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The fabrication of complete prosthodontics requires the choice of impression techniques and materials used. This is the most important step, it determines the final results.This choice is mainly made according to the anatomo-physiological conditions specific to each patient.The objective of this study is to compare the properties of the materials at our disposal in order to make the most judicious choice.Thus, at first, we will make anatomical reminders to state the various typologies possible then in a second time, we will compare the materials used for the primary imprints and their indications, then for the secondary ones and finally for the jaw relation records.Finally, we will see through a clinical case, the example of a procedure in application of the principles stated.; La confection des prothèses adjointes complètes nécessite des techniques d’empreinte et l’utilisation de matériaux appropriés pour chaque étape conditionnant les résultats finaux.Ce choix se fait principalement en fonction des conditions anatomo-physiologiques propres à chaque patient.L’objectif de cette thèse est de comparer les propriétés des matériaux à notre disposition afin de faire le choix le plus judicieux.Ainsi, dans un premier temps, nous ferons des rappels anatomiques pour énoncer les différentes typologies possibles puis dans un second temps, nous comparerons les matériaux utilisés pour les différentes empreintes et l’enregistrement de l’occlusion.Dans la dernière partie, nous verrons à travers un cas clinique, l’exemple d’une démarche opératoire en application des principes énoncés.

The extraction of mandibular third molars (3M) exposes the patients to a risk of injury the inferior alveolar nerve (IAN), hence there is the need for a preoperative radiographic examination. In some cases it could be necessary to prescribe a Cone Beam Computed Tomography (CBCT) which specifies the relation between IAN and 3M. A prospective study was carried out from december 2016 to september 2017 in the odontological service of La Timone hospital in Marseille, France. The aim of this study was to evaluate the professional practises for CBCT prescriptions before 3M extraction, and to compare the results of the observed anatomical relations for each imaging modalities. Study inclued 39 patients which represent 56 third molars. All CBCT was prescribed because there were a close relation between IAN and 3M on orthopantomogram (OPT) : contact in 28% of prescriptions and projection in 72%. When there was a contact, 46.2% of these cases were in contact on CBCT, from which pinched IAN were only 33.3%. When there was a projection, 81.8% of cases were in contact on CBCT, from which pinched IAN were 71.4%. Among 18.2% that were not in contact on CBCT, all had vestibular and round shape IAN.CBCT seems essential when projection of IAN is present on OPT. About radioprotection, all the exams seems justified, however if there is a contact it’s prescription seems not to be an obligation.; L’avulsion des troisièmes molaires (3M) mandibulaires expose le patient à un risque de lésion du nerf alvéolaire inférieur (NAI) ce qui justifie la prescription d’un examen radiographique pré-opératoire. Dans certains cas il peut être nécessaire de compléter cet examen par un Cone Beam Compted Tomography (CBCT) précisant le rapport avec NAI et 3M.Une étude prospective a été réalisée de décembre 2016 à septembre 2017 dans le service d’odontologie du CHU de la Timone à Marseille. Elle avait pour but l’évaluation des pratiques professionnelles lors de la prescription de CBCT pour l’examen des 3M avant avulsion, ainsi qu’une comparaison des rapports anatomiques observés sur l’orthopantomogramme (OPT) et sur le CBCT de ces mêmes cas. L’étude a inclus 39 patients correspondant à 56 3M. Tous les CBCT étaient prescrits car il existait un rapport anatomique étroit entre NAI et 3M sur l’OPT : contact dans 28% des prescriptions et projection dans 72%. Lorsqu’il y avait présence d’un contact ; 46,2% de ces cas présentaient un contact également sur le CBCT, dont seulement 33,3% d’entre eux avaient un NAI pincé. Lorsqu’il y avait présence d’une projection ; 81,8% des cas présentaient un contact sur le CBCT dont 71,4% des cas montraient un NAI pincé. Pour les 18,2% qui ne présentaient pas de contact sur le CBCT, la totalité de ces cas présentait un NAI en situation vestibulaire et non pincé.Le CBCT semble donc indispensable dès lors qu’il y a une projection du NAI et de la 3M sur l’OPT. Concernant la radioprotection l’ensemble de ces examens semblent justifiés, cependant lors d’un contact, sa prescription ne semble pas impérative.

The bonding knew a great evolution for some years, particularly thanks to the development of partial bonded restorations to eliminate technical challenges of direct restorations. In the past, adhesions values obtained for indirect restorations weren’t as elaborate as direct ones. An explanation for this is the qualitative difference of bonding surfaces. Actually, during the temporization step, dentin undergoes modifications and contaminations by temporary cements and bacterial micro-infiltration. Only freshly cut dentin is an ideal substrate. In the end of years 1990 appear the idea of sealing the dentin immediately after preparation. Immediate dentin sealing have many advantages, particularly biological and mechanical, but we will see also his limits. The first part outlines the interests of immediate dentin sealing. The second part shows his advantages and disadvantages and his indications. The third part illustrates this protocol with a clinical case.; Le collage a connu une grande évolution depuis quelques années, notamment avec le développement des restaurations partielles collées, qui permettent de s’affranchir des difficultés techniques de réalisation des restaurations directes. Par le passé, les valeurs d’adhésion obtenues pour les restaurations indirectes ne parvenaient pas à égaler celles des restaurations directes. Une explication à ce constat est, entre autre, la différence qualitative des surfaces de collage. En effet, pendant la phase de temporisation, la dentine subit des modifications et des contaminations par les ciments provisoires et la micro-infiltration bactérienne. Seule la dentine fraîchement coupée constitue un substrat idéal. À la fin des années 1990 est apparue l’idée de sceller immédiatement la dentine après la préparation. Ce scellement dentinaire immédiat présente de nombreux avantages, biologiques et mécaniques notamment, mais nous verrons qu’il a aussi ses limites. La première partie expose les intérêts du scellement dentinaire immédiat. La deuxième partie montre ses avantages et inconvénients ainsi que ses indications. La troisième partie illustre ce protocole par un cas clinique.

Limits and complications related to autologous bone grafts lead the searchers to improve new bone substitutes, mainly based on xenogenic or allogenic biomaterial. Novel technologies allow the preservation of the organic fraction of some xenogenic bone substitutes, particularly type I collagen, while eliminating its antigenic potential. The biologic properties of this protein improve graft osseointegration. Histological observations of the newly formed bone and clinical results obtained in comparison with collagen free bone substitutes have demonstrated excellent results. The first part of this work describes the collagen molecule, its synthesis and its functions. The second part is a review about bone substitute biomaterials and the emerging trends in their conception. The third part focuses on the role of collagen in bone substitutes as well as in bone regeneration.; Les limites de la greffe osseuse autogène, que ce soit au niveau de la quantité de tissu prélevé ou encore des complications liées à ce prélèvement dans un second site opératoire imposent aux chercheurs de découvrir une alternative réelle à l’autogreffe palliant ces problèmes. De nouvelles techniques de laboratoire permettent de conditionner le tissu osseux prélevé chez l’animal et de conserver la fraction organique, en particulier le collagène de type I, tout en éliminant le potentiel antigénique de celui-ci. Cette protéine possède des propriétés biologiques remarquables contribuant largement à l’intégration du greffon. Les observations histologiques de l’os néoformé et les résultats cliniques obtenus en comparaison avec des substituts osseux sans collagène ont démontré d’excellents résultats. La première partie décrit la molécule de collagène, sa synthèse et ses fonctions. La deuxième partie est un rappel sur les biomatériaux de substitution osseuse ainsi que les progrès réalisés dans leur conception. La troisième partie décrit le rôle du collagène dans les substituts osseux ainsi que dans la régénération osseuse.

