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Background: Chromatographic techniques, such as TLC basically and HPLC, GC, HPTLC, equipped with various detectors are most frequently used for the qualitative and quantitative examination of herbals. Method: An overview of the recent literature concerning the usage of HPTLC for the analysis of medicinal plants has been carried out. Results: During the last decade/s, HPTLC, a modern, sophisticated, and automatized TLC technique with better and advanced separation efficiency, detection limit, data acquisition, and processing, has been used for the analysis of herbal materials and preparations since the rapid development of technology in chromatography world. HPTLC with various detectors is a powerful analytical tool, especially for the phytochemical applications, such as herbal drug quantification and fingerprint analysis. Conclusion: In this review, a latest perspective has been established and some of the previous studies were summarized for the usage of HPTLC in the analysis of herbal remedies, dietary supplements, and nutraceuticals.

Objectives In Turkey, the genus Moltkia Lehm. is represented by two species, namely Moltkia aurea Boiss. and M. coerulea (Willd.) Lehm., which are used as both food and for medicinal purposes. This study aimed to evaluate the antidiabetic and antioxidant potential and phytochemical profiles of leaf, flower, and root extracts of Moltkia species. Materials and methods α-Glucosidase and α-amylase inhibitory activities, antioxidant effects, and total phenol and flavonoid contents of Moltkia extracts were evaluated. High-performance liquid chromatography was performed for identifying and quantifying phenolic compounds, which are responsible for various activities of these extracts. Results Among the investigated phenolic compounds, caffeic and rosmarinic acids and rutin were determined and quantified in methanol extracts. Rutin was the major compound in the flower extract of M. aurea. Rutin and rosmarinic acid were the major compounds in the leaf extract of M. aurea. The flowers, leaves and roots of M. coerulea were also rich in rosmarinic acid. The antioxidant and antidiabetic potential of these extracts may be attributable to their rutin and rosmarinic acid content. Conclusion Moltkia species can be used as natural sources of antioxidants. Notably, M. aurea extracts can be used for the development of herbal products with antidiabetic potential.

In the current work, the ethanol extracts of (36 samples from various locations) 21 species of Geranium were investigated for their tyrosinase (TYR) inhibitory and antioxidant activity. G. glaberrimum (GG) (31.41 +/- 1.11 %), G. macrostylum (31.15 +/- 1.35 %), and G. lasiopus (30.01 +/- 0.09 %) had the highest inhibition against TYR, which were proceeded to further phytochemical analyses. The major compounds were gallic and ellagic acids. G. glaberrimum Boiss. & Heldr. were further fractioned by preparative-LC, in which the second fraction (GG-2) resulted in the highest inhibition, which was analyzed by LC-MS-MS. Geraniin and corilagin in GG-2 and quinic acid, gallic acid, 3,4-dihydroxy benzoic acid, 4-O-methyl gallate, geraniin, corilagin, ellagic acid, and quercetin were shown to be present in GG-EtOH extract. Quercetin (IC50 = 54.11 +/- 1.92 mu g/mL) was the most active inhibitor. Molecular interactions of the compounds with TYR were examined. Structure-activity relationship was achieved by PASS and Swiss Target Prediction programs. Ellagic acid and quercetin also displayed good molecular connections with the active site of TYR through pi-pi interactions and binding with two Cu atoms at the center of the enzyme. Thus, these two compounds appeared to be the most promising TYR inhibitors approved by both in vitro and in silico results.

