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Lojistik yönetimi, özellikle ticaretin küreselleşmesi ve endüstriyel döngülerin hızlandığı bir ekonomik ortamda, ekonomik rekabet gücü, zaman ve hizmet kalitesi açısından hedeflerine ulaşmak isteyen herhangi bir şirket için stratejik bir konu haline gelmiştir. Bu gelişmeler, teknolojik alt yapıların gelişmesi, ticaret akışlarının artan karmaşıklığı, artan rekabet ve sürdürülebilir kalkınmadan kaynaklanan ekonomi eğilimlerden etkilenmiştir. Bu nedenle lojistik ağların tasarımı ve planlaması hem işletmeler hem de araştırmacılar için giderek daha önemli hale gelmiştir. Bu çalışmada, gönderilerin üreticilerin bulunduğu şehirlerden perakendecilerin bulunduğu şehirlere, doğrudan veya yerleri model tarafından belirlenecek olan bir dizi dağıtım merkezi aracılığıyla dağıtıldığı bir deterministik model oluşturulmuştur. Her varış şehrine sadece bir dağıtım merkezi atanırken, her dağıtım merkezi birden fazla varış şehrine hizmet verebilmektedir. Model, dağıtım merkezlerinin nereye yerleştirileceğine karar vermekte ve lojistik işletme maliyetini en aza indirmeyi amaçlamaktadır. Model, her bir dağıtım merkezi için kapasite kısıtını dikkate almaktadır. Problemi çözmek için genetik algoritma tabanlı bir yöntem geliştirilmiştir. Genetik algoritma modeli Python dili ile kodlanmıştır. Genetik algoritma çözümü, Genel Cebirsel Modelleme Sistemi (GAMS) tarafından elde edilen optimal çözümle karşılaştırılarak küçük boyutlu problemler üzerinde doğrulanmıştır.

Malaria has become widespread, especially in sub-Saharan Africa, owing to disruptions experienced during the Covid-19 pandemic. Both cerebral malaria and acute kidney injury are important indicators of severe malaria. Depending on the degree of acute renal failure, hemodialysis/hemofiltration treatment is required. Our patient was a 22-year-old male from the Republic of Chad. The patient with confusion came to our country 15 days prior and was admitted to the internal medicine intensive care unit. Initially, Thrombocytopenic Thrombocytic Purpura (TTP) was considered because of clinical and laboratory similarities. As the patient had a history of coming from an endemic area, anemia, thrombocytopenia, and splenomegaly, malaria was considered. The patient was diagnosed with falciparum malaria due to the presence of multiple ring-shaped trophozoites and banana gametocytes. The patient with cerebral malaria, hyperparasitemia (parasite load 15%), hyperbilirubinemia and acute kidney injury was considered to have severe malaria. Intravenous artesunate was planned, but since it could not be obtained immediately, oral artemether+lumefantrine was started, and the patient became conscious at the 24th hour of treatment. During the follow-up, the patient's creatinine levels increased to 6.9, and the patient was subjected to hemodialysis several times. After effective hemodialysis and antimalarial treatment, the patient was discharged without sequelae on the 20th day of hospitalization. This case report is thought to be important in that it emphasizes that the diagnosis of malaria may be delayed due to its confusion with microangiopathic hemolytic anemias, and that it emphasizes the importance of correct management of complications.

Background: Columellar strut grafts (CSG) are effective in providing the unity of the nasal tip with a weak,short, medial, or middle crura. However, its effect on tip stabilization is minimal. The CSG may be fixated to an autoextension at the caudal septum to augment the stabilization capacity of the strut. Septal auto-extension may not be applicable in cases with a short/shortened caudal septum, which can be solved by designing an extension in the middle of the CSG, which can be called an “inverted T-shaped CSG.” Methods: Patients who underwent tip stabilization with an inverted T-shaped CSG between January 2019 and November 2021 were selected for this research. All patients underwent open structural rhinoplasty. The inverted T-shaped CSG was prepared similarly to the standard strut. However, spike-like extension was preserved in the middle of the strut, branching out at a right angle. The T-shaped CSG was settled between the medial crura. Then, the extension was fixated to the caudal septum. Medial crura were sutured over the inverted T-shaped CSG, and stability was established. Preoperative, peroperative, and postoperative images were analyzed. Results: This technique was used in 64 patients. The average age was 37 years (26-48 years). Thirty-five patients were female, and 29 were male. Forty-one patients had undergone primary rhinoplasty, and 23 had undergone secondary rhinoplasty. The mean patient follow-up was 14 months (8-22 months). Statistical analysis was used to compare tip projection ratios and nasolabial angle calculations. A statistically meaningful difference was observed between preoperative, immediate postoperative, and 1-year postoperative measurements of the projection ratio and nasolabial angle increase in all cases, and this projection was observed to be maintained at 1 year. The inverted T-shaped CSG provided satisfactory tip stabilization in all patients. Conclusion: The inverted T-shaped CSG is a good alternative for tip stabilization with graft economy, without columellar retraction, overortation, stiffness, in short/shortened septae.