Primary Failure of Eruption (PFE) is a genetic anomaly characterized by a tooth fail of eruption linked with a disorder of the biological mechanisms of eruption. The main clinical feature of this anomaly is an open-bite. Early clinical and radiological diagnostics are essential in order to choose appropriate treatment. Ideally it should be confirmed with a genetic analysis. Research has identified that an alteration of the PTHR1 gene was responsible for PFE however many discoveries have to be done about this subject. Most of the time, orthodontic treatment is not sufficient and must be associated with surgery to facilitate the movement of the affected teeth: osteotomy, corticotomy, luxation. Surgical and prosthetic solutions can also be proposed to restore esthetic and mastication functions.; Le Défaut Primaire d’Éruption (DPE) est une anomalie génétique correspondant à un échec de l’éruption d’une dent lié à une anomalie des mécanismes biologiques d’éruption. La caractéristique clinique principale de cette pathologie est une infraclusion des dents affectées. Les diagnostics clinique et radiologique précoces sont essentiels pour mettre en place la thérapeutique adaptée. Idéalement il est confirmé par une analyse génétique. La recherche a permis d’identifier qu’une altération du gène PTHR1 était responsable du DPE cependant il reste encore de nombreuses découvertes à faire sur le sujet. Une prise en charge orthodontique seule n’est souvent pas suffisante et doit s’accompagner d’une phase chirurgicale pour faciliter le déplacement des dents affectées : ostéotomies, corticotomies, luxations. Des solutions chirurgicales et prothétiques peuvent aussi permettre de restaurer les fonctions esthétiques et masticatoires.

International audience; Abstract Objectives This scoping review aimed to assess the current state of knowledge regarding the relationship between bruxism and changes in density or volume of mandibular bone, based on medical imaging. Methods Literature review was conducted following the PRISMA-ScR protocol. PubMed, Web of Science and Cochrane library databases were searched for peer-reviewed articles by two blinded reviewers. Studies based on the evaluation of mandibular bone density and/or bone volume with imaging examination in adult patients were examined. The selected articles were summarized in PICOS tables and assessed for methodological quality. Results Nine articles were included, according to the inclusion criteria. They showed that bruxer patients had more bony exostoses of the mandibular angle, smaller condyles, and morphological changes for cancellous and cortical mandibular bone compared to non-bruxer patients. Conclusion Bruxism seems to induce morphological and anatomical changes in the different regions of the mandibular bone (condyles, mandibular angle, mandible body). Given the heterogeneity of the included studies, these results should be interpreted with caution. Further studies are needed to support these results, in particular via the analysis of three-dimensional imaging to overcome the limitations of panoramic radiograph.

International audience; The virome of the human oral cavity and the relationships between viruses and diseases such as periodontitis are scarcely deciphered. Redondoviruses were reported in the human oral cavity in 2019, including in periodontitis patients. Here, we aimed at detecting redondoviruses and at searching for a potential viral host in human saliva. Non-stimulated saliva was collected between December 2020 and June 2021. These samples were tested using real-time PCR regarding the presence of redondovirus and Entamoeba gingivalis DNA. Similarity searches were performed using BLAST against eukaryotic and prokaryotic sequences from GenBank. The redondovirus DNA was detected in 46% of the 28 human saliva samples. In addition, short fragments of redondovirus genomes were detected in silico within Entamoeba sequences. Finally, Entamoeba gingivalis DNA was detected in 46% of the 28 saliva samples, with a strong correlation between redondovirus DNA and E. gingivalis DNA detections, in 93% of the cases. Regarded together, these findings and previous ones strongly support the presence of redondoviruses in the human oral cavity and their association to E. gingivalis as their likely host.

International audience; The estimation of a biological profile in biological anthropology is a central point inthe study of human remains. To specify this profile, the observation of variations, and patholo-gies on the skeleton is a tool that makes an individual unique. In this research, the focuswas on the distal part of the humerus. Through the study of five individuals from an osteo-archaeological collection, conformational anomalies of the medial epicondyle of the humeruswere highlighted. The aim is to describe them and to propose an etiology of appearance. Forthis purpose, observation of the rest of the skeleton was carried out, in order to search forthe presence of other variations, in particular anomalies of fusion of secondary ossificationcenters. Overall, a non-fusion of the medial epicondyle of the humerus, two fused medialmicro-epicondyles and two supplementary fusions were observed. These are very rare anoma-lies, with an estimated prevalence of 0.7%. Conformational abnormalities of this area can leadto pain. Therefore, medical imaging for diagnostic purposes may be available: useful data forantemortem documentation in case of a disturbing disappearance. Following the study of theentire skeleton, a common etiology for these different conformations cannot be proposed. How-ever, two categories of etiologies can be proposed: a congenital anomaly and a developmentalanomaly with an environmental influence (mechanical or deficiency). The new knowledge ofthis area will enrich the use of individualization factors, especially in the context of forensicanthropology.

International audience

The emerging coronavirus pneumonia epidemic caused by the SARS-CoV-2 infection has spread rapidly around the world. The main routes of transmission of SARS-CoV-2 are currently recognised as aerosol/droplet inhalation. However, the involvement of the oral cavity in coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) is poorly known. The current data indicates the presence of viral RNA in oral samples, suggesting the implication of saliva in SARS-CoV-2 transmission, however, no direct observation of SARS-CoV-2 particles in different oral samples has been reported. In this study, we investigated whether particles of SARS-CoV-2 were present in oral samples collected from three symptomatic COVID-19 patients. Using scanning electron microscopy (SEM), the correlative strategy of light microscopy and electron microscopy and immunofluorescence staining, we showed the presence of SARS-like particles in RT-qPCR SARS-CoV-2-positive saliva, dental plaque and gingival crevicular fluid (GCF) samples. In the saliva samples, we demonstrated the presence of epithelial oral cells with morphogenetic features of SARS-CoV-2 infected cells. Inside those cells, vacuoles filled with nascent particles were observed, suggesting the potential infection and replication of SARS-CoV-2 in oral tissues. Our results corroborate previous studies and confirm that the oral cavity may be a potential niche for SARS-CoV-2 infection and a potential source of transmission.

The mandible has various unnamed accessory foramina, and surgery is often performed in the symphyseal area. The aim of this study was to analyze the anatomical characteristics of mandibular lingual foramina with the objective of preventing clinical complications during implant surgery on an edentulous mandible.A total of 100 cone beam computed tomography scans of completely edentulous patients were included in this study. For each canal, nine measurements were recorded in millimeters: seven length or height measurements and two diameter measurements. The placement of a standard implant was simulated and whether the implant passed through the canal was noted. The results were analyzed by t-test and chi-squared at a significance level of 0.05. Pearson correlation analysis was used to assess the relationship between variables.We identified 309 foramina: 236 medial lingual foramina and 73 lateral lingual foramina. We found no significant relationship between the number of foramina and the age of the individuals, or between diameter and the age or gender of the individuals. The mandibular canal was injured in 32.7 % of implant placement simulations.The risk of injury to neurovascular bundles is increased in edentulous patients due to vertical bone resorption.