BACKGROUND: Rumex crispus L. (Polygonaceae), known as “Labada” in Turkey, was reported to be used for the treatment of gynecological diseases such as postpartum complications and infertility in folk medicine. Earlier studies on R. crispus have shown that leaf, fruit and root extracts have anti-inflammatory and antioxidant activities and are used for the treatment of tumors in the uterus. The hypothesis of this study is that R. crispus may generate potential anti-adhesive activity against complex factors such as inflammation, oxidation and fibrosis. OBJECTIVES: We aimed to investigate the potential anti-adhesive activity of aqueous methanol extracts of leaves, fruits and roots of R. crispus. METHODS: Abdominal adhesion model was performed in 72 female Wistar Albino rats. In the first step of the experiment, the rats were divided into six groups namely, Sham, Control, Reference and Experimental Groups (consisting of three sub-groups in which R. crispus leaf, fruit and root extracts were applied at 100 mg/kg dose). The test samples were administered once to the peritoneal cavity and the rats were sacrificied at the end of the 14th day. Root extract showed prominent activity, therefore this extract was subjected to fractionation to obtain 3 fractions (30–60–100% methanol fractions) by using vacuum-liquid chromatography. In the second stage, animals were divided into 6 groups as Sham, Control, Reference and Experimental Groups (R30, R60, R100 at 100 mg/kg dose). Adhesion scoring, tissue total antioxidant and oxidant levels, histopathological and immunohistochemical (TNF-α, IL-6 and IL-8) analyzes were performed. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: Adhesion scores, inflammatory cytokines and inflammation cells decreased by the application of R. crispus root extract. The fractions also showed similar anti-inflammatory effects, but R60 was found to be more effective in prevention of intra-abdominal adhesions and uterine fibrosis. R60 fraction, possessing potential bioactivity, was investigated in terms of phenolic composition by HPLC. GRAPHICAL ABSTRACT: [Image: see text]

Juniperus drupacea Labill. is used for medicinal purposes and to obtain a traditional food product "pekmez" for centuries. We aimed to evaluate antidiabetic and antioxidant activities of the extracts prepared from J. drupacea fruits, leaves and branches. Therefore, alpha-amylase and alpha-glucosidase inhibitory effects and antioxidant activities of the water, ethyl acetate, and methanol extracts were evaluated. Additionally, total phenolic and total flavonoid contents of the extracts were investigated. Standardization of the methanol extracts on amentoflavone and umbelliferone was performed using a RP-HPLC-DAD method. All extracts showed excellent and dose dependent inhibitory effect on alpha-glucosidase enzyme. Moreover, fruit methanol extract (99.92 +/- 0.30%) and leaf methanol extract (99.44 +/- 1.78%) were more effective than reference drug Acarbose (98.88 +/- 0.07%) at 1 mg/ml concentration. On the other hand, the extracts rich in flavonoids and phenolics showed remarkable antioxidant activity. Results of HPLC analysis revealed that amentoflavone was detected in serious amount especially in the leaves as 0.148 +/- 0.001 g/100 g dry weight. Umbelliferone was determined in minor amount in both leaves and branches.

Ethnopharmacological relevance The ethnobotanical studies conducted in Turkey and other countries have revealed that Cornus mas L., from the family Cornaceae have been used against stomachache, diarrhea and colitis. Aim of the study: The objective the present study is to determine the possible activity of C. mas in experimentally induced ulcerative colitis in rats and to identify its phytochemical feature. Materials and methods 2,4,6-Trinitrobenzene sulfonic acid-induced colitis model was induced in rats. The rats were orally treated with different doses (50, 100, 200 and 400 mg/kg) of C. mas 80% methanol extract for 14 days. Increase in body weight, consumed amount of feed, form of the stool, presence of rectal prolapse were followed every day. At the end of the experiment, colon tissues were removed and wet weights for each animal were measured and colon damages were scored. Total antioxidant and total oxidant status, cytokine (TNF-α and IL-1β) and protein levels of colon tissues were evaluated and histopathological analyses were carried out. After the detection of the effective dose as 400 mg/kg, the aqueous methanol extract was fractionated by using liquid-liquid fractionation technique and the sub-extracts were also tested for in vivo biological activities. High Performance Liquid Chromatography analyses were conducted to determine the phytochemical profile of the active crude extract and n-butanol sub-extract. Results Amount of feed consumed per day and increase in body weight were the lowest in the control group, while those values were determined to be the highest in 80% methanol extract (at 400 mg/kg dose), n-butanol sub-extract and reference groups. Following colitis induction, it was determined that the fecal form was yellow-slippery in all groups and returned to normal after the treatment with C. mas extracts. Rectal prolapse score was less in the extract (400 mg/kg) and n-butanol sub-extract treated groups. Total antioxidant, total oxidant status, cytokine and protein levels were found to be in parallel with macroscopic findings. 80% methanol extract (400 mg/kg) and n-butanol sub-extract provided the best healing according to the wet weight measurements and colon damage scoring performed on the removed colon tissues. These findings supported the results of histopathological analysis. According to the chromatographic analysis, ellagic acid was determined in both extracts and its amount was quantified. Conclusions The present study has verified the ethnomedical use of C. mas for the treatment of ulcerative colitis.

