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Stunting is a global problem that has a long-term impact on the quality of human resources. Stunting prevention can be achieved throughout supervision during the first 1000 days of life. The study aimed to examine whether health-conscious families can reduce and prevent stunting. The study location was in the operational area of Mifa Bersaudara Ltd. from March to September 2019. The research method used in this study was a quantitative observational study using a cross-sectional design. The instrument assessing the family health indicators issued by the Ministry of Health of Indonesia was used. The data were analysed using the health-conscious family index formula and Z-score for the infant nutritional status. The study participants were 293 families with toddlers. The study results show that the families living surrounding the operational area of the Mifa Bersaudara Ltd. are mostly pre-healthy families (51.5%) with more than 30% (n=88) of stunted children. There is a relationship between a healthy family index and stunting (p-value

Potensi sumber daya manusia (SDM) dan sumber daya sandang pangan lokal (sektor pertanian) yang dimiliki Kabupaten Jeneponto sangatlah banyak. Diantaranya adalah tanaman kelor yang belum tersentuh dengan teknologi (teknologi tepat guna) dalam proses pengolahannya sehingga belum memberikan nilai manfaat kesehatan serta nilai jual bagi masyarakat setempat. Desa Turatea dan Desa Bonto Jai, adalah wilayah yang banyak ditumbuhi tanaman kelor, masyarakatnya belum melakukan budidaya sesuai standar sehingga pohon kelor tumbuh dengan tidak terawat. Bahkan masyarakat disana belum pernah melakukan upaya pengolahan pasca panen. Tujuan pengabdian masyarakat ini meningkatkan pengetahuan dan keterampilan masyarakat dalam pemanfaatan kelor di tingkat rumah tangga. Metode yang digunakan dalam kegiatan ini adalah metode penyuluhan dan pelatihan yang terdiri demonstrasi dan praktik langsung kepada 21 orang peserta yang terdiri dari ibu-ibu PKK dan kelompok tani. Terdapat 10 resep olahan kelor yang dipraktikkan. Selain itu diukur juga pengetahuan peserta sebelum dan setelah mengikuti penyuluhan serta pemberian angket untuk mengetahui respon peserta setelah mengikuti pelatihan. Hasil dari pengabdian ini menunjukkan para peserta dengan seksama memperhatikan pemaparan materi penyuluhan yang disampaikan. Terlihat para peserta antusias melakukan tanya jawab dan berdiskusi setelah penyuluhan. Pengetahuan dan pemahaman peserta juga meningkat setelah penyuluhan dimana semua responden menunjukkan pengetahuan baik sebanyak 100%. Para peserta terlihat kompak dan bekerjasama dengan baik pada saat pelatihan dan berhasil membuat kue sesuai resep yang diberikan. Berdasarkan angket, para peserta menyatakan sangat tertarik mengukuti pelatihan karena selama ini mereka hanya mengolah kelor menjadi sayur. Mereka berminat untuk mengembangkan hasil pelatihan ini dengan mempraktikkan langsung membuat kue di rumah, menjualnya dan membuat kebun kelor sendiri dirumah. Kata kunci: Penyuluhan, Pelatihan, Kelor, Pengetahuan ABSTRACT The potential of human resources (HR) and local food and clothing resources owned by Jeneponto Regency is very helpful. Among them are Moringa plants that have not utilized technology (appropriate technology) in the processing process so they have not provided health benefits and selling value for the local community. Turatea Village and Bonto Jai Village were areas that are widely planted with Moringa plants, the people have not cultivated according to standards so that Moringa trees grow unkemptly. Even the people there have never made post-harvest processing efforts. The purpose of this community service is to increase the knowledge and skills of the community in the use of Moringa at the household level. The method used in this activity is an extension and training method consisting of demonstrations and direct practice to 21 participants consisting of PKK women and farmer groups. There were 10 recipes for processed Moringa that are practiced. In addition, the measurement of participants' knowledge before and after attending the counseling and presenting a questionnaire to find out the participants' responses after attending the training. The results of this service showed that the participants carefully paid attention to the delivery of the material presented. It was seen that the participants were enthusiastic in conducting questions and answers and training after the counseling. knowledge and understanding of participants also increased before and after counseling. The participants looked compact and understood well during the training and succeeded in making cakes according to the given recipe. Based on the questionnaire, the participants stated that they were very interested in participating in the training because so far they had only processed Moringa into vegetables. They were interested in developing the results of this training by directly making cakes at home, selling them and making their own Moringa gardens at home. Keywords: Counseling, Training, Moringa, Knowledge

BACKGROUND: A high incidence of anemia, particularly severe anemia, among pregnant women has been a major cause of maternal mortality worldwide. Multi-micronutrient supplement (MMS) has been beneficial for health outcomes. AIM: The study was aimed to examine the effect of MMS compared to iron-folic acid supplement (IFA) on hemoglobin (Hb) levels among pregnant women. METHODS: The study was a quasi-experiment with a three-group pre-post-test design, namely, IFA group, MMS group, and MMS + IFA group. A total of 120 participants enrolled were divided equally in each group. The statistical analysis performed was paired t-test and one-way ANOVA using SPSS. RESULTS: The study result shows that there was a significant difference in the Hb levels of pregnant women after the intervention in all groups (p < 0.001). The highest increase in Hb levels was in the IFA + MMS combining group by 1.1 g/dL of Hb followed by MMS and IFA (0.8 ± 0.37 and 0.4 ± 0.31, respectively). CONCLUSION: The combination of Fe and MMS groups could increase Hb levels compared to IFA. Thus, replacing IFA with MMS is reasonably in preventing anemia among pregnant women.