Background: Anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) ruptures are one of the most extensively studied injuries in the field of orthopedics, but despite the extensive research, graft selection for ACL reconstruction remains a matter of debate. The present study aims to evaluate the stiffness and elasticity of native ACLs using texture profile analysis and compare results with those of autografts used in ACL reconstruction. Methods: Included in the study were dissected 12 cadavers from which grafts were recovered. The graft characteristics, such as stiffness, elasticity and resilience, were measured using a TA.XT Plus Texture Analyzer. Findings: Among the grafts studied, Achilles’ tendon graft (0.70; 0.64) had the highest resilience in both males and females, while the greatest elasticity was identified in the patellar tendon graft (Male: 93 %; Female: 94 %) in all subjects. The highest stiffness value in males was recorded for the quadriceps tendon graft (2928.76 N), while the highest stiffness value in females was recorded for Achilles’ tendon graft (2204.61 N). Interpretation: According to the study data, the autografts that may be considered as an alternative to ACL were, listed in order of strength from high to low, the quadriceps, Achilles’, patella and hamstring tendons in men, and the Achilles’, quadriceps, patellar and hamstring tendons in women. It is worthy of note that the hamstring tendon graft, which is the most frequently preferred autograft in ACL reconstruction, was found to be the lowest in all parameters in both groups.

Abstract Lower body implants are designed according to the boundary conditions of gait data and tested against. However, due to diversity in cultural backgrounds, religious rituals might cause different ranges of motion and different loading patterns. Especially in the Eastern part of the world, diverse Activities of Daily Living (ADL) consist of salat, yoga rituals, and different style sitting postures. A database covering these diverse activities of the Eastern world is non-existent. This study focuses on data collection protocol and the creation of an online database of previously excluded ADL activities, targeting 200 healthy subjects via Qualisys and IMU motion capture systems, and force plates, from West and Middle East Asian populations with a special focus on the lower body joints. The current version of the database covers 50 volunteers for 13 different activities. The tasks are defined and listed in a table to create a database to search based on age, gender, BMI, type of activity, and motion capture system. The collected data is to be used for designing implants to allow these sorts of activities to be performed.

PURPOSE: This study aimed to evaluate the incidence of conjunctival and pharyngeal swab sample positivity of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) in asymptomatic preterm and term infants. We aimed to detect asymptomatic carrier potential in infants. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Patients screened for retinopathy of prematurity (ROP) at our clinic between January and June 2021 were recruited for this study. For all study cases, the previous history of possible exposure or contact with SARS-CoV-2, previous history of coronavirus disease-19 (COVID-19), or contact with any COVID-19 case was excluded. None of the patients showed signs of COVID-19 during sample collection. Pharyngeal and conjunctival swab samples were collected before the ophthalmic examination. Nucleic acid isolation from the samples was performed using an automated system. The presence of SARS-CoV-2 RNA in the samples was screened using a real-time polymerase chain reaction kit, and the positive samples were re-evaluated for the variant virus. RESULTS: Among the 127 patients with a median age of 40 weeks (range: 34–86) of postmenstrual age, positivity for SARS-CoV-2 RNA in the pharyngeal and conjunctival samples was 5/127 (3.93%) and 3/127 (2.36%), respectively. Isolated conjunctival positivity was not observed in any of the patients, and all three patients were positive for both conjunctiva and pharynx. CONCLUSION: Asymptomatic infants may be a reservoir for SARS-CoV-2, and conjunctival infection in infants may be a source of virus transmission. Since ROP screening cannot be postponed during the pandemic, caution should be exercised to prevent the spread of the disease.

Objective: This study aimed to determine the knowledge, attitudes and behaviors of students in a medical school about HPV, HPV vaccine and cervical cancer. Methods: The research was carried out in the students of Selcuk University Faculty of Medicine in April 2022. The universe of the study consisted of all medical school students and it was conducted with 125 volunteers who accepted the study. Participants were asked questions about HPV, HPV vaccine and cervical cancer. Results: One-hundred twenty five students participated in the study. The mean age was 20,89±2,339 (range 18-31). Of the 125 participants, 50,4% (n: 63) were female and 49,6% (n: 62) were male, and 74,4% (n: 93) were preclinical (1-2-3th year) students, and 25,6% (n = 32) were clinical (4-5-6th year) students. Majority of the respondents [ 86.4% (n=108)] reported that they did not have enough knowledge about HPV, HPV vaccine and diseases caused by HPV. Conclusion: As the result of the study, even medical school students were not fully informed about HPV, HPV vaccine, and cervical cancer. It is extremely important for more healty generation that medical students, who will be the pioneers of healthcare of the future and will educate the public on health and guide health policies, are given adequate training on HPV and HPV vaccine.

