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Alternative whitening strategies to hydrogen peroxide have been proposed, such as the inclusion of abrasive and/or pigmented particles in the toothpaste. This study compared the whitening effectiveness of a toothpaste containing Blue Covarine (BC) vs. an in-office whitening treatment using 35% hydrogen peroxide (HP) in teeth stained. Bovine incisors blocks (6.0x6.0x2.0 mm) were stained with green tea (GT), orange soda (OS), or red wine (RW). The samples were randomly assigned into 8 groups (n=15), according to the type of staining and whitening treatment: G1 – no staining, BC (Control); G2 – no staining, HP (Control); G3 – GT, BC; G4 – GT, HP; G5 – OS, BC; G6 – OS, HP; G7 – RW, BC; G8 – RW, HP. Color change (ΔE), luminosity (L*), green-red axis (a*), and blue-yellow axis (b*) were recorded with spectroscopy at T0 – baseline, T1 – immediately after toothbrushing or in-office tooth whitening, and T2 – after the conclusion of the treatments. The whiteness index for dentistry (WID) was calculated. Data were analyzed by two-way repeated measured mixed ANOVA and Bonferroni test (α=0.05). HP showed a better whitening performance (ΔE) (p ≤ 0.042). Otherwise, no effects of the whitening agent were observed (p = 1.000). Data from ΔL, Δa, and Δb showed statistically significant differences for experimental groups (p < 0.001). In the WID analysis, BC and HP had similar effects within control and RW groups. In conclusion, blue covarine toothpaste may be a viable option for extrinsically stained teeth. However, for severe staining, HP-based whitening agents proved to be the most effective treatment strategy.Keywords: Tooth Bleaching. Dentifrices. Color. ResumoEstratégias de clareamento alternativas ao peróxido de hidrogênio têm sido propostas, como a inclusão de partículas abrasivas e/ou pigmentadas nos cremes dentais. Este estudo comparou a eficácia clareadora de um creme dental contendo Blue Covarine (BC) com um tratamento de clareamento em consultório com peróxido de hidrogênio a 35% (HP) em dentes pigmentados. Blocos de incisivos bovinos (6,0x6,0x2,0 mm) foram pigmentados com chá verde (GT), refrigerante de laranja (OS) ou vinho tinto (RW). As amostras foram distribuídas aleatoriamente em 8 grupos (n = 15), de acordo com o tipo de pigmento e tratamento clareador: G1 - sem coloração, CB (Controle); G2 - sem coloração, HP (Controle); G3 - GT, BC; G4 - GT, HP; G5 - OS, BC; G6 - SO, HP; G7 - RW, BC; G8 - RW, HP. Mudança de cor (ΔE), luminosidade (L *), eixo verde-vermelho (a*) e eixo azul-amarelo (b*) foram registrados com espectroscopia em T0 - baseline, T1 - imediatamente após a escovação ou clareamento dental em consultório, e T2 - após a conclusão dos tratamentos. O índice de brancura para odontologia (WID) foi calculado. Os dados foram analisados por ANOVA mista de duas vidas para medidas repetidas e teste de Bonferroni (α = 0,05). HP apresentou melhor desempenho de clareamento (ΔE) (p ≤ 0,042). Os dados de ΔL, Δa e Δb mostraram diferenças estatisticamente significativas para os grupos experimentais (p

Orthognathic surgery is performed for the correction of craniofacial discrepancies. However, complications, such as tooth discoloration are possible. This case report presents two patients who underwent bilateral sagittal split ramus osteotomy associated with segmental Le Fort I osteotomy and genioplasty. During surgeries, the apical region of anterior teeth was accidentally injured in both cases. After three-week surgery follow-up, the injured teeth showed a change in color to dark pink. In both teeth, the root canal treatment was performed followed by the non vital tooth bleaching. Three sessions were necessary to achieve a significant color change of the teeth. The two-year follow-up showed that both teeth preserved an acceptable color. It was concluded that tooth discoloration after orthognathic surgery is a possible complication, which could be overcome following a conservative approach. Additionally, patients should be informed preoperatively.

Made available in DSpace on 2022-04-29T08:36:36Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 0 Previous issue date: 2022-04-01 This randomized, controlled, and double-blinded clinical trial evaluated the clinical performance of dental bleaching performed with 6% hydrogen peroxide containing TiO2–N nanoparticles exposed to blue and violet activation lights. Forty volunteers, selected according to the inclusion and exclusion criteria, were randomly distributed into four experimental groups (n = 10): 35% hydrogen peroxide (PH35)—control; 6% hydrogen peroxide (PH6) containing TiO2–N nanoparticles without light activation; PH6 activated with a blue LED (PH6A); and PH6 activated with a violet LED (PH6V). The three bleaching sessions consisted of 3 consecutive 16-min applications of the bleaching agent described for each group. The groups receiving LED activation were exposed to light intermittently every 1 min, with a total exposure time of 8 min in each application. Efficacy was determined by the color variation in the upper central incisors and canines, using reflectance spectroscopy analysis performed by a calibrated evaluator (ICC = 0.83). Tooth sensitivity was characterized according to the presence and intensity (SI) self-recorded in specific forms. The group treated with PH6V was as effective as the control group (PH35), whereas the groups PH6A and PH6 showed lower efficacy. Regardless of the activation, all groups treated with 6% hydrogen peroxide were less likely to cause sensitivity compared to the control group (PH35). The use pf PH6 activated by LED violet resulted in an effective and safe clinical protocol for in-office dental bleaching. Trial registration number: RBR-8pbydg; registration date: 08/29/2017. Department of Restorative Dentistry Araraquara School of Dentistry UNESP – Univ Estadual Paulista Department of Restorative Dentistry Araraquara School of Dentistry UNESP – Univ Estadual Paulista

Tooth whitening can be considered as one of the simplest, quickest and minimally invasive treatments for the aesthetic improvement of darkened teeth, in addition to presenting a low cost when compared to other restorative aesthetic alternatives...