International audience

WOS:000812453100001; International audience; Telomeres are specialized non-coding DNA sequences located at the end of chromosomes and that protect genetic information. Telomere loss over lifespan is generally viewed as a phenomenon associated with aging in animals. Recently, telomere elongation after hibernation has been described in several mammals. Whether this pattern is an adaptation to repair DNA damage caused during rewarming from torpor or if it coevolved as a mechanism to promote somatic maintenance in preparation for the upcoming reproductive effort remains unclear. In a longitudinal study measuring telomere length using buccal swabs, we tested if telomere elongation was related to reproductive success in wild adult female Columbian ground squirrels (Urocitellus columbianus) that were monitored from emergence from hibernation to the end of the reproductive season. We found three key results. First, female telomere length increased at the start of the breeding season, both in breeding and non-breeding individuals. Second, post-emergence telomere lengthening was unrelated to female future reproductive output. Third, telomere length decreased in breeding females during lactation, but remained stable in non-breeding females over a similar period. Within breeders, telomeres shortened more in females producing larger and heavier litters. We concluded that telomere lengthening after hibernation did not constrain immediate female reproductive capacities. It was more likely to be part of the body recovery process that takes place after hibernation. Telomere erosion that occurs after birth may constitute a physiological cost of female reproduction.

International audience; The main goal of dental education is to develop health professionals who will maintain and improve the oral health of patients. This requires the quantitative and qualitative assessment of dental student activity. The aim of this work is to describe the ECHO information system that was developed at Timone Hospital (France) for the monitoring and evaluation of dental student activity and to present the results of a qualitative evaluation of student perceptions of this system. According to the analysis of the UML model of care-related procedures and data, the pre-existing process of student evaluation was characterized by redundancy between administrative and educational data. ECHO was developed in PHP/MySQL and designed to centralize the two types of data in a unified computerized process. The qualitative evaluation of dental student perceptions of ECHO was performed using an anonymous online Google Form questionnaire. Among the respondents (102/254 students), 96% stated that ECHO is easy to use, 86% that it saves time, and 81% that it gives them a better overview of their activity. After several years of use, ECHO has solved many of the difficulties related to the use of internship paper booklets, while also providing a documentary database of the activities of our dental department. The student activity data stored in ECHO are directly accessible by faculty members and can be reused to facilitate departmental management and research and to improve patient follow-up.

International audience; Dental caries management requires individualized follow-up and prophylaxis based on patients’ caries risk (PCR). In large pre-doctoral clinics, the use of institutional quality measures (QMs) is essential to control the quality of patient follow-up and to evaluate the need for improvement measures. The aim of this retrospective study was to evaluate the suitability of reusing student activity data for the development of QMs of caries risk. Two approaches for predicting PCR using student activity data were evaluated and compared. The first approach used the procedure codes recommended by the Dental Quality Alliance and the second used these same codes along with three educational codes. The sensitivity, specificity, overall accuracy of the two approaches were evaluated. A Receiver Operating Characteristic (ROC) curve analysis was carried out, and the areas under the ROC curve of the two approaches were compared using Delong’s test. A two-tailed P value ≤0.05 was considered statistically significant. While the two approaches were able to correctly predict PCR, the approach using both procedure and educational codes showed better predictive performance. The reuse of student activity data is an easy and robust method for the development of QMs of caries risk that can help improve monitoring and quality of patient care.

To assess the effect of surgical root coverage (RC) on dentin hypersensitivity (DH) associated with gingival recession.Two independent reviewers conducted electronic literature searches in MEDLINE (PubMed), EMBASE, Cochrane Library, Web Of Science, DentistryOral Sciences Source, ScienceDirect, and ClinicalTrials.gov databases as well as a manual search to identify eligible clinical studies from January 2000 to March 2022. Randomized controlled trials (RCTs) comparing two surgical RC techniques or a surgical RC technique with or without adjuvant were included. Meta-analyses were performed on data provided by RCTs.Thirteen RCTs with a total of 701 patients (1086 recessions) were included. The percentage of DH suppression was 70.8% (95% confidence interval [CI] [64.4-76.6]; ISuccess of surgical RC is associated with DH suppression.

International audience; The aim of this study was to assess on videographs the intra- and inter-rater reproducibility of the Smile Esthetic Index (SEI) that has been previously validated on photographs. Smile videographs were obtained using a smartphone associated with the Smile Lite MDP mounted on a tripod. They were then randomized and evaluated twice consecutively at a 1-week interval by three periodontists according to the SEI based on 10 variables. Cohen’s Kappa and Fleiss’ Kappa tests were performed to measure intra- and inter-rater agreement. Sixty-five smile videographs of 24 men and 41 women (mean age 33 ± 11.3 years) were scored. A mean intra-rater agreement of 0.68 (0.64–0.73) was obtained, representing substantial agreement. The inter-rater agreement calculated for each variable ranged from 0.31 for the variable “absence of visible excessive gingiva” to 0.90 for the variable “absence of diastema and/or missing inter-dental papilla.” Within the limits of this study, we have demonstrated that it was possible to use videographs to reproducibly evaluate an aesthetic score (SEI) previously validated on photographs.

International audience; Recent years have been marked by a paradigm shift in the study of the human microbiota, with a re-emergence of culture-dependent approaches. Numerous studies have been devoted to the human microbiota, while studies on the oral microbiota still remain limited. Indeed, various techniques described in the literature may enable an exhaustive study of the microbial composition of a complex ecosystem. In this article, we report different methodologies and culture media described in the literature that can be applied to study the oral microbiota by culture. We report on specific methodologies for targeted culture and specific culture techniques and selection methodologies for cultivating members of the three kingdoms of life commonly found in the human oral cavity, namely, eukaryota, bacteria and archaea. This bibliographic review aims to bring together the various techniques described in the literature, enabling a comprehensive study of the oral microbiota in order to demonstrate its involvement in oral health and diseases.

Beaucoup d’études en anthropologie biologique utilisent les variations asymptomatiques, aussi appelées caractères discrets, afin de proposer notamment des hypothèses sur les liens existant entre les individus et les populations. Dans cette étude, 94 variations asymptomatiques du squelette crânien, post-crânien et de la denture ont été sélectionnées, soit 198 caractères cotés, et un protocole inédit a été mis en place. Dans un but de standardisation, ce protocole a fait l’objet d’une étude de ...

International audience; Purpose : Mandibular arteriovenous malformations are rare congenital malformations which require multidisciplinary care. Implant-supported rehabilitation of significant bone defect after embolization and resection is poorly described in the literature. Clinical report : We present the case of a 24 year-old patient with a right sided mandibular arteriovenous malformations diagnosed after massive hemorrhage and treated by embolization and resection surgery. Implant rehabilitation was carried out 9 years later with a prior bone graft through iliac extraction and 3 short implants. The implant survival rate and patient satisfaction was evaluated at 3 years post-placement. Discussion : Arteriovenous malformations treatments frequently result in bone defects that are difficult to reconstruct because of probable unstable vascularization due to embolization. The presence of osteosynthesis material and artefacts at the radiological level complicates the implant planning due to the lack of visualization of the inferior alveolar nerve or artery and necessitates the placement of low height implants. Osteointegration in contact with embolization products should be monitored. The creation of a case series could be of interest in order to better understand implant treatment for patients with a history of arteriovenous malformations.