Plants have been always a fruitful source of active metabolites against many human disorders, where cardiovascular (CV) diseases have been one of the major health problems all over the world. There are some clinically proved medicinal plants with cardioprotective effects such as Crataegus monogyna and C. oxyacantha (hawthorn) from Rosaceae. On the other hand, cardiac glycosides, present in a number of plant species, are well-known for their cardiotonic activity. However, we encountered such a fact that very less number of studies are available on the source plants; e.g. Adonis vernalis, Convallaria majalis, Strophanthus kombe, Thevetia peruviana, Leonurus cardiaca, etc. Consequently, we herein aimed to cover all available data consisting of in vitro, in vivo, and human studies (if any) on cardiotonic effects of the aforementioned species through a wide literature search using Scopus, Web of Science as well as Pubmed.

Bacterial transglycosylation is an interesting target in antibiotic drug development. An in vitro transglycosylation assay was developed and used to search for possible inhibitors of Staphylococcus aureus Penicillin Binding Protein 2-mediated transglycosylation. Since the substrate, Lipid II, has no UV-chromophore, the assay relies on LC coupled to MS for analysis of the incubation mixtures. Extracts from Thymus sipyleus, Salvia verticillata, Salvia virgata and Oolong tea were tested, as well as epigallocatechin gallate and ursolic acid, which are chemical compounds derived from plants. Matrix effects hampered Lipid II quantification in samples treated with very high concentrations of extracts. None of these extracts or isolated compounds appeared to have inhibitory activities towards the transglycosylation function of Penicillin Binding Protein 2. publisher: Elsevier articletitle: Bioanalytical LC/MS study of potential bacterial transglycosylation inhibitors journaltitle: Journal of Pharmaceutical and Biomedical Analysis articlelink: http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jpba.2015.12.050 content_type: article copyright: © 2016 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. ispartof: Journal of Pharmaceutical and Biomedical Analysis vol:127 pages:123-128 ispartof: location:England status: published

The flavone hispidulin (4 ,5,7-trihydroxy-6-methoxyflavone) in the flowers of Inula viscosa (L.) Aiton was quantified by using High Performance Liquid Chromatography (HPLC), and also High Performance Thin-Layer Chromatography (HPTLC) fingerprint of the methanolic I. viscosa flower extract was presented. Both methods provided a rapid and easy approach for determination of the biomarker hispidulin. In the present study HPTLC and HPLC profiles of Inula viscosa flowers were presented to detect and quantify the small flavonoid hispidulin. The results reveal that I. viscosa flowers contain serious amount (0.151± 0.007 g/100g dry weight) of hispidulin.

