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1. Generalizability of 3D CNN models for age estimation in diverse youth populations using structural MRI

Author

Sergio Leonardo Mendes, Walter Hugo Lopez Pinaya, Pedro Mario Pan, Andrea Parolin Jackowski, Rodrigo Affonseca Bressan, and João Ricardo Sato

Subjects
Medicine, Science
Abstract

Abstract Recently, several studies have investigated the neurodevelopment of psychiatric disorders using brain data acquired via structural magnetic resonance imaging (sMRI). These analyses have shown the potential of sMRI data to provide a relatively precise characterization of brain structural biomarkers. Despite these advances, a relatively unexplored question is how reliable and consistent a model is when assessing subjects from other independent datasets. In this study, we investigate the performance and generalizability of the same model architecture trained from distinct datasets comprising youths in diverse stages of neurodevelopment and with different mental health conditions. We employed models with the same 3D convolutional neural network (CNN) architecture to assess autism spectrum disorder (ASD), attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD), brain age, and a measure of dimensional psychopathology, the Child Behavior Checklist (CBCL) total score. The investigated datasets include the Autism Brain Imaging Data Exchange II (ABIDE-II, N = 580), Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD-200, N = 922), Brazilian High-Risk Cohort Study (BHRCS, N = 737), and Adolescent Brain Cognitive Development (ABCD, N = 11,031). Models’ performance and interpretability were assessed within each dataset (for diagnosis tasks) and inter-datasets (for age estimation). Despite the demographic and phenotypic differences of the subjects, all models presented significant estimations for age (p value

Published
2023
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3. Música, emoção e funções executivas: revisão narrativa da literatura

Author

Graziela Bortz, Andrea Parolin Jackowski, Beatriz Ilari, Hugo Cogo Moreira, Nayana Di Giuseppe Germano, and Patrícia Silva Lúcio

Subjects
funções executivas. cognição musical. psicometria. cognição fluida. intervenções sociais., Music and books on Music, Music, M1-5000
Abstract

O trabalho apresenta revisão bibliográfica narrativa sobre música e funções executivas (FE), associadas ao córtex pré-frontal (CPF), em interação com o sistema límbico, ligado ao processamento das emoções, discutindo sua indissociabilidade. O artigo tem por objetivo examinar a literatura recente sobre CPF e FE, estudos correlacionais, longitudinais e experimentais sobre prática musical e desenvolvimento das habilidades relacionadas às funções executivas do cérebro. Conclui ressaltando a importância do uso de testes validados que captem subfunções das FE, emoções e habilidades musicais, de modo a verificar a eficácia de intervenções que usam o ensino da música como forma de beneficiar o desenvolvimento humano de populações em situação de risco.

Published
2021
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4. The relationship between recent PTSD secondary to sexual assault, hippocampal volume and resting state functional connectivity in adolescent girls

Author

Tamara J. Sussman, Jonathan Posner, Andrea Parolin Jackowski, Adriana Correa, Elis Viviane Hoffmann, Fernanda Porto de Oliveira Peruzzi, Fernando Rodrigues Grecco, Samara Hipolito Nitzsche, Maria Eugenia Mesquita, Bernd Uwe Foester, Felipe Benatti di Cillo, Marcelo Feijo Mello, and Ana Carolina Coelho Milani

Subjects
Female, Adolescent, Stress disorders, Post-traumatic, Hippocampus, Default mode network, Neurosciences. Biological psychiatry. Neuropsychiatry, RC321-571, Neurology. Diseases of the nervous system, RC346-429, Neurophysiology and neuropsychology, QP351-495
Abstract

Objective: Improved understanding of the time course of neural changes associated with adolescent PTSD would elucidate the development of the disorder and could inform approaches to treatment. We compared hippocampal volumes and resting state functional connectivity (RSFC) in adolescent girls with post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) secondary to sexual assault, within six months of onset and age- and gender-matched, non-trauma exposed healthy controls (HCs) in São Paulo, Brazil. We also examined the relationship between pre- and post-treatment PTSD symptoms and RSFC. Method: We collected brain structure, RSFC, and PTSD symptoms in 30 adolescents with PTSD (mean age: 15.7 ± 1.04 years) and 21 HCs (mean age: 16.2 ± 1.21 years) at baseline. We collected repeated measures in 21 participants with PTSD following treatment; 9 participants dropped out. Hippocampal volume and RSFC from hippocampal and default mode network (DMN) seeds were compared between participants with PTSD and HCs. We examined associations between within-subject changes in RSFC and PTSD symptoms following treatment. Results: No hippocampal volumetric differences between groups were found. Compared to HCs, adolescents with recent PTSD had reduced RSFC between hippocampus and the lateral parietal node of the DMN, encompassing the angular gyrus, peak coordinates: −38, −54, 16; 116 voxels; peak F1,47 = 31.76; FDR corrected p = 0.038. Improvements in PTSD symptoms were associated with increased RSFC between hippocampus and part of the lateral parietal node of the DMN, peak coordinates: −38, −84, 38; 316 voxels; peak F1,47 = 40.28; FDR corrected p < 0.001. Conclusion: Adolescents with recent PTSD had reduced hippocampal-DMN RSFC, while no group differences in hippocampal volume were found, suggesting that hippocampal function, but not structure, is altered early in the course of PSTD. Following treatment, hippocampal-DMN RSFC increased with symptom improvement and may indicate an important neural mechanism related to successful PTSD treatment.

Published
2022
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5. Obsessive-Compulsive Symptoms, Polygenic Risk Score, and Thalamic Development in Children From the Brazilian High-Risk Cohort for Mental Conditions (BHRCS)

Author

Ana Beatriz Ravagnani Salto, Marcos L. Santoro, Marcelo Q. Hoexter, Andrea Parolin Jackowski, Pedro M. Pan, Maria Conceição Rosário, Sintia I. Belangero, Pedro Gomes Alvarenga, Victoria Fogaça Doretto, Afonso Mazine Tiago Fumo, Marcelo C. Batistuzzo, Pedro Macul Ferreira de Barros, Kiara R. Timpano, Vanessa K. Ota, Luis Augusto Rohde, Euripedes Constantino Miguel, James F. Leckman, and André Zugman

Subjects
obsessive-compulsive disorder, MRI, thalamus, obsessive-compulsive symptoms, polygenic risk score, OCD-PRS, Psychiatry, RC435-571
Abstract

Background: Thalamic volume measures have been linked to obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD) in children and adolescents. However, it is unclear if alterations in thalamic volumes occur before or after symptom onset and if there is a relation to the presence of sub-clinical obsessive-compulsive symptoms (OCS). Here, we explore the relationship between OCS and the rate of thalamic volume change in a cohort of children and youth at high risk to develop a mental disorder. A secondary aim was to determine if there is a relationship between OCS and the individual's OCD polygenic risk score (OCD-PRS) and between the rate of thalamic volume change and the OCD-PRS.Methods: The sample included 378 children enrolled in the longitudinal Brazilian High-Risk Cohort for Mental Conditions. Participants were assessed for OCS and the symmetrized percent change (SPC) of thalamic volume across two time-points separated by 3 years, along with the OCD-PRS. Zero-altered negative binomial models were used to analyze the relationship between OCS and thalamic SPC. Multiple linear regressions were used to examine the relationship between thalamic SPC and OCD-PRS.Results: A significant relationship between OCS and the right thalamus SPC (p = 0.042) was found. There was no significant relationship between changes in thalamic volume SPC and OCD-PRS.Conclusions: The findings suggest that changes in the right thalamic volume over the course of 3 years in children may be associated to OCS. Future studies are needed to confirm these results and further characterize the specific nature of OCS symptoms associated with thalamic volumes.

Published
2021
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6. Heterogeneous trajectory of depressive symptoms after repeated subcutaneous esketamine injections

Author

Matheus Ghossain Barbosa, Luciana Maria Sarin, Marco Aurélio Tuena, Lorena Catarina Del Sant, Carolina Nakahira, Eduardo Jorge Muniz Magalhães, Victor Augusto Rodovalho Fava, Rodrigo Simonini Delfino, Matheus Souza Steglich, Camila Puertas, Ana Cecília Lucchese, Juliana Canada Surjan, Guilherme Lozi Abdo, Hugo Cogo-Moreira, José Alberto Del Porto, Acioly Luiz Tavares de Lacerda, and Andrea Parolin Jackowski

Subjects
Esketamine, Depression, Injections, subcutaneous, Models, Statistical, Mental healing, RZ400-408
Abstract

Background: Ketamine is an effective antidepressant with a 65–70% response rate and a fast onset of action. Esketamine (S-ketamine) has been found to be twice as potent as R-ketamine, while inducing fewer adverse effects, such as sedation and cognitive impairment, than racemic ketamine. However, little is known about its heterogeneous effects in treating depression. The aim of this study was to evaluate heterogeneity in the trajectory of depression treated with subcutaneous esketamine. Methods: Seventy severely depressed patients were administered repeated subcutaneous esketamine injections, and four assessments on depressive symptoms were performed. A growth mixture model analysis of the sample was utilized to identify potential latent classes. Results: Our model revealed two distinct subgroups: responders (79.1%), those who showed a lower depression score at the first time point and a strong decline in symptoms; and non-responders (20.9%), those who showed a higher initial depression score and a limited decline in symptoms. Limitations: This study has an observational design, with possible confounders. We were unable to analyse class differences in baseline symptoms, probably due to sample size. The group behaviour observed here must be confirmed with different populations. There is currently no clear cutoff to predict group membership. Conclusion: These findings suggest a systematically heterogeneous amelioration of symptoms based on a person-centred analysis. Patients with lower depression scores 24 h after the first injection are more likely to be in the responder subgroup and to present better symptom relief. Further studies should focus on clinical aspects that might predict this heterogeneity.

Published
2021
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7. Adolescent adaptive behavior profiles in Williams–Beuren syndrome, Down syndrome, and autism spectrum disorder

Author

Carolina Grego Del Cole, Sheila Cavalcante Caetano, Wagner Ribeiro, Arthur Melo E. e. Kümmer, and Andrea Parolin Jackowski

Subjects
Pediatrics, RJ1-570, Psychiatry, RC435-571
Abstract

Abstract Background Adaptive behavior can be impaired in different neurodevelopmental disorders and may be influenced by confounding factors, such as intelligence quotient (IQ) and socioeconomic classification. Our main objective was to verify whether adaptive behavior profiles differ in three conditions—Williams Beuren syndrome (WBS), Down syndrome (DS), and autism spectrum disorder (ASD), as compared with healthy controls (HC) and with each other. Although the literature points towards each disorder having a characteristic profile, no study has compared profiles to establish the specificity of each one. A secondary objective was to explore potential interactions between the conditions and socioeconomic status, and whether this had any effect on adaptive behavior profiles. Methods One hundred and five adolescents were included in the study. All adolescents underwent the following evaluations: the Vineland Adaptive Behavior Scale (VABS), the Wechsler Intelligence Scale for Children (WISC), and the Brazilian Economic Classification Criteria. Results Our results demonstrated that the WBS group performed better than the DS group in the communication domain, β = −15.08, t(3.45), p = .005, and better than the ASD group in the socialization domain, β = 8.92, t(−2.08), p = .013. The DS group also performed better than the ASD group in socialization, β = 16.98, t(−2.32), p = .024. IQ was an important confounding factor, and socioeconomic status had an important effect on the adaptive behavior of all groups. Conclusions There is a heterogeneity regarding adaptive behavior profiles in WBS, DS, and ASD. These data are important to better design specific strategies related to the health and social care of each particular group.

Published
2017
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8. Connectome hubs at resting state in children and adolescents: Reproducibility and psychopathological correlation

Author

João Ricardo Sato, Claudinei Eduardo Biazoli Jr, Giovanni Abrahão Salum, Ary Gadelha, Nicolas Crossley, Gilson Vieira, André Zugman, Felipe Almeida Picon, Pedro Mario Pan, Marcelo Queiroz Hoexter, Mauricio Anés, Luciana Monteiro Moura, Marco Antonio Gomes Del’Aquilla, Edson Amaro Junior, Philip Mcguire, Luis Augusto Rohde, Euripedes Constantino Miguel, Rodrigo Affonseca Bressan, and Andrea Parolin Jackowski

Subjects
Resting state, Replication, fMRI, Connectivity, Development, Children, Neurophysiology and neuropsychology, QP351-495
Abstract

Functional brain hubs are key integrative regions in brain networks. Recently, brain hubs identified through resting-state fMRI have emerged as interesting targets to increase understanding of the relationships between large-scale functional networks and psychopathology. However, few studies have directly addressed the replicability and consistency of the hub regions identified and their association with symptoms. Here, we used the eigenvector centrality (EVC) measure obtained from graph analysis of two large, independent population-based samples of children and adolescents (7–15 years old; total N = 652; 341 subjects for site 1 and 311 for site 2) to evaluate the replicability of hub identification. Subsequently, we tested the association between replicable hub regions and psychiatric symptoms. We identified a set of hubs consisting of the anterior medial prefrontal cortex and inferior parietal lobule/intraparietal sulcus (IPL/IPS). Moreover, lower EVC values in the right IPS were associated with psychiatric symptoms in both samples. Thus, low centrality of the IPS was a replicable sign of potential vulnerability to mental disorders in children. The identification of critical and replicable hubs in functional cortical networks in children and adolescents can foster understanding of the mechanisms underlying mental disorders.

Published
2016
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9. A Longitudinal H-MRS Study of the Anterior Cingulate Gyrus in Child and Adolescent Victims of Multiple Forms of Violence

Author

Ana Carolina Coelho Milani, Bernd Foerster, Hugo Cogo-Moreira, Thiago Michel de Brito Farias, Francisco Salido, Henrique Carrete, Marcelo Feijo Mello, and Andrea Parolin Jackowski

Subjects
Psychiatry, RC435-571
Abstract

Background The anterior cingulate gyrus is involved in the extinction of conditioned fear responses and is implicated in the pathophysiology of posttraumatic stress disorder. The expression of N-acetylaspartate and choline may be altered in the anterior cingulate gyri of children and adolescents with posttraumatic stress disorder. Methods We conducted a proton magnetic resonance spectroscopy study, longitudinally investigating N-acetylaspartate/creatine and choline/creatine ratios in the anterior cingulate gyri of children and adolescents, aged from 8 to 12 years, who had been exposed to various forms of violence or were non-trauma control. Based on baseline posttraumatic stress symptoms (“sub-clinical”), participants were divided into two groups: posttraumatic stress (n = 19) and control (n = 19). Proton magnetic resonance spectroscopy scans were repeated a year later in trauma exposed participants. Trauma assessments included the Childhood Trauma Questionnaire. Results Exploratory analyses revealed a significant negative correlation between follow-up anterior cingulate gyrus N-acetylaspartate/creatine and Childhood Trauma Questionnaire scores in posttraumatic stress (r = −0.62, p = 0.01) but not control group (r = 0.16, p = 0.66). However, we found no significant differences in anterior cingulate gyrus N-acetylaspartate/creatine or choline/creatine between posttraumatic stress and control. In addition, there were no significant effects of time, group, or time-by-group interactions. Conclusions In this pediatric population, anterior cingulate gyrus N-acetylaspartate/creatine and choline/creatine were not affected by posttraumatic stress and on average these metabolites remained stable over time. However, the study provided intriguing preliminary evidence revealing that participants suffering from posttraumatic stress at baseline have shown, a year later, reduced anterior cingulate gyrus N-acetylaspartate/creatine among those with high trauma severity. This pilot evidence warrants replication in future studies to confirm these findings and to determine the longitudinal effects and interactions between childhood posttraumatic stress and trauma.

Published
2018
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10. The thickness of posterior cortical areas is related to executive dysfunction in Alzheimer's disease

Author

Luciano de Gois Vasconcelos, Andrea Parolin Jackowski, Maira Okada de Oliveira, Yona Mayara Ribeiro Flor, Altay Alves Lino Souza, Orlando Francisco Amodeo Bueno, and Sonia Maria Dozzi Brucki

Subjects
Executive Functions, Alzheimer's Disease, Magnetic Resonance Imaging, Medicine (General), R5-920
Abstract

OBJECTIVE: To establish whether alterations of brain structures in Alzheimer's disease are associated with executive dysfunction. METHODS: Nineteen patients with Alzheimer's disease and 22 older control subjects underwent a comprehensive evaluation. The clock drawing test, digit span test, executive motor function test, Behavioral Assessment of the Dysexecutive Syndrome battery (Rule Shift Cards test), and Stroop test were used to evaluate executive dysfunction. A multiparametric approach using the FreeSurfer image analysis suite provided a description of volumetric and geometric features of the gray matter structures. RESULTS: The cortical thickness maps showed a negative correlation between the Behavioral Assessment of the Dysexecutive Syndrome battery (Rule Shift Cards test) and the right middle frontal gyrus; a positive correlation between the executive motor function test and the left superior parietal gyrus, left middle temporal gyrus, bilateral supramarginal gyri, right middle frontal gyrus, and right precuneus; a negative correlation between the Stroop test (part III) and the right superior parietal gyrus; and a negative correlation between the Stroop test (part III) and the right middle temporal gyrus. CONCLUSION: Executive dysfunction in Alzheimer's disease is correlated with alterations not only in the frontal areas but also within many temporal and parietal regions.