Background: This study aimed to compare the salivary galectin-3 and galectin-9 levels in periodontitis, gingivitis, and periodontally healthy patients. Methods: This study included 75 non-smokers who were systemically healthy. The clinical periodontal parameters of each participant were recorded. Individuals with periodontal health, gingivitis, and Stage II or Stage III Grade B periodontitis were allocated to the corresponding study groups (n = 25 each). Saliva samples were obtained from all individuals after they abstained from drinking and eating 1 h before sample collection. The galectin-3 and galectin-9 levels in the saliva were analyzed using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. One-way analysis of variance, student's t-test, Spearman correlation, and logistic regression were used for statistical analyses. Results: The galectin-3 and galectin-9 levels were significantly higher in the periodontitis and gingivitis groups than in the healthy group (p

ABSTRACT Objective: To compare the functional outcomes between floating knee injuries with open femur and tibia fractures and closed floating knee injuries. Methods: Floating knee injuries (followed up and treated in our clinic) were retrospectively analyzed. Patients were divided into two groups: floating knee injuries with open femur and tibia fractures (Group 1) and floating knee injuries with closed femur and tibia fractures (Group 2). Patients were compared according to their demographic characteristics and clinical and functional outcomes. Results: Of 52 study patients, 28 had Group 1 injuries and 24, Group 2 injuries. We found a statistically significant difference in length of hospital stay between the two groups (p = 0.01) and a statistically significant difference in Karlström-Olerud functional scores between the groups (p = 0.02). We found osteomyelitis in five (17%) patients in Group 1 and in one (4%) patient in Group 2. Conclusion: Patients with floating knee injuries and open fractures showed poorer outcomes than those with closed fractures. Those with open floating knee injuries show complications more often and longer hospital stays. Level of Evidence III, Therapeutic Studies Investigating the Results of Treatment.

Introduction: After total laryngectomy, decreased olfactory function and olfactory bulb volume shrinkage have been reported to occur due to olfactory deprivation caused by nasal airflow interruption. There is evidence that the olfactory system can be modulated by repeated exposure to odors in a procedure called olfactory training. However, it is not known whether any recovery of the lost olfactory bulb volume is possible by eliminating olfactory deprivation via olfactory rehabilitation long after laryngectomy. Objective: This study examined the recovery of olfactory function and the change in olfactory bulb volume via long-term olfactory rehabilitation after total laryngectomy. Methods: Possible causes of olfactory dysfunction in the study participants were evaluated by collecting detailed anamnesis. As olfactory tests, orthonasal butanol threshold and odor discrimination tests were performed. Three-dimensional olfactory bulb volumes were calculated using manual segmentation on T2-weighted coronal magnetic resonance images. In olfactory rehabilitation, four different odors were applied to all patients orthonasally, using a larynx bypass technique for 30 min per day for 6 months. Olfactory tests were performed before the rehabilitation and after 6 months of rehabilitation, and olfactory bulb volume measurements were performed using magnetic resonance images. Results: Eleven patients diagnosed with advanced laryngeal cancer who underwent total laryngectomy and postoperative radiotherapy with a follow-up of 5–10 years were included in the study. All patients were male, and the mean age was 58.18 ± 4.17 years. In total laryngectomized patients, the olfactory bulb volumes measured on magnetic resonance images were 42.25 ± 12.8 mm3 before and 55.5 ± 11.22 mm3 after rehabilitation, and this increase was highly significant. Olfactory test scores were 2.3 ± 1.27 before and 4.39 ± 0.86 after rehabilitation, and this increase was also highly significant. Conclusion: As a result of the olfactory rehabilitation applied by providing orthonasal air flow, the olfactory function lost after total laryngectomy was improved considerably, and the olfactory bulb volume was significantly increased. The increase in olfactory bulb volume in total laryngectomy patients via olfactory rehabilitation to eliminate olfactory deprivation due to nasal airflow interruption was demonstrated for the first time in this prospective longitudinal study.

Objectives: To evaluate the presence of radicular groove and dentin thickness on the palatal aspect of the buccal root of maxillary first premolars using cone-beam computed tomography (CBCT). Materials and methods: Images of 312 maxillary first premolars belonging to 187 patients (between 18-69 years, 94 females and 93 males) who were referred to the clinic were retrospectively reviewed. Root canal treatment, periapical lesion, and post-core were excluded. One and three-rooted premolars were also excluded. CBCT images were viewed on the axial plane to detect grooves. The concave area on the palatal aspect of the buccal root was recorded as a groove. Buccal and palatal dentin thicknesses were measured by two observers at the level of 3 mm below furcation. Statistical analyses were performed. Results: Buccal and palatal thicknesses were 1.28(±0.25) and 0.87(±0.13) mm, respectively. According to Student’s t-test, buccal dentin thickness was statistically higher than palatal dentin (p=0.016). The prevalence of groove was 82.05%. While palatal thickness without groove was 0.93(±0.14) mm, palatal thickness corresponding to groove was 0.82(±0.12) mm. One-way ANOVA showed palatal and buccal thickness in group 1 (18-35 years) was statistically lower than group 3 (>65 years) (p=0.012 and p=0.003). No statistical difference in thickness was observed between sex and left or right side (p>0.05). Conclusions: Palatal thickness related to groove can be considered a “danger zone” for post-core and endodontic treatment. Considering the high prevalence (82.05%) and thin dentin of the groove, more conservative canal and post space preparation and CBCT examination are recommended to avoid perforation.