International audience; Objective: The aim of this study was to compare the perceived oral health of elderly persons and the clinical reality of their oral status.Background: Persons aged over 60 have considerable need for oral health care; a need that increases over time. However, this population appears to be unaware of their state of oral health, and this may be a further obstacle to professional management. We thought it useful to examine the objective and the perceived oral health of these patients. Understanding what may influence their perception can help us to improve their management.Methods: The data analyzed in this work are the findings of a field survey carried out in elderly nursing home residents. Their objective oral health was evaluated by using two variables: oral profile, determined by clinical examination, and the oral health index determined using the Oral Health Assessment Tool (OHAT). Perceived oral health was evaluated using the various categories and fields of the General Oral Health Assessment Index (GOHAI).Results: Our clinical study showed a discrepancy between perceived oral health and the clinical reality: although a significant association can be demonstrated between the OHAT and the GOHAI, there are considerable variations. It also appeared that the number of teeth and total edentation considerably influence perceived oral health and that findings vary according to different situations.Conclusion: Numerous factors influence elderly persons' perception of their true oral health. In order to improve our elders' quality of life, the necessary measures must be taken for the follow-up and regular monitoring of their oral health. At the same time, all possible means should be used and awareness should be raised to improve the health behavior and perception of patients and their entourage.

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WOS:000664869900003; Mangrove crabs are ecosystem engineers through their bioturbation activity. On Mayotte Island, the abundance of Neosarmatium africanum decreased in wastewater-impacted areas. Previous analyses showed that global crab metabolism is impacted by wastewater, with a burst in O-2 consumption that may be caused by osmo-respiratory trade-offs since gill functioning was impacted. As the hepatopancreas is a key metabolic organ, the purpose of this study was to investigate the physiological effects of wastewater and ammonia-N 5-h exposure on crabs to better understand the potential trade-offs underlying the global metabolic state. Catalase, superoxide dismutase, glutathione S-transferase, total digestive protease, and serine protease (trypsin and chymotrypsin) activities were assessed. Histological analyses were performed to determine structural modifications. No effect of short-term wastewater and ammonia-N exposure was found in antioxidant defenses or digestive enzyme activity. However, histological changes of B-cells indicate an increase in intracellular digestive activity through higher vacuolization processes and tubule dilation in wastewater-exposed crabs.

Although it is generally accepted that a prosthetic restoration must take into account the gingiva, smile, and patient's face, it is often difficult to determine precisely what facial references must be considered. The purpose of this study was to determine the correct vertical and horizontal facial reference planes in esthetic prosthetic treatment. Using photographic analysis of 160 individuals, the different facial reference planes (interpupillary, intermeatic, intercommissural, and incisal edge lines; facial midline; and Camper and Frankfort planes) were compared to the ideal prosthetic reconstruction axis. Additional measurements, including the human eye's ability to perceive parallelism, were recorded. Most participants (64%) exhibited facial asymmetry. Asymmetry was horizontal (difference between widths of the right and left sides; 52.4%), vertical (difference between heights of the right and left sides; 6.9%), or mixed (4.7%). The interpupillary line is the main horizontal reference in 88.4% of situations, with the intercommissural line the second most important. In the profile view, the horizontal plane was on average 6.5 degrees above the Camper plane and 9 degrees below the Frankfort plane. The human eye's ability to perceive parallelism between two lines was found to be limited to differences of approximately 1 degree. During anterior tooth reconstruction, it is necessary to take into account the right horizontal and vertical esthetic references. Knowledge of the biometric facial parameters in natural dentition is necessary to define the right reconstruction axes based on the facial symmetry or asymmetry.

Objectif. Chez les patients édentés complets, les réhabilitations implantaires impliquent souvent la partie médiane de la symphyse, que ce soit lors de la pose de 5 implants inter-foraminaux pour les réhabilitations fixes (protocole All-on-five) ou lors de la réalisation d’une PACSI sur un implant médian unique. L’objectif de cette étude était d’analyser, chez des patients édentés complets, les caractéristiques osseuses de la symphyse mandibulaire à l’aide de CBCT. Matériel et méthodes. 103 CBCT ont été analysés. Les patients inclus ne présentaient pas de pathologies affectant le métabolisme osseux et devaient être édentés depuis au moins 3 mois. Sur chaque coupe médiane de la symphyse, 13 mesures ont été effectuées : 9 mesuresde hauteur, largeur, épaisseur (en mm) et 4 mesures de densité (en unités Hounsfield, UH). Au niveau statistique, le test exact de Fischer, le coefficient de Pearson et le test de Student ont été utilisés. Pour tous les tests effectués, le seuil de significativité a été fixé à 5 %.Résultats. Concernant la moyenne de la hauteur totale de la symphyse et la distribution des classifications de Cawood et Howell, la répartition des hommes et des femmes différait considérablement (p = 0,004 ; p = 0,033). La hauteur symphysaire était négativement corrélée à la densité moyenne de l’os spongieux (r = 0,453, p < 0,001). L’épaisseur corticale linguale moyenne différait significativement de l’épaisseur vestibulaire moyenne (p < 0,001, test t de Student apparié). Conclusion. Les résultats soutiennent que les mesures symphysaires sont des paramètres qui reflètent les caractéristiques de l’os de symphyse et pourraient guider le praticien dans le choix de l’implant qui serait le plus adapté à sa chirurgie

With the arrival on the market of new all-ceramic implants such as the NobelPearl, and the growing demand from patients increasingly refusing metals in their prosthetic rehabilitation; we are entitled to question ourselves about these new products, on the alternative offered by zirconia on the issue of implantable materials, on the sustainability of this in the long term and the advantages announced compared to titanium which today remains the Gold Standard for oral implantology. In this thesis, we will focus our remarks in the first part on the study of this zirconia as well as its behavior in the biological medium in the more or less long term, before in a second part to focus on NobelPearl, a 2-piece zirconia implant, newcomer to the ceramic implantology market.; Avec l’arrivé sur le marché de nouveaux implants tout céramique comme le NobelPearl, et la demande grandissante d’une patientèle refusant de plus en plus les métaux dans leur réhabilitation prothétique ; nous sommes en droit de nous questionner vis-à-vis de ces nouveaux produits, sur l’alternative que propose la zircone sur la question des matériaux implantables, sur la pérennité de celle-ci à long terme et les avantages annoncés face au titane qui reste aujourd’hui le Gold Standard en matière d’implantologie orale. Dans cette thèse, nous orienterons notre propos dans une première partie sur l’étude de cette zircone ainsi que son comportement dans le milieu biologique à plus ou moins long terme, avant dans une deuxième partie de nous intéresser au NobelPearl, implant zircone 2 pièces, nouvel arrivant sur le marché de l’implantologie céramique.

Rehabilitation of completely edentulous patients with implant-supported prosthesis is a part of the therapeutic arsenal in dentistry. The immediate loading protocol is chosen to reduce treatment times, simplify treatment procedures in order to increase patient comfort and satisfaction in maintaining long-term predictability of treatment results. Currently, immediate loading implant success rates are similar to those achieved by early/conventional loading protocol. This work focuses on the criteria for choosing immediate loading or early/conventional loading of implant-supported prosthesis on completely edentulous patients by evaluating the success rate, the criteria of therapeutic success as well as the risk factors and the precautions. Successful treatment results from careful patient selection, correct diagnosis, treatment planning, design of implants and prosthesis. The implant treatment can significantly improve the quality of life of completely edentulous patient whether the prothesis is removable or fixed. The immediate loading protocol should be preferred if all conditions are met.; La réhabilitation par prothèse implanto-portée chez l’édenté complet fait aujourd’hui partie de l’arsenal thérapeutique du chirurgien-dentiste. Le concept mise en charge immédiate (MCI) est choisi pour réduire les temps de traitement, simplifier les procédures de traitement afin d'augmenter le confort des patients et leur satisfaction tout en maintenant la prévisibilité à long terme des résultats du traitement. Les taux de succès implantaires de MCI sont actuellement semblables à ceux obtenus par les méthodes conventionnelles de mise en charge différée (MCD). Ce travail porte sur l’étude des critères de choix de MCI et MCD des grandes reconstructions implanto-portées chez l’édenté complet en évaluant le taux de réussite, l’analyse des critères de succès thérapeutiques ainsi que des facteurs de risques et des précautions. Le traitement réussi résulte de la sélection soigneuse du patient, du diagnostic correct, de la planification du traitement en tenant compte des principaux problèmes du patient, et de la conception des implants et des prothèses dont les preuves scientifiques démontrent qu’elle peut significativement améliorer la qualité de vie du patient édenté que la restauration soit amovible ou fixe. Le protocole MCI doit être préféré si toutes les conditions sont réunies.