Published
2014
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11. The impacts of cognitive-behavioral therapy on the treatment of phobic disorders measured by functional neuroimaging techniques: a systematic review

Author

Amanda Galvao-de Almeida, Gerardo Maria de Araujo Filho, Arthur de Almeida Berberian, Clarissa Trezsniak, Fabiana Nery-Fernandes, Cesar Augusto Araujo Neto, Andrea Parolin Jackowski, Ângela Miranda-Scippa, and Irismar Reis de Oliveira

Subjects
Phobia, cognitive therapy, functional magnetic resonance imaging, positron-emission tomography, Psychiatry, RC435-571
Abstract

Objective: Functional neuroimaging techniques represent fundamental tools in the context of translational research integrating neurobiology, psychopathology, neuropsychology, and therapeutics. In addition, cognitive-behavioral therapy (CBT) has proven its efficacy in the treatment of anxiety disorders and may be useful in phobias. The literature has shown that feelings and behaviors are mediated by specific brain circuits, and changes in patterns of interaction should be associated with cerebral alterations. Based on these concepts, a systematic review was conducted aiming to evaluate the impact of CBT on phobic disorders measured by functional neuroimaging techniques. Methods: A systematic review of the literature was conducted including studies published between January 1980 and April 2012. Studies written in English, Spanish or Portuguese evaluating changes in the pattern of functional neuroimaging before and after CBT in patients with phobic disorders were included. Results: The initial search strategy retrieved 45 studies. Six of these studies met all inclusion criteria. Significant deactivations in the amygdala, insula, thalamus and hippocampus, as well as activation of the medial orbitofrontal cortex, were observed after CBT in phobic patients when compared with controls. Conclusion: In spite of their technical limitations, neuroimaging techniques provide neurobiological support for the efficacy of CBT in the treatment of phobic disorders. Further studies are needed to confirm this conclusion.

Published
2013
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12. Hippocampal volume and CDR-SB can predict conversion to dementia in MCI patients

Author

João Guilherme Fiorani Borgio, Leonardo Baldaçara, Walter dos Santos Moraes, Acioly L. T. Lacerda, Maria Beatriz Montaño, Andrea Parolin Jackowski, Sérgio Tufik, Luiz Roberto Ramos, and Rodrigo Affonseca Bressan

Subjects
psiquiatria geriátrica, neuroimagem, distúrbio cognitivo leve, Neurosciences. Biological psychiatry. Neuropsychiatry, RC321-571
Abstract

OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the combination of two factors: clinical dementia rating sum of boxes scores (CDR-SB) and hippocampal volume (HV) as predictors of conversion from mild cognitive impairment (MCI) to dementia. METHODS: Twenty-eight individuals (9 normal and 19 with MCI) were classified according to their CDR sum of boxes scores into 3 groups. RESULTS: The hippocampal volume was significantly lower in the high-risk group and in those who developed dementia after two years. The rate of conversion was crescent among the three groups. CONCLUSION: We were proposed an additional measurement of the hippocampal volume which may be helpful in the prognosis. However, we noted that the CDR-SB is a method as efficient as neuroimaging to predict dementia with the advantage of being a procedure for low cost and easy implementation, more consistent with public policy.

Published
2012
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13. The involvement of the orbitofrontal cortex in psychiatric disorders: an update of neuroimaging findings O envolvimento do cortex orbitofrontal em transtornos psiquiátricos: uma atualização dos achados de neuroimagens

Author

Andrea Parolin Jackowski, Gerardo Maria de Araújo Filho, Amanda Galvão de Almeida, Célia Maria de Araújo, Marília Reis, Fabiana Nery, Ilza Rosa Batista, Ivaldo Silva, and Acioly L. T. Lacerda

Subjects
cortex orbitofrontal, esquizofrenia, transtornos afetivos, transtornos ansiosos, transtornos de personalidade, aquisição de neuroimagens, orbitofrontal cortex, schizophrenia, mood disorders, anxiety disorders, personality disorders, neuroimaging, Psychiatry, RC435-571
Abstract

OBJECTIVE: To report structural and functional neuroimaging studies exploring the potential role of the orbitofrontal cortex (OFC) in the pathophysiology of the most prevalent psychiatric disorders (PD). METHOD: A non-systematic literature review was conducted by means of MEDLINE using the following terms as parameters: "orbitofrontal cortex", "schizophrenia", "bipolar disorder", "major depression", "anxiety disorders", "personality disorders" and "drug addiction". The electronic search was done up to July 2011. DISCUSSION: Structural and functional OFC abnormalities have been reported in many PD, namely schizophrenia, mood disorders, anxiety disorders, personality disorders and drug addiction. Structural magnetic resonance imaging studies have reported reduced OFC volume in patients with schizophrenia, mood disorders, PTSD, panic disorder, cluster B personality disorders and drug addiction. Furthermore, functional magnetic resonance imaging studies using cognitive paradigms have shown impaired OFC activity in all PD listed above. CONCLUSION: Neuroimaging studies have observed an important OFC involvement in a number of PD. However, future studies are clearly needed to characterize the specific role of OFC on each PD as well as understanding its role in both normal and pathological behavior, mood regulation and cognitive functioning.OBJETIVO: Relatar estudos de neuroimagens estruturais e funcionais explorando o papel potencial do córtex orbitofrontal (COF) na fisiopatologia dos transtornos psiquiátricos (TP) mais prevalentes. MÉTODO: Foi realizada uma revisão não sistemática da literatura no MEDLINE, usando como parâmetros os seguintes termos: "córtex orbitofrontal", "esquizofrenia", "transtorno bipolar", "depressão maior", "transtornos ansiosos", "transtornos de personalidade" e "dependência a drogas". A pesquisa eletrônica foi feita até julho de 2011. DISCUSSÃO: Foram relatadas anormalidades estruturais e funcionais do COF em muitos TP, particularmente esquizofrenia, transtornos afetivos, transtornos ansiosos, transtornos de personalidade e dependência a drogas. Estudos de aquisição de imagens estruturais por ressonância magnética relataram a redução do volume do COF em pacientes portadores de esquizofrenia, transtornos afetivos, TEPT, transtorno do pânico, transtornos de personalidade do grupo B e dependência a drogas. Além disso, estudos de aquisição de imagens funcionais por ressonância magnética empregando paradigmas cognitivos demonstraram alterações na atividade do COF em todos os TP anteriormente relacionados. CONCLUSÃO: Estudos de neuroimagens observaram um envolvimento importante do COF em vários TP. Entretanto, estudos futuros são claramente necessários para caracterizar o papel específico do COF em cada TP, assim como para a compreensão de seu papel tanto no comportamento normal como no patológico, na regulação do humor e no funcionamento cognitivo.

Published
2012
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15. Cerebellar volume in patients with dementia Volume cerebelar em pacientes com demência

Author

Leonardo Baldaçara, João Guilherme Fiorani Borgio, Walter André dos Santos Moraes, Acioly Luiz Tavares Lacerda, Maria Beatriz Marcondes Macedo Montaño, Sérgio Tufik, Rodrigo Affonseca Bressan, Luiz Roberto Ramos, and Andrea Parolin Jackowski

Subjects
Cerebelo, Estudos epidemiológicos, Demência, Doença de Alzheimer, Avanço da doença, Cerebellum, Epidemiological studies, Dementia, Alzheimer's disease, Disease progression, Psychiatry, RC435-571
Abstract

OBJECTIVE: The aim of this study was to examine the cerebellar volume of subjects at different stages of Alzheimer's disease and to investigate whether volume reductions in this structure are related to cognitive decline. METHOD: Ninety-six subjects from an epidemiological study were submitted to a magnetic resonance imaging scan and evaluated using the Mini-Mental State Examination and the Functional Activities Questionnaire. Subjects were divided into five groups according to the Clinical Dementia Rating scale. Twenty-six subjects from the original group who had no dementia diagnosis at baseline were re-evaluated for the onset of dementia after two years. RESULTS: The volumes of the cerebellar hemispheres, posterior cerebellar lobe, vermis and temporal lobe were found to be reduced as a function of the severity of the disease. There were significant positive correlations between the volume of the temporal lobe and cerebellum and the language, attention, and total scores in the Mini-Mental State Examination and the Functional Activities Questionnaire. A logistic regression analysis demonstrated that reduced temporal lobe, posterior cerebellar lobe and vermal volume at baseline is a risk factor for the onset of dementia. CONCLUSION: This is the first study demonstrating that reduced cerebellar volume is already apparent at the predementia stage. The results of this study support the involvement of the cerebellum in the progression of dementia. Whereas the cerebellum might not be directly associated with the origin of Alzheimer's disease, it may provide useful information related to its prognosis.OBJETIVO: O objetivo deste estudo foi examinar o volume cerebelar em indivíduos em diferentes fases da doença de Alzheimer e investigar se sua redução estaria relacionada com o declínio cognitivo. MÉTODO: Noventa e seis indivíduos de um estudo epidemiológico foram submetidos à ressonância magnética e avaliados por meio do Mini Exame do Estado Mental e do Questionário de Atividades Funcionais. Os sujeitos foram divididos em cinco grupos de acordo com a Escala de Gravidade da Demência. Vinte e seis indivíduos do grupo original que não tinham o diagnóstico de demência no início do estudo foram reavaliados após dois anos para detectar o desenvolvimento da doença. RESULTADOS: Os volumes dos hemisférios cerebelares, lobo cerebelar posterior, vermis e lobo temporal estavam diminuídos proporcionalmente à gravidade da doença. Houve correlações positivas e significativas entre o Questionário de Atividades Funcionais, Mini Exame do Estado Mental e seus respectivos subtestes para linguagem e atenção com os volumes dos lobos temporal e cerebelar. A análise de regressão logística demonstrou que o volume reduzido do lobo temporal, lobo cerebelar posterior e vermis pode ser um fator de risco para o futuro desenvolvimento de demência. CONCLUSÃO: Este é o primeiro estudo que demonstrou que o volume do cerebelo pode estar reduzido na fase pré-demência e reforça o papel dessa estrutura na progressão da doença de Alzheimer. Considerando que o cerebelo pode não estar diretamente associado com a origem da doença de Alzheimer, este achado tem valor para o prognóstico.

Published
2011
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16. Rapid tranquilization for agitated patients in emergency psychiatric rooms: a randomized trial of olanzapine, ziprasidone, haloperidol plus promethazine, haloperidol plus midazolam and haloperidol alone Tranquilização rápida para pacientes agitados nos serviços de emergência psiquiátrica: um ensaio clínico randomisado de olanzapina, ziprasidona, haloperidol mais prometazina, haloperidol mais midazolam e haloperidol em monoterapia

Author

Leonardo Baldaçara, Marsal Sanches, Daniel Cruz Cordeiro, and Andrea Parolin Jackowski

Subjects
Agitação psicomotora, Transtornos psicóticos, Agentes antipsicóticos, Emergências, Tranquilizantes, Psychomotor agitation, Psychotic disorders, Antipsychotic agents, Emergencies, Tranquilizing agents, Psychiatry, RC435-571
Abstract

OBJECTIVE: To compare the effectiveness of intramuscular olanzapine, ziprasidone, haloperidol plus promethazine, haloperidol plus midazolam and haloperidol alone as the first medication(s) used to treat patients with agitation and aggressive behavior. METHOD: One hundred fifty patients with agitation caused by psychotic or bipolar disorder were randomly assigned under double-blind conditions to receive olanzapine, ziprasidone, haloperidol plus midazolam, haloperidol plus promethazine or haloperidol alone. The Overt Agitation Severity Scale, Overt Aggression Scale and Ramsay Sedation Scale were applied within 12 hours after the first dosage. RESULTS: All medications produced a calming effect within one hour of administration, but only olanzapine and haloperidol reduced agitation by less than 10 points, and only olanzapine reduced aggression by less than four points in the first hour. After twelve hours, only patients treated with haloperidol plus midazolam had high levels of agitation and aggression and also more side effects. Ziprasidone, olanzapine and haloperidol alone had more stable results for agitation control, while ziprasidone, haloperidol plus promethazine and olanzapine had stable results for aggression control. CONCLUSION: Olanzapine, ziprasidone, haloperidol plus promethazine, haloperidol plus midazolam and haloperidol were effective in controlling agitation and aggression caused by mental illness over 12 hours. Although all the drugs had advantages and disadvantages, haloperidol plus midazolam was associated with the worst results in all the observed parameters.OBJETIVO: Comparar a eficácia da olanzapina, ziprasidona, haloperidol associado ao midazolam, haloperidol associado à prometazina e haloperidol isoladamente por via intramuscular como primeira escolha no tratamento de pacientes em agitação e agressividade. MÉTODO: Cento e cinquenta pacientes com agitação psicomotora por transtorno psicótico ou transtorno bipolar foram recrutados para estudo duplo-cego e receberam olanzapina, ziprasidona, haloperidol associado a midazolam, haloperidol associado a prometazina ou haloperidol isoladamente. Foram aplicadas as escalas Overt Agitation Severity Scale, Overt Aggression Scale e Ramsay Sedation Scale no período de 12 horas após a primeira aplicação. RESULTADOS: Todas as medicações foram capazes de acalmar os pacientes após uma hora da administração. Apenas a olanzapina e o haloperidol reduziram a agitação para menos de 10 pontos e apenas a olanzapina reduziu a agressividade para menos de quatro pontos nesse período. Doze horas depois, apenas o haloperidol com midazolam apresentou valores altos para a agitação e agressividade, e também esteve relacionado com maior proporção de efeitos colaterais. A ziprasidona, a olanzapina e o haloperidol apresentaram resultados mais estáveis para o controle da agitação e a ziprasidona, haloperidol associado a prometazina e olanzapina para o controle da agressividade. CONCLUSÃO: A olanzapina, a ziprasidona, o haloperidol associado a prometazina, o haloperidol associado ao midazolam e o haloperidol isoladamente foram efetivos no controle da agitação e da agressividade secundária a transtornos mentais dentro de 12 horas. Todas as drogas apresentaram vantagens e desvantagens, exceto pela associação haloperidol e midazolam que demonstrou os piores resultados em todos os parâmetros.

Published
2011
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17. Voxel-based morphometry findings in Alzheimer's disease: neuropsychiatric symptoms and disability correlations - preliminary results

Author

Luciano de Gois Vasconcelos, Andrea Parolin Jackowski, Maira Okada de Oliveira, Yoná Mayara Ribeiro Flor, Orlando Francisco Amodeo Bueno, and Sonia Maria Dozzi Brucki

Subjects
Dementia, behavior disorder (Bpsd), Functional impairment, MRI, Medicine (General), R5-920
Abstract

INTRODUCTION: The role of structural brain changes and their correlations with neuropsychiatric symptoms and disability in Alzheimer's disease are still poorly understood. OBJECTIVE: To establish whether structural changes in grey matter volume in patients with mild Alzheimer's disease are associated with neuropsychiatric symptoms and disability METHODS: Nineteen Alzheimer's disease patients (9 females; total mean age =75.2 y old +4.7; total mean education level =8.5 y +4.9) underwent a magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) examination and voxel-based morphometry analysis. T1-weighted images were spatially normalized and segmented. Grey matter images were smoothed and analyzed using a multiple regression design. The results were corrected for multiple comparisons. The Neuropsychiatric Inventory was used to evaluate the neuropsychiatric symptoms, and the Functional Activities Questionnaire and Disability Assessment for Dementia were used for functional evaluation RESULTS: A significant negative correlation was found between the bilateral middle frontal gyri, left inferior temporal gyrus, right orbitofrontal gyrus, and Neuropsychiatric Inventory scores. A negative correlation was found between bilateral middle temporal gyri, left hippocampus, bilateral fusiform gyri, and the Functional Activities Questionnaire. There was a positive correlation between the right amygdala, bilateral fusiform gyri, right anterior insula, left inferior and middle temporal gyri, right superior temporal gyrus, and Disability Assessment for Dementia scores CONCLUSIONS: The results suggest that the neuropsychiatric symptoms observed in Alzheimer's disease patients could be mainly due to frontal structural abnormalities, whereas disability could be associated with reductions in temporal structures.