This randomized, controlled, and double-blinded clinical trial evaluated the clinical performance of dental bleaching performed with 6% hydrogen peroxide containing TiO

Made available in DSpace on 2018-11-12T17:27:15Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 0 Previous issue date: 2018-08-01. Added 1 bitstream(s) on 2018-11-12T17:35:15Z : No. of bitstreams: 1 S1807-25772018000400205.pdf: 135962 bytes, checksum: d6c2aef31e5047bcf0209c84ab524378 (MD5) ResumoIntroduçãoForradores cavitários à base de hidróxido de cálcio apresentam baixa resistência e alta solubilidade. Para resolver este problema, foi desenvolvido forradores à base de hidróxido de cálcio fotoativáveis contendo resina para melhorar suas propridades.ObjetivoA proposta deste estudo foi avaliar a alteração de pH e liberação de cálcio de forradores fotoativáveis.Material e métodoForam preparadas amostras (n=10) com Ultra-Blend® plus, Biocal ® (cimentos fotoativáveis) e Hydro C® (controle). As amostras foram armazenadas com 10 mL de água destilada e mantidas em estufa à 37 °C. Depois de 24 horas, 7 e 14 dias, foram avaliados os níveis de liberação de cálcio e a alteração de pH. Os dados foram analisados estatisticamente pelo teste ANOVA, seguido do pós teste Tukey (α = 0.05).ResultadoOs resultados de pH mostraram Hydro C > Ultra-Blend plus > Biocal. Biocal apresentou a pior liberação de cálcio.ConclusãoMateriais fotoativados apresentam menor liberação de cálcio e alteração nos valores de pH. AbstractIntroductionCavity liners based calcium hydroxide present low strength and high solubility that is consider a disadvantage. In order to enhance these properties it was developed a light-cured cavity liner based calcium hydroxide containing resin.ObjectiveThe purpose of this study was to evaluate the pH and calcium release of light-cured cavity liners.Material and methodThere were prepared specimens (n=10) with the Ultra-Blend ® plus, Biocal® (light cured cements) and Hydro C® (control). The samples were stored in 10 mL of distilled water and maintained at 37 °C. After 24 hours, 7, and 14 days, there were analyzed pH and the release of calcium levels. The data were statistically analyzed by ANOVA and Tukey test (α = 0.05).ResultThe results of pH showed Hydro C > Ultra-Blend plus > Biocal. Biocal presented worst calcium release.ConclusionLight-cured materials present lower calcium release and alteration in pH values. Universidade Estadual Paulista Faculdade de Odontologia de Araraquara Universidade de Rio Verde Universidade Estadual Paulista Faculdade de Odontologia de Araraquara

Made available in DSpace on 2021-06-25T10:57:27Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 0 Previous issue date: 2021-06-01 Background: To evaluate the effects of three protocols for removing 0.01 % methylene blue from the post space after photodynamic therapy on bond strength and tag formation in the dentin of the fiber post space, using a conventional cementation system with an etch-and-rinse or universal adhesive system. Methods: Sixty human canines were endodontically treated for fiber post cementation. The specimens were randomized into 6 groups (n = 10): G1, G2, G3, G4, G5, and G6. The G1, G2, and G3 groups were irrigated with saline solution, 2.5 % sodium hypochlorite (NaOCl), and 2.5 % NaOCl, agitated by passive ultrasonic irrigation (PUI), respectively. In these groups, a conventional cementation system with etch-and-rinse adhesive was used. The G4, G5, and G6 groups were irrigated with the respective solutions mentioned above and cemented using a conventional cementation system with universal adhesive. Tag formation in the dentin was evaluated by confocal laser scanning microscopy. The push-out bond strength test was performed on three thirds of the specimens. Results: In the cervical and middle thirds, the greatest extent of dentin tag formation occurred in the G1 (p = 0.023 and p = 0.033, respectively). In the apical third, G1, G2, and G3 demonstrated similar tag formation between themselves (p = 0.089). In the cervical and middle thirds, G4 demonstrated the highest bond strength when compared to the other groups (p < 0.05). Conclusion: The protocols for removing 0.01 % methylene blue with NaOCl, irrespective of the involvement of passive ultrasonic irrigation, negatively effects the bond strength and tag formation in the dentin of the post space. Department of Restorative Dentistry Araraquara School of Dentistry São Paulo State University – UNESP, Humaitá Street, No. 1680 School of Dentistry Federal University of Pará – UFPA, Augusto Corrêa Street, No. 1 - Guamá Department of Restorative Dentistry Araraquara School of Dentistry São Paulo State University – UNESP, Humaitá Street, No. 1680

Objectives To evaluate the effects of number of bleaching sessions on fracture resistance and dentin microhardness in endodontically treated teeth using 15% hydrogen peroxide with titanium dioxide nanoparticles (15HPTiO2) associated to light emitting diode (LED)—laser system. Materials and methods Forty human incisors were endodontically treated and divided according to the number of bleaching sessions (n = 10, each group): G1 — no treatment G2 — one; G3 — two; and G4 — three sessions. The 15HPTiO2 was applied within the pulp chamber and on the buccal surface, then photoactivated using LED—laser. All experimental specimens were restored with ionomer glass cement between each session and in the final treatment. Specimens were then subjected to the fracture resistance test (kN), using an electromechanical machine. To the dentin microhardness evaluation, 40 crown extracted endodontically treated human teeth were longitudinally sectioned, divided into groups as previously described (n = 10), and submitted to similar bleaching protocol. Dentin microhardness was evaluated before and after the final dental bleaching session in each group using Knoop indentator. Data were analyzed by analysis of variance (ANOVA) and Tukey tests (p = 0.05). Results The fracture resistance values were similar among all groups (p > 0.05). The number of dental bleaching sessions had a negative influence on the microhardness dentin, because G4 > G3 > G2 > G1 (p < 0.05). Conclusion The number of bleaching sessions using 15% hydrogen peroxide with titanium dioxide nanoparticles associated to LED—laser system had no influence on the fracture resistance of the endodontically treated teeth crowns, but promoted a reduction in dentin microhardness. How to cite this article Garrido LDMA, Kuga MC, Kalatzis- Sousa NG, Dantas AAR, Tonetto MR, Leonardo RDT, Jordão- Basso KCF, Lima SL, Borges AH, Bandeca MC. Influence of the Number of Bleaching Sessions on Fracture Resistance and Dentin Microhardness of Endodontically Treated Teeth. World J Dent 2017;8(1):5-9.