Nature Communications 12(1), 5363 (2021). doi:10.1038/s41467-021-25714-0, Published by Nature Publishing Group UK, [London]

International audience

International audience

International audience; In this paper, we report the first synthesis and characterisations of bimetallic gold(I)–silver(I) calix[8]arene complexes. We show that the radiolytic reduction of these complexes leads to the formation of small bimetallic nanoparticles with an alloyed structure, as evidenced by XPS, HR-TEM and STEM/HAADF-EDX measurements.

The preservation of pulp vitality must be a concern of every dental surgeon on a daily basis to maintain a tooth on the arcade. Today modern dentistry is evolving, techniques are developing, new biomaterials are emerging, and we can see that root canal treatment is not, in finality, the systematic treatment to be carried out during a pulp exposure. The problem in our practice is note to make the right diagnosis or not, but above all to make the right therapeutic decision and for the right reasons. The definitive cameral pulpotomy, corresponding to the removal of the coronary pulp from a tooth, is a pulpo-dentinary treatment decision that we possess in our therapeutic arsenal. We will show its indications, the decision criteria that lead us to choose this treatment at the expense of another, as well as its implementation protocol. We will then describe the biomaterials used in this treatment. Finally, though very recent literature reviews, we will try to show the successes of this treatment but also its limitations.; La préservation de la vitalité pulpaire doit être une préoccupation de tout chirurgien-dentiste au quotidien pour maintenir de façon pérenne une dent sur l’arcade. Aujourd’hui la dentisterie moderne évolue, les techniques se développent, de nouveaux biomatériaux apparaissent et on s’aperçoit que le traitement canalaire n’est pas, en finalité, le traitement systématique à réaliser lors d’une exposition pulpaire. Le problème dans notre pratique, ce n’est pas de réaliser ou pas le bon diagnostic mais c’est surtout de prendre la bonne décision thérapeutique et pour de bonnes raisons. La pulpotomie camérale définitive, correspondant à l’éviction de la pulpe coronaire d’une dent, est une décision de traitement pulpo-dentinaire que nous possédons dans notre arsenal thérapeutique. Nous montrerons dans cette thèse ses indications, les critères de décision qui nous poussent à choisir ce traitement au détriment d’un autre, ainsi que son protocole de mise en œuvre. Par la suite, nous décrirons les biomatériaux utilisés dans le cadre de ce traitement. Enfin, au travers de revues de littératures très récentes, nous essaierons de montrer les réussites de ce traitement mais aussi ses limites.

Aim The aim of the present study was to assess the feasibility and diagnostic contribution of protein profiling using MALDI-TOF mass spectrometry applied to saliva, gingival crevicular fluid (GCF) and dental plaque from periodontitis and healthy subjects. We hypothesized that rapid routine and blinded MALDI-TOF analysis could accurately classify these three types of samples according to periodontal state. Materials and methods Unstimulated saliva, GCF and dental plaque, collected from periodontitis subjects and healthy controls, were analyzed by MALDI-TOF MS. Based on the differentially expressed peaks between the two groups, diagnostic decision trees were built for each sample. Results Among 141 patients (67 periodontitis and 74 healthy controls), the decision trees diagnosed periodontitis with a sensitivity = 70.3% (± 0.211) and a specificity = 77.8% (± 0.165) for saliva, a sensitivity = 79.6% (± 0.188) and a specificity = 75.7% (± 0.195) for GCF, and a sensitivity = 72.1% (± 0.202) and a specificity = 72.2% (± 0.195) for dental plaque. The sensitivity and specificity of the tests were improved to 100% (CI 95% = [0.91;1]) and 100% (CI 95% = [0.92;1]), respectively, when two samples were tested. Conclusion We developed, for the first time, diagnostic tests based on protein profiles of saliva, GCF and dental plaque between periodontitis patients and healthy subjects. When at least 2 of these samples were tested, the best results were obtained.

Due to the advent of bonding and dentists’ awareness of the principle of tissue economy, indirect bonded partial restorations occupy a major place in the practice of modern dentists.Many biomaterials intended for this use are available today, this work aims to give the clinician elements to guide the choice during clinical exercise. To do this, some essential reminders on the properties of dental tissues are discussed in the first part, then the reading of articles allowed to comment on the characteristic properties of different materials as well as their success rate in vivo and the main causes of failure. Even if it is still difficult to assert a frank superiority of a material for all clinical situations, overall vitreous ceramics obtain good long-term results.The most recent research gives hope for the advent of new biomaterials reaching a higher level of biomimicry.; De par l’avènement du collage et la sensibilisation des praticiens au principe d’économie tissulaire, les restaurations partielles indirectes collées occupent une place majeure dans la pratique de l’odontologiste moderne. De nombreux biomatériaux destinés à cet usage sont aujourd’hui disponibles, ce travail vise à donner au clinicien des éléments afin de guider le choix lors de l’exercice clinique. Pour ce faire quelques rappels essentiels sur les propriétés des tissus dentaires sont abordés dans une première partie, puis la lecture d’articles a permis de commenter les propriétés caractéristiques des différents matériaux ainsi que leur taux de succès in vivo et les principales causes d’échec. Même s’il est encore difficile d’affirmer une supériorité franche d’un matériau pour toutes les situations cliniques, globalement les céramiques vitreuses obtiennent de bons résultats à long termes. Les plus récentes recherches laissent présager l’avènement de nouveaux biomatériaux atteignant un niveau supérieur de bio mimétisme.

Adhesive dentistry has experienced remarkable and constant progress in recent decades, and has undoubtedly revolutionized restorative dental practice. Dental adhesives have developed in correlation with dental composites. The objective of this thesis is the use of universal adhesives in general practice ; from review of the scientific literature. The different universal adhesives and their main characteristics are listed between the products although there is a great diversity. During this study we are particularly interested in 10-MDP, an essential component in this new class of adhesives. Solutions improving performance are possible: such as adding a layer of hydrophobic resin or fluid composite to avoid degradation. And finally we will observe through in-vitro testing and clinical studies, performance on dentin and enamel as well as on different substrates.; La dentisterie adhésive a connu des progrès remarquables et constants au cours des dernières décennies, et a sans aucun doute révolutionné la pratique dentaire restauratrice. Les adhésifs dentaires se sont développés en corrélation avec les composites dentaires. L’objectif de cette thèse est l’utilisation des adhésifs universels en omnipratique ; à partir d’une revue de la littérature scientifique. Les différents adhésifs universels et leurs principales caractéristiques sont répertoriés entre les produits bien qu’il existe une importante diversité. Au cours de cette étude nous nous intéressons plus particulièrement au 10-MDP, un composant essentiel à cette nouvelle classe d’adhésifs. Des solutions améliorant les performances sont possible : comme l’ajout d’une couche de résine hydrophobe ou de composite fluide pour éviter les dégradations. Et dans un dernier temps on observera par l’intermédiaire de test in-vitro et d’études cliniques, les performances sur la dentine et l’émail ainsi que sur différents substrats.