Published
2011
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18. Cerebellum and psychiatric disorders O cerebelo e os transtornos psiquiátricos

Author

Leonardo Baldaçara, João Guilherme Fiorani Borgio, Acioly Luiz Tavares de Lacerda, and Andrea Parolin Jackowski

Subjects
Cerebelo, Esquizofrenia, Transtornos do humor, Transtornos da ansiedade, Demência, Cerebellum, Schizophrenia, Mood disorders, Anxiety disorders, Dementia, Psychiatry, RC435-571
Abstract

OBJECTIVE: The objective of this update article is to report structural and functional neuroimaging studies exploring the potential role of cerebellum in the pathophysiology of psychiatric disorders. METHOD: A non-systematic literature review was conducted by means of Medline using the following terms as a parameter: "cerebellum", "cerebellar vermis", "schizophrenia", "bipolar disorder", "depression", "anxiety disorders", "dementia" and "attention deficit hyperactivity disorder". The electronic search was done up to April 2008. DISCUSSION: Structural and functional cerebellar abnormalities have been reported in many psychiatric disorders, namely schizophrenia, bipolar disorder, major depressive disorder, anxiety disorders, dementia and attention deficit hyperactivity disorder. Structural magnetic resonance imaging studies have reported smaller total cerebellar and vermal volumes in schizophrenia, mood disorders and attention deficit hyperactivity disorder. Functional magnetic resonance imaging studies using cognitive paradigms have shown alterations in cerebellar activity in schizophrenia, anxiety disorders and attention deficit hyperactivity disorder. In dementia, the cerebellum is affected in later stages of the disease. CONCLUSION: Contrasting with early theories, cerebellum appears to play a major role in different brain functions other than balance and motor control, including emotional regulation and cognition. Future studies are clearly needed to further elucidate the role of cerebellum in both normal and pathological behavior, mood regulation, and cognitive functioning.OBJETIVO: Este artigo de atualização tem como objetivo avaliar estudos em neuroimagem estrutural e funcional a fim de explorar o papel do cerebelo na patofisiologia dos transtornos psiquiátricos. MÉTODO: Uma revisão não sistemática foi realizada através do Medline utilizando-se como parâmetro os seguintes termos: "cerebellum", "cerebellar vermis", "schizophrenia", "bipolar disorder", "depression", "anxiety disorders", "dementia" e "attention deficit hyperactivity disorder". A busca eletrônica foi feita até abril de 2008. DISCUSSÃO: Anormalidades cerebelares estruturais e funcionais têm sido relatadas em muitos transtornos psiquiátricos, entre eles a esquizofrenia, transtorno bipolar, transtorno depressivo, transtornos ansiosos, demências e transtorno de déficit de atenção e hiperatividade. Estudos utilizando imagem por ressonância magnética estrutural relataram a diminuição do volume total do cerebelo e do vermis cerebelar na esquizofrenia, transtornos do humor e transtorno de falta de atenção com hiperatividade. Estudos utilizando ressonância magnética funcional e paradigmas cognitivos têm demonstrado alterações na atividade cerebelar na esquizofrenia, transtornos ansiosos e transtorno de falta de atenção com hiperatividade. Nas demências, o cerebelo é afetado nos estágios mais avançados dessas doenças. CONCLUSÃO: Contrastando com as primeiras teorias, o cerebelo parece apresentar um papel mais importante em diferentes funções cerebrais além do controle motor e do equilíbrio, incluindo a regulação emocional e cognição. Futuros estudos são necessários para melhor elucidar o papel do cerebelo em ambos os comportamentos, normal e patológico, na regulação do humor e nas funções cognitivas.

Published
2008
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19. Normal Metabolic Levels in Prefrontal Cortex in Euthymic Bipolar I Patients with and without Suicide Attempts

Author

Marlos Vasconcelos Rocha, Fabiana Nery-Fernandes, José Luiz Guimarães, Lucas de Castro Quarantini, Irismar Reis de Oliveira, Giovanna G. Ladeia-Rocha, Andrea Parolin Jackowski, César de Araujo Neto, and Ângela Miranda-Scippa

Subjects
Neurosciences. Biological psychiatry. Neuropsychiatry, RC321-571
Abstract

Introduction/Objective. Evidence suggests that the prefrontal cortex has been implicated in the pathophysiology of bipolar disorder (BD), but few neurochemical studies have evaluated this region in bipolar patients and there is no information from BD suicide attempters using Proton Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy (H+MRS). The objective was to evaluate the metabolic function of the medial orbital frontal cortex in euthymic BD type I suicide and nonsuicide attempters compared to healthy subjects by H+MRS. Methods. 40 euthymic bipolar I outpatients, 19 without and 21 with history of suicide attempt, and 22 healthy subjects were interviewed using the Structured Clinical Interview with the DSM-IV axis I, the Hamilton Depression Rating Scale, the Young Mania Rating Scale, and the Barratt Impulsiveness Scale-11 and underwent H+MRS. Results. We did not find any metabolic abnormality in medial orbital frontal regions of suicide and nonsuicide BD patients and BD patients as a group compared to healthy subjects. Conclusions. The combined chronic use of psychotropic drugs with neuroprotective or neurotrophic effects leading to a euthymic state for longer periods of time may improve neurometabolic function, at least measured by H+MRS, even in suicide attempters. Besides, these results may implicate mood dependent alterations in brain metabolic activity. However, more studies with larger sample sizes of this heterogeneous disorder are warranted to clarify these data.

Published
2015
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20. Memory networks in tinnitus: a functional brain image study.

Author

Maura Regina Laureano, Ektor Tsuneo Onishi, Rodrigo Affonseca Bressan, Mario Luiz Vieira Castiglioni, Ilza Rosa Batista, Marilia Alves Reis, Michele Vargas Garcia, Adriana Neves de Andrade, Roberta Ribeiro de Almeida, Griselda J Garrido, and Andrea Parolin Jackowski

Subjects
Medicine, Science
Abstract

Tinnitus is characterized by the perception of sound in the absence of an external auditory stimulus. The network connectivity of auditory and non-auditory brain structures associated with emotion, memory and attention are functionally altered in debilitating tinnitus. Current studies suggest that tinnitus results from neuroplastic changes in the frontal and limbic temporal regions. The objective of this study was to use Single-Photon Emission Computed Tomography (SPECT) to evaluate changes in the cerebral blood flow in tinnitus patients with normal hearing compared with healthy controls.Twenty tinnitus patients with normal hearing and 17 healthy controls, matched for sex, age and years of education, were subjected to Single Photon Emission Computed Tomography using the radiotracer ethylenedicysteine diethyl ester, labeled with Technetium 99 m (99 mTc-ECD SPECT). The severity of tinnitus was assessed using the "Tinnitus Handicap Inventory" (THI). The images were processed and analyzed using "Statistical Parametric Mapping" (SPM8).A significant increase in cerebral perfusion in the left parahippocampal gyrus (pFWE

Published
2014
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21. Relationship between structural abnormalities in the cerebellum and dementia, posttraumatic stress disorder and bipolar disorder

Author

Leonardo Baldaçara, João Guilherme Fiorani Borgio, Célia Araújo, Fabiana Nery-Fernandes, Acioly Luiz Taveres Lacerda, Walter André dos Santos Moraes, Maria Beatriz Marcondes Macedo Montaño, Marlos Rocha, Lucas C. Quarantini, Aline Schoedl, Mariana Pupo, Marcelo F. Mello, Sergio B. Andreoli, Angela Miranda-Scippa, Luiz Roberto Ramos, Jair J. Mari, Rodrigo Affonseca Bressan, and Andrea Parolin Jackowski

Subjects
cerebellum, neuroimaging, mental disorders, risk factors, comparative study, Neurosciences. Biological psychiatry. Neuropsychiatry, RC321-571
Abstract

ABSTRACT. New evidence suggests that the cerebellum has structural and functional abnormalities in psychiatric disorders. Objective: In this research, the goal was to measure the volume of the cerebellum and its subregions in individuals with psychiatric disorders and to relate these findings to their symptoms. Methods: Patients with different degrees of cognitive impairment (Epidemiology of the Elderly - UNIFESP) and patients with post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) from population studies were analyzed. Also, patients with bipolar disorder from an outpatient clinic (Center for the Study of Mood and Anxiety Disorders, Universidade Federal da Bahia) were recruited for this study. All subjects underwent a 1.5T structural magnetic resonance scan. Volumetric measures and symptom measurements, by psychometric scales, were performed and compared between patients and controls. Results: The cerebellum volume was reduced in patients with cognitive impairment without dementia and with dementia, in patients with PTSD, and in patients with bipolar disorder compared to controls. In dementia and PTSD, the left cerebellar hemisphere and vermis volume were reduced. In bipolar disorder, volumes of both hemispheres and the vermis were reduced. In the first two studies, these cerebellar volumetric reductions correlated with symptoms of the disease. Conclusion: The exact nature of cerebellar involvement in mental processes is still not fully understood. However, abnormalities in cerebellar structure and its functions have been reported in some of these diseases. Future studies with larger samples are needed to clarify these findings and investigate whether they are important for treatment and prognosis.

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22. Relationships Between Telomere Length, Plasma Glucagon-like Peptide 1, and Insulin in Early-Life Stress–Exposed Nonhuman Primates

Author

Audrey R. Tyrka, Andrea Parolin Jackowski, Jeremy D. Coplan, Tarique D. Perera, Kathryn K. Ridout, Anna V. Rozenboym, Shariful A. Syed, Hung-Teh Kao, Barbara Porton, Jean Tang, Sasha Fulton, and John G. Kral

Subjects
medicine.medical_specialty, Offspring, medicine.medical_treatment, Early life stress, RC435-571, Peptide, pGLP-1, Biology, Adversity, Insulin resistance, Internal medicine, medicine, Maltreatment, Insulin, Risk factor, Early-life stress, chemistry.chemical_classification, Adaptive calibration, Psychiatry, General Medicine, medicine.disease, Telomere, Endocrinology, chemistry, Anxiety, medicine.symptom
Abstract

Background: Early-life stress is associated with alterations in telomere length, a marker of accumulated stress and aging, and a risk factor for psychiatric disorders. Nonhuman primate maternal variable foraging demand (VFD) is a validated early-life stress model, resulting in anxiety- and depressive-like symptoms in offspring. Previous studies reported increased plasma glucagon-like peptide 1 (pGLP-1) along with insulin resistance in this model. We investigated whether VFD rearing related to adult telomere length and to these neuroendocrine markers. Methods: Adult leukocyte telomere length was measured in VFD-reared (12 males, 13 females) and non-VFD–reared (9 males, 26 females) bonnet macaques. Associations between adult telomere length and adolescent fasting pGLP-1 or insulin resistance in VFD-reared versus non-VFD–reared groups were examined using regression modeling, controlling for sex, weight, and age. Results: VFD subjects had relatively longer telomeres than non-VFD subjects (p = .017), and females relatively longer than males (p = .0004). Telomere length was positively associated with pGLP-1 (p = .0009) and with reduced insulin sensitivity (p < .0001) in both sexes, but not as a function of rearing group. Conclusions: Unexpectedly, VFD was associated with longer adult telomere length. Insulin resistance may lead to higher pGLP-1 levels in adolescence, which could protect telomere length in VFD offspring as adults. Associations between adult telomere length and adolescent insulin resistance and high pGLP-1 may reflect an adaptive, compensatory response after early-life stress exposure.

Published
2022

23. Polygenic risk score for attention‐deficit/hyperactivity disorder and brain functional networks segregation in a community‐based sample

Author

João Ricardo Sato, Claudinei Eduardo Biazoli, Ana Paula Arantes Bueno, Arthur Caye, Pedro Mario Pan, Marcos Santoro, Jessica Honorato‐Mauer, Giovanni Abrahão Salum, Marcelo Queiroz Hoexter, Rodrigo Affonseca Bressan, Andrea Parolin Jackowski, Euripedes Constantino Miguel, Sintia Belangero, and Luis Augusto Rohde

Subjects
Behavioral Neuroscience, Neurology, Genetics
Published
2023

24. Cortical surface abnormalities are different depending on the stage of schizophrenia: A cross-sectional vertexwise mega-analysis of thickness, area and gyrification

Author

Andrea Parolin Jackowski, Wagner F. Gattaz, Mario Rodrigues Louzã, Pedro G.P. Rosa, Geraldo Busatto Filho, Marcus V. Zanetti, José Alexandre de Souza Crippa, Mauricio H. Serpa, Débora Pastore Bassitt, Jaime Eduardo Cecilio Hallak, Fábio L.S. Duran, Rodrigo A. Bressan, Ary Gadelha, André Zugman, Helio Elkis, Carlos Toledo Cerqueira, and Paulo C. Sallet

Subjects
Cerebral Cortex, Male, Psychosis, business.industry, medicine.medical_treatment, Physiology, ESTUDOS TRANSVERSAIS, medicine.disease, Magnetic Resonance Imaging, Psychiatry and Mental health, Cross-Sectional Studies, Psychotic Disorders, Schizophrenia, Statistical significance, Humans, Medicine, Cortical surface, Stage (cooking), Age of onset, business, Antipsychotic, Gyrification, Biological Psychiatry, Antipsychotic Agents
Abstract

Background Brain magnetic resonance imaging studies have not investigated the cortical surface comprehensively in schizophrenia subjects by assessing thickness, surface area and gyrification separately during the first-episode of psychosis (FEP) or chronic schizophrenia (ChSch). Methods We investigated cortical surface abnormalities in 137 FEP patients and 240 ChSch subjects compared to 297 Healthy Controls (HC) contributed by five cohorts. Maps showing results of vertexwise between-group comparisons of cortical thickness, area, and gyrification were produced using T1-weighted datasets processed using FreeSurfer 5.3, followed by validated quality control protocols. Results FEP subjects showed large clusters of increased area and gyrification relative to HC in prefrontal and insuli cortices (Cohen's d: 0.049 to 0.28). These between-group differences occurred partially beyond the effect of sample. ChSch subjects displayed reduced cortical thickness relative to HC in smaller fronto-temporal foci (d: −0.73 to −0.35), but not beyond the effect of sample. Differences between FEP and HC subjects were associated with male gender, younger age, and earlier illness onset, while differences between ChSch and HC were associated with treatment-resistance and first-generation antipsychotic (FGA) intake independently of sample effect. Conclusions Separate assessments of FEP and ChSch revealed abnormalities that differed in regional distribution, phenotypes affected and effect size. In FEP, associations of greater cortical area and gyrification abnormalities with earlier age of onset suggest an origin on anomalous neurodevelopment, while thickness reductions in ChSch are at least partially explained by treatment-resistance and FGA intake. Associations of between-group differences with clinical variables retained statistical significance beyond the effect of sample.

Published
2021

25. Long‐term stability of the cortical volumetric profile and the functional human connectome throughout childhood and adolescence

Author

Ary Gadelha, Andrea Parolin Jackowski, Luciana Monteiro Moura, Luis Augusto Rohde, João Ricardo Sato, Ana Paula Arantes Bueno, Claudinei Eduardo Biazoli, Edson Amaro, Pedro Mario Pan, Rodrigo A. Bressan, André Zugman, Euripedes Constantino Miguel, Giovanni Abrahão Salum, and Felipe Almeida Picon

Subjects
Adult, Adolescent, Resting state fMRI, General Neuroscience, Functional connectivity, Brain, Human Connectome, Biology, Magnetic Resonance Imaging, Stability (probability), Term (time), Functional networks, Connectome, Humans, Functional connectome, Attention, Nerve Net, Child, Neuroscience
Abstract

There is compelling evidence showing that between-subject variability in several functional and structural brain features is sufficient for unique identification in adults. However, individuation of brain functional connectomes depends on the stabilization of neurodevelopmental processes during childhood and adolescence. Here, we aimed to (1) evaluate the intra-subject functional connectome stability over time for the whole brain and for large scale functional networks and (2) determine the long-term identification accuracy or 'fingerprinting' for the cortical volumetric profile and the functional connectome. For these purposes, we analysed a longitudinal cohort of 239 children and adolescents scanned in two sessions with an interval of approximately 3 years (age range 6-15 years at baseline and 9-18 years at follow-up). Corroborating previous results using short between-scan intervals in children and adolescents, we observed a moderate identification accuracy (38%) for the whole functional profile. In contrast, identification accuracy using cortical volumetric profile was 95%. Among the large-scale networks, the default-mode (26.8%), the frontoparietal (23.4%) and the dorsal-attention (27.6%) networks were the most discriminative. Our results provide further evidence for a protracted development of specific individual structural and functional connectivity profiles.