Objectives: Dentin thickness in concave areas of the root creates risk for complications such as strip perforation during endodontic treatment. The study aims to examine dentin thickness of the danger (DZ) and safety zone (SZ), canal configuration, and the presence of isthmus in the mesiobuccal root of maxillary molars. Material and methods: Conebeam Computed Tomography (CBCT) images of 1251 teeth belonging to 642 patients were retrospectively reviewed. The dentin thicknesses at DZ and SZ in maxillary molars with one (MB) or two mesiobuccal canals (MB1, MB2) were measured at the 3 mm apical to the furcation level. Vertucci’s canal configurations and the isthmus rate were recorded. The Chi-square test and The Student’s t-test were performed. Results: MB2 rate was higher in maxillary first molars (61.68%) than second molars (39.36%). Isthmus rates were 27.3% and 44.11% in first and second molars. DZ thickness was thinner than the dentin thickness in the SZ in both first and second molars with one or two mesial canals (p< 0.05). In teeth with single canal, the mean DZ thickness was 0.88mm. In teeth with two canals, the mean DZ thicknesses were 0.83mm and 0.80mm for MB1 and MB2 canals, respectively.Conclusion: MB2 rate was higher in the first molar (61.68%), and the isthmus rate was higher in the second molar (44.11%). DZ and SZ were thinner in MB2 than in MB1 at the maxillary molars with two mesial canals. The results indicated that more conservative preparation must be applied to the MB2 canal in the maxillary molars.

Objective:The aim of the present study was to assess the quality, reliability and educational value of health-related information videos about lateral epicondylitis on YouTube.Method:The study conducted a search on YouTube on April 1, 2021 using the search term ‘‘lateral epicondylitis’’. Based on relevance to this keyword, the first 50 videos were recorded for assessment. The videos were assessed by two orthopedic surgeons. Video length in seconds, view counts, number of likes, number of dislikes, video category (animation or not), video content, days since upload, and source of upload (uploader) were recorded. All videos were analyzed for length, view counts, number of likes and source of upload. Quality of the videos was assessed using the global quality score (GQS) (score range: 0-4), Journal of the American Medical Association (JAMA) score (0-5), and DISCERN (15-75) score. The data were statistically analyzed according to these scoring systems.Results:Like rate had no significant correlation with GQS, DISCERN, and JAMA scores. There was a significant positive correlation between view rate and GQS scores (p=0.038). View rate had no significant correlation with DISCERN (p=0.453) and JAMA scores (p=0.946). There was a significant positive correlation between video power index and GQS scores (p=0.036). Video power index had no significant correlation with DISCERN (p=0.442) and JAMA scores (p=0.938). According to the source of upload, there was a significant difference in JAMA and DISCERN scores between physicians and non-physicians. GQS did not significantly differ (p=0.15) according to the source of upload.Conclusion:The analysis of the first 50 videos relevant to lateral epicondylitis on YouTube revealed that videos were uploaded mainly by healthcare professionals. Overall, the 50 videos had an average level of adequacy.

The increasing number of pandemic issues require to pay attention to health conditions and social distance. The explicit sign of COVID-19 is body fever. It is a simple and affordable detection method when compared to other blood tests. However, it is required to be physically close to a visitor to measure body temperature. For this reason, we have designed and developed a low-cost microprocessor measurement system with an infrared non-contact temperature sensor, and a Bluetooth for sending to long distance. Android application has been developed to read and set the alarm function using a smart telephone or a tablet far from the visitors. With the help of these circuit and application designs, body temperatures can be checked from long distance considering the pandemic situations. The printed circuit of the microcontroller, Bluetooth, sensor, and light-dependent resistor (LDR) triggering are manufactured, and the software of the controller and the application are integrated and tested successfully

Abstract Intimate partner violence (IPV) is a complex problem with multiple layers of heterogeneity. We took a data-driven approach to characterize this heterogeneity. We integrated data from different studies, representing 640 individuals from various backgrounds. We used hierarchical clustering to systematically group cases in terms of their similarities according to violence variables. Results suggested that the cases can be clustered into 12 hierarchically organized subgroups, with verbal abuse and negotiation being the main discriminatory factors at higher levels. The presence of physical assault, injury, and sexual coercion was discriminative at lower levels of the hierarchy. Subgroups also exhibited significant differences in terms of relationship dynamics and individual factors. This study represents an attempt toward using integrative data analysis to understand the etiology of violence. These results can be useful in informing treatment efforts. The integrative data analysis framework we develop can also be applied to various other problems.