Made available in DSpace on 2019-10-06T16:15:01Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 0 Previous issue date: 2019-01-01. Added 1 bitstream(s) on 2019-10-09T18:35:14Z : No. of bitstreams: 1 S1678-77572019000100429.pdf: 407194 bytes, checksum: aa1f1c30787b57dae8a2dc62f8fd9932 (MD5) The efficacy of whitening toothpastes is questionable and controversial. Clinicians, patients and researchers have expressed concern with whitening toothpastes due to the risk of wearing the dental structure and the potential for disappointment if the advertised cosmetic results are not achieved. Objective: This study compared the whitening performance of toothpastes with different whitening technologies after initial and continued use. Material and Methods: Ninety bovine incisors were stained using a concentrated solution of black tea. They were randomly distributed into 6 groups, according to the toothpaste whitening technology: activated charcoal (B&W), blue covarine (WAD), hydrogen peroxide (LWA), microbeads (Oral B 3D White Perfection - 3DW) and optimized abrasives (XW4D). They were compared to a traditional toothpaste without a whitening agent (TA - control). Specimens underwent a brushing machine with controlled pressure, time and temperature. A calibrated examiner measured the color using a VITAClassical scale before the first brushing cycle (T0), after the first brushing cycle (TI), and after a brushing cycle that simulates continuous use (TCU). Whitening performance was evaluated by the difference of shades (ΔSGU) between T0-TI and T0-TCU timepoints, using the Kruskal-Wallis and Dunn’s non-parametric test. The Wilcoxon test was used to evaluate the cumulative effect (α=0.05). fferences were observed between toothpastes in both TI and TCU (p

Made available in DSpace on 2018-11-26T16:19:28Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 0 Previous issue date: 2015-11-01. Added 1 bitstream(s) on 2019-10-09T18:25:50Z : No. of bitstreams: 1 S1678-77572015000600609.pdf: 134301 bytes, checksum: b193d22721d39d0b363edc4bdf2e8f5c (MD5) Made available in DSpace on 2018-11-26T16:19:28Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 0 Previous issue date: 2015-11-01. Added 1 bitstream(s) on 2019-10-09T18:25:50Z : No. of bitstreams: 1 S1678-77572015000600609.pdf: 134301 bytes, checksum: b193d22721d39d0b363edc4bdf2e8f5c (MD5) UNESP (PIBIC - UNESP) FGM Objective: The purpose of this in vitro study was to compare the efficacy of a bleaching 1/4.,1 toothpaste containing Blue Covarine vs. conventional tooth bleaching techniques using peroxides (both in-office and at-home). Material and Methods: Samples were randomly distributed into five experimental groups (n=15): C- Control; BC- Bleaching toothpaste containing Blue Covarine; WBC- Bleaching toothpaste without Blue Covarine; HP35 In-office bleaching using 35% hydrogen peroxide; and CP10- At-home bleaching with 10% carbamide peroxide. The dental bleaching efficacy was determined by the color difference (Delta E), luminosity (Delta L), green-red axis (Delta a), and blue-yellow axis (Delta b). The CIELab coordinates were recorded with reflectance spectroscopy at different times: TO- baseline, T1- immediately after bleaching, T2- 7 days, T3- 14 days, and T4- 21 days after the end of treatments. Data were analyzed by a repeated measures mixed ANOVA and post hoc Bonferroni test, with a significance level of 5%. Results: No significant differences were found between the treatment groups C, BC, and WBC. The groups HP35 and [P10 showed significantly higher whitening efficacy than groups C, BC, and WBC. Conclusions: There were no significant differences in the whitening efficacy between a Blue Covarine containing toothpaste, a standard whitening toothpaste, and a control. Neither of the whitening toothpastes tested were as effective as in-office or at-home bleaching treatments. Univ Estadual Paulista, Fac Odontol Araraquara, Dept Odontol Restauradora, Rua Humaita 1680, BR-4801903 Araraquara, SP, Brazil Trent Univ, Dept Phys & Astron, Peterborough, ON K9J 7B8, Canada Trent Univ, Dept Chem, Ctr Biomat Res, Peterborough, ON K9J 7B8, Canada Univ Estadual Paulista, Fac Odontol Araraquara, Dept Odontol Restauradora, Rua Humaita 1680, BR-4801903 Araraquara, SP, Brazil

Made available in DSpace on 2022-04-29T07:26:20Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 0 Previous issue date: 2015-07-16 This clinical report described an atypical case where the mineral trioxide aggregate (MTA)-based sealer added with 20% calcium hydroxyde was used for retrograde filling. The patient was subjected to endodontic surgery to remove persistent apical lesion. After the apicoetomy and apical cavity preparation using an ultrasonic device, MTA-based sealer (MTA Fillapex) added with 20% calcium hydroxide (w/w) was used for retrograde filling. After 48 hours, the radiographic analysis showed partial displacement and wash-out of sealer. The case was only clinically controlled and no surgery was performed. After 10 months, the postoperative control showed reduction of periapical radiolucent image and absence of symptoms, radiographic and clinical signs, presented bone periradicular repair showing partial absence of the sealer in cavity retrograde. Department of Restorative Dentistry Araraquara Dental School Univ Estadual Paulista Department of Integrated Dental Science University of Cuiaba CEUMA University Department of Integrated Dental Science University of Cuiaba Department of Restorative Dentistry Araraquara Dental School Univ Estadual Paulista