Maxillary lateral incisor agenesis is common in the population and presents the hard challenge of aesthetic and biological integration in terms of prosthetic. While implantology remains a solution of choice in lateral incisor agenesis treatment, it has many medical and surgical contraindications. Furthermore, the balance between benefit, risk and cost seems to shitf towards a new alternative, glass-ceramic cantilever resin-bonded bridge. Recent clinical studies suggest and scientifically validate the use of this treatment.In this work, we will be seeing therapeutic alternatives, resin-bonded bridge history, the various types of ceramics, especially the use of lithium disilicate-enriched glass-ceramics and cantilever resin-bonded bridge’s characteristics: benefits, preparing the abutment tooth and bonding protocol. We will illustrate our work with clinical cases.; L’agénésie de l’incisive latérale maxillaire est fréquemment rencontrée dans la population, elle pose le difficile challenge de l’intégration esthétique et biologique au niveau prothétique. Si l’implantologie reste une solution de choix dans le traitement de l’agénésie de l’incisive latérale, elle présente de nombreuses contre-indications médicales et chirurgicales. De plus, la balance bénéfice/risque/coût semble s’orienter vers une nouvelle alternative, le bridge collé cantilever en vitrocéramique. Des études récentes proposent et valident scientifiquement le recours à cette thérapeutique. Nous nous intéresserons dans ce travail aux solutions thérapeutiques possibles, à l’histoire du bridge collé, aux différents types de céramiques particulièrement à l’utilisation de la vitrocéramique enrichie au disilicate de lithium, et aux spécificités du bridge collé cantilever : ses avantages, la préparation de la dent pilier et le protocole de collage. Nous illustrerons notre propos par des cas cliniques.

The development of laser technology and its increasing use in oral implantology suggests a modern approach to implant practice, complementing conventional techniques and instrumentations. The heterogeneity of indications and scientific papers on this technology justified taking stock of several clinical issues. This work thus first exposes the major physical phenomena expressed in laser technology, and then proposes a systematic review of the literature answering 6 questions: (1) In which indications and for which benefits should the laser be used in pre-implant surgery? ; (2) During the first implant phase? ; (3) During the second implant phase ? ; (4) What are the effects of low level laser therapy on bone neoformation? ; (5) On implant stabilit? ; And finally, (6) Is the laser an effective tool in the treatment of peri-implantitis?; Le développement de la technologie laser et son utilisation croissante en implantologie orale, suggère une approche moderne de la pratique implantaire, en complément des techniques et instrumentations conventionnelles. L’hétérogénéité des indications et des travaux scientifiques à propos de cette technologie justifiait de faire le point sur plusieurs questions d’ordre clinique. Ce travail expose ainsi en premier lieu les grands phénomènes physiques exprimés dans la technologie laser, puis dans un second temps, propose une revue systématique de la littérature répondant à 6 problématiques : (1) Dans quelles indications et pour quels bénéfices utiliser le laser en chirurgie pré-implantaire ? ; (2) Pendant la première phase implantaire ? ; (3) Pendant la deuxième phase implantaire ? ; (4) Quels sont les effets de la photothérapie de faible intensité sur la néoformation osseuse ? ; (5) Sur la stabilité implantaire ? ; Et enfin, (6) Le laser est-il un outil efficace dans le traitement des péri-implantites ?

Maxillary lateral incisor agenesis is common in the population and presents the hard challenge of aesthetic and biological integration in terms of prosthetic. While implantology remains a solution of choice in lateral incisor agenesis treatment, it has many medical and surgical contraindications. Furthermore, the balance between benefit, risk and cost seems to shitf towards a new alternative, glass-ceramic cantilever resin-bonded bridge. Recent clinical studies suggest and scientifically validate the use of this treatment.In this work, we will be seeing therapeutic alternatives, resin-bonded bridge history, the various types of ceramics, especially the use of lithium disilicate-enriched glass-ceramics and cantilever resin-bonded bridge’s characteristics: benefits, preparing the abutment tooth and bonding protocol. We will illustrate our work with clinical cases.; L’agénésie de l’incisive latérale maxillaire est fréquemment rencontrée dans la population, elle pose le difficile challenge de l’intégration esthétique et biologique au niveau prothétique. Si l’implantologie reste une solution de choix dans le traitement de l’agénésie de l’incisive latérale, elle présente de nombreuses contre-indications médicales et chirurgicales. De plus, la balance bénéfice/risque/coût semble s’orienter vers une nouvelle alternative, le bridge collé cantilever en vitrocéramique. Des études récentes proposent et valident scientifiquement le recours à cette thérapeutique. Nous nous intéresserons dans ce travail aux solutions thérapeutiques possibles, à l’histoire du bridge collé, aux différents types de céramiques particulièrement à l’utilisation de la vitrocéramique enrichie au disilicate de lithium, et aux spécificités du bridge collé cantilever : ses avantages, la préparation de la dent pilier et le protocole de collage. Nous illustrerons notre propos par des cas cliniques.

Maxillary osteoradionecrosis is a severe complication of radiotherapy used in the treatment of the head and neck malignant tumors. Osteoradionecrosis was first described in 1922 by Regaud, however its pathophysiology is still poorly understood and there is no specific protocol for its management although several theories have been proposed. The theory of radiation-induced fibrosis developed by Delanian allows the use of a drug protocol composed of pentoxyfillin, tocopherol and clodronate, called Pentoclo. The antioxidant action of Pentoclo allows both an improvement in the conservative management of the pathology and is effective as an adjuvant treatment to surgical management. The complexity of care lies in the decision to undertake radical treatment at the right time when it is necessary so as not to waste time for the patient, given the severity of osteoradionecrosis and its impact on its quality of life.; L'ostéoradionécrose des maxillaires est une complication sévère de la radiothérapie utilisée dans le traitement des tumeurs malignes de la tête et du cou. L'ostéoradionécrose a été décrite pour la première fois en 1922 par Regaud, cependant sa physiopathologie reste encore mal connue et il n'existe pas de protocole précis pour sa prise en charge bien que plusieurs théories aient été proposées. La théorie de la fibrose radio-induite développée par Delanian permet l'utilisation d'un protocole médicamenteux composé de pentoxyfilline, tocophérol et clodronate, nommé Pentoclo. L'action anti oxydante du Pentoclo permet à la fois une amélioration dans la prise en charge conservatrice de la pathologie et se révèle efficace en tant que traitement adjuvant dans la prise en charge chirurgicale. La complexité de la prise en charge réside dans la décision d'entreprendre le traitement radical au bon moment quand celui-ci est nécessaire afin de ne pas perdre de temps pour le patient étant donné la gravité de l’ostéoradionécrose et son retentissant sur sa qualité de vie.

Head and neck cancers are a public health issue in France with 16,000 new cases per year. Radiotherapy in combination with surgery is the typical treatment for head and neck cancer patients. However, the use of radiation induces early or late side effects in the cervico-facial area. After a recall on head and neck cancers, we will study the use of radiotherapy and induced oral complications. Then, strategies for the prevention and management of complications in patients irradiated by the dental surgeon will be exposed. We will finally present the results within a year of a prospective study (Pr A. Raskin), which consists in assessing the adherence to treatment and the evolution of the oral condition of patients with head and neck cancer.; Les cancers des Voies Aéro-Digestives Supérieures (VADS) représentent en France un enjeu de santé publique, avec 16 000 nouveaux cas par an. La prise en charge de ces cancers repose en majorité sur une association chirurgie et radiothérapie. Or, le recours à la radiothérapie induit l’apparition d’effets secondaires précoces ou tardifs au niveau du territoire cervico-facial. Après un rappel sur les cancers des VADS, nous étudierons le recours à la radiothérapie et les complications bucco-dentaires induites. Enfin, les stratégies de prévention et de gestion des complications chez les patients irradiés par le chirurgien-dentiste seront exposées. Puis nous présenterons les résultats à un an d’une étude prospective (Pr A. Raskin), qui consiste en l’évaluation de l’observance des traitements et de l’évolution de l’état bucco-dentaire des patients atteints d’un cancer des VADS.