Biodiversity is of crucial importance for ecosystem health and functioning. It is thus one of the most important topics in the various disiplines of the Naturel Science. Various indices have been improved to measure biodiversity. By using those indices, biodiversity can be estimated at alpha (within a given site), beta (between the sites) and gamma (total) levels. Thanks to presence of many indices for calculating of biodiversity components, the researchers can use these calculation techniques with their alternatives and evaluate the research results more effectively and efficiently. This situation provides an important adventage to arrive more productive and accurate results about biodiversity studies. The information obtained from such studies are particulary important for the identification of the policies and implementations for conservation and sustainability of the biodiversity in the natural ecosystems. In this sense, by thinking as an important demand for the reseachers in Turkey, it was thought that making a sofware called by our study team as “A Software for Measuring Bodiversity Components (BİÇEB)” can be useful. This software includes species richness measures, heterogeneousness measurments and species abundance models at alpha level, and computations between two communities, and among the communities by using binary and abundance data at beta and gamma level. The software is designed in two forms as web and desktop application. In this way, it is aimed to be an easily accessible and user friendly software. In this study, it is aimed to give information about BİÇEB software.

Length-weight relationships (LWR) of the most landed pelagic fish species Sardina pilchardus Walbaum, 1792 and Engraulis encrasicolus Linnaeus, 1758 in the Izmir Bay purse seine fishery were determined to reveal latest situation. Purse seine is a non-selective fishing gear compare to the other fishing gear such as gillnet or trammel net. For this reason, sampling all size individuals is very important to calculate mean length and other LWR parameters. In this study, seasonal LWR coefficient and minimum-maximum lengths were established as monthly basis. LWR of S. pilchardus and E. encrasicolus were W = 0.0059L2.7930 (r² = 0.94) and W = 0.0019L3.4207, (r² = 0.87), respectively. Growth type of the S. pilchardus was found negative allometric whereas E. encrasicolus was positive allometric. A decrease of the mean total length of S. pilchardus has been considerable variable from 1994 to 2014 in Izmir Bay but with this study, it is observed that mean length of the sardine found near of 2006 value related to seasonal fishing pressure.

The coexistence of mammalian species in the ecosystem is an important indicator that the ecosystem is in balance. This study was carried out to determine the conditions related to each other of some wild mammals distributed in Burdur-Ağlasun district. As a result of the presence-absence survey conducted on 70 sample plots, five species were sampled at an adequate level, statistically. Cluster analysis was performed to presence-absence data of wild mammals by PC-ORD program and sample plots were divided into three groups (A, B, C).To see the relationships between groups and mammals, Chi-square test was performed with SPSS. Indicator species and relationship orientation of these species were determined by using interspecific correlation analysis for important ones. Detrended correspondence analysis (DCA) were applied with the Past program to examine the situation of groups and wild mammals with sample plots. As a result of study, Negative and positive indicator speices of groups A, B and C were determined. According to DCA results, Wild hare and Wild boar were almost equally distant from the three groups. As a result of this study, it seems that own habitats of species (except for Wild hare and Wild boar) sharply separated. Finally, this study is also important in that it shows the mentioned analysis methods can be used to reveal the relationships of the species with each other.

This study aimed at determining the relations between spectral and bird species rarefaction curves in a brutian pine forest ecosystem located in the Fethiye region, Turkey. Bird species were counted by fieldwork in 40 sample plots with 0.81 ha (90 x 90 m). The NDVITOA values of pixels belonging to each plot (pixel numbers are 36, 81 and 324 for Aster, SPOT and RapidEye, respectively) were calculated. Spectral and bird species rarefaction curves were formed by means of EstimatesS software. The relations between spectral and bird species rarefaction curves were examined using regression analyses. Furthermore, the similarities of rarefaction curves were determined considering “increase rate” of curves. The results of study showed that there are serious differences between spectral and bird species rarefaction curves and bird species rarefaction curve was not predicted using satellite images in this region. It is considered that similar studies could be conducted on a wide geographic region using coarse resolution satellite data in order to understand the potentials of spectral rarefaction curves more clearly.

This research paper aimed at modeling the relations between mammal wildlife species, which spread around Burdur Lake Basin, with environmental factors and getting habitat suitability maps on the basis of native species by generalizing acquired models. Field survey was carried out on 328 sample plots and 3280 sub-sample plots. Traces, feces and signs belonging to wild boar (Sus scrofa), european hare (Lepus europaeus), beech marten (Martes foina) and red fox (Vulpes vulpes) were identified using the transect counts in the Basin. Data from these species was tested through Jacknife Method by being analyzed with Maximum Entropy (Maxent) method. Base maps belonging to 20 different environmental variances were used for wildlife suitability modeling. Habitat suitability maps were prepared for wild boar (0.77;0,71), brown hare (0.80; 0.74), beech marten (0.86; 0,80), and red fox (0.87; 0.77) by taking into account of obtained models' education data set and test data set ROC values. According to obtained models' results; the relation between wildlife animal species on the study area and topography, distance to forest village road, elevation, bedrock, smoothness, solar lightening index, distance to settlement, distance to lake, distance to runnel and radiation index was detected. In this study, habitat suitability maps based on relation between wild animals and environmental factors were created. These maps will be important bases for mammals species to protect and hunting plans preperation.