Made available in DSpace on 2018-11-12T17:27:11Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 0 Previous issue date: 2017-04-01. Added 1 bitstream(s) on 2018-11-12T17:35:07Z : No. of bitstreams: 1 S1807-25772017000200109.pdf: 1033880 bytes, checksum: 8f63cafb5e0b58d83537fd6a01b7a446 (MD5) ResumoIntrodução A detecção de pequenas lesões de cárie ainda é um desafio para profissionais da Odontologia, que em sua prática clínica dispõem de uma grande variedade de métodos para detectar cáries nas superfícies oclusais.Objetivo Avaliar clinicamente a efetividade da câmera de fluorescência Vista Proof, da microcâmera intraoral digital Vista Cam e do critério visual ICDAS (International Caries Detection and Assessment System) para detecção de lesões de cárie nas superfícies oclusais.Material e método Cento e sete dentes posteriores de pacientes adultos foram examinados visualmente e por meio de radiografias digitais por um examinador que os classificou de acordo com a presença ou ausência de cárie. Os dentes foram então avaliados por outro examinador que utilizou o ICDAS, fluorescência e imagens digitais ampliadas. A efetividade dos métodos foi mensurada por meio da sensibilidade, especificidade, razão de verossimilhança positiva e negativa. Para cada método, a curva ROC (Receiver Operating Characteristic) e a área sob a mesma - AUROC (Area Under the ROC curve) foram estimadas.Resultado Houve excepcional capacidade discriminante para as imagens intraorais (AUROC=0,93) e para o ICDAS (AUROC=0,91), com diferença estatística não significativa entre eles (z=0,35, p=0,73). A fluorescência apresentou capacidade discriminante aceitável (AUROC=0,78), embora tenha sido menor que os outros. A razão de verossimilhança positiva para a fluorescência foi 2,32, comparado a 20,58 para a imagem intraoral e 58,11 para o ICDAS.Conclusão Ambos os métodos e o ICDAS exibiram um adequado desempenho clínico, sendo que o ICDAS e a imagem intraoral foram mais efetivos que a fluorescência. AbstractIntroduction The detection of small caries lesions is still a challenge for dental professionals who in their clinical practice have a wide variety of methods to detect caries on occlusal surfaces.Objective To clinically assess the effectiveness of the Vista Proof fluorescence camera, the Vista Cam digital intraoral micro camera and the International Caries Detection and Assessment System (ICDAS) visual criterion for detecting caries lesions on occlusal surfaces of permanent teeth.Material and method One hundred and seven posterior teeth from adult patients were examined visually and by means of digital radiographs by an examiner who rated them according to the presence or absence of occlusal caries. The teeth were then assessed by the other examiner using ICDAS, fluorescence and magnified digital images. The effectiveness of the methods was measured based on sensitivity, specificity, positive and negative likelihood ratio. For each method, the Receiver Operating Characteristic (ROC) curve and the Area Under the ROC curve (AUROC) were estimated.Result There was exceptional discrimination capacity for the intraoral images (AUROC=.93) and the ICDAS (AUROC=.91), with no significant statistical difference between them (z=.35, p=.73). The fluorescence exhibited an acceptable discrimination capacity (AUROC=0.78), although it was lower than the others. The positive likelihood ratio for the fluorescence was only 2.32, compared to 20.58 for the intraoral image and 58.11 for the ICDAS.Conclusion Both methods and the ICDAS exhibited an adequate clinical performance, although the ICDAS and intraoral image were more effective than the fluorescence. Universidade Estadual Paulista Faculdade de Odontologia Universidade Estadual Paulista Faculdade de Odontologia

Objectives: The purpose of this randomized double-blinded clinical trial was to test the efficacy and tooth sensitivity promoted by the use of an in-office 15% H2O2 bleaching agent containing nanoparticles of TiO_N photocatalyzed with LED/laser light (HP15) and a control of 35% H2O2 (HP35). Methods: Forty healthy volunteers, both sexes, aged 18 to 25 yr, were randomly distributed in 2 groups: HP15 ( n = 20) was treated in 3 sessions of 48 min each, and HP35 ( n = 20) was treated in 3 sessions of 45 min each. The efficacy (E) was evaluated by ΔE values measured via reflectance spectroscopy. The tooth sensitivity (S) was analyzed by visual analog scale (low, average, high, very high). The absolute risk reduction and the number needed to treat index were calculated. The data were analyzed by mixed repeated measures analysis of variance with Bonferroni-correction t test ( α = 0.05). Results: For the efficacy, significant differences were found for number of bleaching sessions ( p = .0001; [Formula: see text] = 0.73 and π = 1.000) and for the interaction of number of sessions and bleaching protocols ( p = .0001; [Formula: see text] = 0.319 and π = 1.000. The tooth sensitivity level showed significant differences only between the bleaching protocols. Absolute risk reduction calculated was 52% and number needed to treat, 1.92. Conclusions: The bleaching agent with the lower concentration (HP15) promoted lower levels of tooth sensitivity and presented greater efficacy compared to the control (HP35) in patients between 18 and 25 yr old. The limitation of short-term evaluation did not provide information about the longevity of the tooth bleaching (Brazilian Clinical Trials Registry Re Bec no. U1111-1150-4466).

This case report presents an apical radicular perforation management using new calcium silicate-based cement (Biodentine) in a combined endodontic-periodontal lesion. The presence of apical radicular perforation may interfere in the endodontic treatment prognosis. Radicular perforation filling with bioactive cement through endodontic surgery is a possible treatment. This study presents an apical radicular perforation with periodontal involvement, due to alveolar bone loss on the buccal radicular surface from an incorrect intracanal preparation for the fiber post placing. The chosen alternative was a periapical surgery, the perforation was filled with a silicate and calcium chloride bioactive cement (Biodentine; Septodont, Saint-Maur-des-Fosses Cedex, France), and the radicular surface was etched with citric acid, because the access from root canal was impossible. The follow-up was for 8 months, through clinical and radiographic analysis. At the end of the follow-up, radiographic analyses showed the bone healing, and no clinical changes in periodontal probing depth, gingival recession, and the height of the interproximal mesial and distal papillae were observed. The root perforation treatment has a difficult management, especially when the dental root has a simultaneous periodontal commitment. The Biodentine proves to be a promising material for use in these situations.

The aim of this study was to evaluate the persistence of methacrylate-based cement residues on the dentin, after dentin surface cleaning with ethanol or acetone, with or without previous application of a dentin adhesive. Forty bovine crown fragments were obtained and the dentin surface was washed with 1.0 mL of 2.5% sodium hypochlorite (NaOCl), followed by 0.1 mL of 17% ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid application for 3 min, and final irrigation with 2.5% NaOCl. The specimens were air dried and resin-based cement was rubbed onto the dentine surface with a microbrush applicator. In 20 specimens, previously to cement, a dentin adhesive was applied in all surfaces. After 15 min, the surface was scrubbed with a cotton pellet and moistened with ethanol or acetone, compounding the following groups: G1-99.5% ethanol and G2-acetone, without previous use of dentin adhesive; G3-99.5% ethanol and G4-acetone, with previous use of dentin adhesive. The dentin surface was scrubbed until the cement residues could not be visually detected. Sections were then processed for scanning electron microscopy and evaluated at 500× magnification and scores were attributed to each image according to the area covered by residual sealer, and data were subjected to Kruskal-Wallis at 5% significance. The lower residue presence was observed in G3 (P = 0.005). All surface presented cement residues when acetone was used as cleaning solution (P = 0.0005). The cleaning solutions were unable to completely remove the cement residues from both surfaces. The ethanol used after previous application of the dentin adhesive promoted the lower presence of residues.