Published
2021

26. Cellular correlates of cortical thinning throughout the lifespan

Author

Didac Vidal-Piñeiro, Athanasia M. Mowinckel, Tomáš Paus, Jean Shin, Øystein Sørensen, Anders M. Fjell, Yash Patel, Kristine B. Walhovd, Andrea Parolin Jackowski, Giovanni Abrahão Salum, Håkon Grydeland, Alzheimer’s Disease Neuroimaging Initiative, Leon French, Nadine Parker, and Zdenka Pausova

Subjects
0301 basic medicine, Male, Genetics of the nervous system, Cortical thinning, 0302 clinical medicine, Gene expression, Child, Aged, 80 and over, Cerebral Cortex, 0303 health sciences, Multidisciplinary, Microglia, Neurodegeneration, Human brain, Neural ageing, Cerebral Cortical Thinning, Middle Aged, Magnetic Resonance Imaging, medicine.anatomical_structure, Child, Preschool, Medicine, Female, Adult, Cell type, Adolescent, Science, Longevity, Cognitive neuroscience, Biology, Article, 03 medical and health sciences, Alzheimer Disease, medicine, Humans, Cognitive Dysfunction, CA1 Region, Hippocampal, Gene, Aged, 030304 developmental biology, Thinning, medicine.disease, 030104 developmental biology, Diseases of the nervous system, sense organs, Neuroscience, 030217 neurology & neurosurgery
Abstract

Cortical thinning occurs throughout the entire life and extends to late-life neurodegeneration, yet the neurobiological substrates are poorly understood. Here, we used a virtual-histology technique and gene expression data from the Allen Human Brain Atlas to compare the regional profiles of longitudinal cortical thinning through life (4004 MRIs) with those of gene expression for several neuronal and non-neuronal cell types. The results were replicated in three independent longitudinal datasets. We found that inter-regional profiles of cortical thinning related to expression profiles for marker genes of CA1 pyramidal cells, astrocytes and microglia during development and in aging. During the two stages of life, the relationships went in opposite directions: greater gene expression related to less thinning in development and vice versa in aging. The association between cortical thinning and cell-specific gene expression was also present in mild cognitive impairment and Alzheimer’s Disease. These findings suggest a role of astrocytes and microglia in promoting and supporting neuronal growth and dendritic structures through life that affects cortical thickness during development, aging, and neurodegeneration. Overall, the findings contribute to our understanding of the neurobiology underlying variations in MRI-derived estimates of cortical thinning through life and late-life disease.