The aim of this study was to provide information about the bird species of Isparta Atabey Plain and reveal the species diversity and their abundance. The 32.994 ha study area was divided in total of 3666 grid squares scaled with 300 m x 300 m. Observations were executed in 60 of these sample grid squares. Point counting method was conducted in these sample plots in from April to August 2015. As a result of the studies 99 species from 33 families of 16 orders were recorded. The regional status of 99 bird species are 19 resident, 1 resident and passage migrant, 27 resident and winter visitor, 2 winter visitor, 2 winter visitor and passage migrant, 8 passage migrant, 32 passage migrant and summer migrant, 5 summer migrant and 3 vagrant. Mounts were compared taking into account abundance of bird species and consequently it was found that April had the highest of the Shannon-Wiener diversity index value (H = 4.511).

Preparation of the base maps in conserving biodiversity gain importance gradually in forest inventory. Such maps are needed to either in arrangement of forest management maps, or in managing other semi-natural ecosystems. Biodiversity maps can be prepared particularly based on the variables to be easily measured such as forest structural diversity and bird species richness. Preparation of these maps for large geographic areas using field measurements and observations is difficult, costly, and time consuming. The potential of satellite data has been intensively investigated on this subject. The aim of this study is to determine the relations between bird species richness and the landscape diversity calculated based on Landsat-8 OLI data and image segmentation. The results showed that there is a statistically important relation between bird species richness and landscape diversity (r=0,58 and p

Summary:. In severe nasal deformities, the original cartilages are removed, or they become unusable because of previous operations. Costal cartilage (CC) is one of the most important tools for the replacement of deficient nasal osteocartilaginous framework. In 4 secondary and 1 tertiary rhinoplasty cases with severe deformities of medial and lateral crura of the lower lateral cartilages, we have prepared a long strut graft from a CC and then split the graft tip 5–6 mm vertically into 2 equal halves to create a gamma (ϒ)-shaped strut graft. We have sutured the base of this graft to the nasal spine and/or the bases of the medial crural remnants. Then, we have prepared lateral crural grafts and secured the grafts over lateral crural remnants. Then we curved the split tip winglets of the ϒ-shaped strut graft to both sides and sutured them to lateral crural grafts in order to create a new dome. Splitting of the CC strut graft reduces the need for extensive suturing at the tip, obtains smoother contours and ensures graft economy, and provides an original and stable dome shape. The bending capacity of the CC is limited in middle-aged patients. Costal allografts from a young cadaver can be a good alternative. ϒ-shaped costal crural graft is useful for medial crural and domal monobloc reconstruction in secondary and tertiary cases.

This study investigates the potential of object-based texture parameters extracted from 15m spatial resolution ASTER imagery for estimating tree size diversity in a Mediterranean forested landscape in Turkey. Tree size diversity based on tree basal area was determined using the Shannon index and Gini Coefficient at the sampling plot level. Image texture parameters were calculated based on the grey level co-occurrence matrix (GLCM) for various image segmentation levels. Analyses of relationships between tree size diversity and texture parameters found that relationships between the Gini Coefficient and the GLCM values were the most statistically significant, with the highest correlation (r=0.69) being with GLCM Homogeneity values. In contrast, Shannon Index values were weakly correlated with image derived texture parameters. The results suggest that 15m resolution Aster imagery has considerable potential in estimating tree size diversity based on the Gini Coefficient for heterogeneous Mediterranean forests.

Glomus tumors (chemodectomas) originate from chemoreceptors in the neural crest. Two thirds of glomus tumors in head and neck region are glomus jugulare tumors. Tumors originating from carotid bifurcation are called glomus caroticum. They are slowly growing tumors. Methods for management are follow- up with MR-scan, radiotherapy and surgical excision. Preoperative intravascular embolisation provides an easy surgical excision of glomus caroticum tumors. In this case report, glomus caroticum tumors and preoperative embolisation have been discussed.

Between July 1996 and May 2000 123 patients were operated for rhinoplasty in otorhinolaryngology clinic. 68.3% (n=84) were operated by the closed technique and 31.7% (n=39) were operated by the open technique. Open technique was preferred by the complicated refinement of the nasal tip, secondary revision surgery, when trauma has disrupted the nasal tissue and made it difficult to differentiate, where use of grafts are needed and of the education of trainee surgeons. Endonasal approach is preferred in simple and limited cases and by the experienced surgeons. Techniques for the approach to the nose is only the beginning of the surgery. The surgeon has to choose the technique, that he can manage and prefer. This technique must provide the best exposure, the best way of management and the least complication. Therefore refusal of a technique and supporting another is not an objective behavior for a surgeon, who is a scientist as well. External approach provides new opportunities and safety for the inexperienced surgeon. If there is indication and if the way of management with the complications is known, it can be chosen. Open technique is also important in a otolaryngology clinic, because it helps the education of the candidate surgeons.