Fruit and leaves of junipers are commonly used internally as tea and pounded fruits are eaten to lower blood glucose levels in Anatolia. Thus, we aimed to evaluate antidiabetic and antioxidant potential and the chemical profile of Juniperus foetidissima Willd. and J. sabina L. in this study. In-vitro antidiabetic activities of leaf and fruit extracts were examined by their inhibitory activity on α-glucosidase and α-amylase enzymes. Then, in-vivo antidiabetic activities of leaf and fruit extracts of Juniperus species were investigated on streptozotocin-induced diabetic rats. Additionally, antioxidant activities (phosphomolybdenum, ferric-reducing antioxidant power and ABTS radical scavenging activity assays), phytochemical screening tests and high performance liquid chromatography analysis (HPLC) were done. In-vitro enzyme inhibitory effects of the extracts were supported by the results of in-vivo antidiabetic activity studies. Phytochemical screening tests indicated presence of flavonoids, tannins, terpenoids and carbohydrates in the extracts. Amentoflavone was identified as the major compound in the extracts and content of amentoflavone was determined. As a result, Juniperus extracts and its active constituents might be beneficial for diabetes and its complications.

In this study, cytotoxic effects of the dichloromethane, ethyl acetate, ethanol, and aqueous extracts of the aerial parts of Cyclotrichium niveum (Boiss.) Manden. & Scheng (Lamiaceae) were evaluated. We tested HeLa, MCF-7 cancer cells, and MRC-5 and MCF-10A normal cells. The ethyl acetate and dichloromethane extracts induced cytotoxicity whereas the ethanol and aqueous extracts had no cytotoxic activity against both cancer cells. IC50 values of the dichloromethane extract were 353.0 +/- 8430 Ag/ml, 114.8 +/- 40.34 mu g/ml, 39 +/- 0.56 mu g/ml, and 49 +/- 13 mu g/ml in HeLa, MCF-7, MRC-5, MCF-10A cells, respectively. IC50 values of the ethyl acetate extract were 117.0 +/- 36.24 mu g/ml in HeLa cells, 1563 +/- 19.86 mu g/ml in MCF-7 cells, 1100 +/- 340 mu g/ml in MRC-5 cells and 7900 +/- 1200 mu g/ml in MCF-10A cells. Additionally, the ethyl acetate extract showed more selectivity to HeLa and MCF-7 cancer cells than MRC-5 and MCF-10A normal cells. Our results of HPLC analysis showed that apigenin in the ethyl acetate extract (2.2518 +/- 0.0005 mu g/100 mg extract) might be responsible of that selective cytotoxic effect. In the current work, we have shown for the first time that C niveum has cytotoxic properties in the cancer cell lines tested. (C) 2017 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.

In this study, the hepatoprotective activity of ethanol extracts of Fumaria vaillantii Lois. was investigated against CCl4-induced toxicity in rats. F. vaillantii (500 mg/kg) caused a significant decrease in the plasma aspartate aminotransferase (AST), alanine aminotransaminase (ALT) and tissue malondialdehyde levels, and a significant increase in the reduced glutathione and catalase levels, compared with the CCl4 group. These findings were approved by histopathological observations. Additionally, a significant decrease was found in liver Cu levels (18.5%) of the extract-treated group (500 mg/kg), while an increase in liver Zn (16.2%) levels was observed compared with the CCl4 group. These changes in liver Zn and Cu levels caused by F. vaillantii extract may contribute to its positive effects on liver toxicity. Phenolic acids and flavonoids in the extract were examined and the extract was standardized by reversed-phase high-performance liquid chromatography with diode array detection on the basis of rutin, chlorogenic and caffeic acids as markers. Practical Applications Fumaria species have been used both as food and traditional medicine. In some Mediterranean countries, the leaves of the plant are cooked or eaten as salad. In Turkey, they are also being drunk as herbal tea, eaten as salad and roasted. The results suggested that F. vaillantii ethanol extract standardized by rutin, chlorogenic and caffeic acids had a significant protective effect against CCl4-induced hepatotoxicity. Therefore, F. vaillantii can be consumed safely and because of its beneficial effect on liver toxicity, its standardized ethanol extract can be used in the preparation of herbal medicines or food supplements in pharmaceutical and food industry.