Published
2020

27. Brain charts for the human lifespan

Author

Armin Raznahan, Eric Courchesne, Andrea Parolin Jackowski, Kamen A. Tsvetanov, Cameron T. Ellis, R.C. Gur, Bin Bae J, Park Mtm, Pedro A. Valdes-Sosa, Simon N. Vandekar, Jacob W. Vogel, Juan Zhou, Machteld Marcelis, Kiho Im, Patricia Ellen Grant, Minhui Ouyang, Blesa Cabez M, Michael V. Lombardo, Sarah E. Morgan, James P. Boardman, Adamson C, Calhoun Vd, Delarue M, James H. Cole, Pichet Binette A, Roberto Toro, David H. Rowitch, Nynke A. Groenewold, Kevin M. Anderson, David T.W. Jones, Michael Schöll, Wang Ys, Aiden Corvin, R.E. Gur, Damien A. Fair, Gareth Ball, Herma Lina Schaare, Andrew Zalesky, Evdokia Anagnostou, Michael J. Meaney, Taki Y, Gareth J. Sullivan, Warrier, Petra E. Vértes, Chixiang Chen, Lisa T. Eyler, Wei Liao, Tomáš Paus, Jeremy A. Elman, Phillip McGuire, Hisham Ziauddeen, William S. Kremen, Etienne Vachon-Presseau, E.T. Bullmore, Christophe Tzourio, White, Hammill Cf, Mothersill D, Richard N. Henson, Jiang Qiu, Duncan E. Astle, Fabrice Crivello, Paul C. Fletcher, Chertavian C, Kim K, Jennifer Crosbie, Russell Schachar, Gabriel A. Devenyi, Manfred G. Kitzbichler, Tianye Jia, Trey Hedden, Sang Jae Lee, Ross D. Markello, Silke Kern, Ian M. Goodyer, Keith A. Johnson, Frauke Beyer, Bernard Mazoyer, A. Heinz, Sylvane Desrivières, Rosenberg, Gary Donohoe, Ong Mq, Alexander D. Edwards, Dan J. Stein, Nenad Medic, Zuo Xn, Travis T. Mallard, Peter Fonagy, Lindsay W. Victoria, Ingmar Skoog, Avram J. Holmes, Jason P. Lerch, Jed T. Elison, Jianfu Li, John H. Gilmore, Rosemary Holt, Caitlin K. Rollins, Carol E. Franz, Pedro Mario Pan, Saashi A Bedford, Yang N, Jonathan C Ipser, Richard A. I. Bethlehem, Tuulari Jj, Stolicyn A, Hua Huang, Bratislav Misic, Conor Liston, Ayub M, Lisa Ronan, Yeo Bt, Sophie Adler, Charles J. Lynch, Faith M. Gunning, Konrad Wagstyl, M. Mallar Chakravarty, John Suckling, Theodore D. Satterthwaite, Bharath Holla, Yap Seng Chong, Jinglei Lv, Jakob Seidlitz, Niall J Bourke, Xinlei Qian, Simon Baron-Cohen, Cynthia M. Ortinau, Deirel Paz Linares, Thyreau B, René S. Kahn, Aaron P. Schultz, Vanessa Cropley, Eric Westman, Mitchell Valdés-Sosa, Rik Ossenkoppele, André Zugman, Hasse Karlsson, Sylvia Villeneuve, Katja Heuer, Di Biase Ma, Margaret L. Westwater, Sofie L. Valk, David J. Sharp, Brigitte Landeau, Matthew Borzage, Kirsten A. Donald, Timothy Rittman, Richard Beare, Giovanni Abrahão Salum, Gunter Schumann, Ryuta Kawashima, Romero-Garcia R, John Blangero, Yun Hj, Russel T. Shinohara, Nicolas Crossley, Simon K. Warfield, Karen Pierce, George S. Alexopoulos, Katharine Dunlop, David C. Glahn, Francois Lalonde, Anqi Qiu, Lana Vasung, Gaël Chételat, Lídice Galán-García, Clifford R. Jack, Reisa A. Sperling, Anna Zettergren, Elizabeth Kelley, Arno Villringer, Andrea Mechelli, Benegal, Aaron Alexander-Bloch, Nicholas B. Turk-Browne, van Amelsvoort T, John D. Lewis, Heather C. Whalley, A. V. Witte, Zdenka Pausova, Joel T. Nigg, Heather J. Zar, Raymond J. Dolan, Christopher D. Smyser, Jay N. Giedd, Lena Palaniyappan, Ali Gholipour, Areces-Gonzalez A, Peter B. Jones, Jacqueline Hoare, Oskar Hansson, Linnea Karlsson, C Pantelis, Paly L, Bonnie Auyeung, Jorge Bosch-Bayard, Bethlehem, Richard [0000-0002-0714-0685], White, Simon [0000-0001-8642-7037], Astle, Duncan [0000-0002-7042-5392], Baron-Cohen, Simon [0000-0001-9217-2544], Henson, Rik [0000-0002-0712-2639], Jones, Peter [0000-0002-0387-880X], Kitzbichler, Manfred [0000-0002-4494-0753], Rittman, Timothy [0000-0003-1063-6937], Rowitch, David [0000-0002-0079-0060], Tsvetanov, Kamen A. [0000-0002-3178-6363], Westwater-Wozniak, Margaret [0000-0002-2918-0979], Ziauddeen, Hisham [0000-0003-4044-1719], Apollo - University of Cambridge Repository, British Academy, Autism Research Trust, National Institute of Mental Health (US), UK Research and Innovation, Medical Research Council (UK), National Institute for Health and Care Research (US), Wellcome Trust, University of Cambridge, Cambridge Biomedical Research Centre, University of Cambridge [UK] (CAM), University of Pennsylvania, Yale University [New Haven], Institut des Maladies Neurodégénératives [Bordeaux] (IMN), Université de Bordeaux (UB)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Physiopathologie et imagerie des troubles neurologiques (PhIND), Université de Caen Normandie (UNICAEN), Normandie Université (NU)-Normandie Université (NU)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), Génétique humaine et fonctions cognitives - Human Genetics and Cognitive Functions (GHFC (UMR_3571 / U-Pasteur_1)), Institut Pasteur [Paris] (IP)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Paris Cité (UPCité), Child and Adolescent Psychiatry Department [AP- HP Hôpital Robert Debré], AP-HP Hôpital universitaire Robert-Debré [Paris], Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (AP-HP)-Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (AP-HP), Département de Neuroscience - Department of Neuroscience, Centre de Recherche Interdisciplinaire / Center for Research and Interdisciplinarity [Paris, France] (CRI), Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Université Paris Cité (UPCité), Bordeaux population health (BPH), Université de Bordeaux (UB)-Institut de Santé Publique, d'Épidémiologie et de Développement (ISPED)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), Psychiatrie & Neuropsychologie, RS: MHeNs - R2 - Mental Health, MUMC+: MA Med Staf Spec Psychiatrie (9), Neurology, Amsterdam Neuroscience - Neurodegeneration, 3R-BRAIN, AIBL, Alzheimer’s Disease Neuroimaging Initiative, Alzheimer’s Disease Repository Without Borders Investigators, CALM Team, Cam-CAN, CCNP, COBRE, cVEDA, ENIGMA Developmental Brain Age Working Group, Developing Human Connectome Project, FinnBrain, Harvard Aging Brain Study, IMAGEN, KNE96, The Mayo Clinic Study of Aging, NSPN, POND, The PREVENT-AD Research Group, VETSA, [Bethlehem, R. A. I.] Univ Cambridge, Dept Psychiat, Autism Res Ctr, Cambridge, England, [Auyeung, B.] Univ Cambridge, Dept Psychiat, Autism Res Ctr, Cambridge, England, [Baron-Cohen, S.] Univ Cambridge, Dept Psychiat, Autism Res Ctr, Cambridge, England, [Bedford, S. A.] Univ Cambridge, Dept Psychiat, Autism Res Ctr, Cambridge, England, [Holt, R.] Univ Cambridge, Dept Psychiat, Autism Res Ctr, Cambridge, England, [Lombardo, M. V.] Univ Cambridge, Dept Psychiat, Autism Res Ctr, Cambridge, England, [Bethlehem, R. A. I.] Univ Cambridge, Dept Psychiat, Brain Mapping Unit, Cambridge, England, [Kitzbichler, M. G.] Univ Cambridge, Dept Psychiat, Brain Mapping Unit, Cambridge, England, [Seidlitz, J.] Univ Penn, Dept Psychiat, Philadelphia, PA 19104 USA, [Vogel, J. W.] Univ Penn, Dept Psychiat, Philadelphia, PA 19104 USA, [Gur, R. E.] Univ Penn, Dept Psychiat, Philadelphia, PA 19104 USA, [Gur, R. C.] Univ Penn, Dept Psychiat, Philadelphia, PA 19104 USA, [Jackowski, A. P.] Univ Penn, Dept Psychiat, Philadelphia, PA 19104 USA, [Satterthwaite, T. D.] Univ Penn, Dept Psychiat, Philadelphia, PA 19104 USA, [Alexander-Bloch, A. F.] Univ Penn, Dept Psychiat, Philadelphia, PA 19104 USA, [Seidlitz, J.] Childrens Hosp Philadelphia, Dept Child & Adolescent Psychiat & Behav Sci, Philadelphia, PA 19104 USA, [Alexander-Bloch, A. F.] Childrens Hosp Philadelphia, Dept Child & Adolescent Psychiat & Behav Sci, Philadelphia, PA 19104 USA, [Seidlitz, J.] Childrens Hosp Philadelphia & Penn Med, Lifespan Brain Inst, Philadelphia, PA USA, [Chertavian, C.] Childrens Hosp Philadelphia & Penn Med, Lifespan Brain Inst, Philadelphia, PA USA, [Gur, R. E.] Childrens Hosp Philadelphia & Penn Med, Lifespan Brain Inst, Philadelphia, PA USA, [Gur, R. C.] Childrens Hosp Philadelphia & Penn Med, Lifespan Brain Inst, Philadelphia, PA USA, [Alexander-Bloch, A. F.] Childrens Hosp Philadelphia & Penn Med, Lifespan Brain Inst, Philadelphia, PA USA, [White, S. R.] Univ Cambridge, Dept Psychiat, Cambridge, England, [Goodyer, I. M.] Univ Cambridge, Dept Psychiat, Cambridge, England, [Henson, R. N.] Univ Cambridge, Dept Psychiat, Cambridge, England, [Jones, P. B.] Univ Cambridge, Dept Psychiat, Cambridge, England, [Kitzbichler, M. G.] Univ Cambridge, Dept Psychiat, Cambridge, England, [Medic, N.] Univ Cambridge, Dept Psychiat, Cambridge, England, [Morgan, S. E.] Univ Cambridge, Dept Psychiat, Cambridge, England, [Romero-Garcia, R.] Univ Cambridge, Dept Psychiat, Cambridge, England, [Ronan, L.] Univ Cambridge, Dept Psychiat, Cambridge, England, [Suckling, J.] Univ Cambridge, Dept Psychiat, Cambridge, England, [Vertes, P. E.] Univ Cambridge, Dept Psychiat, Cambridge, England, [Warrier, V.] Univ Cambridge, Dept Psychiat, Cambridge, England, [Westwater, M. L.] Univ Cambridge, Dept Psychiat, Cambridge, England, [Ziauddeen, H.] Univ Cambridge, Dept Psychiat, Cambridge, England, [Bullmore, E. T.] Univ Cambridge, Dept Psychiat, Cambridge, England, [White, S. R.] Univ Cambridge, MRC Biostat Unit, Cambridge, England, [Vogel, J. W.] Univ Penn, Lifespan Informat & Neuroimaging Ctr, Philadelphia, PA 19104 USA, [Satterthwaite, T. D.] Univ Penn, Lifespan Informat & Neuroimaging Ctr, Philadelphia, PA 19104 USA, [Anderson, K. M.] Yale Univ, Dept Psychol, New Haven, CT USA, [Ellis, C. T.] Yale Univ, Dept Psychol, New Haven, CT USA, [Turk-Browne, N. B.] Yale Univ, Dept Psychol, New Haven, CT USA, [Adamson, C.] Murdoch Childrens Res Inst, Dev Imaging, Melbourne, Vic, Australia, [Ball, G.] Murdoch Childrens Res Inst, Dev Imaging, Melbourne, Vic, Australia, [Beare, R.] Murdoch Childrens Res Inst, Dev Imaging, Melbourne, Vic, Australia, [Jackowski, A. P.] Murdoch Childrens Res Inst, Dev Imaging, Melbourne, Vic, Australia, [Adamson, C.] Monash Univ, Dept Med, Melbourne, Vic, Australia, [Beare, R.] Monash Univ, Dept Med, Melbourne, Vic, Australia, [Adler, S.] UCL Great Ormond St Inst Child Hlth, London, England, [Alexopoulos, G. S.] Weill Cornell Med, Dept Psychiat, Weill Cornell Inst Geriatr Psychiat, New York, NY USA, [Anagnostou, E.] Univ Toronto, Dept Pediat, Toronto, ON, Canada, [Anagnostou, E.] Holland Bloorview Kids Rehabil Hosp, Toronto, ON, Canada, [Pierce, K.] Holland Bloorview Kids Rehabil Hosp, Toronto, ON, Canada, [Areces-Gonzalez, A.] Univ Elect Sci & Technol China, MOE Key Lab NeuroInformat, Clin Hosp, Chengdu Brain Sci Inst, Chengdu, Peoples R China, [Paz-Linares, D.] Univ Elect Sci & Technol China, MOE Key Lab NeuroInformat, Clin Hosp, Chengdu Brain Sci Inst, Chengdu, Peoples R China, [Areces-Gonzalez, A.] Univ Pinar del Rio Hermanos Saiz Montes de Oca, Pinar Del Rio, Cuba, [Astle, D. E.] Univ Cambridge, MRC Cognit & Brain Sci Unit, Cambridge, England, [Henson, R. N.] Univ Cambridge, MRC Cognit & Brain Sci Unit, Cambridge, England, [Whalley, H. C.] Univ Cambridge, MRC Cognit & Brain Sci Unit, Cambridge, England, [Auyeung, B.] Univ Edinburgh, Sch Philosophy Psychol & Language Sci, Dept Psychol, Edinburgh, Midlothian, Scotland, [Pausova, Z.] Univ Edinburgh, Sch Philosophy Psychol & Language Sci, Dept Psychol, Edinburgh, Midlothian, Scotland, [Ayub, M.] Queens Univ, Dept Psychiat, Ctr Neurosci Studies, Kingston, ON, Canada, [Ayub, M.] UCL, Mental Hlth Neurosci Res Dept, Div Psychiat, London, England, [Bae, J.] Seoul Natl Univ, Bundang Hosp, Dept Neuropsychiat, Seongnam, South Korea, [Ball, G.] Univ Melbourne, Dept Paediat, Melbourne, Vic, Australia, [Baron-Cohen, S.] Cambridgeshire & Peterborough NHS Fdn Trust, Cambridge Lifetime Asperger Syndrome Serv CLASS, Cambridge, England, [Benegal, V.] Natl Inst Mental Hlth & Neurosci NIMHANS, Ctr Addict Med, Bengaluru, India, [Beyer, F.] Max Planck Inst Human Cognit & Brain Sci, Dept Neurol, Leipzig, Germany, [Villringer, A.] Max Planck Inst Human Cognit & Brain Sci, Dept Neurol, Leipzig, Germany, [Witte, A. V.] Max Planck Inst Human Cognit & Brain Sci, Dept Neurol, Leipzig, Germany, [Blangero, J.] Univ Texas Rio Grande Valley, South Texas Diabet & Obes Inst, Dept Human Genet, Edinburg, TX USA, [Blesa Cabez, M.] Univ Edinburgh, MRC Ctr Reprod Hlth, Edinburgh, Midlothian, Scotland, [Boardman, J. P.] Univ Edinburgh, MRC Ctr Reprod Hlth, Edinburgh, Midlothian, Scotland, [Sullivan, G.] Univ Edinburgh, MRC Ctr Reprod Hlth, Edinburgh, Midlothian, Scotland, [Borzage, M.] Univ Southern Calif, Childrens Hosp Los Angeles, Keck Sch Med, Fetal & Neonatal Inst,Div Neonatol,Dept Pediat, Los Angeles, CA 90007 USA, [Bosch-Bayard, J. F.] Montreal Neurol Inst, Ludmer Ctr Neuroinformat & Mental Hlth, McGill Ctr Integrat Neurosci, Montreal, PQ, Canada, [Bosch-Bayard, J. F.] McGill Univ, Montreal, PQ, Canada, [Chakravarty, M. M.] McGill Univ, Montreal, PQ, Canada, [Bourke, N.] Imperial Coll London, Dept Brain Sci, London, England, [Sharp, D.] Imperial Coll London, Dept Brain Sci, London, England, [Alexander-Bloch, A. F.] Imperial Coll London, Dept Brain Sci, London, England, [Bourke, N.] Dementia Res Inst, Care Res & Technol Ctr, London, England, [Calhoun, V. D.] Georgia State Univ, Triinst Ctr Translat Res Neuroimaging & Data Sci, Georgia Inst Technol, Atlanta, GA 30303 USA, [Calhoun, V. D.] Emory Univ, Atlanta, GA 30322 USA, [Chakravarty, M. M.] Douglas Mental Hlth Univ Inst, Cerebral Imaging Ctr, Comp Brain Anat CoBrA Lab, Montreal, PQ, Canada, [Chen, C.] Univ Penn, Penn Stat Imaging & Visualizat Ctr, Dept Biostat Epidemiol & Informat, Perelman Sch Med, Philadelphia, PA 19104 USA, [Shinohara, R. T.] Univ Penn, Penn Stat Imaging & Visualizat Ctr, Dept Biostat Epidemiol & Informat, Perelman Sch Med, Philadelphia, PA 19104 USA, [Chetelat, G.] Normandie Univ, PhIND Physiopathol & Imaging Neurol Disorders, Inst Blood & Brain Caen Normandie, UNICAEN,INSERM,U1237, Caen, France, [Delarue, M.] Normandie Univ, PhIND Physiopathol & Imaging Neurol Disorders, Inst Blood & Brain Caen Normandie, UNICAEN,INSERM,U1237, Caen, France, [Landeau, B.] Normandie Univ, PhIND Physiopathol & Imaging Neurol Disorders, Inst Blood & Brain Caen Normandie, UNICAEN,INSERM,U1237, Caen, France, [Paly, L.] Normandie Univ, PhIND Physiopathol & Imaging Neurol Disorders, Inst Blood & Brain Caen Normandie, UNICAEN,INSERM,U1237, Caen, France, [Chong, Y. S.] Agcy Sci Technol & Res, Singapore Inst Clin Sci, Singapore, Singapore, [Chong, Y. S.] Natl Univ Singapore, Yong Loo Lin Sch Med, Dept Obstet & Gynaecol, Singapore, Singapore, [Cole, J. H.] UCL, Ctr Med Image Comp CMIC, London, England, [Cole, J. H.] UCL, Dementia Res Ctr DRC, London, England, [Corvin, A.] Trinity Coll Dublin, Dept Psychiat, Dublin, Ireland, [Costantino, M.] Douglas Mental Hlth Univ Inst, Cerebral Imaging Ctr, Verdun, PQ, Canada, [Costantino, M.] McGill Univ, Undergrad Program Neurosci, Montreal, PQ, Canada, [Courchesne, E.] Univ Calif San Diego, Dept Neurosci, San Diego, CA 92103 USA, [Courchesne, E.] Univ Calif San Diego, Autism Ctr Excellence, San Diego, CA 92103 USA, [Crivello, F.] Univ Bordeaux, Inst Neurodegenerat Disorders, CNRS UMR5293, CEA, Bordeaux, France, [Mazoyer, B.] Univ Bordeaux, Inst Neurodegenerat Disorders, CNRS UMR5293, CEA, Bordeaux, France, [Cropley, V. L.] Univ Melbourne, Melbourne Neuropsychiat Ctr, Melbourne, Vic, Australia, [Di Biase, M. A.] Univ Melbourne, Melbourne Neuropsychiat Ctr, Melbourne, Vic, Australia, [Lv, J.] Univ Melbourne, Melbourne Neuropsychiat Ctr, Melbourne, Vic, Australia, [Zalesky, A.] Univ Melbourne, Melbourne Neuropsychiat Ctr, Melbourne, Vic, Australia, [Hammill, C. F.] Hosp Sick Children, Toronto, ON, Canada, [Schachar, R. J.] Hosp Sick Children, Toronto, ON, Canada, [Crossley, N.] Pontificia Univ Catolica Chile, Sch Med, Dept Psychiat, Santiago, Chile, [Crossley, N.] Kings Coll London, Dept Psychosis Studies, Inst Psychiat Psychol & Neurosci, London, England, [McGuire, P.] Kings Coll London, Dept Psychosis Studies, Inst Psychiat Psychol & Neurosci, London, England, [Crossley, N.] Inst Milenio Intelligent Healthcare Engn, Santiago, Chile, [Delorme, R.] Robert Debre Univ Hosp, AP HP, Child & Adolescent Psychiat Dept, Paris, France, [Delorme, R.] Inst Pasteur, Human Genet & Cognit Funct, Paris, France, [Desrivieres, S.] Kings Coll London, Inst Psychiat Psychol & Neurosci, Social Genet & Dev Psychiat Ctr, London, England, [Devenyi, G. A.] Douglas Mental Hlth Univ Inst, McGill Dept Psychiat, Cerebral Imaging Ctr, Montreal, PQ, Canada, [Devenyi, G. A.] McGill Univ, Dept Psychiat, Montreal, PQ, Canada, [Di Biase, M. A.] Harvard Med Sch, Brigham & Womens Hosp, Dept Psychiat, Boston, MA 02115 USA, [Dolan, R.] UCL, Max Planck UCL Ctr Computat Psychiat & Ageing Res, London, England, [Dolan, R.] Wellcome Ctr Human Neuroimaging, London, England, [Wagstyl, K.] Wellcome Ctr Human Neuroimaging, London, England, [Donald, K. A.] Red Cross War Mem Childrens Hosp, Dept Paediat & Child Hlth, Div Dev Paediat, Cape Town, South Africa, [Donald, K. A.] Univ Cape Town, Neurosci Inst, Cape Town, South Africa, [Groenewold, N. A.] Univ Cape Town, Neurosci Inst, Cape Town, South Africa, [Donohoe, G.] Natl Univ Ireland Galway, Sch Psychol, Ctr Neuroimaging Cognit & Genom NICOG, Galway, Ireland, [Dunlop, K.] Weill Cornell Med, Dept Psychiat, Weil Family Brain & Mind Res Inst, New York, NY USA, [Lynch, C.] Weill Cornell Med, Dept Psychiat, Weil Family Brain & Mind Res Inst, New York, NY USA, [Edwards, A. D.] Kings Coll London, Ctr Dev Brain, London, England, [Edwards, A. D.] Evelina London Childrens Hosp, London, England, [Edwards, A. D.] MRC Ctr Neurodev Disorders, London, England, [Elison, J. T.] Univ Minnesota, Mason Inst Dev Brain, Dept Pediat, Inst Child Dev, Minneapolis, MN USA, [Fair, D. A.] Univ Minnesota, Mason Inst Dev Brain, Dept Pediat, Inst Child Dev, Minneapolis, MN USA, [Feczko, E.] Univ Minnesota, Mason Inst Dev Brain, Dept Pediat, Inst Child Dev, Minneapolis, MN USA, [Ellis, C. T.] Haskins Labs Inc, New Haven, CT USA, [Elman, J. A.] Univ Calif San Diego, Dept Psychiat, Ctr Behav Genet Aging, La Jolla, CA 92093 USA, [Franz, C. E.] Univ Calif San Diego, Dept Psychiat, Ctr Behav Genet Aging, La Jolla, CA 92093 USA, [Kremen, W. S.] Univ Calif San Diego, Dept Psychiat, Ctr Behav Genet Aging, La Jolla, CA 92093 USA, [Eyler, L.] VA San Diego Healthcare, Desert Pacific Mental Illness Res Educ & Clin Ctr, San Diego, CA USA, [Eyler, L.] Univ Calif San Diego, Dept Psychiat, Los Angeles, CA USA, [Fletcher, P. C.] Univ Cambridge, Dept Psychiat, Cambridge Biomed Campus, Cambridge, England, [Fletcher, P. C.] Wellcome Trust MRC Inst Metab Sci, Cambridge Biomed Campus, Cambridge, England, [Fletcher, P. C.] Cambridgeshire & Peterborough NHS Fdn Trust, Cambridge, England, [Jones, P. B.] Cambridgeshire & Peterborough NHS Fdn Trust, Cambridge, England, [Suckling, J.] Cambridgeshire & Peterborough NHS Fdn Trust, Cambridge, England, [Ziauddeen, H.] Cambridgeshire & Peterborough NHS Fdn Trust, Cambridge, England, [Fonagy, P.] UCL, Dept Clin Educ & Hlth Psychol, London, England, [Fonagy, P.] Anna Freud Natl Ctr Children & Families, London, England, [Galan-Garcia, L.] Cuban Ctr Neurosci, Havana, Cuba, [Valdes-Sosa, M. J.] Cuban Ctr Neurosci, Havana, Cuba, [Gholipour, A.] Boston Childrens Hosp, Computat Radiol Lab, Boston, MA USA, [Warfield, S. K.] Boston Childrens Hosp, Computat Radiol Lab, Boston, MA USA, [Giedd, J.] Univ Calif San Diego, Dept Child & Adolescent Psychiat, San Diego, CA 92103 USA, [Giedd, J.] Univ Calif San Diego, Dept Psychiat, San Diego, CA 92103 USA, [Gilmore, J. H.] Univ N Carolina, Dept Psychiat, Chapel Hill, NC 27515 USA, [Glahn, D. C.] Boston Childrens Hosp, Dept Psychiat, Boston, MA USA, [Im, K.] Boston Childrens Hosp, Dept Psychiat, Boston, MA USA, [Mathias, S. R.] Boston Childrens Hosp, Dept Psychiat, Boston, MA USA, [Rodrigue, A.] Boston Childrens Hosp, Dept Psychiat, Boston, MA USA, [Glahn, D. C.] Harvard Med Sch, Boston, MA 02115 USA, [Im, K.] Harvard Med Sch, Boston, MA 02115 USA, [Johnson, K. A.] Harvard Med Sch, Boston, MA 02115 USA, [Mathias, S. R.] Harvard Med Sch, Boston, MA 02115 USA, [Rodrigue, A.] Harvard Med Sch, Boston, MA 02115 USA, [Schultz, A. P.] Harvard Med Sch, Boston, MA 02115 USA, [Sperling, R. A.] Harvard Med Sch, Boston, MA 02115 USA, [Grant, P. E.] Harvard Med Sch, Fetal Neonatal Neuroimaging & Dev Sci Ctr, Boston Childrens Hosp, Div Newborn Med & Neuroradiol, Boston, MA 02115 USA, [Groenewold, N. A.] Univ Cape Town, SA MRC Unit Child & Adolescent Hlth, Red Cross War Mem Childrens Hosp, Dept Paediat & Child Hlth, Cape Town, South Africa, [Zar, H. J.] Univ Cape Town, SA MRC Unit Child & Adolescent Hlth, Red Cross War Mem Childrens Hosp, Dept Paediat & Child Hlth, Cape Town, South Africa, [Gunning, F. M.] Weill Cornell Med, Dept Psychiat, Weill Cornell Inst Geriatr Psychiat, New York, NY USA, [Victoria, L. W.] Weill Cornell Med, Dept Psychiat, Weill Cornell Inst Geriatr Psychiat, New York, NY USA, [Hammill, C. F.] Mouse Imaging Ctr, Toronto, ON, Canada, [Hansson, O.] Lund Univ, Dept Clin Sci Malmo, Clin Memory Res Unit, Malmo, Sweden, [Hansson, O.] Skane Univ Hosp, Memory Clin, Malmo, Sweden, [Hedden, T.] Icahn Sch Med Mt Sinai, Dept Neurol, New York, NY 10029 USA, [Hedden, T.] Harvard Med Sch, Massachusetts Gen Hosp, Dept Radiol, Athinoula Martinos Ctr Biomed Imaging, Boston, MA 02115 USA, [Heinz, A.] Charite Univ Med Berlin, Charite Campus Mitte, Berlin, Germany, [Heinz, A.] Free Univ Berlin, Charite Campus Mitte, Berlin, Germany, [Heinz, A.] Humboldt Univ, Dept Psychiat & Psychotherapy, Charite Campus Mitte, Berlin, Germany, [Heuer, K.] Max Planck Inst Human Cognit & Brain Sci, Dept Neuropsychol, Leipzig, Germany, [Heuer, K.] Univ Paris, Paris, France, [Toro, R.] Univ Paris, Paris, France, [Hoare, J.] Univ Cape Town, Dept Psychiat, Cape Town, South Africa, [Holla, B.] NIMHANS, Dept Integrat Med, Bengaluru, India, [Holla, B.] NIMHANS, Dept Psychiat, Accelerator Program Discovery Brain Disorders Usi, Bengaluru, India, [Holmes, A. J.] Yale Univ, Dept Psychol, New Haven, CT USA, [Villeneuve, S.] Yale Univ, Dept Psychol, New Haven, CT USA, [Holmes, A. J.] Yale Univ, Dept Psychiat, New Haven, CT 06520 USA, [Villeneuve, S.] Yale Univ, Dept Psychiat, New Haven, CT 06520 USA, [Huang, H.] Childrens Hosp Philadelphia, Radiol Res, Philadelphia, PA 19104 USA, [Ouyang, M.] Childrens Hosp Philadelphia, Radiol Res, Philadelphia, PA 19104 USA, [Huang, H.] Univ Penn, Dept Radiol, Perelman Sch Med, Philadelphia, PA 19104 USA, [Ipser, J.] Univ Cape Town, Dept Psychiat & Mental Hlth, Clin Neurosci Inst, Cape Town, South Africa, [Jack, C. R., Jr.] Mayo Clin, Dept Radiol, Rochester, MN USA, [Jones, D. T.] Mayo Clin, Dept Radiol, Rochester, MN USA, Univ Fed Sao Paulo, Dept Psychiat, Sao Paulo, Brazil, [Jackowski, A. P.] Natl Inst Dev Psychiat, Beijing, Peoples R China, [Jia, T.] Fudan Univ, Inst Sci & Technol Brain Inspired Intelligence, Shanghai, Peoples R China, [Jia, T.] Fudan Univ, Minist Educ, Key Lab Computat Neurosci & Brain Inspired Intell, Shanghai, Peoples R China, [Jia, T.] Kings Coll London, Inst Psychiat Psychol & Neurosci, Ctr Populat Neurosci & Precis Med PONS, SGDP Ctr, London, England, [Johnson, K. A.] Massachusetts Gen Hosp, Dept Neurol, Harvard Aging Brain Study, Boston, MA 02114 USA, [Schultz, A. P.] Massachusetts Gen Hosp, Dept Neurol, Harvard Aging Brain Study, Boston, MA 02114 USA, [Sperling, R. A.] Massachusetts Gen Hosp, Dept Neurol, Harvard Aging Brain Study, Boston, MA 02114 USA, [Johnson, K. A.] Brigham & Womens Hosp, Dept Neurol, Ctr Alzheimer Res & Treatment, 75 Francis St, Boston, MA 02115 USA, [Sperling, R. A.] Brigham & Womens Hosp, Dept Neurol, Ctr Alzheimer Res & Treatment, 75 Francis St, Boston, MA 02115 USA, [Johnson, K. A.] Massachusetts Gen Hosp, Dept Radiol, Boston, MA USA, [Jones, D. T.] Mayo Clin, Dept Neurol, Rochester, MN USA, [3R-BRAIN] Mayo Clin, Dept Neurol, Rochester, MN USA, [Kahn, R. S.] Icahn Sch Med Mt Sinai, Dept Psychiat, New York, NY 10029 USA, [Karlsson, H.] Univ Turku, Dept Psychiat, Dept Clin Med, Turku, Finland, [Karlsson, L.] Univ Turku, Dept Psychiat, Dept Clin Med, Turku, Finland, [Tuulari, J. J.] Univ Turku, Dept Psychiat, Dept Clin Med, Turku, Finland, [Karlsson, H.] Univ Turku, FinnBrain Birth Cohort Study, Turku Brain & Mind Ctr, Turku, Finland, [Karlsson, L.] Univ Turku, FinnBrain Birth Cohort Study, Turku Brain & Mind Ctr, Turku, Finland, [Tuulari, J. J.] Univ Turku, FinnBrain Birth Cohort Study, Turku Brain & Mind Ctr, Turku, Finland, [Karlsson, H.] Turku Univ Hosp, Turku, Finland, [Karlsson, L.] Turku Univ Hosp, Turku, Finland, [Tuulari, J. J.] Turku Univ Hosp, Turku, Finland, [Karlsson, H.] Turku Univ Hosp, Ctr Populat Hlth Res, Turku, Finland, [Karlsson, L.] Turku Univ Hosp, Ctr Populat Hlth Res, Turku, Finland, [Karlsson, H.] Univ Turku, Turku, Finland, [Karlsson, L.] Univ Turku, Turku, Finland, [Kawashima, R.] Tohoku Univ, Inst Dev Aging & Canc, Aoba Ku, Sendai, Miyagi, Japan, [Taki, Y.] Tohoku Univ, Inst Dev Aging & Canc, Aoba Ku, Sendai, Miyagi, Japan, [Thyreau, B.] Tohoku Univ, Inst Dev Aging & Canc, Aoba Ku, Sendai, Miyagi, Japan, [Kelley, E. A.] Queens Univ, Ctr Neurosci Studies, Dept Psychol, Kingston, ON, Canada, [Kelley, E. A.] Queens Univ, Ctr Neurosci Studies, Dept Psychiat, Kingston, ON, Canada, [Kern, S.] Univ Gothenburg, Neuropsychiat Epidemiol Unit, Dept Psychiat & Neurochem,Sahlgrenska Acad, Ctr Ageing & Hlth AGECAP,Inst Neurosci & Physiol, Gothenburg, Sweden, [Skoog, I.] Univ Gothenburg, Neuropsychiat Epidemiol Unit, Dept Psychiat & Neurochem,Sahlgrenska Acad, Ctr Ageing & Hlth AGECAP,Inst Neurosci & Physiol, Gothenburg, Sweden, [Zettergren, A.] Univ Gothenburg, Neuropsychiat Epidemiol Unit, Dept Psychiat & Neurochem,Sahlgrenska Acad, Ctr Ageing & Hlth AGECAP,Inst Neurosci & Physiol, Gothenburg, Sweden, [Kern, S.] Sahlgrens Univ Hosp, Psychiat Cognit & Old Age Psychiat Clin, Reg Vastra Gotaland, Gothenburg, Sweden, [Skoog, I.] Sahlgrens Univ Hosp, Psychiat Cognit & Old Age Psychiat Clin, Reg Vastra Gotaland, Gothenburg, Sweden, [Kim, K. W.] Seoul Natl Univ, Dept Brain & Cognit Sci, Coll Nat Sci, Seoul, South Korea, [Kim, K. W.] Seoul Natl Univ, Bundang Hosp, Dept Neuropsychiat, Seongnam, South Korea, [Kim, K. W.] Seoul Natl Univ, Dept Psychiat, Coll Med, Seoul, South Korea, [Kim, K. W.] SNU MRC, Inst Human Behav Med, Seoul, South Korea, [Lalonde, F.] NIMH, Sect Dev Neurogenom, Human Genet Branch, Bethesda, MD 20892 USA, [Raznahan, A.] NIMH, Sect Dev Neurogenom, Human Genet Branch, Bethesda, MD 20892 USA, [Lee, S.] Seoul Natl Univ, Coll Nat Sci, Dept Brain & Cognit Sci, Seoul, South Korea, [Lerch, J.] Univ Toronto, Dept Med Biophys, Toronto, ON, Canada, [Lerch, J.] Univ Oxford, Nuffield Dept Clin Neurosci, FMRIB, Wellcome Ctr Integrat Neuroimaging, Oxford, England, [Lewis, J. D.] McGill Univ, Montreal Neurol Inst, Montreal, PQ, Canada, [Li, J.] Univ Elect Sci & Technol China, Clin Hosp, Chengdu Brain Sci Inst, Chengdu, Peoples R China, [Liao, W.] Univ Elect Sci & Technol China, Clin Hosp, Chengdu Brain Sci Inst, Chengdu, Peoples R China, [Valdes-Sosa, P. A.] Univ Elect Sci & Technol China, Clin Hosp, Chengdu Brain Sci Inst, Chengdu, Peoples R China, [Liston, C.] Weill Cornell Med, Dept Psychiat, New York, NY USA, [Liston, C.] Weill Cornell Med, Brain & Mind Res Inst, New York, NY USA, [Lombardo, M. V.] Ist Italiano Tecnol, Ctr Neurosci & Cognit Syst UniTn, Lab Autism & Neurodev Disorders, Rovereto, Italy, [Lv, J.] Univ Sydney, Sch Biomed Engn, Sydney, NSW, Australia, [Lv, J.] Univ Sydney, Brain & Mind Ctr, Sydney, NSW, Australia, [Mallard, T. T.] Univ Texas Austin, Dept Psychol, Austin, TX 78712 USA, [Marcelis, M.] Maastricht Univ, Sch Mental Hlth & Neurosci, Dept Psychiat & Neuropsychol, EURON,Med Ctr, Maastricht, Netherlands, [Marcelis, M.] Inst Mental Hlth Care Eindhoven GGzE, Eindhoven, Netherlands, [Markello, R. D.] McGill Univ, Montreal Neurol Inst, McConnell Brain Imaging Ctr, Montreal, PQ, Canada, [Misic, B.] McGill Univ, Montreal Neurol Inst, McConnell Brain Imaging Ctr, Montreal, PQ, Canada, [Vasung, L.] McGill Univ, Montreal Neurol Inst, McConnell Brain Imaging Ctr, Montreal, PQ, Canada, [Mazoyer, B.] Douglas Mental Hlth Univ Inst, Ludmer Ctr Neuroinformat & Mental Hlth, Montreal, PQ, Canada, [Meaney, M. J.] Douglas Mental Hlth Univ Inst, Ludmer Ctr Neuroinformat & Mental Hlth, Montreal, PQ, Canada, [Meaney, M. J.] Singapore Inst Clin Sci, Singapore, Singapore, [Mechelli, A.] Bordeaux Univ Hosp, Bordeaux, France, [Morgan, S. E.] Univ Cambridge, Dept Comp Sci & Technol, Cambridge, England, [Morgan, S. E.] Alan Turing Inst, London, England, [Vertes, P. E.] Alan Turing Inst, London, England, [Mothersill, D.] Natl Coll Ireland, Sch Business, Dept Psychol, Dublin, Ireland, [Mothersill, D.] Natl Univ Ireland Galway, Sch Psychol, Galway, Ireland, [Mothersill, D.] Natl Univ Ireland Galway, Ctr Neuroimaging & Cognit Genom, Galway, Ireland, [Mothersill, D.] Trinity Coll Dublin, Dept Psychiat, Dublin, Ireland, [Nigg, J.] Oregon Hlth & Sci Univ, Dept Psychiat, Sch Med, Portland, OR 97201 USA, [Ong, M. Q. W.] Natl Univ Singapore, Yong Loo Lin Sch Med, Ctr Sleep & Cognit, Singapore, Singapore, [Qian, X.] Natl Univ Singapore, Yong Loo Lin Sch Med, Ctr Sleep & Cognit, Singapore, Singapore, [Zhou, J. H.] Natl Univ Singapore, Yong Loo Lin Sch Med, Ctr Sleep & Cognit, Singapore, Singapore, [Ortinau, C.] Washington Univ, Dept Pediat, St Louis, MO 63130 USA, [Ossenkoppele, R.] Vrije Univ Amsterdam, Alzheimer Ctr Amsterdam, Amsterdam UMC, Dept Neurol,Amsterdam Neurosci, Amsterdam, Netherlands, [Ossenkoppele, R.] Lund Univ, Clin Memory Res Unit, Lund, Sweden, [Palaniyappan, L.] Univ Western Ontario, Robarts Res Inst, London, ON, Canada, [Palaniyappan, L.] Univ Western Ontario, Brain & Mind Inst, London, ON, Canada, [Pan, P. M.] Fed Univ Sao Poalo UNIFESP, Dept Psychiat, Sao Poalo, Brazil, [Pan, P. M.] Natl Inst Dev Psychiat Children & Adolescents INP, Sao Poalo, Brazil, [Zugman, A.] Natl Inst Dev Psychiat Children & Adolescents INP, Sao Poalo, Brazil, [Pantelis, C.] Univ Melbourne, Dept Psychiat, Melbourne Neuropsychiat Ctr, Carlton, Vic, Australia, [Pantelis, C.] Melbourne Hlth, Carlton, Vic, Australia, [Pantelis, C.] Univ Melbourne, Melbourne Sch Engn, Parkville, Vic, Australia, [Pantelis, C.] Florey Inst Neurosci & Mental Hlth, Parkville, Vic, Australia, [Park, M. M.] Western Univ, Schulich Sch Med & Dent, Dept Psychiat, London, ON, Canada, [Rollins, C. K.] Univ Montreal, Dept Psychiat, Fac Med, Montreal, PQ, Canada, [Rollins, C. K.] Univ Montreal, CHU St Justine, Montreal, PQ, Canada, [Romero-Garcia, R.] Univ Toronto, Dept Psychiat, Toronto, ON, Canada, [Romero-Garcia, R.] Univ Toronto, Dept Psychol, Toronto, ON, Canada, [Rosenberg, M. D.] Univ Toronto, Dept Physiol, Toronto, ON, Canada, [Rosenberg, M. D.] Univ Toronto, Dept Nutr Sci, Toronto, ON, Canada, [Paz-Linares, D.] Cuban Neurosci Ctr, Havana, Cuba, [Pichet Binette, A.] McGill Univ, Fac Med, Dept Psychiat, Montreal, PQ, Canada, [Villeneuve, S.] McGill Univ, Fac Med, Dept Psychiat, Montreal, PQ, Canada, [Pichet Binette, A.] Douglas Mental Hlth Univ Inst, Montreal, PQ, Canada, [Villeneuve, S.] Douglas Mental Hlth Univ Inst, Montreal, PQ, Canada, [Qiu, J.] Southwest Univ, Sch Psychol, Chongqing, Peoples R China, [Qiu, A.] Natl Univ Singapore, N1 Inst Hlth, Dept Biomed Engn, Singapore, Singapore, [Rittman, T.] Univ Cambridge, Dept Clin Neurosci, Cambridge, England, [Tsvetanov, K. A.] Univ Cambridge, Dept Clin Neurosci, Cambridge, England, [Rollins, C. K.] Harvard Med Sch, Dept Neurol, Boston, MA 02115 USA, [Rollins, C. K.] Boston Childrens Hosp, Dept Neurol, Boston, MA USA, [Romero-Garcia, R.] Univ Seville, Dpto Fisiol Med & Biofis, Inst Biomed Sevilla IBiS HUVR CSIC, Seville, Spain, [Rosenberg, M. D.] Univ Chicago, Dept Psychol, 5848 S Univ Ave, Chicago, IL 60637 USA, [Rosenberg, M. D.] Univ Chicago, Inst Neurosci, Chicago, IL USA, [Rowitch, D. H.] Univ Cambridge, Dept Paediat, Cambridge, England, [Rowitch, D. H.] Univ Cambridge, Wellcome MRC Cambridge Stem Cell Inst, Cambridge, England, [Salum, G. A.] Univ Fed Rio Grande Sul UFRGS, Hosp Clin Porto Alegre, Dept Psychiat, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil, [Salum, G. A.] Natl Inst Dev Psychiat INPD, Sao Paulo, Brazil, [Schaare, H. L.] Max Planck Inst Human Cognit & Brain Sci, Otto Hahn Grp Cognit Neurogenet, Leipzig, Germany, [Schaare, H. L.] Res Ctr Juelich, Inst Neurosci & Med INM 7 Brain & Behav, Julich, Germany, [Schultz, A. P.] Massachusetts Gen Hosp, Dept Radiol, Athinoula Martinos Ctr Biomed Imaging, Charlestown, MA USA, [Schumann, G.] Fudan Univ, Inst Sci & Technol Brain Inspired Intelligence, Ctr Populat Neurosci & Stratified Med PONS, Shanghai, Peoples R China, [Schumann, G.] Charite Campus Mitte, Dept Psychiat & Psychotherapy, Charite Mental Hlth, PONS Ctr, Berlin, Germany, [Scholl, M.] Univ Gothenburg, Wallenberg Ctr Mol & Translat Med, Gothenburg, Sweden, [Scholl, M.] Univ Gothenburg, Dept Psychiat & Neurochem, Gothenburg, Sweden, [Scholl, M.] UCL, Queens Sq Inst Neurol, Dementia Res Ctr, London, England, [Sharp, D.] UK Dementia Res Inst, Care Res & Technol Ctr, London, England, [Shinohara, R. T.] Univ Penn, Perelman Sch Med, Dept Radiol, Ctr Biomed Image Comp & Analyt, Philadelphia, PA 19104 USA, [Smyser, C. D.] Washington Univ, Sch Med, Dept Neurol, St Louis, MO 63110 USA, [Smyser, C. D.] Washington Univ, Sch Med, Dept Pediat, St Louis, MO 63110 USA, [Smyser, C. D.] Washington Univ, Sch Med, Dept Radiol, St Louis, MO 63110 USA, [Stein, D. J.] Univ Cape Town, Dept Psychiat, SA MRC Unit Risk & Resilience Mental Disorders, Cape Town, South Africa, [Stein, D. J.] Univ Cape Town, Neurosci Inst, Cape Town, South Africa, [Stolicyn, A.] Univ Edinburgh, Ctr Clin Brain Sci, Div Psychiat, Edinburgh, Midlothian, Scotland, [Whalley, H. C.] Univ Edinburgh, Ctr Clin Brain Sci, Div Psychiat, Edinburgh, Midlothian, Scotland, [Toro, R.] Inst Pasteur, Dept Neurosci, Paris, France, [Traut, N.] Inst Pasteur, Dept Neurosci, Paris, France, [Traut, N.] Univ Paris 05, Ctr Res & Interdisciplinar CRI, Paris, France, [Tsvetanov, K. A.] Univ Cambridge, Dept Psychol, Cambridge, England, [Turk-Browne, N. B.] Yale Univ, Wu Tsai Inst, New Haven, CT USA, [Tuulari, J. J.] Univ Turku, Dept Clin Med, Turku, Finland, [Tuulari, J. J.] Univ Turku, Turku Coll Sci Med & Technol, Turku, Finland, [Tzourio, C.] Univ Bordeaux, Bordeaux Populat Hlth Res Ctr, CHU Bordeaux, U1219,INSERM, Bordeaux, France, [Vachon-Presseau, E.] McGill Univ, Fac Dent Med & Oral Hlth Sci, Montreal, PQ, Canada, [Valdes-Sosa, P. A.] McGill Univ, Alan Edwards Ctr Res Pain AECRP, Montreal, PQ, Canada, [Valk, S. L.] Forschungszentrum Julich, Inst Neurosci & Med 7, Julich, Germany, [Valk, S. L.] Max Planck Inst Human Cognit & Brain Sci, Leipzig, Germany, [van Amelsvoort, T.] Maastricht Univ, Dept Psychiat & Neurosychol, Maastricht, Netherlands, [Vandekar, S. N.] Vanderbilt Univ, Dept Biostat, 221 Kirkland Hall, Nashville, TN 37235 USA, [Villeneuve, S.] Vanderbilt Univ, Med Ctr, Dept Biostat, Nashville, TN USA, [Villringer, A.] Univ Leipzig, Clin Cognit Neurol, Med Ctr, Leipzig, Germany, [Witte, A. V.] Univ Leipzig, Clin Cognit Neurol, Med Ctr, Leipzig, Germany, [Zuo, X. N.] Univ Leipzig, Clin Cognit Neurol, Med Ctr, Leipzig, Germany, [Wang, Y. S.] Beijing Normal Univ, State Key Lab Cognit Neurosci & Learning, Beijing, Peoples R China, [Yang, N.] Beijing Normal Univ, State Key Lab Cognit Neurosci & Learning, Beijing, Peoples R China, [Yeo, B.] Beijing Normal Univ, State Key Lab Cognit Neurosci & Learning, Beijing, Peoples R China, [Zuo, X. N.] Beijing Normal Univ, State Key Lab Cognit Neurosci & Learning, Beijing, Peoples R China, [Wang, Y. S.] Beijing Normal Univ, IDG McGovern Inst Brain Res, Dev Populat Neuroscience Res Ctr, Beijing, Peoples R China, [Yang, N.] Beijing Normal Univ, IDG McGovern Inst Brain Res, Dev Populat Neuroscience Res Ctr, Beijing, Peoples R China, [Zuo, X. N.] Beijing Normal Univ, IDG McGovern Inst Brain Res, Dev Populat Neuroscience Res Ctr, Beijing, Peoples R China, [Wang, Y. S.] Natl Basic Sci Data Ctr, Beijing, Peoples R China, [Yang, N.] Natl Basic Sci Data Ctr, Beijing, Peoples R China, [Zuo, X. N.] Natl Basic Sci Data Ctr, Beijing, Peoples R China, [Wang, Y. S.] Chinese Acad Sci, Res Ctr Lifespan Dev Brain & Mind, Inst Psychol, Beijing, Peoples R China, [Yang, N.] Chinese Acad Sci, Res Ctr Lifespan Dev Brain & Mind, Inst Psychol, Beijing, Peoples R China, [Westman, E.] Karolinska Inst, Ctr Alzheimer Res, Dept Neurobiol Care Sci & Soc, Div Clin Geriatr, Stockholm, Sweden, [Witte, A. V.] Univ Leipzig, CRC 1052 Obes Mech, Fac Med, Leipzig, Germany, [Zhou, J. H.] Natl Univ Singapore, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, Singapore, Singapore, [Yeo, B.] Natl Univ Singapore, Yong Loo Lin Sch Med, Ctr Sleep & Cognit, Singapore, Singapore, [Yeo, B.] Natl Univ Singapore, Yong Loo Lin Sch Med, Ctr Translat MR Res, Singapore, Singapore, [Yeo, B.] Natl Univ Singapore, N1 Inst Hlth, Singapore, Singapore, [Yeo, B.] Natl Univ Singapore, Inst Digital Med, Singapore, Singapore, [Yun, H.] Natl Univ Singapore, Integrat Sci & Engn Programme ISEP, Singapore, Singapore, [Zar, H. J.] Univ Melbourne, Dept Biomed Engn, Melbourne, Vic, Australia, [Zhou, J. H.] Natl Univ Singapore, Yong Loo Lin Sch Med, Ctr Translat Magnet Resonance Res, Singapore, Singapore, [Ziauddeen, H.] Univ Cambridge, Wellcome Trust MRC Inst Metab Sci, Cambridge, England, [Zugman, A.] NIMH, NIH, Bethesda, MD 20892 USA, [Zugman, A.] Escola Paulista Med, Dept Psychiat, Sao Paulo, Brazil, [Zuo, X. N.] Nanning Normal Univ, Sch Educ Sci, Key Lab Brain & Educ, Nanning, Peoples R China, British Academy Postdoctoral fellowship, NIMH, UKRI Medical Research Council, NIHR Cambridge Biomedical Research Centre, NIHR Senior Investigator award, MRC research infrastructure award, Commonwealth Scientific and Industrial Research Organisation (CSIRO), and Ontario Brain Institute