1996 ve 1997 y ı llar ı nda yürütülen çal ışmalarda iki farkl ı kebere türüne ait C. spinosa L. ve C. ovata Desf. tohumlar ı n ç ı kış oran ı üzerine katlama süresi, katlama s ı cakl ığı ve kimyasal uygulamalar ı n Ve bunlar ı n kombinasyonları n ı n etkileri ara şt ı r ı lm ışt ı r. Denemenin I. y ı l ı nda C. spinosa L. tohumlar ı üzerinde 10, 20, 30, 40 ve 50 gün 4 °C'de katlama, 50 gün oda s ı cakl ığı nda katlama, katlamas ı z kimyasal uygulama ve hiçbir muameleye tabi tutulmayan kontrol olmak üzere sekiz farkl ı uygulama denenmiştir. Denemenin Il. y ı l ı nda ise C spinosa L. ve C. ovata Desf. tohumlar ı üzerinde 10, 20, 30, 40 ve 50 gün 4 *C'de katlama, kimyasal uygulad ı ktan sonra 50 gün 4 °C'de katlama, 50 gün oda s ı cakl ığı nda katlama, kimyasal uyguland ı ktan sonra 50 gün oda s ı cakl ığı nda katlama, katlamas ı z kimyasal uygulama ve hiçbir muameleye tabi tutulmayan kontrol olmak üzere on farkl ı uygulama denenmiştir. Kimyasal uygulama, tohumlar ı n önce 20 dakika konsantre FL,S0, ile daha sonra ise 1 saat 100 ppm'lik GA3 ile muamele edilmesi şeklinde yap ı lm ışt ı r. Tohumlar bütün uygulamalara -tabi tutulduktan sonra I. y ı lda 14 Mart, II.y ı lda ise 7 Nisan tarihinde fideliklere ekilerek ç ı kış yüzdeleri belirlenmi ştir. Denemeye al ı nan kebere türlerinden C. ovata'da ç ı k ış yüzdesi C.spinosa'ya göre daha fazla olurken uygulamalar aras ı nda en yüksek ç ı k ış yüzdesi % 52.50 ile kimyasal uygulama yap ı lmadan 50 gün süre ile oda s ı caklığı nda katlamaya al ı nan C.ovata tohumlar ı ndan elde edilmiştir.

The aim of this study was to predict landscape structural metrics using the features extracted from the ASTER multispectral satellite imagery with 15 m spatial resolution. The landscape structural metrics were calculated on the basis of forest map polygons generated from 1:15000 scaled aerial photos by photo-interpretation technique. The landscape metrics and corresponding image features that are texture parameters and segmentation polygons were determined for four different landscape extents. A stepwise multiple linear regression analysis was carried out to identify the most significant image-derived predictors of landscape metrics for each extent. The regression models established for the landscape metrics including the Number of Patches (NUMP), Edge Density (ED), Shannon's Diversity Index (SDI) and Patch Richness (PR) performed moderately with adjusted R2 values of 0.50 and 0.53 (P

"Corrigendum." Journal of Environmental Engineering and Landscape Management, 20(1), p. ix

Distinction of lands corresponding to hierarchical sequences of plant communities means hierarchical classification of ecosystems. In this context, it is essential in determining of effective environmental characteristics at each different hierarchic level of vegetation distinction. Thus, a hierarchical mapping including ecological land units can be provided owing to comparison of same hierarchical level of vegetation classes with the land units marked at the hierarchical level of the map. The study was carried out in order to classify and map hierarchically Yazili Canyon Nature Park situated in the Mediterranean region, Turkey. 107 sample plots were selected. TWINSPAN (the two-way indicator test) was applied in order to divide land into units, and chi-square tests were applied for confirmation of the units. Interspesific correlation analysis was also applied to determine the indicator species at each level of division. As a result, six portions were defined at different hierarchical levels in Yazili Canyon Nature Park. Climatic heterogeneity – which originated from the heterogeneous landscape structure of the canyon – plays an important role in this separation. Santrauka Hierarchinis augalijos pasiskirstymas vietovėje lemia hierarchinę augalijos klasifikaciją. Svarbu nustatyti efektyvias aplinkos apsaugos charakteristikas kiekviename hierarchiniame augalijos lygmenyje. Tyrimas vyko siekiant atlikti hierarchinę ekosistemos klasifikaciją ir sukurti hierarchinį Turkijos Viduržemio jūros regiono Yazili kanjono gamtinio parko žemėlapį. Pasirinkta 107 ploteliai. Skirstant į tam tikrus vienetus, dviem būdais taikytas indikacinis testas (TWINSPAN), vienetai įvertinti pagal chi kvadrato testą. Abipusės koreliacijos būdu kiekviename lygmenyje nustatyta indikacinės rūšys. Pagal tai skirtinguose Yazili kanjono gamtinio parko hierarchiniuose lygiuose apibrėžtos šešios dalys. Skirstymui didelę įtaką turėjo tokio tipo vietovei būdingas klimato heterogeniškumas, kurį lemia kanjonui būdingas aplinkos heterogeniškumas. Резюме Уникальность местности зависит от иерархического распределения растительности или иерархической классификации экосистемы. В этом контексте важно установить эффективные природоохранные характеристики для каждого иерархического уровня растительности. Настоящим исследованием преследовалась цель классифицировать экосистему и создать иерархическую карту каньона Уазили в Национальном парке Средиземноморского регионаТурции. Для этого были выбраны 107 участков. Два способа индикаторного теста TWINSPAN предназначалисьдля распределения по определенным единицам, а тест квадрата chi – для оценки этих единиц. Интерспецифическая корреляция была приспособлена для выявления индикаторных видов на каждом уровне. В результате былиустановлены шесть частей на разных иерархических уровнях каньона Уазили в Национальном парке. Гетерогенность ландшафтного климата, происходящая из характерного для каньона гетерогенного ландшафта, оказываетбольшое влияние на такое распределение. Reikšminiai žodžiai: TWINSPAN , hierarchinė ekosistemos klasifikacija, aplinkos heterogeniškumas, augalijos ir aplinkos sąsajos Ключевые слова: TWINSPAN, иерархическая классификация экосистемы, гетерогенность окружающей среды, взаимоотношения между растительностью и окружающей средой