BACKGROUND: Floods that inundate almost all areas in Wajo district caused difficulties for people in this district to access their daily needs, especially for foods as the distribution was inhibited. This situation was exacerbated as the food price increased leading to a greater risk of food insecurity of the household in this area. AIM: The current study aimed to determine food security in flood-prone areas in Wajo District. METHODS: This study was a cross-sectional conducted in the three subdistricts in Wajo Regency. The study was conducted from March to May the year 2018. A total of 304 study participants were involved in this study. The data have been collected using the developed questionnaire and observation sheet. All data analyses were performed using SPSS. RESULTS: The result of the study shows that 139 households (46%) included in this study were in the condition of lack of food and 165 households (54%) were food insecure. Households with food-resistant and food vulnerable status were not found in the study area. CONCLUSION: Therefore, households with food insecurity should manage their income by considering providing nutritious foods based on their income situation.

BACKGROUND: Assessment of nutritional status in hospital patients is important to do. However, due to the patient’s condition, the measurement must use an estimation formula. This study wanted to know the accuracy of the measurement of body weight from the formula commonly used in hospitals. AIM: This study wants to see how accurate the actual body weight predictions are based on measurements of UAC in the ethnics in the province of South Sulawesi. METHODS: The design of this study was cross-sectional. The population of this study was young adults aged 20–29 years. Number of sample is 896 respondents. Sampling consists of 2 stages, namely sample area and research sample. The sampling used was systematic random sampling. The sample size in this study was calculated using the Stanley Lemeshow formula. RESULTS: The results showed that the formula used to predict the patient’s weight, if the formula is calculated using the formula 100% Patient Upper Arm Circumference (PUAC), it is suitable for ethnic Bugis and Mandar male. The formula 90% PUAC is suitable for ethnic Bugis and Mandar and male ethnic Makassarese and Toraja. The formula 85% is suitable for women for all ethnicities. CONCLUSION: It can be concluded that the accuracy of measuring body weight depends on gender and ethnicity, so it is expected that health practitioners in the hospital can adjust the use of formulas according to gender and ethnicity.

BACKGROUND: Malnutrition in pregnant women has been known to bring effects on the mothers’ and infants’ health. Food or nutrient supplementation is now being used to correct the problems. Moringa Oleifera leaves and honey are the two types of natural supplements used by pregnant women. AIM: This systematic review aimed to evaluate the potential effects of Moringa, honey, and both compared to ironfolic acid supplements given to pregnant women on the pregnancy outcomes. METHODS: A systematic review was conducted to evaluate the extent of the benefits of the supplementation of M. Oleifera, honey, or both against pregnant women. There were seven studies which are conducted in Indonesia on this topic. RESULTS: This review shows that M. Oleifera leaves in the form of extract and powder as well as honey could improve maternal weight and hemoglobin, and baby’s birth weight. Moreover, both interventions could reduce stress and protect mothers and their babies from negative effects of oxidative stress. CONCLUSION: Nevertheless, efforts are needed to formulate a recommended dose as adequate supplements for pregnant women.

Latar belakang: Prevalensi kelebihan berat badan dan obesitas pada remaja (13 - 15 tahun) meningkat secara signifi kan dari 7,3% pada 2013 menjadi 13,5% pada 2018. Ketersediaan restoran cepat saji yang semakin banyak, baik lokal maupun komersial, di sekitar sekolah semakin meningkatkan jumlah anak remaja usia sekolah yang terpapar makanan tidak sehat, terlebih bagi mereka yang tinggal di daerah perkotaan. Tujuan: Penelitian ini menguji dampak camilan lokal yang tersedia di sekolah terhadap kejadian obesitas pada remaja. Metode: Penelitian Ini menggunakan disain cross-sectional yang dilakukan di lima Sekolah Menengah Kejuruan (SMK) di Bekasi, Indonesia. Sebanyak 225 siswa berusia 16-18 tahun diamati status gizi dan konsumsi makanan ringan mereka. Indeks massa tubuh menurut usia (IMT/U) digunakan untuk menentukan status obesitas remaja. Diklasifi kasikan sebagai obesitas apabila nilai z score > 2SD sesuai dengan usia dan jenis kelamin mereka, menggunakan grafi k referensi WHO 2007. Siswa ditanya tentang konsumsi makanan mereka menggunakan kuesioner frekuensi makan (FFQ) semi kuantitatif. Odds ratio (OR) dihitung untuk setiap jenis makanan ringan dan nilai pHasil: Temuan penelitian ini menunjukkan bahwa 32,4% siswa mengalami obesitas. Konsumsi makanan ringan lokal yang terkait dengan obesitas termasuk makanan berlemak (OR, 2.18; 95% CI, 0.68 - 7.01; p = 0.19), makanan manis (1OR, 1.28; 95% CI, 0.70 – 2.35)), dan makanan asin (OR, 1,04; 95% CI, 0,40 - 2,71; p = 0,92). Tiga makanan dan minuman lokal teratas yang dikonsumsi oleh para siswa adalah Cireng (makanan goreng lokal yang terbuat dari tepung), teh, dan pizza (masing-masing dengan frekuensi 0,561, 0,429, 0,245 /hari). Kesimpulan: Konsumsi makanan ringan lokal yang dijual di SMK di Kota Bekasi tidak memiliki hubungan yang signifi kan terhadapt kejadian obesitas.KATA KUNCI: kebiasaan mengemil; obesitas pada remaja; konsumsi makananABSTRACT Background: Prevalence of overweight and obesity in adolescents (13 – 15 years) significantly increased from 7.3% in 2013 to 13.5% in 2018. The availability of many fast-food restaurants, both local and commercial, nearby the school increases the number of young people exposed to unhealthy food, especially those living in urban areas. Objectives: This study examined the impact of local unhealthy snacks available in the school on adolescent obesity. Methods: This was a cross-sectional study conducted in the fi ve Secondary Vocational School in Bekasi, Indonesia. A total of 225 students aged 16-18 years were observed for their nutritional status and snack consumption. Body mass index for age indices was used to determine the obesity status of adolescents, classifi ed as obese (>2SD) with respect to their age and sex using 2007 WHO reference charts. Students were asked about their food consumption using a semi-quantitative questionnaire. Odds ratios (ORs) was calculated for each type of snacks and pResults: Finding of this study shows that 32.4% of students were obese. The consumption of local snacks associated with obesity included fatty food (OR, 2.18; 95% CI, 0.68–7.01; p=0.19), sweet food (OR, 6.98; 95% CI, 3.00 – 16.25; pKEYWORDS: snacking behavior; obesity in adolescence; food consumption