Submitted by Vitor Silverio Rodrigues (vitorsrodrigues@reitoria.unesp.br) on 2014-05-27T11:26:29Z No. of bitstreams: 0Bitstream added on 2014-05-27T14:42:14Z : No. of bitstreams: 1 2-s2.0-84872260281.pdf: 1080528 bytes, checksum: 55dc27aa4a7702ace417da9b20b94b11 (MD5) Made available in DSpace on 2014-05-27T11:26:29Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 0 Previous issue date: 2012-05-01 The aim of this study was to establish the parameters of concentration, time and mode of application of citric acid and sodium citrate in relation to root conditioning. A total of 495 samples were obtained and equally distributed among 11 groups (5 for testing different concentrations of citric acid, 5 for testing different concentrations of sodium citrate and 1 control group). After laboratorial processing, the samples were analyzed under scanning electron microscopy. A previously calibrated and blind examiner evaluated micrographs of the samples. Non-parametric statistical analysis was performed to analyze the data obtained. Brushing 25% citric acid for 3 min, promoted greater exposure of collagen fibers in comparison with the brushing of 1% citric acid for 1 minute and its topical application at 1% for 3 min. Sodium citrate exposed collagen fibers in a few number of samples. Despite the lack of statistical significance, better results for collagen exposure were obtained with brushing application of 25% citric acid for 3 min than with other application parameter. Sodium citrate produced a few number of samples with collagen exposure, so it is not indicated for root conditioning.

This study evaluated the influence of light-curing units (LCUs) on Knoop microhardness (KHN) of different composite resins formulations. Four LCUs, one Quartz-Tungsten-Halogen (QTH) for 20 s, one Argon-Ion-Laser (AL) for 10 s, one Plasma-Arc-Curing (PAC) for 9 s, and one Light-Emitting-Diode (LED) for 20 s, and three composite resins, nanofill and easy cure (Filtek™ Supreme), microhybrid and medium cure (Herculite XRV), and microfill and difficult cure (Heliomolar) were used. Discs (4 × 2 mm2) of each composite resin were divided in 12 Groups and KHN was measured at the top (T) and bottom (B) surfaces. Data were analyzed using two-way ANOVA and Tukey’s test (p < 0.05). Top presented significantly higher KHN than bottom surface for all composite resins and LCUs tested. Statistical significant differences were observed among the LCUs. At the bottom surface QTH and LED presented higher KHN than PAC and LA. However, at the top surface PAC and LA presented similar results than QTH for nanofill and microhybrid composite resins. Different LCUs play an important effect on Knoop microhardness and the composite resin formulations were significant factor on the photosensitivity.

Aim Smear layer removal and collagen fiber exposure may improve periodontal treatment and regeneration. This in vitro study assessed smear layer removal and collagen fiber exposure after tetracycline hydrochloride (TTC) application on root surfaces using scanning electron microscopy (SEM). Methods and Materials Root cementum was removed with diamond burs followed by scaling and root planning. Four hundred fifty samples were divided into ten groups: a control (saline application) and nine different TTC concentrations were applied at doses of 10, 25, 50, 75, 100, 125, 150, 200, and 250 mg/ml. The TTC application was performed in all groups in three different ways (passive, brushing, and burnishing) and at three different periods of conditioning (1, 2, and 3 minutes). A previously trained, calibrated, and blind examiner evaluated photomicrographs of the samples using Sampaio's index (2005). Statistical analysis was performed using the Kruskal-Wallis’ and Dunn's tests. Results The concentrations of 50 mg/mL and 75 mg/mL applied by burnishing were the most effective in smear layer removal and collagen fiber exposure. Both the passive mode of application (p=0.0001) and 1 minute period of application (p=0.002) were the least effective. Conclusions The concentrations of 50 mg/mL and 75 mg/mL applied by burnishing during 2 or 3 minutes were the most effective. Clinical Significance These parameters may be applied in periodontal procedures involving TTC root conditioning to optimize results. Citation Ishi EP, Dantas AAR, Batista LHC, Onofre MA, Sampaio JEC. Smear Layer Removal and Collagen Fiber Exposure Using Tetracycline Hydrochloride Conditioning. J Contemp Dent Pract 2008 July; (9)5:025-033.

Aim This study evaluated the effect of ultrasonic vibration on the tensile strength required to remove intraradicular post cemented with different materials. Materials and methods Bovine teeth were selected, and 7 mm of the cervical root canals were prepared to size 5 Largo drill, the posts were cemented with zinc phosphate, Enforce (resin) or Rely X (glass ionomer). The specimens were divided into six groups (n = 10), according to the following procedures: GI—cementation with zinc phosphate associated with traction force; GII—cementation with zinc phosphate associated with ultrasonic activation and traction force; GIII—cementation with Enforce associated with traction force; GIV—cementation with Enforce associated with ultrasonic activation and traction force; GV—cementation with Rely X associated with traction force; and GVI—cementation with Rely X associated with ultrasonic activation and traction force. The tensile test was conducted using the electromechanical testing machine, the force was determined by a specialized computer program and ultrasonic activation using the Jet Sonic Four Plus (Gnatus) device in 10P. Results Concerning to average ranking, GI showed statistically significant difference in comparison with GII and GVI (p < 0.05); there was no statistical difference in GIII and GIV when compared to other groups (p > 0.05). Conclusion The ultrasound favored the intraradicular post traction regardless of the employed cement in greater or lesser extent. Clinical significance The post removal is a routine practice in the dental office, therefore, new solutions and better alternatives are need to the practitioner. We did not find in the literature many articles referring to this practice. Thus, the results from this study are relevant in the case planning and to promote more treatment options. How to cite this article Berbert FLCV, Espir CG, Crisci FS, de Andrade MF, Chávez-Andrade GM, de Toledo Leonardo R, Saad JRC, Segalla JCM, Vaz LG, Basso KCFJ, Dantas AAR. Ultrasound Effect in the Removal of Intraradicular Posts Cemented with Different Materials. J Contemp Dent Pract 2015;16(6):437-441.