The forest resources of south Anatolia (Turkey) are characterized by degradation due to wood extraction, overgrazing and fire. In the context of forest restoration, afforestation, conservation, utilization and sustainability, vegetation‐environment relationships need to be known. In the study, a data set from Mediterranean mountain forests on limeless bedrocks of southern Anatolia, consisting of species cover and environmental measures in 56 sample plots, was examined with canonical correspondence analysis. Results illustrated two vegetation gradients related to factor complexes of altitude‐aspect and pH‐total calcium carbonate. Axis I of the ordinate was strongly related to altitude, aspect, available water percentage of Bv, field capacity percentage of Bv, schistose quartzite and soil stoniness percentage. Axis II was strongly related to total lime percentage of Ah, total lime percentage of Bv, pH of Bv, schistose quartzite, pH of Cv, pH of Ah, slope degree, respectively. Species richness was correlated to pH‐total calcium carbonate gradient whereas total vegetation cover was correlated to altitude‐aspect gradient. Santrauka Pagrindinės Pietų Anatolijos (Turkija) miškų išteklių nykimo priežastys – per dideli medienos kirtimo mastai, augimviečių nuganymas ir gaisrai. Atkuriant, želdant miškus, naudojant išteklius ir siekiant užtikrinti šių dalykų darną, turi būti ištirta augalijos ir aplinkos veiksnių tarpusavio sąsaja. Tyrimams duomenys imti iš Viduržemio jūros baseino kalnų miškų, augančių mažo kalkingumo uolienose Pietų Anatolijoje. Augimviečių dirvožemio tipai labai įvairūs. Pasirinkta 56 pavyzdiniai ploteliai, taikyta kanoninio panašumo analizė. Rezultatai rodo, kad du augalijos vegetacijos gradientai susiję su kompleksu veiksnių – teritorijos aukščiu ir dirvožemio pH, nustatomu naudojant CaCO3 . Atlikus tyrimus, pirmojoje aplinkos veiksnių grupėje koreliavo teritorijos aukštis, augalų pasisavinama vandens dalis Bv dirvožemio horizonte, šio dirvožemio horizonto derlingumas. Antrojoje aplinkos veiksnių grupėje – Ah procentinė kalkių dalis, kvarcito sluoksnis, Cv, Ah ir Bv horizontų pH, šlaito nuolydžio laipsnis. Rūšies gausa priklausė nuo pH, o bendra augalijos danga buvo susijusi su aukščio gradientu. Резюме Леса Южной Анатолии исчезают из-за получения древесины, большого потравления и пожаров. При решении проблем восстановления, озеленения, охраны, использования и содержания лесов следует знать, каково воздействие факторов окружающей среды на растительность. Исследовались горные леса бассейна Средиземного моря, растущие на горных неизвестковых породах. Результаты показали значение для растительности двух градиентов: высоты и pH (CaCO3 ). Ось ординат I в значительной мере зависит от высоты, доступности воды Bv (%), каменистости почвы (%) и др. На оси II установлена большая зависимость от общего количества извести в слоях Ah и Bv, pH в слоях Cv и Ah и угла откоса. Многообразие сортов растительности коррелировалось с градиентом pH (CaCO3 ), в то время как общее покрытие растительности коррелировалось с градиентом высоты. First Published Online: 14 Oct 2010 Reikšminiai žodžiai: Viduržemio jūros baseino miškai, kanoninio panašumo analizė, vegetacijos modelis, aplinkos veiksniai, įvairovė, Pinus brutia, Pinus nigra. Ключевые слова: леса бассейна Средиземного моря, анализ канонического подобия, модель вегетации, факторы окружающей среды, разнообразие, Pinus brutia, Pinus nigra..