Subjects
631/378/2649, OpenPain Project, KNE96, Growth, Psychiatric-disorders, DISEASE, 3R-BRAIN, Brain charts, MRI Brain, OASIS-3, Disease, CCNP, 631/378/2571, UMN BCP, Multidisciplinary, medicine.diagnostic_test, PSYCHIATRIC-DISORDERS, article, Brain, Human brain, ASSOCIATION, Magnetic Resonance Imaging, Harvard Aging Brain Study, The Mayo Clinic Study of Aging, NSPN, medicine.anatomical_structure, GROWTH, [SDV.NEU]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Neurons and Cognition [q-bio.NC], ddc:500, BURDEN, WHITE-MATTER, FinnBrain, Harvard Aging Brain Study, Organization, Mri, MRI, medicine.medical_specialty, Concurrent validity, MODELS, Cam-CAN, Longevity, CALM Team, POND, Neuroimaging, Burden, ORGANIZATION, AIBL, The PREVENT-AD Research Group, VETSA, Cortical thickness, Association, Physical medicine and rehabilitation, FinnBrain, IMAGEN, KNE96, White-matter, medicine, Humans, ASRB, 631/378/1689, COBRE, business.industry, 631/378/2611, Brain morphometry, Neurosciences, Alzheimer’s Disease Repository Without Borders Investigators, Magnetic resonance imaging, Alzheimer’s Disease Neuroimaging Initiative, Anthropometry, Body Height, Brain growth, Birth, 59/57, Normative, IMAGEN, ENIGMA Developmental Brain Age working group, NSPN, business, CCNP, 3R-BRAIN, CORTICAL THICKNESS, Developing Human Connectome Project, ENIGMA Developmental Brain Age working group, The PREVENT-AD Research Group, VETSA, Bullmore, E.T
Abstract