Made available in DSpace on 2018-11-26T16:46:39Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 0 Previous issue date: 2016-01-01. Added 1 bitstream(s) on 2021-07-15T15:20:31Z : No. of bitstreams: 1 S1806-83242016000100226.pdf: 224344 bytes, checksum: 49c9fa8cd20e20fe4010613c298d11e7 (MD5) Made available in DSpace on 2018-11-26T16:46:39Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 0 Previous issue date: 2016-01-01 The objective of this study was to analyze the effect of bleaching toothpastes, both conventional and those containing the new whitening agent Blue Covarine, on teeth previously bleached by conventional techniques (in-office and at-home). Squared bovine enamel/dentin blocks (6.0 x 6.0 x 2.0 mm) were randomly distributed in 6 groups (n = 15), according to the technique used to bleach them (in-office: HP35%; at-home: PC10%) and the type of bleaching toothpaste (none: control; Blue Covarine containing: BC; and without Blue Covarine: NBC). Experimental groups denominated HP35%, HP35% BC and HP35% NBC received in-office tooth bleaching before toothbrushing, and groups PC10%, PC10% BC and PC10% NBC were subjected to at-home tooth bleaching prior to toothbrushing. After bleaching treatment, groups HP35% BC, PC10% BC, HP35% NBC and PC10% NBC underwent daily tooth brushing in a brushing machine for 3 minutes (150 strokes/min, with a load of 375 g). Tooth color alteration was measured by reflectance spectroscopy (Vita EasyShade, Vident, Brea, CA, USA) at: T0 (baseline) - after in-office or at-home bleaching treatment; T1 - immediately after tooth brushing; T2 - 7 days and T3 - 14 days after tooth brushing. Data was analyzed by repeated measures mixed ANOVA and the Bonferroni post hoc test, with a significance level of 5%. Statistically significant differences were found between different experimental groups, evaluation times and for the interaction between them (p < 0.001). Tooth brushing using either bleaching toothpaste (conventional or with Blue Covarine) showed no color alteration on teeth previously bleached by in-office and at-home tooth bleaching. The use of bleaching toothpastes on previously bleached teeth did not produce a color alteration. Univ Estadual Paulista UNESP, Sch Dent, Dept Restorat Dent, Araraquara, SP, Brazil Trent Univ, Trent Ctr Biomat Res, Dept Phys & Astron, Peterborough, ON K9J 7B8, Canada Trent Univ, Trent Ctr Biomat Res, Dept Chem, Peterborough, ON K9J 7B8, Canada Univ Estadual Paulista UNESP, Sch Dent, Dept Restorat Dent, Araraquara, SP, Brazil

Aim: This study aimed to evaluate the cleaning protocol of dentin impregnated with epoxy resin-based sealer (AH Plus) and the effects on the adhesive interface using 95% ethanol (E) or formamide solution (F) associated with microabrasion with glass microparticles (M). Methodology: Forty dentin specimens were impregnated with sealer (AH Plus). Specimens were cleansed according to the following protocols (n = 10): G1 (E); G2 (F); G3 (E = M); and G4 (F = M). No treatment was performed in G5 (control). Specimens were subjected to standard error of the mean to evaluate the residues persistence (×500) and open dentinal tubules counting (×2000). Another fifty specimens were subjected to similar procedures and cleaning protocols. Seven days later, composite-resin-made specimens were performed on dentin using etch-and-rinse adhesive system, then submitted to microshear test. Results: G2 and G4 showed higher residues' persistence and lower incidence of open dentinal tubules than G1 and G3 (P < 0.05). No difference was found between G1 and G3 or G2 and G4 (P > 0.05). Adhesive system bond strength was similar in all groups (P > 0.05). Conclusions: Microabrasion negatively affected the epoxy resin-based sealer residues' removal protocols' action; all groups presented residues on the dentin surface. However, 7 days later, the protocols did not affect the bond strength of adhesive system to sealer-impregnated dentin.

Aim This clinical report presents a new method for retrieving separated instruments from the root canal with minimally invasive procedures. Background The presence of separated instrument in root canal may interfere in the endodontic treatment prognosis. There are several recommended methods to retrieve separated instruments, but some are difficult in clinically practice. Case report This study describes two cases of separated instrument removal from the root canal using a stainless-steel prepared needle associated with a K-file. Case 1 presented a fractured gutta-percha condenser within the mandibular second premolar, it was separated during incorrect intracanal medication calcium hydroxide placement. Case 2 had a fractured sewing needle within the upper central incisor that the patient used to remove food debris from the root canal. After cervical preparation, the fractured instruments were fitted inside a prepared needle and then an endodontic instrument (#25 K-file) was adapted with clockwise turning motion between the needle inner wall and the fragment. Conclusion The endodontic or atypical nonendodontic separated instrument may be easily pull on of the root canal using a single and low cost device. Clinical significance The methods for retrieving separated instruments from root canal are difficult and destructive procedures. The present case describes a simple method to solve this problem. How to cite this article do Carmo Monteiro JC, Kuga MC, Dantas AAR, Jordão-Basso KCF, Keine KC, Ruchaya PJ, Faria G, de Toledo Leonardo R. A Method for retrieving Endodontic or Atypical Nonendodontic separated Instruments from the Root Canal: A Report of Two Cases. J Contemp Dent Pract 2014;15(6):770-774.

Introdução: O estudo avalia o conhecimento sobre causas e sintomas da halitose de pacientes da Clínica de Odontologia do Curso de Graduação do Centro Universitário de Araraquara - UNIARA, bem como analisa a eficiência de folheto educativo na mudança de comportamento quanto à prevenção do mau hálito. Métodos: Para isso, um questionário pré-codificado, composto por questões sobre o tema foi aplicado em 2 momentos: antes e após 30 dias da realização do experimento. A amostra foi composta por 30 pacientes, divididos em 2 grupos: GA – controle (respondeu ao questionário); GB – respondeu ao questionário e recebeu o folheto para leitura e novamente respondeu ao questionário, passados 30 dias da aplicação do folheto. Os grupos foram comparados por meio da coleta dos dados e análise descritiva da distribuição de frequências. Resultados: Os resultados mostraram que, de maneira geral, o conhecimento sobre halitose se mostrou controverso em alguns aspectos, principalmente, em relação às causas e formas de prevenção; não foi observada melhora no conhecimento sobre halitose para o grupo que recebeu o folheto. Conclusão: Tanto os profissionais quanto a população devem ser mais bem orientados em relação aos fatores fisiológicos e patológicos da halitose para atuarem na prevenção de seus efeitos individuais e sociais.

Aim The aim of this study was to evaluate the fracture resistance of teeth submitted to several internal bleaching protocols using 35% hydrogen peroxide (35HP), 37% carbamide peroxide (37CP), 15% hydrogen peroxide with titanium dioxide nanoparticles (15HPTiO2) photoactivated by LED-laser or sodium perborate (SP). Materials and methods After endodontic treatment, fifty bovine extracted teeth were divided into five groups (n = 10): G1—unbleached; G2—35HP; G3—37CP; G4—15HPTiO2 photoactivated by LED-laser and G5—SP. In the G2 and G4, the bleaching protocol was applied in 4 sessions, with 7 days intervals between each session. In the G3 and G5, the materials were kept in the pulp teeth for 21 days, but replaced every 7 days. After 21 days, the teeth were subjected to compressive load at a cross head speed of 0.5 mm/min, applied at 135° to the long axis of the root using an eletromechanical testing machine, until teeth fracture. The data were submitted to ANOVA and Tukey tests (á = 5%). Results The 35HP, 37CP, 15HPTiO2 and SP showed similar fracture resistance teeth reduction (p > 0.05). All bleaching treatments reduced the fracture resistance compared to unbleached teeth (p < 0.05). Conclusion All bleaching protocols reduced the fracture resistance of endodontically-treated teeth, but there were no differences between each other. Clinical significance There are several internal bleaching protocols using hydrogen peroxide in different concentrations and activation methods. This study evaluated its effects on fracture resistance in endodontically-treated teeth. How to cite this article de Toledo Leonardo R, Kuga MC, Guiotti FA, Andolfatto C, de Faria-Júnior NB, de Campos EA, Keine KC, Dantas AAR. Fracture Resistance of Teeth Submitted to Several Internal Bleaching Protocols. J Contemp Dent Pract 2014;15(2):186-189.