Food choices with high antioxidant and low glycemic values may benefit the body's health. High total phenolic content will influence the antioxidant activity that works as a body shield from free radicals. On the other hand, higher glycemic values will increase the risk of non-communicable disease, specifically diabetes mellitus. It will be thoughtful to know the antioxidant activity and glycemic values of the food that consumed. Such in the case of non-meat products, including patty burger, which intended for meat patty burger substitution. This study aims to analyze the values of total phenolic content, antioxidant activity, glycemic response, glycemic index, and glycemic load of the non-meat burger patty. This is an experimental study with a completely randomized design. The total phenolic content was determined by Folin-ciocalteu method. Antioxidant activity was determined by DPPH method. The glycemic values were determined by an incremental area under the curve (iAUC) method. The values of total phenolic content and antioxidant activity of non-meat patty burger was in line. More phenolic content results in a higher antioxidant activity. Non-meat patty burger has a lower glycemic response compared to a reference food. Its glycemic index is high. However, it has a low glycemic load. Non-meat burger patty has phenolic substances result in antioxidant activity, while its consumption with the right serving size may contribute a low glycemic effect and protect blood glucose stability.

Objectives The purpose of this study was to describe the nutritional status and environmental problems in Banggai Regency. Methods This study was cross-sectional involved a total sampling of 1889 families and 617 children aged 0–59 months in 10 villages collected in 2018. Data were collected through interviews and anthropometric measurements using the Camry brand digital scales, length board, microtoise and interviews using a structured questionnaire. Data collection results were processed and analyzed using WHO Anthro and SPSS 21. Results This study shows that households (n = 1889) with clean water facility were 94.60%, protected water source was 83.50%, and presence of family latrines was 56.00%. The nutritional status (n = 617) by WAZ indices was overweight (2.27%), normal (72.77%), underweight (19.77%), and severely underweight (5.19%). Nutritional status by HAZ indices was normal (66.12%), stunting (24.8%), and severely stunting (9.08%). Nutritional status by WHZ indices was normal (90.76%), wasted (6.16%), and severely wasted (3.08%). Conclusions The major nutritional problems are stunting, while the absence of a latrine facility in the household was found to be the most environment problem in Banggai Regency. It is essential to improve the environment sanitation as this factor may be related to the stunting incidence in Banggai Regency.

Objective Compare the effect of Moringa oleifera (MO) leaf extract and iron tablets on pregnant women on low birth weight. Methods This study used a Randomized Double-Blind design controlled by using a sample of non-anemic pregnant women. Birth weight was measured using a digital scale electrically after delivery. Analysis of data using two independent samples t-test. Results Overall, there were no significant different between intervention and control group in terms of birth weight (3104.57 ± 52 vs. 3022.29 ± 53 g), birth length (48.06 ± 2.4 vs. 48.68 ± 2.6 cm), and head circumference (33.72 ± 1.50 vs. 33.55 ± 1.47 cm). The number of low birth weight infants in the intervention group of 8.6% and 11.4% of control. There is no difference in birth weight between the intervention with the control group (p = 0.365). Conclusion M. oleifera (MO) leaf extract supplement has similar effect to iron folate supplement in terms of low birth weight incidence. It is recommended for the government to use MO supplement, as local source supplement, replacing iron-folic supplement in improving pregnancy outcomes. A further study is necessary to see the effect of MO supplement to other pregnancy outcomes, including maternal and child mortality.