Over the past few decades, neuroimaging has become a ubiquitous tool in basic research and clinical studies of the human brain. However, no reference standards currently exist to quantify individual differences in neuroimaging metrics over time, in contrast to growth charts for anthropometric traits such as height and weight1. Here we assemble an interactive open resource to benchmark brain morphology derived from any current or future sample of MRI data ( http://www.brainchart.io/ ). With the goal of basing these reference charts on the largest and most inclusive dataset available, acknowledging limitations due to known biases of MRI studies relative to the diversity of the global population, we aggregated 123,984 MRI scans, across more than 100 primary studies, from 101,457 human participants between 115 days post-conception to 100 years of age. MRI metrics were quantified by centile scores, relative to non-linear trajectories2 of brain structural changes, and rates of change, over the lifespan. Brain charts identified previously unreported neurodevelopmental milestones3, showed high stability of individuals across longitudinal assessments, and demonstrated robustness to technical and methodological differences between primary studies. Centile scores showed increased heritability compared with non-centiled MRI phenotypes, and provided a standardized measure of atypical brain structure that revealed patterns of neuroanatomical variation across neurological and psychiatric disorders. In summary, brain charts are an essential step towards robust quantification of individual variation benchmarked to normative trajectories in multiple, commonly used neuroimaging phenotypes., R.A.I.B. was supported by a British Academy Postdoctoral fellowship and by the Autism Research Trust. J. Seidlitz was supported by NIMH T32MH019112-29 and K08MH120564. S.R.W. was funded by UKRI Medical Research Council MC_UU_00002/2 and was supported by the NIHR Cambridge Biomedical Research Centre (BRC-1215-20014). E.T.B. was supported by an NIHR Senior Investigator award and the Wellcome Trust collaborative award for the Neuroscience in Psychiatry Network. A.F.A.-B. was supported by NIMH K08MH120564. Data were curated and analysed using a computational facility funded by an MRC research infrastructure award (MR/M009041/1) to the School of Clinical Medicine, University of Cambridge and supported by the mental health theme of the NIHR Cambridge Biomedical Research Centre.

Published
2022

28. Structural brain abnormalities in schizophrenia in adverse environments: examining the effect of poverty and violence in six Latin American cities

Author

Ary Gadelha, Luz Maria Alliende, Salvador M. Guinjoan, Pablo León-Ortiz, Juan P. Ramirez-Mahaluf, Ramiro Reckziegel, Alfonso Gonzalez-Valderrama, Juan Undurraga, Carlos López-Jaramillo, Tomás Ossandón, Carmen Paz Castañeda, Cristiano Noto, Andrea Parolin Jackowski, Camilo de la Fuente-Sandoval, Julian A Pineda-Zapata, Mariana N. Castro, Ana M. Díaz-Zuluaga, Letícia Sanguinetti Czepielewski, Nicolas Crossley, André Zugman, Clarissa Severino Gama, Francisco Reyes-Madrigal, Rodrigo A. Bressan, Barbara Iruretagoyena, and Ruben Nachar

Subjects
Psychosis, Hippocampus, Violence, Grey matter, Affect (psychology), 03 medical and health sciences, 0302 clinical medicine, medicine, Humans, Cities, Gray Matter, Prefrontal cortex, Poverty, Neighbourhood (mathematics), business.industry, Brain, medicine.disease, Magnetic Resonance Imaging, 030227 psychiatry, Psychiatry and Mental health, Latin America, medicine.anatomical_structure, Schizophrenia, business, 030217 neurology & neurosurgery, Demography
Abstract

SummaryBackgroundSocial and environmental factors such as poverty or violence modulate the risk and course of schizophrenia. However, how they affect the brain in patients with psychosis remains unclear.AimsWe studied how environmental factors are related to brain structure in patients with schizophrenia and controls in Latin America, where these factors are large and unequally distributed.MethodThis is a multicentre study of magnetic resonance imaging in patients with schizophrenia and controls from six Latin American cities. Total and voxel-level grey matter volumes, and their relationship with neighbourhood characteristics such as average income and homicide rates, were analysed with a general linear model.ResultsA total of 334 patients with schizophrenia and 262 controls were included. Income was differentially related to total grey matter volume in both groups (P = 0.006). Controls showed a positive correlation between total grey matter volume and income (R = 0.14, P = 0.02). Surprisingly, this relationship was not present in patients with schizophrenia (R = −0.076, P = 0.17). Voxel-level analysis confirmed that this interaction was widespread across the cortex. After adjusting for global brain changes, income was positively related to prefrontal cortex volumes only in controls. Conversely, the hippocampus in patients with schizophrenia, but not in controls, was relatively larger in affluent environments. There was no significant correlation between environmental violence and brain structure.ConclusionsOur results highlight the interplay between environment, particularly poverty, and individual characteristics in psychosis. This is particularly important for harsh environments such as low- and middle-income countries, where potentially less brain vulnerability (less grey matter loss) is sufficient to become unwell in adverse (poor) environments.

Published
2020

29. Predictors of gaming disorder in children and adolescents: a school-based study

Author

Lais Fonseca, Rodrigo A. Bressan, Giovanni Abrahão Salum, Luis Augusto Rohde, Felipe Almeida Picon, Beatriz B M Bambini, Andrea Parolin Jackowski, Pedro Mario Pan, Ary Gadelha, Euripedes Constantino Miguel, Gabriela Tonsig, and Felipe de M. Ferreira

Subjects
game genres, Psychiatry, Gaming disorder, Addiction, media_common.quotation_subject, Behavior change, RC435-571, online games, Logistic regression, 030227 psychiatry, mental disorders, Age and gender, 03 medical and health sciences, Psychiatry and Mental health, 0302 clinical medicine, predictors, Scale (social sciences), Cohort, School based, Psychology, human activities, 030217 neurology & neurosurgery, media_common, Clinical psychology, gaming session
Abstract

Objective To determine whether psychiatric and gaming pattern variables are associated with gaming disorder in a school-based sample. Methods We analyzed data from the Brazilian High-Risk Cohort for Psychiatric Disorders, a community sample aged 10 to 18, using questionnaires on gaming use patterns. We applied the Gaming Addiction Scale to diagnose gaming disorder and the Development and Well-Being Behavior Assessment for other diagnoses. Results Out of 407 subjects, 83 (20.4%) fulfilled the criteria for gaming disorder. More role-playing game players were diagnosed with gaming disorder that any other genre. Gaming disorder rates increased proportionally to the number of genres played. Playing online, being diagnosed with a mental disorder, and more hours of non-stop gaming were associated with higher rates of gaming disorder. When all variables (including age and gender) were considered in a logistic regression model, the number of genres played, the number of non-stop hours, the proportion of online games, and having a diagnosed mental disorder emerged as significant predictors of gaming disorder. Conclusion Each variable seems to add further risk of gaming disorder among children and adolescents. Monitoring the length of gaming sessions, the number and type of genres played, time spent gaming online, and behavior changes may help parents or guardians identify unhealthy patterns of gaming behavior.

Published
2020

30. Efficacy and safety of ketamine for the treatment of depressive symptoms in palliative care: A systematic review

Author

Matheus Ghossain, Barbosa, Gabriela Takayanagi, Garcia, Luciana Maria, Sarin, and Andrea Parolin, Jackowski

Subjects
Psychiatry and Mental health
Abstract

Ketamine has a fast-onset that may offer a paradigm change for depression at end-of-life. We aimed to synthesize evidence regarding the safety and/or efficacy of ketamine in depression treatment within a broad palliative care concept.We searched seven databases and included studies on the safety and efficacy of ketamine for depression treatment in patients diagnosed with any life-threatening disease; further, we conducted a narrative review of the evidence.Among 2,252 screened titles and abstracts, we included 32 studies in our final synthesis. Specifically, we included 14 case reports, 2 case series, 2 quasi-experimental studies, and 7 randomized clinical trials, as well as data from three unpublished clinical trials and seven cases from four larger case series. Most case reports reported a robust effect; however, the larger studies reported conflicting findings. Five randomized clinical trials reported positive outcomes; however, four of them were focused on a perioperative setting. Further, two negative studies did not primarily focus on depression and did not apply severity cutoffs.Although ketamine is generally safe and potentially useful, its efficacy in palliative care settings remains unclear. It may be a reasonable alternative for perioperative depression in oncological patients.

Published
2022

31. Are serum brain-derived neurotrophic factor concentrations related to brain structure and psychopathology in late childhood and early adolescence?

Author

Rodrigo A. Bressan, Pedro Mario Pan, André Zugman, Renata Pellegrino, Rodrigo Grassi-Oliveira, Hakon Hakonarson, João Ricardo Sato, Luis Augusto Rohde, Ary Gadelha, Marcelo Q. Hoexter, Andrea Parolin Jackowski, Leticia Maria Spindola, Giovanni Abrahão Salum, Felipe Almeida Picon, Elisa Brietzke, Sintia Iole Belangero, Euripedes Constantino Miguel, Walter Swardfager, Vanessa Kiyomi Ota, Rodrigo B. Mansur, Hugo Cogo-Moreira, and Célia Maria de Araújo

Subjects
Male, medicine.medical_specialty, Saliva, Adolescent, Genotype, Early adolescence, Polymorphism, Single Nucleotide, 03 medical and health sciences, 0302 clinical medicine, Neurotrophic factors, Internal medicine, medicine, Humans, Child, Brain-derived neurotrophic factor, business.industry, Brain-Derived Neurotrophic Factor, Mental Disorders, Brain, Late childhood, Magnetic Resonance Imaging, 030227 psychiatry, Psychiatry and Mental health, Endocrinology, Cohort, Female, Neurology (clinical), business, Biomarkers, 030217 neurology & neurosurgery, Psychopathology
Abstract

ObjectiveMental disorders can have a major impact on brain development. Peripheral blood concentrations of brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) are lower in adult psychiatric disorders. Serum BDNF concentrations and BDNF genotype have been associated with cortical maturation in children and adolescents. In 2 large independent samples, this study tests associations between serum BDNF concentrations, brain structure, and psychopathology, and the effects of BDNF genotype on BDNF serum concentrations in late childhood and early adolescence.MethodsChildren and adolescents (7-14 years old) from 2 cities (n = 267 in Porto Alegre; n = 273 in São Paulo) were evaluated as part of the Brazilian high-risk cohort (HRC) study. Serum BDNF concentrations were quantified by sandwich ELISA. Genotyping was conducted from blood or saliva samples using the SNParray Infinium HumanCore Array BeadChip. Subcortical volumes and cortical thickness were quantified using FreeSurfer. The Development and Well-Being Behavior Assessment was used to identify the presence of a psychiatric disorder.ResultsSerum BDNF concentrations were not associated with subcortical volumes or with cortical thickness. Serum BDNF concentration did not differ between participants with and without mental disorders, or between Val homozygotes and Met carriers.ConclusionsNo evidence was found to support serum BDNF concentrations as a useful marker of developmental differences in brain and behavior in early life. Negative findings were replicated in 2 of the largest independent samples investigated to date.