Made available in DSpace on 2014-12-03T13:10:50Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 0 Previous issue date: 2014-05-01Bitstream added on 2014-12-03T13:22:58Z : No. of bitstreams: 1 S1678-77572014000300180.pdf: 421209 bytes, checksum: b1ed0f5e384b794351391442a88c0bec (MD5) Recently, various calcium silicate-based sealers have been introduced for use in root canal filling. The MTA Fillapex is one of these sealers, but some of its physicochemical properties are not in accordance with the ISO requirements. Objective: The aim of this study was to evaluate the flowability, pH level and calcium release of pure MTA Fillapex (MTAF) or containing 5% (MTAF5) or 10% (MTAF10) calcium hydroxide (CH), in weight, in comparison with AH Plus sealer. Material and Methods: The flowability test was performed according to the ISO 6876: 2001 requirements. For the pH level and calcium ion release analyses, the sealers were placed individually (n=10) in plastic tubes and immersed in deionized water. After 24 hours, 7 and 14 days, the water in which each specimen had been immersed was evaluated to determine the pH level changes and calcium released. Flowability, pH level and calcium release data were analyzed statistically by the ANOVA test (alpha=5%). Results: In relation to flowability: MTAF>AH Plus>MTAF5>MTAF10. In relation to the pH level, for 24 h: MTAF5=MTAF10=MTAF>AH Plus; for 7 and 14 days: MTAF5=MTAF10>MTAF>AH Plus. For the calcium release, for all periods: MTAF>MTAF5=MTAF10>AH Plus. Conclusions: The addition of 5% CH to the MTA Fillapex (in weight) is an alternative to reduce the high flowability presented by the sealer, without interfering in its alkalization potential. Univ Estadual Paulista, UNESP, Araraquara Dent Sch, Dept Restorat Dent, BR-14801903 Araraquara, SP, Brazil Univ Sao Paulo, Bauru Sch Dent, Dept Dent Endodont & Dent Mat, Bauru, SP, Brazil Univ Estadual Paulista, UNESP, Araraquara Dent Sch, Dept Restorat Dent, BR-14801903 Araraquara, SP, Brazil

Made available in DSpace on 2015-08-06T16:13:37Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 0 Previous issue date: 2014. Added 1 bitstream(s) on 2015-08-06T16:45:01Z : No. of bitstreams: 1 ISSN2090-6447-2014-2014-01-04.pdf: 1879363 bytes, checksum: 61ec2c747742d846979ec6c0c20d5c56 (MD5) Background. Fracture by trauma is one of the most common types of dental injury in the permanent dentition among children and teenagers. Aim. The aim of this study was to report the treatment performed to an atypical dental trauma case in a maxillary central incisor of a young patient by means of reattachment of the tooth fragment. Case Description. A 12-year-old male patient suffered a vertical crown fracture to the maxillary right central incisor. After clinical and radiographic examinations, a conservative restorative treatment which consisted in the reattachment of the tooth fragment with flow resin was performed in order to preserve the dental element and to obtain maximum aesthetics. Conclusion. The reattachment of fractured fragment is a fast and easy technique that can be used successfully as an option to restore dental element which suffered trauma. Clinical Significance. This technique restores the aesthetics and function of the dental element with minimal discomfort to the patient. Universidade Estadual Paulista Júlio de Mesquita Filho, Departamento de Materiais Odontológicos e Prótese, Faculdade de Odontologia de Araraquara, Araraquara, RUA Humaitá 1680, CENTRO, CEP 14801903, SP, Brasil Universidade Estadual Paulista Júlio de Mesquita Filho, Departamento de Odontologia Restauradora, Faculdade de Odontologia de Araraquara, Araraquara, Rua Humaitá, 1680, Centro, CEP 14801903, SP, Brasil Universidade Estadual Paulista Júlio de Mesquita Filho, Departamento de Materiais Odontológicos e Prótese, Faculdade de Odontologia de Araraquara, Araraquara, RUA Humaitá 1680, CENTRO, CEP 14801903, SP, Brasil

