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Trypanosomosis is an important disease of dromedary camels caused by the pathogenic protozoan Trypanosoma evansi. This study aimed to compare three different tests for its diagnosis in this species: conventional microscopy, the card agglutination test for trypanosomosis/T. evansi (CATT/T. evansi) and real-time PCR.

Globalization and technological innovation have increased demands on the education system to prepare students for success in an increasingly complex world. This exploratory sequential mixed-methods study created spaces for English language teachers to accentuate their voices with regard to "21st century skills" as recently introduced in the United Arab Emirates educational reform. In addition, it mirrored the encountered challenges while incorporating these skills into current instructional practices within the context of the United Arab Emirates. The study's findings revealed that most English language teachers possess an adequate awareness of 21st century skills and incorporate them into their teaching practices. In addition, qualitative and quantitative data indicated that teachers recognize the importance of practicing 21st century skills to stimulate students' engagement and improve their academic achievement. However, the mixed-methods results revealed that teachers encounter challenges while integrating 21st century skills into daily teaching: lack of necessary knowledge on how to teach specific 21st century skills, lack of time, lack of teacher collegiality, lack of robust professional development workshops, and increased paper accountability. Moreover, external challenges such as school environment, poor parental support, and difficulties in responding effectively to rapid change appeared to hamper the implementation of 21st century skills. Finally, the study suggested implications for curriculum design, pedagogy, and policymaking. For example, the curriculum should be built around learning by design to fuse 21st century skills into its contents; the pedagogy should incorporate multiliteracies and multimodalities for language learners; and policymakers should ensure direct instruction of the 21st century skills. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective: This study examined the perspectives of art educators on a novel art curriculum for secondary schools and its prospective impact on students' creativity and economic development. The study investigated the level of institutional support for the art curriculum, students' and non-art educators' understanding of art, and the influence of art integration on academic performance in other disciplines. Methodology: The investigation utilized both qualitative and quantitative approaches. Using a quantitative survey and qualitative semi-structured interviews, the study employed a mixed-methods approach to obtain a deeper understanding of the experiences and perspectives of art educators. Results: The ethical considerations were addressed by obtaining informed consent and revealing the study's purpose. The preponderance of educational institutions supported the art curriculum. According to art instructors, the art curriculum displayed positive inter-disciplinary outcomes. Additionally, the study disclosed that inadequate resources impeded the plan's execution. The findings suggest that future research should increase the sample size and include individuals from diverse cultural contexts to comprehend art curricula implementation better. Implications: The objective is to prioritize resource constraints and identify strategies to resolve them. Implementing an art curriculum in secondary schools can potentially improve students' creativity and academic performance. The statement emphasizes the significance of allocating sufficient resources to resolve the obstacles in art education. Educational institutions can utilize art curricula to promote holistic education and facilitate artistic growth. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Effective leadership practices are important for the success of every organization. Therefore, this study is based on a systematic literature review to highlight the studies emphasizing the role of school leadership practices in shaping the culture. The articles published within the last 5 years (i.e. from 2018 to 2022) were considered for this review. The review was conducted using the SQAT and general review conducting method. The results revealed that the majority of research articles were empirical in nature and published in 2018 and 2019. This research is a guide for researchers aiming to conduct research on school leadership practices. Future studies can emphasize the specific leader style or conduct a review of studies published within the last 10 years. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Intestinal parasitic infections are prevalent throughout many countries. This study aimed to determine the prevalence of intestinal parasite carriers among 21,347 expatriate workers, including food handlers and housemaids attending the public health center laboratory in Sharjah, UAE. Stool sample collection was performed throughout the period between January and December 2013. All samples were examined microscopically. Demographic data were also obtained and analyzed. Intestinal parasites were found in 3.3% (708/21,347) of the studied samples (single and multiple infections). Among positive samples, six hundred and eighty-three samples (96.5%) were positive for a single parasite: Giardia lamblia (257; 36.3%) and Entamoeba histolytica/Entamoeba dispar (220; 31.1%), respectively, whereas mono-infections with helminths accounted for 206 (29.1%) of the samples. Infection rates with single worms were: Ascaris lumbricoides (84; 11.9%), Hookworm (34; 4.8%), Trichuris trichiura (33; 4.7%), Taenia spp. (27; 3.81%), Strongyloides stercoralis (13; 1.8%), Hymenolepis nana (13; 1.8%), and Enterobius vermicularis (2; 0.28%), respectively. Infections were significantly associated with gender (x2 = 14.18; p = 0.002) with males as the most commonly infected with both groups of intestinal parasites (protozoa and helminths). A strong statistical association was noted correlating the parasite occurrence with certain nationalities (x2= 49.5, p <0.001). Furthermore, the study has also found a strong statistical correlation between parasite occurrence and occupation (x2= 15.60; p = 0.029). Multiple infections were not common (3.5% of the positive samples), although one individual (0.14%) had four helminth species, concurrently. These findings emphasized that food handlers with different pathogenic parasitic organisms may pose a significant health risk to the public. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Utilizationof nanotechnologies in condensation has been recognizedas one opportunity to improve the efficiency of large-scale thermalpower and desalination systems. High-performance and stable dropwisecondensation in widely-used copper heat exchangers is appealing forenergy and water industries. In this work, a scalable and low-costnanofabrication approach was developed to fabricate superhydrophobiccopper oxide (CuO) nanoneedle surfaces to promote dropwise condensationand even jumping-droplet condensation. By conducting systematic surfacecharacterization and in situ environmental scanning electron microscope(ESEM) condensation experiments, we were able to probe the microscopicformation physics of droplets on irregular nanostructured surfaces.At the early stages of condensation process, the interfacial surfacetensions at the edge of CuO nanoneedles were found to influence boththe local energy barriers for microdroplet growth and the advancingcontact angles when droplets undergo depinning. Local surface roughnessalso has a significant impact on the volume of the condensate withinthe nanostructures and overall heat transfer from the vapor to substrate.Both our theoretical analysis and in situ ESEM experiments have revealedthat the liquid condensate within the nanostructures determines theamount of the work of adhesion and kinetic energy associated withdroplet coalescence and jumping. Local and global droplet growth modelswere also proposed to predict how the microdroplet morphology withinnanostructures affects the heat transfer performance of early-stagecondensation. Our quantitative analysis of microdroplet formationand growth within irregular nanostructures provides the insight toguide the anodization-based nanofabrication for enhancing dropwiseand jumping-droplet condensationperformance. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Simple Summary: Dromedary camels (Camelus dromedarius), or Arabian camels, are mainly widespread in arid regions from the east of Asia to the north of Africa. Many species of parasites/arthropods affect camels, including ticks, able to transmit pathogens to animals and humans. Authors investigated the presence of blood parasites in n = 93 camels with acute clinical signs and in n = 72 ticks collected from these camels in Al Dhafra region of Abu Dhabi, United Arabian Emirates, through molecular techniques. All the 72 ticks collected were identified as Hyalomma dromedarii species and were found negative for pathogen DNA. DNA investigations on camel blood samples showed a positivity for tick-transmitted pathogens in 15 heads (16.1%): 15 Anaplasma phagocytophilum (11.8%), Coxiella burnetii (3.2%), and Babesia/Theileria spp. (2.1%). Coinfection of A. phagocytophiulm and C. burnetii was detected in a camel. C. burnetii sequences from our samples showed a high phylogenetic relatedness to strains from Europe, Africa, and Asia. The study represents the first molecular investigation on tick-borne pathogens in camels from United Arabian Emirates, and it highlights the possible risk of infection for humans working in close contact with camels. Camels represent an important resource for inhabitants of the most arid regions of the world and their survival is mainly related to environment conditions including the risk of parasitic diseases, which may represent a significant cause of losses in livestock production of these areas. Camels may be parasitized by several hematophagous arthropods, which can be vectors of several diseases including zoonosis. This study aimed to investigate in dromedary camels and their ticks the importance of tick-borne hemoparasites that might be responsible for a recent and obscure morbidity of camels in Al Dhafra region of Abu Dhabi, UAE. Blood samples and ticks from 93 naturally infected camels belonging to 36 herds, affected by variable acute clinical syndromes lasting from 3 to 5 days, were analyzed through molecular techniques for specific DNA presence of different blood pathogens: Anaplasmamarginale/Anaplasmaovis, Anaplasma phagocytophilum, Coxiella burnetii,Babesia spp., and Theileria spp. DNA. All the 72 ticks collected belonged to the Hyalomma dromedarii species and were negative for blood pathogens. n = 15 camels (16.1%) were found positive to the following tick-borne hemoparasites: A. phagocytophilum 11 (11.8%), Coxiella burnetii 3 (3.2%), and Babesia/Theileria spp. 2 (2.1%). One singular camel showed coinfection of C. burnetii and A. phagocytophiulm. Genetic profile of C. burnetii showed a high phylogenetic relatedness to European, Asian and African C. burnetii strains. This is the first laboratory investigation on tick-borne pathogens in camels in UAE, and the first report of A. phagocytophilum and C. burnetii. Moreover, since the detected pathogens are recognized pathogens for humans, this study highlights the zoonotic risk for humans working in camel husbandry. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]