Objective: This study was to examine the effects of counselling delivered during antenatal care on the knowledge and attitudes of pregnant women about danger signs in pregnancy.Methods: This was a pre-experimental design using one group pre- and post-test only. This study was conducted in Takalar, specifically within Sanrobone Community Health Service working area. Takalar is located in South Sulawesi Province Indonesia and this area is coastal with the majority of people working as a fisherman. Participants of this study were pregnant women living in the villages which are included in the working area of Sanrobone Community Health Service.Results: The study shows that counselling improved knowledge and attitude of pregnant women about danger signs in pregnancy (p=0.011 and p=0.025, respectively). The number of pregnant women with good knowledge and positive attitude increased after the intervention (43.8% vs 93.8%, 62.5% vs 93.8%, respectively).Conclusions: In can be concluded that intervention by means of counselling can improve the knowledge and attitude of pregnant women about danger signs in pregnancy. Therefore, it is important to implement the counselling program delivered by health workers in Community Health Service in order to mitigate the risk of maternal mortality.

Objective This study aimed to investigate the effect of listening to the recitation of Qur’an, specifically Ar-Rahman surah, on the level of anxiety and the time of the first stage of labor in pregnant women. Method This study was a quasi-experiment using non-randomized pre- and post-test with control design. The study was conducted in Siti Fatimah Maternal and Child Hospital, a public hospital in Makassar City, Indonesia. Total 40 samples were selected purposively, and they were divided into two groups, 20 respondents in the intervention group and 20 respondents in the control group. Chi-square test was performed for data analysis. Results This study shows that there were significant changes in the level of anxiety after listening to Ar-Rahman surah (p Conclusion Listening to the recitation of Qur’an, especially Ar-Rahman surah, could reduce the anxiety burden of pregnant women in facing the labor process. This treatment may also give benefit to the cortisol level and reduced time for labor. A further study with a randomized controlled trial in a large-scale sample can robust the findings of this study.

Objective This study aimed to investigate the role of physical activity in the Hb level of adolescent girls who previously supplemented with the Moringa oleifera (MO) powder in Jeneponto District. Method This study was a quasi-experiment study with pre- and post-test control group design. It was conducted in four (4) senior high schools in Tamalate subdistrict, where anemia among adolescent girls is more prevalent compared to other subdistricts. Senior High School no 2, Babussalam DDI Kassi School, Vocational High School of Persada and Islamic High School of Darul I’tisham were purposively selected representing the public and private school in Jeneponto Regency. A total of 48 respondents divided into two groups, MO group (receiving MO powder with 2 × 2 of 500 mg capsule) and control group (without treatment), were observed for three months. Hb samples were collected twice with Finger Prick method using HemoCue. Mann–Whitney and Wilcoxon test were performed to analyze the result. Results There was no difference in characteristic variables between the treatment and the control group. This study shows that the average percentage of nutrient intakes was varied across the type of nutrients. The lowest was protein intake (1.85%) while the highest was vitamin A (27.22%). Linear regression analysis shows that physical activity did not change Hb levels (p = 0.11) with R2 was 0.054. Conclusion In summary, it was found that physical activity did not significantly affect Hb changes, as this factor only has a small contribution. Intensive monitoring and observation should be promoted to keep the students doing physical activity. Thus, they maybe protected to the risk of anemia.

Obesity has become a rising global health problem affecting adults’ quality of life. The objective of this study was to describe the prevalence of obesity in Indonesian adults based on the cluster of islands. The study was also aimed to identify the risk factors of obesity in each island cluster. This study analysed secondary data of Indonesian Basic Health Research 2018. Our data for analysis comprised 688,638 adults (>=15 years) randomly selected using proportionate to population size throughout Indonesia. We included 20 variables for sociodemographic and obesity-related risk factors for analysis. Obese status was defined using Body Mass Index (BMI) >= 27.5 kg/m2. Our current study defined seven major islands cluster as the unit analysis consisting of 34 provinces in Indonesia. Descriptive analysis was conducted to determine the characteristics of the population and to calculate the prevalence of obesity within provinces in each of the island’s clusters. Multivariate logistic regression analyses to calculate odds ratios (ORs) was performed using R version 3.6.3. The study results showed that all island clusters had at least one province with an obesity prevalence of more than 20%. Six out of twenty variables, comprising four diet factors (consumption of sweet food, high-salt food, meat food, and carbonated drinks) and two other factors (mental health disorders and smoking behaviour), varied across the island clusters. In conclusion, there was a variation of obesity prevalence of the provinces within and between island clusters. Variation of risk factors raised in each cluster island suggested the government rethink and reframe the intervention to address obesity.

Background: Stunting remains a major public health problem in Majene, Indonesia. School-based nutrition education is an effective strategy to reduce the prevalence of stunting in all settings. The teachers are the key to implementing the strategy in order to improve the students’ behavior and nutritional status.Purpose: The study aimed to explore the teachers’ perceptions about stunting.Method: A qualitative case-study approach was employed using two focus group discussions in four secondary schools. The study participants were teachers of biology, physical education and health science, and religious subjects or supervisor of school extracurricular activities. A total of 22 teachers were interviewed following the guidelines and were recorded using a camera and tape recorder. The transcription process was done using an inductive-interactive model.Result: The perceptions of teachers about stunting are varied. It might be due to teachers’ knowledge, value, and experiences, which also diverged. One teacher perceived that stunting is a mismatch between the child's weight and age, while another perceived genetics as the main cause. Interestingly, a teacher perceived that stunting is related to religion. Prayer has function as a spirit in creating a mindset towards food and drinks. Likewise, the prevention of stunting is also through worship and prayer during pregnancy. Low cognitive skill and productivity, illness, and detrimental to the state are the common impacts of stunting. In addition, teachers also mentioned that there are several agencies involved in the stunting intervention programs, including BPOM.Conclusion: There were variations of teacher perceptions about stunting definition, causes, impacts, prevention, and implementers of stunting programs.