The present study was designed to examine in-vitro antidiabetic activities of different extracts of flowers, leaves and roots of Inula helenium ssp. turcoracemosa, L montbretiana, I. peacockiana, I thapsoides ssp. thapsoides and I. viscosa extracts. I. viscosa and I. montbretiana flower, I. thapsoides and I. viscosa leaf and I. helenium root methanol extracts exhibited remarkable alpha-glucosidase inhibitory activity. Additionally, alpha-amylase inhibitory activities of the extracts were moderate at only 3000 mu g/mL. Based on the results of in-vitro antidiabetic activity tests; antioxidant activities, total phenol and flavonoid contents of the most promising extracts were evaluated. To identify compounds responsible for the antidiabetic activity, major compounds of Inula species were analyzed for their in-vitro enzyme inhibitory activity. Quercetin, luteolin and rutin exhibited a significant inhibition on alpha-glucosidase at 10 mM concentrations. Consequently, Inula species could potentially be used by diabetic patients for their antidiabetic and antioxidant activities. (C) 2017 SAAB. Published by Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.

Hieracium pannosum Boiss. (Asteraceae) was studied for its antidiabetic and antioxidant activities with the main focus on phenolic compound characterization. The methanol extracts of the flowers, leaves and roots of the plant were examined using in-vitro models for determining the enzyme inhibitory and antioxidant activities. While alpha-glucosidase enzyme inhibitory activity of the extracts was not promising, a-amylase inhibitory activity of root extract was moderate at 3 mg/mL concentration. Various antioxidant assay techniques, including total antioxidant, free radical scavenging, superoxide anion scavenging, metal chelating activities and ferric reducing antioxidant power were used to present the antioxidant capacity. Root extract having the highest total phenolic content generally showed the highest antioxidant activity. To explain the significant antioxidant potential of the plant, phenolic compounds such as gallic, chlorogenic, caffeic, p-coumaric, ferulic acids, luteolin-7-glucoside, quercetin, luteolin, apigenin and kaempferol were analyzed qualitatively and quantitatively using RP-HPLC-DAD method. Results showed that while chlorogenic acid was the main component of the leaf and root extracts, the flower extract was found to be rich in luteolin, luteolin-7-glucoside, apigenin and chlorogenic acid. The plant could be evaluated as a serious antioxidant source in cosmetic, food and pharmaceutical industries. (C) 2016 SAAB. Published by Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.

Alantolactone/isoalantolactone, a mixture of isomeric sesquiterpene compounds, was isolated from the roots of Inula helenium L. subsp. turcoracemosa Grierson and its amount was quantified by RPHPLC. The structure of alan-tolactone/isoalantolactone was elucidated by using HPLC and 1NMR data. Alantolactone/isoalantolactone was fo-und in serious amount in the roots of the plant as 1.6338 ± 0.0198 % (w/w). The roots of Inula helenium subsp. tur-coracemosa growing in Turkey were found rich in this isomeric pair known to be strong antiproliferative and anti-microbial agent

The ethanol (EtOH) extracts of thirty-four taxa from the Amelanchier, Cotoneaster, Pyrus, and Sorbus genera (Rosaceae) have been screened for their inhibitory potential against acetylcholinesterase (AChE) and butyrylcholinesterase (BChE) at 200 mu g/mL as well as their antioxidant activity using metal-chelating capacity, ferric-reducing antioxidant power (FRAP), and N,N-dimethyl-p-phenylenediamine (DMPD) radical scavenging activity at 2000 mu g/mL using ELISA microtiter assays. Our results indicated that two extracts of Sorbus umbelleta from different localities had 56.20 +/- 5.05% (IC50 = 182.1 mu g/mL) and 58.18 +/- 3.77% (IC50 = 177.8 mu g/mL) of inhibition against AChE, while 50.67 +/- 0.32% of BChE inhibition (IC50 = 206.5 mu g/mL) was caused by the extract of Cotoneaster meyeri. Among the tested extracts, S. subfusca displayed the highest FRAP value (1.618 +/- 0.09) and DMPD radical scavenging activity (31.05 +/- 0.01%), while the best metal-chelating capacity (27.13 +/- 2.01%) was found to belong to the extract of Sorbus kusnetzovii. The EtOH extracts of the active species (e.g. Cotoneaster meyeri, two samples of Sorbus umbelleta, and Sorbus subfusca) in enzyme inhibition assays have also been subjected to HPLC analysis to quantify some selected phenolic acids and flavonoid derivatives. Chlorogenic acid (28.83 +/- 0.67-149.10 +/- 0.46 mg/100 g) and rutin (46.08 +/- 0.63-109.08 +/- 0.07 mg/100 g) were quantified in all four extracts. Caffeic acid (0.79 +/- 0.18 mg/100g) was only present in C. meyeri, whereas ferulic acid and apigenin were detected in three extracts in minor amounts. Our findings also pointed out to a marked variation in bioactivity and phytochemistry among the same plant species growing in different places. This is the first anticholinesterase and antioxidant study on most the Rosaceae species studied herein. Among them, Sorbus umbellata appears to be a promising herb due to its noticeable anti-AChE and antioxidant activities. (C) 2016 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.

