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Introduction: Spices are one of the main ingredients frequently used in Arab and Asian kitchens. Therefore, we must research their harms in the service of society. Objective: This study aimed to investigate the effect of excessive ginger consumption on the phenotypic and histological structure of the mice liver. It is important to have a clear view of the spices that play a major role in damaging organs. Methodology: About 20 mice were used. I was orally (1g) to ginger for 50 days. that anesthetization, separating the liver, fixing by formalin, using the routine method to preparation block and sectioning (5um) then coloured with H&E. Results: Symptoms was the loss of weight, high temperatures, as well as the Gangrene at ends of the Ear, Tail. the liver appearance of severe congestion with a dark red colour, accompanied by bleeding and the appearance of fluid-filled swelling in the liver, forming what is called the liver abscess. Microscopy indicated a loss of the normal structure of the liver tissue. The sections also showed the emergence of the stages of programmed death of cells.Conclusion: We concluded that consuming spices in large quantities will lead to toxic liver toxicity, but it is not dangerous.

Polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs) and their metabolites may influence cell fate regulation. Herein, we investigated the effects of linoleic acid (LA) as ω-6 PUFA, eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA) as ω-3 PUFA and palmitic acid (PA) on vasculogenesis of embryonic stem (ES) cells. LA and EPA increased vascular structure formation and protein expression of the endothelial-specific markers fetal liver kinase-1, CD31 as well as VE-cadherin, whereas PA was without effect. LA and EPA increased reactive oxygen species (ROS) and nitric oxide (NO), activated endothelial NO synthase (eNOS) and raised intracellular calcium. The calcium response was inhibited by the intracellular calcium chelator BAPTA, sulfo-N-succinimidyl oleate which is an antagonist of CD36, the scavenger receptor for fatty acid uptake as well as by a CD36 blocking antibody. Prevention of ROS generation by radical scavengers or the NADPH oxidase inhibitor VAS2870 and inhibition of eNOS by L-NAME blunted vasculogenesis. PUFAs stimulated AMP activated protein kinase-α (AMPK-α) as well as peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-α (PPAR-α). AMPK activation was abolished by calcium chelation as well as inhibition of ROS and NO generation. Moreover, PUFA-induced vasculogenesis was blunted by the PPAR-α inhibitor GW6471. In conclusion, ω-3 and ω-6 PUFAs stimulate vascular differentiation of ES cells via mechanisms involving calcium, ROS and NO, which regulate function of the energy sensors AMPK and PPAR-α and determine the metabolic signature of vascular cell differentiation.

The milk thistle (Silybum marianum (L.) Gaertn.) compound silibinin may be an inhibitor of the angiotensin II type 1 (AT1) receptor which is expressed in differentiating embryonic stem (ES) cells and is involved in the regulation of cardiomyogenesis. In the present study, it was demonstrated that silibinin treatment decreased the number of spontaneously contracting cardiac foci and cardiac cell areas differentiated from ES cells as well as contraction frequency and frequency of calcium (Ca2+) spiking. In contrast, angiotensin II (Ang II) treatment stimulated cardiomyogenesis as well as contraction and Ca2+ spiking frequency, which were abolished in the presence of silibinin. Intracellular Ca2+ transients elicited by Ang II in rat smooth muscle cells were not impaired upon silibinin treatment, excluding the possibility that the compound acted on the AT1 receptor. Ang II treatment activated extracellular signal-regulated kinase 1/2 (ERK1/2), c-Jun NH2-terminal kinase (JNK), and p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) pathways in embryoid bodies which were abolished upon silibinin pretreatment. In summary, our data suggest that silibinin inhibits cardiomyogenesis of ES cells by interfering with Ang II signaling downstream of the AT1 receptor.

Intestinal parasites that infect humans are widespread health problems, especially in tropical and semitropical zone, is no less important than other microscopic pathogens because it has the ability to infect most of the body’s organs and lead to sometimes fatal complications that end in death, in addition to its ability to reproduce and in great numbers, which led to the failure to eliminate it completely, parasitic protozoa and helminthes intestinal are a large variety of parasites that live in the intestine. This study aimed at investigating the infection of Giardia lambila in babies with diarrhea who have been referred to (the women’s hospital and children in Babylon, 200 samples of feces were collected form infants patients during the period from January 2018-July 2018, alaboratory microscopictestshowed topositive infection rate50/200 (25%), thise positive samples were examined secondly by Real-Time PCR as a more accurate detection and showed 41/50 (92.41%).