Foxtail millet (Setaria Italica) and flying fish (Hyrundicthysoxycephalus) are the most widely available food in West Sulawesi province, potentially to be developed into functional food as they contain many nutrients and bioactive components which may be beneficial for health. This study aimed to explore the nutrients content of foxtail millet and flying fish cookies as a functional food and to evaluate organoleptic aspects of the product. Design of this study was pre-experimental. Wheat, foxtail millet and flying fish were used as the component of the flour. There are five treatments were employed in this study, which were presented in %: F1=70:25:5, F2=70:20:10, F3=70:15:15, F4=70:10:20, and F5=70:5:25. The organoleptic test performed to girl students from three senior high schools in Mamuju, West Sulawesi province by a hedonic method used five scores and analyzed by Kruskall-Wallis test (α=0.05). The panellists were considered to accept the product when the score was in between 3 to 5. The findings indicated that the best combination of wheat flour: foxtail millet flour: flying fish flour ratio was F3 cookie. The score for colour, taste, and texture was above 3 (3.7 ± 0.9, 3.7 ± 0.9, and 3.5 ± 0.8, respectively). A proximate test showed that F3 cookies contained protein (11.89%), carbohydrate (45.19%), crude fibre (4.51%), and fat (21.30%), water (5.94%), and ash (1.26%).In conclusion, the use of foxtail millet and flying fish for cookies was acceptable and high nutrition content. A further study is needed to examine the health benefit of the cookies.

BACKGROUND: Since the first cases in Wuhan China have been reported, the Coronavirus disease (COVID)-19 cases increased exponentially over the world. This disease might affect physical and mental well-being. AIM: This study was aimed to examine the emotional state and physical condition of college students during the COVID-19 pandemic in Indonesia. METHODS: The study used a cross-sectional survey design in April 2020. The participants of the survey were adult that currently enrolled at one of the universities in Indonesia from diploma-1 to master’s degree. Information from a total of 1044 participants could be obtained. We used the developed self-reported questionnaire to collect information regarding socio-demographic, personal hygiene and healthy lifestyle, anthropometric measurement data, and depressive symptoms. Pearson Chi-square and Fisher’s exact test were performed using SPSS v.24 with a significant level of P < 0.05. RESULTS: This study found that 31.1% of participants are possible depressed. Of 1044 students, 35.3% were malnourished (16.5% underweight and 18.8% overweight/obese). Factors associated with depressive symptoms are sleep longer than usual, gathering with family members, and working (for income-generating). CONCLUSION: The COVID-19 probably affected the majority of Indonesian college students, especially for emotional and physical condition. The government should not neglect this group by providing clinical and social supports for their well-being.

BACKGROUND: Studies linking the association of nutrition knowledge, attitudes, and practices (KAP) with healthy behavior have been well established. However, the method to effectively deliver nutrition education to a particular population, especially middle-income population, was less studied. AIM: This study aimed to examine the effects of school-based nutrition using the self-determination theory (SDT) on nutrition KAP of the senior secondary schoolteacher with metabolic syndrome risk. METHODS: This study was a non-randomized pre-post intervention study conducted in eight senior secondary schools in Makassar City. The intervention group received a balanced nutrition package either delivered through modules, balance sheet (calendar), or physical activity poster for 4 months. The control group received a pamphlet that has been developed by the Ministry of Health of the Republic of Indonesia. RESULTS: A total of 123 respondents (63 respondents) intervention and (60 respondent) control group completed post-test and were included in the analysis. There were increase knowledge, attitude, and practice in both groups, but increasing in the intervention group was a significant relationship compared to the control group (knowledge p < 0.001 and practice = 0.007).s CONCLUSIONS: Delivering nutrition education using SDT concept can potentially improve the knowledge and practices of the teachers about balanced nutrition. The government may adopt the SDT approach when designing the nutrition education program with specific targets.

Background: Low birth weight (LBW) is one of the main causes of morbidity and mortality besides preterm birth. Proper interventions during pregnancy can prevent an adverse pregnancy outcome. This study aims to see the effect of Moringa leaf capsule on birth weight.Methods: This study was double blind randomized controlled trial (DB-RCT) which consisted of three groups namely, Moringa powder (PG), Moringa extract (EG), and iron-folate (IG) groups. The intervention was given for 12 weeks. The samples were 453 pregnant women in six sub-districts in Jeneponto Regency. Data on birth weight and placental weight were measured by trained midwives. The weight of the placenta was measured to determine the placental ratio to birth weight. In addition, some socio-economic variables such as age, gestational age, eating frequency, smoking, and Hb levels were measured in this study. Logistic and linear regression were conducted in this study.Result: The Moringa leaf supplementation groups (PG and EG) delivered child with better weight than iron supplementation (3240.03±453.82, 3161.91±527.70, 3100.89±412.15, respectively). The placenta to birth weight ratio (PBWR) showed that IG group became lowest, merely 16.19%. The most influenced factor to LBW is the unhappiness of the women with her pregnancy (OR = 26.3, 95% CI = 1.227 - 566.474, p = 0.037).Conclusion: Moringa powder supplementation can be used as an alternative in improving new born baby weight. Pregnant women need to be happy and avoid stress to prevent LBW.