A high performance liquid chromatographic method was applied to the determination of some phenolic compounds in the leaves of Mentha spicata L. subsp. spicata. Phenolic compounds were known as antioxidants so that the profile of such compounds in the plants are taking more attention. In this study the qualitative and quantitative analysis of the methanolic extract of Mentha spicata subsp. spicata growing in Turkey in terms of phenolic compound characterization were performed by RP-HPLC for the first time. The plant contains caffeic acid, rosmarinic acid and luteolin among the investigated seven compounds and especially the rosmarinic acid content of the plant was found so high as 1.34g/100g. The plant was found to be a really good source of rosmarinic acid and it’s feasible that standardization of the extract of Mentha spicata subsp. spicata could be done via this developed method over rosmarinic acid due to the significant amount in the plant

A high performance liquid chromatographic method was applied to the determination of caffeic and chlorogenic acids in the leaves and fruits of Vitex agnus-castus collected from three different region of Turkey. Caffeic and chlorogenic acids were known to be potent antioxidants and the two phenolic acids were investigated in Turkish Vitex agnus-castus samples for the first time. The qualitative and quantitative analysis of six extracts of the plant were performed by RP-HPLC method. The linear range of detection for caffeic and chlorogenic acids were between 1.02-400 (r2 0.9999) and 1.08-476 (r2 0.9948) ug/mL, respectively. Marmaris and Antalya leaf samples display the highest content of caffeic acid as 0.277%(w/w) and 0.266%(w/w) while Marmaris fruit and Isparta fruit samples were rich in chlorogenic acid as 0.343%(w/w) and 0.303%(w/w), respectively

Karotenoitler; bitkiler, diger fotosentetik organizmalar (algler, funguslar) ve fotosentez yapamayan bazi maya ve kuflerce sentezlenen tetraterpenik yapida organik pigmentlerdir. Bu bilesikler fotosentetik organizmalarda bulunmakta ve saridan kirmiziya cogu meyve ve cicegin rengini vermektedirler. Hayvanlar karotenoitleri sentezleyemezler ve bu bilesikleri diyetleri ile saglamak zorundadirlar. Karotenoitler ticari olarak gida boyasi ve besin takviyesi olarak kullanilmaktadirlar. Ozellikle, antioksidan aktiviteleri ve kronik hastaliklar uzerinde terapotik ozelliklerinden dolayi daha cok ilgi cekmektedirler. Bu derlemede; karotenoitlerin yapisi, biyosentezi ve biyolojik sistemler uzerine etkileri ozetlenmistir