Since the rise of composite resines in restorative dentistry, posteriors’ teeth occlusal-proximal cavities have been a real challenge. Dr BLACK’s vision based on mechanical retention of dental amalgam has shown to be incompatible with the concept of adhesive dentistry. Therefore, many dental surgeons have tried to come up with new techniques in order to get better longevity results and to increase the sustainability of the restaured tooth within the dental arch. Today, Dr CLARK’s injection molding technique claims to be the technique that uses at its best composite resines and that thanks to new forms of cavities based on modified BLACK’s class II, resolves the problems caused by the former now osbolete concept.; Depuis l’essor des résines composites en odontologie restauratrice, les cavités occluso-proximales des dents postérieures constituent un véritable défi. Les préceptes du Dr BLACK, basés sur la rétention de l’amalgame, se sont montrés incompatibles avec la notion de dentisterie adhésive. De ce fait, de nombreux chirurgiens-dentistes ont tenté d’élaborer de nouvelles techniques afin que la restauration de ces cavités connaisse de meilleurs résultats en matière de longévité, et ce, afin de prolonger la pérennité de la dent restaurée sur l’arcade dentaire.Aujourd’hui, la technique de moulage par injection, proposée par le Dr CLARK, se targue d’être la technique qui permet l’utilisation des résines composites au mieux de leurs capacités, et qui, par un tout nouveau concept de formes de cavités de classe II de BLACK modifiées, résout les problèmes engendrés par cet ancien concept désormais désuet.

Adhesive dentistry drive more and more practitioners to develop conservative restorative techniques by using partial restorations (No-prep Veeners, Veeners, Inlay Onlay, Overlay, Veenerlay, Table Top), responding to the principle of tissue conservation. Prothesis crafting in laboratory provides esthetics and biomecanics reliable pieces. The manufacturing materials used for each of these prosthetic parts will depend on the clinical situation encountered and on the patient’s request. Adhesive luting procedure may seem to be difficult because of the variety of bonding materials available on the market. The aim of this study is to describe the different partial restorations as well as their ideal manufacturing material, to highlight the best ways to optimize bonding, and to systematize adhesive luting protocols adapted to the most encountered clinical situations, which must be subjected to the critical judgment of the practitioner.; La dentisterie adhésive amène de plus en plus les praticiens à développer des techniques de restauration dentaire conservatrices en faisant appel à des pièces de restauration partielles (Chips, Facettes, Inlay, Onlay, Overlay, Veenerlay, Table Top) répondant au principe d’économie tissulaire. La fabrication au laboratoire de prothèse (par technique indirecte) permet d’obtenir des pièces fiables au niveau esthétique et biomécanique. Le matériau de fabrication de chacune de ces pièces prothétiques sera fonction de la situation clinique rencontrée et de la demande du patient. La procédure d’assemblage peut sembler complexe étant donné la variété de matériaux de collage présents sur le marché. L’objectif de cette thèse est donc de décrire les différentes restaurations partielles ainsi que leur matériau de fabrication idéal, de mettre en évidence les moyens d’optimiser leur collage, et de systématiser au mieux des protocoles d’assemblage adaptés à certaines situations cliniques régulièrement rencontrées, devant systématiquement être soumis au jugement critique du praticien.

Regarding aesthetical treatments, the main goal of practitioners is to answer to the patient's demands. Literature gives us a framework for reconstructions that has to be adapted for every patients. Facing increasingly demanding and informed patients, it becomes necessary to improve our procedures for the benefit of less invasive dentistry. Modern dentistry aesthetic principles are bases on analysis, diagnosis and rigorous planification. Today the conventional technic based on analog protocol and clinically verified can reach this goal. The digitalization phenomenon concern all the activites and odontostomatology is not spared. However, digital transformation is still constraint by the cost of investments or the lack of formation. Digitalization provides new answers for analysis, diagnosis and planification, in accordance with modern odontologic requirements.; En matière d’esthétique, l'objectif principal du praticien est de combler les exigences du patient. La littérature donne un cadre à nos reconstructions qu’il convient d’adapter à chaque patient. Face à une patientèle toujours plus exigeante et informée, il est impératif de fiabiliser nos procédures, tout en favorisant une démarche la moins invasive possible. Cette approche moderne repose sur une analyse diagnostique précise et une planification rigoureuse de la thérapeutique. Aujourd’hui, les techniques conventionnelles dites analogiques, qui bénéficient d’un recul clinique satisfaisant, nous permettent d’atteindre ces objectifs. La digitalisation étant un phénomène global, elle n’épargne pas le monde de l’odontologie. Même si elle se heurte encore à quelques freins, tels que le coût du matériel ou le manque de formation initiale. Les outils numériques permettent d’élargir et d’affiner considérablement les possibilités d’analyse, de diagnostic et de planification, répondant ainsi aux exigences odontologiques modernes.

The placement of an implant is nowadays a common act of the dental surgeon. This pose depends on several factors and in particular those that are called external to the implant: age, sex, tobacco, diabetes, affections of bone turnover for general parameters. Bone density and layout for local parameters. Sustainability also depends on technical parameters such as the technology used, the surgical technique and the implant itself: the materials used, the shape, the different types of connection and certain terms will be reviewed. A retrospective study makes it possible to study the 5-year survival rate of the In-Kone implant on 1,788 implants placed on a total of 459 patients. The criteria set out above have been compiled and analyzed to calculate an odds ratio which defines a chance of survival for the implant as well as to highlight certain factors influencing this survival rate. Means exist to push this implant sustainability to the climax before, during and after placement: new technologies and disciplined maintenance on the part of the implantologist, the dentist taking charge of the prosthesis, and the patient taking care of the oral hygiene. These different solutions must be implemented to avoid peri-implant diseases such as mucositis or peri-implantitis.; La pose d’un implant est de nos jours un acte commun du chirurgien-dentiste. Cette pose dépend de plusieurs facteurs et notamment ceux que l’on appelle externe à l’implant : âge, sexe, tabac, diabète, affections du turn-over osseux pour les paramètres généraux. Densité osseuse et aménagement pour les paramètres locaux. La pérennité dépend aussi de paramètres techniques comme la technologie utilisée, la technique chirurgicale et l’implant lui-même : les matériaux utilisés, la forme, les différents types de connexion ainsi que certains termes seront revus. Une étude rétrospective permet d’étudier le taux de survie à 5 ans de l’implant In-Kone sur 1788 implants posés sur un total de 459 patients. Les critères énoncés précédemment ont été compilés et analysé pour en calculer un odds ratio qui définit une chance de survie de l’implant ainsi que de mettre en exergue certains facteurs influençant ce taux de survie. Des moyens existent pour pousser au paroxysme cette pérennité implantaire avant, pendant et après la pose : nouvelles technologies et une maintenance disciplinée de la part de l’implantologiste, du chirurgien-dentiste prenant en charge la prothèse, et du patient s’occupant de l’hygiène-buccodentaire. Ces différentes solutions doivent être mises en place pour éviter les maladies péri-implantaires comme les mucosites ou les péri-implantites.