Background: The prevalence of anemia among pregnant women is becoming public health problem worldwide including Indonesia. The aim of this study was to examine the prevalence and determinant factors of anemia among pregnant mothers in Jeneponto Regency, Indonesia.Methods: This cross-sectional study was conducted in six sub-districts (Bangkala, Bontoramba, Tamalatea, Binamu, Tarowang, and Kelara subdistricts) in Jeneponto Regency, South Sulawesi, Indonesia. A total 616 samples of pregnant women were evaluated. The DiaspectTM tool was used to measure hemoglobin (Hb) by Cyanmethemoglobin method. Data regarding household characteristics, pregnancy history, maternal age, supplementary feeding (PMT) programme enrolment, and dietary pattern was collected by trained enumerators. Data were analyzed using chi-square and performed by SPSS.Results: There was 17.3% of study participant did not complete primary school or never attended school. As many as 82.4% of households had members that still actively smoked. The majority of households had latrines (62.0%), homes constructed from wood/bamboo (69.5%), and drinking water from cement wells (28.2%). The average body weight and height were 53.88 kg and 152.37 cm, respectively. The average middle-upper arm circumference was 25.72 cm, and mean Hb was 11.31 g/dL. The prevalence of anemia in Jeneponto Regency reached 39.08%. Only two determinant factors were significantly associated with anemia: Gestational age and PMT programme enrollment.Conclusion: The prevalence of anemia in pregnant women in Jeneponto Regency remains very high and exceeds global and national prevalence rates. Gestational age and PMT programme enrollment are two anemia determinant factors among pregnant mothers in Jeneponto Regency.

The nutrition transition in low-middle income countries is marked by rising intakes of highly caloric, low nutrient-dense (junk) foods, decreasing intakes of fruits and vegetables, and sedentary behavior. The objective of this study was to explore interactions among fruit-and-vegetable intake, junk food energy intake, sedentary behavior, and obesity in Indonesian children. We conducted this school-based, case-control study in 2013 in Yogyakarta Special Province, Indonesia. The cases were 244 obese children aged 7&ndash, 12 years having a BMI &gt, 95th percentile of an age- and sex-specific distribution from the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. The controls (n = 244) were classroom-matched children with a BMI &lt, 85th percentile. Using conditional logistic regression, the relative odds (95% confidence intervals, OR: 95% CI) of obesity given reported frequent fruit-and-vegetable intake (&ge, 3 servings/day), low junk food energy (&le, 1050 kcal/day) intake and low sedentary behavior (&lt, 5 h/day) was 0.46 (0.30&ndash, 0.69), 0.61 (0.37&ndash, 0.98), and 0.18 (0.12&ndash, 0.28), respectively. Effect sizes were dose-responsive and appeared additive. For example, children with low sedentary behavior and frequent fruit-and-vegetable intake were 92% less likely (OR = 0.08, 0.04&ndash, 0.15) to be obese than children not exceeding either of these thresholds. Similarly, children frequently eating fruits and vegetables and reporting a low junk food energy intake were 70% less likely (OR = 0.30, 0.15&ndash, 0.59) to be obese. The findings were unchanged after adjusting for child, maternal, and household covariates. Preventive interventions for child obesity need multiple components to improve diets and raise levels of physical activity rather than just addressing one of the three types of assessed behaviors.

We conducted an interdisciplinary One Health study of potential links between agricultural, health and associated livelihood factors on the livelihoods of smallholder cocoa-growing families in West Sulawesi. Our 2017 survey of 509 cocoa smallholder family members in 120 households in Polewali-Mandar District, West Sulawesi, Indonesia showed that farmers face many challenges to improving their livelihoods, including land management, agricultural practices, nutrition and human health, animal health, aging and demographic changes. Price fluctuations, limited access to capital and poor health deterred farmers from applying agricultural inputs and resulted in levels of low cocoa production (275 kg/annum per household). While market demand for live goats in the region is substantial and expected to increase, uptake of mixed farming with goats by smallholders was low. However, most households kept chickens. Bank accounts were held by 31% of households. Inadequate sanitation and unsafe water were reported in >50% households. Anthropometric measures showed that 42% of children under five years were significantly stunted and 32% of women were overweight. Joint, back pain and blurry vision were reported by 30% of adult respondents. High blood pressure contributed to complications in 20% of pregnancies. Primary health care provided by district health services mainly focuses on maternal and child health, leaving chronic health problems such as Type 2 diabetes, cataracts, arthritis and mental illness under-diagnosed, and if diagnosed, with inadequate treatment. Availability of food was a source of worry for 58% of households with 63% reporting limited food variety. Dietary diversity was low with an average of four out of ten food categories consumed in each household. Positive correlations were recorded for household cocoa productivity, land size, dietary diversity and perceptions that food availability and variety was sufficient. The results showed that an integrated One Health approach provides deep understanding of priority areas for improving livelihoods., Highlights • A household survey of a cocoa-dependent community in Sulawesi indicated low productivity, incomes and uptake of mixed farming. • Results showed variable health services, chronic health conditions and childhood stunting. • Dietary diversity and perceptions of food availability were low. • The interdependency of problems facing smallholders supports an integrated (One Health) approach.