Made available in DSpace on 2015-08-06T16:14:41Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 0 Previous issue date: 2013-02-01. Added 1 bitstream(s) on 2015-08-06T16:44:29Z : No. of bitstreams: 1 S1807-25772013000100002.pdf: 3725179 bytes, checksum: 3d27cba3153ed424d6e79b3708daf1fb (MD5) Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico (CNPq) INTRODUÇÃO: A biomodificação radicular visa a alterar a superfície radicular para auxiliar no reparo das estruturas periodontais de suporte destruídas pela doença periodontal. OBJETIVO: Avaliar por meio de microscopia eletrônica de varredura a eficácia do condicionamento químico com gel de EDTA 24% na remoção de smear layer e na exposição de fibras colágenas, verificando-se diferentes marcas comerciais, modos e tempos de aplicação. MATERIAL E MÉTODO: Um total de 225 amostras foram obtidas e distribuídas aleatoriamente em cinco grupos: soro fisiológico (controle); EDTA 24% (Farmácia Santa Paula); EDTA-T 24% (Farmácia Santa Paula); EDTA 24% (PrefGel; Straumann); EDTA 24% (Biodinâmica). As amostras de cada grupo foram redistribuídas aleatoriamente em subgrupos (n = 5) e condicionadas com os diferentes géis de EDTA nos tempos de 1, 2 e 3 minutos, e nos modos de aplicação tópica, fricção vigorosa e fricção suave. Os testes de Kruskal-Wallis e Dunn (p < 0,05) foram utilizados e aplicados separadamente para os fatores: marca comercial, tempo e modo de aplicação. RESULTADO: A análise estatística revelou que o gel de EDTA 24% da Biodinâmica promoveu a menor remoção de smear layer. Não foram detectadas diferenças estatísticas para os tempos de aplicação. O modo de aplicação fricção suave resultou em menor quantidade de smear layer residual. CONCLUSÃO: Todos os géis de EDTA 24% utilizados foram eficazes na remoção de smear layer e na exposição de fibras colágenas, independentemente do tempo de aplicação; no entanto, o modo de fricção suave foi mais efetivo. Na análise comparativa entre os produtos, o EDTA da Biodinâmica foi menos efetivo, já que promoveu menor remoção de smear layer e exposição de fibras colágenas. INTRODUCTION: The main goal of root biomodification is to modify the root surface in order to improve the repair of periodontal tissues destroyed by periodontal disease. OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the conditioning efficacy of 24% EDTA gel of different trademarks, considering the variables time and application method, by scanning electron microscopy. MATERIAL AND METHOD: 225 samples were randomly assigned to five groups: sterile saline solution (control); 24% EDTA (Santa Paula Pharmacy); 24% EDTA-T (Santa Paula Pharmacy); 24% EDTA (PrefGel - Straumann); 24% EDTA (Biodinâmica). For each experimental group the gels were applied for 1, 2 or 3 minutes by topical application; vigorous or smooth friction. The Kruskal-Wallis and Dunn tests (p < 0,05) were used and individually applied to the variables commercial brand, time and type of application. RESULT: The statistical analysis showed that 24% EDTA Biodinâmica gel promoted less smear layer removal compared to the other groups. No significant differences could be detected among the different times of application. The smooth friction resulted in lower amount of residual smear layer. CONCLUSION: All 24% EDTA gels tested were able to remove smear layer and to expose dentinal tubules irrespective of application time; however, the application method by smooth friction was more effective than the other ones. The comparative analysis demonstrated that the Biodinâmica gel was the least effective product, promoting less smear layer removal and exposure of collagen fibers than the other EDTA gels. Univ Estadual Paulista Faculdade de Odontologia de Araraquara Univ Estadual Paulista Faculdade de Odontologia de Araraquara Departamento de Odontologia Restauradora Univ Estadual Paulista Faculdade de Odontologia de Araraquara Departamento de Diagnóstico e Cirurgia Univ Estadual Paulista Faculdade de Odontologia de Araraquara Univ Estadual Paulista Faculdade de Odontologia de Araraquara Departamento de Odontologia Restauradora Univ Estadual Paulista Faculdade de Odontologia de Araraquara Departamento de Diagnóstico e Cirurgia

Submitted by Vitor Silverio Rodrigues (vitorsrodrigues@reitoria.unesp.br) on 2014-05-27T11:26:29Z No. of bitstreams: 0Bitstream added on 2014-05-27T14:36:44Z : No. of bitstreams: 1 2-s2.0-84865278653.pdf: 290236 bytes, checksum: 19abdeedcaad3599bd60c68dd89f6a0a (MD5) Made available in DSpace on 2014-05-27T11:26:29Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 0 Previous issue date: 2012-05-01 Aim: Root conditioning is aimed at smear layer removal and at dental matrix collagen exposure, which may promote periodontal regeneration. This in vitro study assessed smear layer removal, collagen fiber exposure and the influence of PRP (platelet-rich plasma) application on adhesion of blood cells to the root surface using scanning electron microscopy (SEM). Materials and methods: Scaled root samples (n = 160) were set in five groups and conditioned with: group I - control group (saline solution); group II (EDTA 24%); group III (citric acid 25%); group IV (tetracycline hydrochloride 50 mg/ml); group V (sodium citrate 30%). Eighty samples were assessed using the root surface modification index (RSMI). The other eighty samples were set in two groups. The first group (n = 40) received PRP gel application with a soft brush and the second group (n = 40) received PRP application and then a blood drop. The fibrin clot formation was assessed in the first group and the blood cells adhesion was assessed in the second group using the BEAI (blood elements adhesion index). A previously trained, calibrated, and blind examiner evaluated photomicrographs. Statistical analysis was performed using the Kruskal-Wallis's and Dunn's tests. Results: Group III attained the best results for RSMI and BEAI. Moreover, it was the only group showing fibrin clot formation. Conclusion: Citric acid was the most efficient conditioner for smear layer removal, collagen fiber exposure and blood cell adhesion. Moreover, it was the only group showing fibrin clot formation after PRP application. Clinical significance: This study demonstrated that root conditioning followed by PRP application may favor blood cell adhesion on root surface which may optimize periodontal healing. Department of Operative Dentistry School of Dentistry at Araraquara State University of São Paulo, UNESP, 1680 Humaita Street, Araraquara Department of Diagnostic and Surgery School of Dentistry at Araraquara State University of São Paulo, UNESP, São Paulo São Paulo Department of Semiology and Clinics School of Dentistry of Pelotas Federal University of Pelotas, UFPel, Rio Grande do Sul Department of Operative Dentistry School of Dentistry at Araraquara State University of São Paulo, UNESP, 1680 Humaita Street, Araraquara Department of Diagnostic and Surgery School of Dentistry at Araraquara State University of São Paulo, UNESP, São Paulo

Aim The aim of the present study was to compare the removal of the smear layer and exposure of collagen fibers of the root surface following the application of five citric acid solution concentrations. Methods and Materials Two hundred seventy (270) samples were equally divided into six groups (n=45) for treatment with saline solution (control) and five different concentrations of citric acid (0.5, 1, 2, 15, and 25 percent). Three acid application methods were used (passive, brushing, and burnishing) as well as three application periods (1, 2, and 3 minutes). A previously trained, calibrated (kappa score = 0.93), and blind examiner subsequently scored scanning electron micrographs (SEMs) of the samples. Statistical analyses were performed by using Kruskal-Wallis and Dunn's post-hoc tests. Results According to the results obtained and within the limitations of the methodology used, the citric acid applications were more effective than the control treatment of applying saline solution (p Conclusions The best results for exposure of collagen fibers in this study were obtained with application of citric acid at 25 percent by brushing for 1 or 3 minutes, even though there were no statistically significant differences among the groups. Clinical Significance The best results for exposure of collagen fibers on root surfaces noted in this study were obtained with application of citric acid at 25 percent by brushing for 1 or 3 minutes. Citation Cavassim R, Leite FRM, Zandim DL, Dantas AAR, Sampaio JEC. Smear Layer Removal for Collagen Fiber Exposure after Citric Acid Conditionings. J Contemp Dent Pract [Internet]. 2010 December; 11(6):001-008. Available from: http://www.thejcdp.com/journal/view/volume11- issue6-cavassim