.09) were at higher risk of infection with CCPP than young-aged goats and goats found in the highlands, respectively. In conclusion, the present seroprevalence investigation indicated the occurrence of CCPP in those selected study districts of the South Wollo Zone. Therefore, appropriate control measures, including avoiding the mixing of flocks and vaccination should be designed and implemented especially in the lowland areas and older goats to reduce the further spread and magnitude of the disease.

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The goal of this study is to assess HFNC oxygenation and compare the efficacy of high-flow nasal cannula (HFNC) to noninvasive ventilation (NIV) on oxygenation in patients with acute hypoxemic respiratory failure. The patients were randomly grouped into two groups, 20 in each group. Group 1: treated by high-flow nasal cannula (HFNC) and group 2: treated by non-invasive ventilation. There was a statistically significant difference regarding PaO2/FiO2 at baseline and at the end (P-value < 0.001) in both groups indicating improvement of oxygenation in both groups. There was a statistically significant difference between the two groups regarding the PaO2 and PaO2/FiO2 ratio (P-value < 0.05) at the end of the trial however the degree of oxygenation improvement was significantly higher with NIV group. The conclusion of our study: the use of high flow nasal cannula is effective in improving oxygenation but NIV was superior to HFNC. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]