Background: According to Basic Health Research (Riskesdas) 2010 the prevalence of obesity in Yogyakarta was 78% in 2010. Increasing prevalence of obesity in school children is mainly related to sedentary activities and decreasing medium-high physical activities.Objective: To fi nd out whether sedentary behavior was risk factor for obesity in school children and identify the level of its contribution.Method: The study used case-control design. Population consisted of elementary school (either state or private) children of grade 1-5 at Yogyakarta and Bantul. The selection of school during screening phase was based on probability proportional to size (PPS) method. The choice of cases in children diagnosed obese during screening phase used simple random sampling supported with random table tool and matching of school. Based on sample basic calculation there were 488 samples consisting of 244 cases and 244 controls. Data of physical activities were obtained through modifi ed questionnaire on children’s physical activities (CPAQ). Data were processed using software of Epidata v 3.1 and STATA v.11. Analysis used univariate, bivariate, and multivariate analysis with t-test, anova, and logistic regression. Result: Duration of sedentary behavior in obese students was longer than those not obese with average difference 49.81 minutes/day (pConclusion: Sedentary behavior was risk factor for the incidence of obesity in elementary school children. Average duration of sedentary activities of obese children was higher than those not obese. Based on residency, average duration of sedentary activities of obese children in urban area was higher than those living in rural area. KEYWORDS: physical activities, overweight, rural, urban, elementary school childrenABSTRAKLatar belakang: Berdasarkan Riset Kesehatan Dasar (Riskesdas) tahun 2010, prevalensi obesitas di Yogyakarta adalah 78% pada tahun 2010. Peningkatan prevalensi obesitas pada anak sekolah sangat berkaitan dengan aktivitas sedentari dan berkurangnya aktivitas fi sik.Tujuan: Untuk Mengetahui apakah perilaku sedentari merupakan faktor risiko terhadap obesitas anak sekolah dan mengidentifi kasi seberapa besar kontribusinya.Metode: Penelitian ini merupakan penelitian kasus kontrol. Populasi terdiri dari anak-anak sekolah dasar (baik negeri maupun swasta) kelas 1-5 di Yogyakarta dan Bantul. Pemilihan sekolah selama fase skrining berdasarkan metode probability proportional to size (PPS). Kasus adalah anak-anak yang didiagnosis obesitas pada saat fase skrining, menggunakan simple random sampling didukung dengan tabel random dan dilakukan matching pada sekolah tersebut. Berdasarkan perhitungan sampel, terdapat 488 sampel yang terdiri dari 244 kasus dan 244 kontrol. Data aktivitas fisik diperoleh menggunakan formulir CPAQ. Data diproses menggunakan Epidata v 3.1 and STATA v.11. Analisa data yang digunakan adalah univariat, bivariat, and analisa multivariat dengan t-test, anova, dan logistic regression.Hasil: Durasi perilaku sedentari pada siswa obesitas lebih lama dibandingkan mereka yang tidak obesitas dengan ratarata perbedaan 49,81 menit/hari (pKesimpulan:Perilaku sedentari merupakan faktor risiko terhadap kejadian obesitas pada anak-anak sekolah dasar. Rata-rata durasi perilaku sedentari pada anak yang obes lebih tinggi dibandingkan anak yang tidak obes. Berdasarkan tempat tinggal, rata-rata durasi perilaku sedentari pada anak obes di kota lebih tinggi dibandingkan yang di desa.KATA KUNCI: aktivitas fi sik, overweight, desa, kota, anak SD

Maternal mortality is still becoming major public health problems over the world. All countries, especially developing countries has taken a part to deal with this problem. The most common causes of maternal morbidity and mortality is anaemia during pregnancy. It is estimated that almost 30% of reproductive women are anaemic while pregnant women were 38.2%. Micronutrient supplementation is widely used to prevent anaemia during pregnancy and proved that the pregnancy outcome wasbetter. However, a Moringa leaf, a local plant, is considered to contribute on anaemia prevention. This literature explained the benefit of micronutrient and Moringa-based supplementation in anaemia prevention and better pregnancy outcome. Based on literature, iron-folic acid is a global standard supplement program which used in many developing countries to prevent anaemia during pregnancy. Currently, studies on Moringa extract give evidence to government and community to utilize this local food in order to prevent anaemia and adverse pregnancy outcome. &nbsp

There are several options that can be done to enforce lowering level of sugary drinks such as strengthening the regulation, taxation of the product and food labeling. Aims & Objectives: identify the policy in Indonesia that regulates the quantity and the use of sugar in a beverage product; 2) describe sugar content in a sugar-sweetened beverages (SSB) product and its impact on human health. Material & Methods: Literature search of sugar use and the tax policies of SSB products has been conducted and found 6 relevant documents. A total 91 SSB products were selected systematically through selected 5 beverages randomly per/day for 20 days. Beverages chosen were certified Halal by Majelis Ulama Indonesia, having product labeling, and certified by BPOM. Results: Indonesia has no policies related to restriction of sugar use. The contribution of sugar to energy of SSB product energy is quite high (75.68%). SSB intake may increase the risk of obesity and non-communicable disease. Conclusion: The absence of tax policy and the rules that regulate use of sugar in a product can cause an increasing of sugar consumption a day. It could potentially lead to non-communicable diseases which consequences are enormous in health financing. The government needs to create policies that may prevent the widespread impact of sugar consumption. Advocacy effort to encourage the establishing of SSB taxation should be done