Methanogen cultures require hydrogen produced by fermentative bacteria such asBacteroides thetaiotaomicron(biological method). We developed an alternative method for hydrogen production using iron filings and acetic acid with the aim of cultivating methanogens more efficiently and more quickly (chemical method). We developed this new method with a reference strain ofMethanobrevibacter oralis, compared the method to the biological reference method with a reference strain ofMethanobrevibacter smithiiand finally applied the method to 50 saliva samples. Methanogen colonies counted using ImageJ software were identified using epifluorescence optical microscopy, real-time PCR and PCR sequencing. For cultures containing the pure strains ofM. oralisandM. smithii, colonies appeared three days postinoculation with the chemical method versus nine days with the biological method. The average number ofM. smithiicolonies was significantly higher with the chemical method than with the biological method. There was no difference in the delay of observation of the first colonies in the saliva samples between the two methods. However, the average number of colonies was significantly higher when using the biological method than when using the chemical method at six days and nine days postinoculation (Student’s test, p = 0.005 and p = 0.04, respectively). The chemical method made it possible to isolate four strains ofM. oralisand three strains ofM. smithiifrom the 50 saliva samples. Establishing the chemical method will ease the routine isolation and culture of methanogens.

Ancient Egypt’s fascination with the contemporary world has been growing ever since the birth of the egyptology and the archaeological discoveries that accompany it. Indeed, this great civilization stands out for its exceptional lifespan and its ingenuity, its modern lifestyle and its surprisingly advanced scientific knowledge. Notably, the various medical fields all have their experts, rigorously trained to ensure the best possible cares. In oral medicine, as in other medical specialties, ancient Egyptians have tried to diagnose, treat and prevent diseases by associating their religious beliefs with their scientific and technical knowledge. The paleopathological analysis of the recovered skulls and the examination of the papyrus allow us today to glimpse how the ancient Egyptians took care of their teeth.; La fascination exercée par l’Egypte ancienne sur le monde contemporain ne cesse de grandir depuis la naissance de l’égyptologie et les découvertes archéologiques qui l’accompagnent. En effet, cette grande civilisation se démarque tant par son exceptionnelle longévité que par son ingéniosité, son mode de vie évolué et ses connaissances scientifiques étonnamment poussées. Les différents domaines médicaux, notamment, ont chacun leurs experts, rigoureusement formés pour assurer les meilleurs soins possibles. En médecine bucco-dentaire, comme dans les autres spécialités médicales, les anciens égyptiens ont tenté de diagnostiquer, soigner et prévenir les maladies bucco-dentaires en associant leurs croyances religieuses à leur savoir scientifique et technique. L’analyse paléopathologique de crânes retrouvés et l’examen des papyrus nous permettent aujourd’hui d’entrevoir la façon dont les anciens Egyptiens prenaient soin de leurs dents.

Today there are many prosthetic treatment options available to practitioners that differ both in the choice of materials available, the shaping process and the expected results. In this context, monolithic zirconia prosthetic reconstructions seem to occupy an increasingly important place due to their durability and versatility and the number of indications is increasing. This is linked to the considerable progress of the material in many aspects, particularly aesthetics with 2nd and 3rd generation zirconia. The success of this type of reconstitution remains, however, linked to the respect of the procedures and the knowledge of the material, its shaping and these indications by the pair of practitioner and laboratory technician. Under these conditions, if lithium disilicate remains the preferred material for anterior single restorations and small anterior bridges when aesthetic is desired, zirconia is the material of choice for posterior and plural single restorations.; Aujourd’hui il existe de nombreuses possibilités de traitement prothétique à disposition des praticiens qui diffèrent tant par le choix des matériaux disponibles, que par le procédé de mise en forme ou les résultats attendus. Dans ce contexte, les reconstitutions prothétiques monolithiques en zircone semblent occuper une place de plus en plus importante du fait de leur pérennité et de leur polyvalence, et les indications se multiplient. Ceci est lié aux progrès considérables du matériau sur de nombreux aspects, notamment esthétiques avec les zircones de 2ème et 3ème génération. La réussite de ce type de reconstitution reste toutefois liée au respect des procédures et à la connaissance du matériau, de sa mise en forme et de ses indications par le binôme praticien-technicien de laboratoire. Dans ces conditions, si le disilicate de lithium reste le matériau de prédilection pour des restaurations unitaires antérieures et les petits bridges antérieurs lorsque l’on souhaite privilégier l’esthétique, la zircone est le matériau de choix pour les restaurations unitaires postérieures et plurales.

Place: Amsterdam Publisher: Elsevier WOS:000509631400010; International audience; Mangroves are tidal wetlands that are often under strong anthropogenic pressures, despite the numerous ecosystem services they provide. Pollution from urban runoffs is one such threats, yet some mangroves are used as a bioremediation tool for wastewater (WW) treatment. This practice can impact mangrove crabs, which are key engineer species of the ecosystem. Using an experimental area with controlled WW releases, this study aimed to determine from an ecological and ecotoxicological perspective, the effects of WW on the red mangrove crab Neosarmatium africanum. Burrow density and salinity levels (used as a proxy of WW dispersion) were recorded, and a 3-week caging experiment was performed. Hemolymph osmolality, gill Na+/K+-ATPase (NKA) activity and gill redox balance were assessed in anterior and posterior gills of N. africanum. Burrow density decreased according to salinity decreases around the discharged area. Crabs from the impacted area had a lower osmoregulatory capacity despite gill NKA activity remaining undisturbed. The decrease of the superoxide dismutase activity indicates changes in redox metabolism. However, both catalase activity and oxidative damage remained unchanged in both areas but were higher in posterior gills. These results indicate that WW release may induce osmoregulatory and redox imbalances, potentially explaining the decrease in crab density. Based on these results we conclude that WW release should be carefully monitored as crabs are key players involved in the bioremediation process.

L’epidemie au Coronavirus SARS-CoV-2 (maladie COVID-19) a debute en decembre 2019 en Chine, puis a progresse tres rapidement en France. Elle a eu pour consequences la mise en place de mesures nationales telles que le confinement de la population, mais aussi une desorganisation du systeme de sante et notamment concernant les soins bucco-dentaires. Ceux-ci sont, en effet, generateurs d’aerosols qui peuvent etre charges en particules virales, et constituer a ce titre une voie de contamination majeure par le virus. A la demande de la Conference des Doyens des Facultes d’Odontologie, le College National des Chirurgiens-Dentistes Universitaires en Sante Publique (CNCDUSP) a constitue un groupe de travail, afin d’emettre des recommandations pour les soins bucco-dentaires dans le contexte d’epidemie au COVID-19, au vu des risques specifiques auxquels les praticiens sont confrontes. Eu egard a la meconnaissance des specificites de la pratique de la chirurgie dentaire dans le monde medical et aupres des decideurs, et compte tenu de la rapidite de la mise en place des mesures nationales de lutte contre l’epidemie, les recommandations du CNCDUSP ont du etre elaborees rigoureusement et rapidement avant de pouvoir etre diffusees a la profession. Elles tiennent compte des donnees epidemiologiques liees au virus, des specificites des soins bucco-dentaires, et proposent ainsi des mesures de protection pour les professionnels de la chirurgie dentaire.L’adaptation necessaire de l’offre de soins en periode d’epidemie permettra certainement de tirer des enseignements de cette crise sanitaire.