An accurate, simple, reproducible, and sensitive method for determination of rosmarinic, caffeic, chlorogenic, and gallic acids in 12 Salvia species growing naturally in Anatolia, has been developed and validated. The phenolic acids were separated using a μBondapack C18 column by gradient elution with a flow rate of 1.0 mL min−1, which was adjusted to deliver firstly o-phosphoric acid 0.085% in water, 0.085% in methanol, and 0.085% in 2-propanol (80:10:10, v/v/v), then decreased gradually (60:20:20, v/v/v) during 20 min with a flow rate of 1.0 mL min−1. The samples were monitored at 220 nm for gallic acid and 330 nm for rosmarinic, caffeic, and chlorogenic acids using photo-diode array detection. The linear range of detection for gallic, chlorogenic, caffeic, and rosmarinic acids were between 0.051–101.4, 0.207–103.6, 0.100–100, and 0.201–100.5 μg mL−1, respectively. The linearity, range, peak purity, selectivity, system performance parameters, precision, accuracy, and robustness had also acceptable values. The developed method was applied to the flower, leaf, stem, and root parts of the Salvia species.

Three Inula species, I. viscosa, I. helenium ssp. turcoracemosa and I. montbretiana, collected from different locations of Anatolia were investigated for their antioxidant and antimicrobial potential, and their total phenolic content and phenolic composition. Antioxidant activities of various extracts of the plant parts were measured using DPPH radical scavenging and ABTS assays. Antimicrobial potential of methanol extracts of the plant parts was determined by the agar dilution method against Staphylococcus aureus, Enterococcus faecalis, Escherichia coli, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Candida albicans and Candida tropicalis. All the extracts were more active against Gram-positive bacteria and yeasts than Gram-negative bacteria. The extracts exhibited antioxidant and antimicrobial activities in different concentrations. Total phenolic concentration of the extracts was estimated with Folin-Ciocalteu reagent using gallic acid as standard. The total phenolic content varied widely in different parts of the three tested Inula species, ranging from 21.1 ± 0.8 to 190.9 ± 6.1 mg GAE/g extract. Phenolic components, such as chlorogenic acid, caffeic acid, rutin, myricetin, quercetin, luteolin and kaempferol were quantified by HPLC-DAD in the methanol extracts of the Inula species. It was obvious that the antioxidant and antimicrobial properties of the plants were due to the phenolics.

In continuation of ongoing studies on the potential of natural products as antiprotozoal leads or drugs, it was found that the CH (2)Cl (2) extract obtained from the flowering aerial parts of INULA MONTBRETIANA DC. (Asteraceae, tribe Inuleae) displays antiprotozoal activity, especially against TRYPANOSOMA BRUCEI RHODESIENSE (IC (50): 3.38 microg/mL). Isolation of the possible active constituents led to the identification of six sesquiterpene lactones, all esters of 9 beta-hydroxyparthenolide. Two isolates, namely, 9 beta-(3',4'-epoxy-3'-methylpentanoyloxy)-parthenolide and 9 beta-(3'-oxo-2'-methylbutanoyloxy)-parthenolide, represented diastereomeric mixtures differing only in the configuration within the acyl moieties. According to IN VITRO test results, the mixture of esters with diastereomeric 3,4-epoxy-3-methylpentanoic acid was the most active constituent against TRYPANOSOMA BRUCEI RHODESIENSE (IC (50): 0.26 microg/mL) and was less cytotoxic against rat skeletal myoblasts (L6 cell line) with a selectivity index of about 9. The mixture of diastereomeric 2-methyl-3-oxobutyric acid esters was the most potent against PLASMODIUM FALCIPARUM (IC (50): 1.48 microg/mL) and displayed a selectivity index of about 35

Turkiye 'de genis yayilis gosteren ve tek yillik bir bitki olan Thymelaea passerina (L.) Cosson & Germ. 'den petrol eteri, n-hekzan, etil asetat ve metanol ile hazirlanan ekstreler bazi Gram (+), Gram (-) bakteriler ve Candida albicans uzerinde disk difuzyon yontemi kullanilarak antimikrobiyal aktivite acisindan incelenmistir. Etil asetat ekstresinin butun mikroorganizmalara karsi aktivite gosterdigi saptanmistir