Kekurangan vitamin A dapat berpengaruh pada peningkatan morbiditas ibu nifas maupun bayi yang baru lahir. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui dampak pemberian vitamin A dosis tinggi (2vitA dan 1vitA), minyak goreng fortifikasi (Forti A) dan edukasi gizi (Edukasi) terhadap morbiditas ibu dan bayi. Penelitian ini menggunakan desain kuasi ekpesimen. Jumlah subjek dalam penelitian ini sebesar 295 subjek yang dipilih berdasarkan kriteria inklusi. Morbiditas terutama terkait ISPA dan diare diukur setiap 2 minggu sampai bayi berusia 3 bulan. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan rata-rata ibu nifas dalam penelitian ini berusia 27 tahun dan sekitar 42% ibu nifas telah menyelesaikan pendidikan sampai tingkat SMA. Rata-rata frekuensi sakit ISPA ibu pada kelompok Forti A lebih rendah dibandingkan dengan kelompok 2vitA, 1vitA dan edukasi yakni masing-masing 0.04, 0.31, 0.95 dan 0.29 (p

Based on the initial study, the prevalence of anaemia in pregnant women reached 39.0%. This study aims to see the effect Moringa leaf (extract and powder) to haemoglobin concentration among pregnant women. This study is true experimental by using double-blind randomized control trial design (DB-RCT). The study conducted in six sub-districts located in Jeneponto District. Total 616 samples have been selected purposively and pregnant women with diseases were excluded. Samples were divided into three groups, Moringa leave powder (PG), Moringa leave extract (EG), and folic-iron (IG) and have been administered for 12-weeks. Samples dropped out were 92 with several reasons. Therefore, only 524 samples could be analysed at Endline study. There were no characteristic variables have statistically significant, the current study shows that the majority of household do not have trash can (81.9%). Overall, after intervention, haemoglobin concentration declined significantly from 11.36 to 10.71 (p

Maternal and child health problems in Indonesia are alarming, such as mortality, chronic energy deficiency (CED) among pregnant women, low birth weight and stunting among infants. These problems can be addressed by taking early precautions during pregnancy. Supplementary feeding (PMT) program is available for CED pregnant women. This study aims to examine the effect of PMT program on pregnancy output. A total 211 of pregnant women in Parepare municipality were selected as study participants. The design of this study was cohort. This study compared between CED pregnant women who get PMT program and non-CED pregnant women who did not get PMT program. Both of these groups also obtained iron folic acid (IFA) tablets. The measurements of Hb were conducted in each trimester, while weight and mid-upper arm circumference (MUAC) twice. Determination of Hb used HemoCue (Hb201+ system). Weight measurement using weight scale owned by Community Health Centre. This study was conducted from March 2017 to May 2018. Results of anthropometric measurements, in both CED and non-CED groups, there was a significant changes from baseline to endline measurement (p

Pregnancy is the most critical period of growth and development change. Low and high birth weight infant would be having in the future the risk of many health problems. Adequate gestational weight gain (GWG) based on preconception body mass index (BMI) is important for optimal birth weight infants. This study aimed to 1) assess the relationship between preconception BMI and totalGWG; 2) calculate proportion of mother who does not meet weight gain recommendation. The longitudinal prospective study conducted from February 2013 to June 2014. The total 37 preconception women enrolled as samples and only 18 samples can be measured for GWG in 3rd trimester. Exclusion criteria were: 1) no data weighing for more than 3 months, 2) no records of first day of last menstrual period (LMP), and 3) miscarriage. Data of GWG compared to weight gain recommendations based on preconception BMI issued by Institute of Medicine. Collected data were analyzed by using STATA v.11. T-test was used to analyze the mean differences of BMI among groups then regression analysis was operated to assess the RR of GWG and nutritional status. We found no significant associations between preconception BMI and GWG (p>0.05). Based on maternal nutritional status at preconception, the highest risk not reaching GWG recommendation were in underweight women in 3rd trimester (RR=1, 43 [95%CI: 1, 00-2, 06]) (p

Stress in women, before and during pregnancy, may result in a negative impact on the mother and fetus. In Indonesia, the anxiety rate in primigravida pregnant women when facing labor is higher than multigravida. Every pregnant woman makes an attempt to overcome or manage stress in her pregnancy in order to adapt and cope with stress. To find out the coping ability, pregnant women should find the source of stress prior to labor. This study was conducted to determine the direct and indirect factors affecting the coping ability in primigravida pregnant women. The study used a cross sectional study method through PLS analysis. The study population consisted of primigravida pregnant women, and a sample of 200 of them was taken. The measurement results of Path Coefficients and TStatistics on the influence of variables in the structural model and overall variables showed a positive and significant effect. The T statistic value of all variables was above the critical value (1.96). The results of the PLS test indicated that the empowerment and social support variables, directly and indirectly, influenced the coping abilities. Trust, personality, lifestyle, perceptions, and attitudes had impacts directly on the coping abilities. The percentage of the direct and indirect influence between variables was 97.92%. Empowerment, social support, personality, lifestyle, perceptions, and attitudes variables had an influence on the coping abilities of primigravida pregnant women. A controlled trial study should be done to see the impact of this model on reducing the risks during pregnancy.