Published
2019

32. Intra-session test-retest reliability of functional connectivity in infants

Author

Walter Hinds, David Semanek, Glorisa Canino, Catherine Monk, Melanie M. Wall, Seonjoo Lee, Ana Carolina Coelho Milani, Jonathan Posner, Andrea Parolin Jackowski, Nitamar Abdala, Jay A. Gingrich, Bradley S. Peterson, Cristiane S. Duarte, Yun Wang, Eduardo J. Labat, Ivaldo Silva, Bernd U. Foerster, Marina Griorgi Mamin, Ioannisely Berrios Torres, Camila Parente, Myrna M. Weissman, and Edna Acosta Pérez

Subjects
Male, medicine.medical_specialty, Edge-level, Jaccard index, Intraclass correlation, Cognitive Neuroscience, Rest, Developmental cognitive neuroscience, Datasets as Topic, Network, Neurosciences. Biological psychiatry. Neuropsychiatry, Audiology, 050105 experimental psychology, Article, Session (web analytics), 03 medical and health sciences, 0302 clinical medicine, medicine, Connectome, Cluster Analysis, Humans, 0501 psychology and cognitive sciences, Jaccard Index, ICA, Default mode network, Reliability (statistics), Reproducibility, Artificial neural network, ICC, Functional connectivity, 05 social sciences, fMRI, Default Mode Network, Reproducibility of Results, Infant, Subject-level, Magnetic Resonance Imaging, Test-retest reliability, Neurology, Female, Nerve Net, Psychology, Neuroscience, 030217 neurology & neurosurgery, RC321-571
Abstract

Resting functional MRI studies of the infant brain are increasingly becoming an important tool in developmental neuroscience. Whereas the test-retest reliability of functional connectivity (FC) measures derived from resting fMRI data have been characterized in the adult and child brain, similar assessments have not been conducted in infants. In this study, we examined the intra-session test-retest reliability of FC measures from 119 infant brain MRI scans from four neurodevelopmental studies. We investigated edge-level and subject-level reliability within one MRI session (between and within runs) measured by the Intraclass correlation coefficient (ICC). First, using an atlas-based approach, we examined whole-brain connectivity as well as connectivity within two common resting fMRI networks – the default mode network (DMN) and the sensorimotor network (SMN). Second, we examined the influence of run duration, study site, and scanning manufacturer (e.g., Philips and General Electric) on ICCs. Lastly, we tested spatial similarity using the Jaccard Index from networks derived from independent component analysis (ICA). Consistent with resting fMRI studies from adults, our findings indicated poor edge-level reliability (ICC = 0.14 - 0.18), but moderate-to-good subject-level intra-session reliability for whole-brain, DMN, and SMN connectivity (ICC = 0.40 - 0.78). We also found significant effects of run duration, site, and scanning manufacturer on reliability estimates. Some ICA-derived networks showed strong spatial reproducibility (e.g., DMN, SMN, and Visual Network), and were labelled based on their spatial similarity to analogous networks measured in adults. These networks were reproducibly found across different study studies. However, other ICA-networks (e.g. Executive Control Network) did not show strong spatial reproducibility, suggesting that the reliability and/or maturational course of functional connectivity may vary by network. In sum, our findings suggest that developmental scientist may be on safe ground examining the functional organization of some major neural networks (e.g. DMN and SMN), but judicious interpretation of functional connectivity is essential to its ongoing success.HighlightsInfant functional connectivity (FC) shows poor edge-level reliability (ICCs)However, subject-level infant FC estimates show good-to-excellent ICCsSpatial reproducibility is better for some resting networks (DMN, SMN) than others (ECN)Reliability estimates differ across study site and MRI scannerConclusion - Infant FC can be a reliable measurement, but judicious use is needed

Published
2021

33. Cortical and subcortical brain structure in generalized anxiety disorder

Author

Paolo Brambilla, Tali M. Ball, Dan J. Stein, Courtney A. Filippi, Kathryn E. Werwath, Pedro Mario Pan, Heidi K. Schroeder, Hannah Zwiebel, Andrea Parolin Jackowski, Jared A. Nielsen, Savannah N. Gosnell, Hans J. Grabe, Christian Grillon, Paul M. Thompson, Gabrielle F. Freitag, Murray B. Stein, Karina S. Blair, Narcís Cardoner, Neda Jahanshad, Ana Munjiza Jovanovic, Cristina Ottaviani, Massimo Filippi, André Zugman, Katharina Wittfeld, Antonia N. Kaczkurkin, Camilla Cividini, Hugo D. Critchley, Nynke A. Groenewold, Elise M. Cardinale, Moji Aghajani, Bianca A.V. Alberton, Michael T. Perino, Anderson M. Winkler, Ellen Leibenluft, Sophia I. Thomopoulos, Mohammed R. Milad, Kevin Hilbert, Matteo Mancini, Randy L. Buckner, Henry Völzke, Robin Bülow, Carmen Andreescu, Milutin Kostić, Raquel E. Gur, Benson Mwangi, Daniel Porta-Casteràs, Michael J. Myers, Federica Agosta, Thomas Straube, Giovana Zunta-Soares, Gretchen J. Diefenbach, Martin P. Paulus, Erica Tamburo, Brenda E. Benson, Elena Makovac, Grace V. Ringlein, Andrea L. Gold, David Hofmann, Mon-Ju Wu, Jeffrey R. Strawn, Janna Marie Bas-Hoogendam, Dick J. Veltman, Eleonora Maggioni, Sandra Van der Auwera, Gregory A. Fonzo, Ramiro Salas, Giovanni Abrahão Salum, Daniel S. Pine, Gisele Gus Manfro, Bart Larsen, Monique Ernst, Nic J.A. van der Wee, Helena van Nieuwenhuizen, Mira Z. Hammoud, Ruben C. Gur, Katie L. Burkhouse, Chad M. Sylvester, Rachel Berta, Elisa Canu, Jair C. Soares, Theodore D. Satterthwaite, Qiongru Yu, Frances Meeten, Ulrike Lueken, Jordan W. Smoller, Michal Assaf, Lilianne R. Mujica-Parodi, K. Luan Phan, Jennifer Harper, Nicholas L. Balderston, James R. Blair, Anita Harrewijn, Rebecca B. Price, Katja Beesdo-Baum, Psychiatry, Amsterdam Neuroscience - Mood, Anxiety, Psychosis, Stress & Sleep, Anatomy and neurosciences, Amsterdam Neuroscience - Brain Imaging, Harrewijn, A., Cardinale, E. M., Groenewold, N. A., Bas-Hoogendam, J. M., Aghajani, M., Hilbert, K., Cardoner, N., Porta-Casteras, D., Gosnell, S., Salas, R., Jackowski, A. P., Pan, P. M., Salum, G. A., Blair, K. S., Blair, J. R., Hammoud, M. Z., Milad, M. R., Burkhouse, K. L., Phan, K. L., Schroeder, H. K., Strawn, J. R., Beesdo-Baum, K., Jahanshad, N., Thomopoulos, S. I., Buckner, R., Nielsen, J. A., Smoller, J. W., Soares, J. C., Mwangi, B., Wu, M. -J., Zunta-Soares, G. B., Assaf, M., Diefenbach, G. J., Brambilla, P., Maggioni, E., Hofmann, D., Straube, T., Andreescu, C., Berta, R., Tamburo, E., Price, R. B., Manfro, G. G., Agosta, F., Canu, E., Cividini, C., Filippi, M., Kostic, M., Munjiza Jovanovic, A., Alberton, B. A. V., Benson, B., Freitag, G. F., Filippi, C. A., Gold, A. L., Leibenluft, E., Ringlein, G. V., Werwath, K. E., Zwiebel, H., Zugman, A., Grabe, H. J., Van der Auwera, S., Wittfeld, K., Volzke, H., Bulow, R., Balderston, N. L., Ernst, M., Grillon, C., Mujica-Parodi, L. R., van Nieuwenhuizen, H., Critchley, H. D., Makovac, E., Mancini, M., Meeten, F., Ottaviani, C., Ball, T. M., Fonzo, G. A., Paulus, M. P., Stein, M. B., Gur, R. E., Gur, R. C., Kaczkurkin, A. N., Larsen, B., Satterthwaite, T. D., Harper, J., Myers, M., Perino, M. T., Sylvester, C. M., Yu, Q., Lueken, U., Veltman, D. J., Thompson, P. M., Stein, D. J., Van der Wee, N. J. A., Winkler, A. M., and Pine, D. S.

Subjects
Adult, Male, medicine.medical_specialty, endocrine system, Generalized anxiety disorder, Neurosciences. Biological psychiatry. Neuropsychiatry, Anxiety, Audiology, Article, Structural magnetic resonance imaging, Cellular and Molecular Neuroscience, Secondary analysis, medicine, Psychology, Humans, ddc:610, Cortical surface, generalized anxiety disorder, structural brain imaging, cortical thickness, Child, diagnostic imaging [Brain], Biological Psychiatry, Medication use, diagnostic imaging [Anxiety Disorders], medicine.diagnostic_test, business.industry, Brain, Small sample, Magnetic resonance imaging, medicine.disease, Magnetic Resonance Imaging, Anxiety Disorders, Psychiatry and Mental health, multicentric network, Female, medicine.symptom, business, RC321-571, Neuroscience
Abstract

The goal of this study was to compare brain structure between individuals with generalized anxiety disorder (GAD) and healthy controls. Previous studies have generated inconsistent findings, possibly due to small sample sizes, or clinical/analytic heterogeneity. To address these concerns, we combined data from 28 research sites worldwide through the ENIGMA-Anxiety Working Group, using a single, pre-registered mega-analysis. Structural magnetic resonance imaging data from children and adults (5–90 years) were processed using FreeSurfer. The main analysis included the regional and vertex-wise cortical thickness, cortical surface area, and subcortical volume as dependent variables, and GAD, age, age-squared, sex, and their interactions as independent variables. Nuisance variables included IQ, years of education, medication use, comorbidities, and global brain measures. The main analysis (1020 individuals with GAD and 2999 healthy controls) included random slopes per site and random intercepts per scanner. A secondary analysis (1112 individuals with GAD and 3282 healthy controls) included fixed slopes and random intercepts per scanner with the same variables. The main analysis showed no effect of GAD on brain structure, nor interactions involving GAD, age, or sex. The secondary analysis showed increased volume in the right ventral diencephalon in male individuals with GAD compared to male healthy controls, whereas female individuals with GAD did not differ from female healthy controls. This mega-analysis combining worldwide data showed that differences in brain structure related to GAD are small, possibly reflecting heterogeneity or those structural alterations are not a major component of its pathophysiology.

Published
2021

34. Author response for 'Long‐term stability of the cortical volumetric profile and the functional human connectome throughout childhood and adolescence'

Author

André Zugman, Edson Amaro, Pedro Mario Pan, Luis Augusto Paim Rohde, Andrea Parolin Jackowski, Eurípedes Constantino Miguel, Ana Paula Arantes Bueno, Luciana Monteiro Moura, João Ricardo Sato, Ary Gadelha, Claudinei Eduardo Biazoli, Giovanni Abrahão Salum, Felipe Almeida Picon, and Rodrigo Affonseca Bressan

Subjects
Human Connectome, Psychology, Neuroscience, Term (time)
Published
2021

35. Association Between Fractional Amplitude of Low-Frequency Spontaneous Fluctuation and Degree Centrality in Children and Adolescents

Author

André Zugman, Nicolas Crossley, João Ricardo Sato, Andrea Parolin Jackowski, Luis Augusto Rohde, Luciana Monteiro Moura, Rodrigo A. Bressan, Felipe Almeida Picon, Claudinei E. Biazoli, Euripedes Constantino Miguel, Marcelo Q. Hoexter, and Edson Amaro

Subjects
Data Analysis, Male, medicine.medical_specialty, Adolescent, Rest, Precuneus, Contrast Media, Neuroimaging, Audiology, 050105 experimental psychology, Correlation, 03 medical and health sciences, 0302 clinical medicine, Connectome, medicine, Humans, 0501 psychology and cognitive sciences, Child, Association (psychology), Brain Mapping, Resting state fMRI, General Neuroscience, 05 social sciences, Brain, Neurophysiology, Magnetic Resonance Imaging, medicine.anatomical_structure, Posterior cingulate, Female, Nerve Net, Centrality, Psychology, Brazil, 030217 neurology & neurosurgery
Abstract

The fractional amplitude of low-frequency fluctuations (fALFFs) of the BOLD signal have been successfully applied as exploratory tools in neuroimaging. This metric has been useful in mapping brain functional changes in many clinical populations. However, little is known about the neurophysiological correlates of fALFF. This study aimed at demonstrating that fALFF is related to local network centrality during childhood and adolescence. The establishment of this relationship is fundamental to provide a more meaningful explanation to previous clinical and neurodevelopmental studies based on fALFF. Our findings show a correlation of ∼0.5 between these two metrics at a group level, which is a finding replicated in four large independent samples. However, when considering the across-subject and intra-subject correlations between the two metrics, the correlation is much lower, probably due to the low signal-to-noise ratio. Moreover, we found that regions with high fALFF and degree centrality overlapped modestly, particularly the posterior cingulate/precuneus and lateral parietal cortices.

Published
2019

36. Developmental Antecedents of Adult Macaque Neurogenesis: Early-Life Adversity, 5-HTTLPR Polymorphisms, and Adolescent Hippocampal Volume

Author

Shariful A. Syed, Anna Rozenboym, Jeremy D. Coplan, Andrea Parolin Jackowski, Sasha L. Fulton, Tarique D. Perera, Nishant K. Gupta, and Eric M. Schoenfeld

Subjects
Adult, Male, medicine.medical_specialty, Adolescent, Neurogenesis, Hippocampus, Hippocampal formation, Macaque, 03 medical and health sciences, 0302 clinical medicine, Adverse Childhood Experiences, Internal medicine, biology.animal, Medicine, Animals, Humans, Child, Serotonin transporter, Serotonin Plasma Membrane Transport Proteins, biology, business.industry, 030227 psychiatry, Doublecortin, Psychiatry and Mental health, Clinical Psychology, Endocrinology, 5-HTTLPR, Child, Preschool, Brain size, biology.protein, Macaca, business, 030217 neurology & neurosurgery, Stress, Psychological
Abstract

Introduction: Attenuated adult hippocampal neurogenesis may manifest in affective symptomatology and/or resistance to antidepressant treatment. While early-life adversity and the short variant (‘s’) of the serotonin transporter gene's long polymorphic region (5-HTTLPR) are suggested as interacting risk factors for affective disorders, no studies have examined whether their superposed risk effectuates neurogenic changes into adulthood. Similarly, it is not established whether reduced hippocampal volume in adolescence, variously identified as a marker and antecedent of affective disorders, anticipates diminished adult neurogenesis. We investigate these potential developmental precursors of neurogenic alterations using a bonnet macaque model. Methods: Twenty-five male infant bonnet macaques were randomized to stressed [variable foraging demand (VFD)] or normative [low foraging demand (LFD)] rearing protocols and genotyped for 5-HTTLPR polymorphisms. Adolescent MRI brain scans (mean age 4.2y) were available for 14 subjects. Adult-born neurons were detected post-mortem (mean age 8.6y) via immunohistochemistry targeting the microtubule protein doublecortin (DCX). Models were adjusted for age and weight. Results: A putative vulnerability group (VG) of VFD-reared ‘s’-carriers (all ‘s/l’) exhibited reduced neurogenesis compared to non-VG subjects. Neurogenesis levels were positively predicted by ipsilateral hippocampal volume normalized for total brain volume, but not by contralateral or raw hippocampal volume. Limitations: No ‘s’-carriers were identified in LFD-reared subjects, precluding a 2×2 factorial analysis. Conclusion: The ‘s’ allele (with adverse rearing) and low adolescent hippocampal volume portend a neurogenic deficit in adult macaques, suggesting persistent alterations in hippocampal plasticity may contribute to these developmental factors’ affective risk in humans.

Published
2021

37. Recent PTSD Recovery, Hippocampal Volume and Functional Connectivity in Adolescent Girls

Author

Tamara Sussman, Jonathan Posner, Andrea Parolin Jackowski, Adriana Correa, Ellis Viviane Hoffman, Fernanda Porto de Oliveira Peruzzi, Fernando Rodrigues Grecco, Samara Hipolito Nitzsche, Maria Eugenia Mesquita, Bernd Uwe Foester, Felipe Benatti di Cillo, Marcelo Feijo Mello, and Ana Carolina Coelho Milani

Subjects
History, Polymers and Plastics, Business and International Management, Industrial and Manufacturing Engineering
Published
2021

38. Heterogeneous trajectory of depressive symptoms after repeated subcutaneous esketamine injections

Author

Juliana Surjan, Lorena Catarina Del Sant, Ana Cecília Lucchese, Rodrigo Simonini Delfino, Carolina Nakahira, Luciana Maria Sarin, Marco Aurélio Tuena, José Alberto Del Porto, Andrea Parolin Jackowski, Matheus Ghossain Barbosa, Acioly L.T. Lacerda, Matheus Souza Steglich, Guilherme Abdo, Eduardo Magalhães, Victor Augusto Rodovalho Fava, Hugo Cogo-Moreira, and Camila Brito Puertas

Subjects
Response rate (survey), medicine.medical_specialty, business.industry, Depression, Sedation, Esketamine, Confounding, lcsh:Mental healing, Statistical, lcsh:RZ400-408, Models, Internal medicine, medicine, Ketamine, Observational study, Injections, subcutaneous, medicine.symptom, Adverse effect, business, Depression (differential diagnoses), medicine.drug
Abstract

Background Ketamine is an effective antidepressant with a 65–70% response rate and a fast onset of action. Esketamine (S-ketamine) has been found to be twice as potent as R-ketamine, while inducing fewer adverse effects, such as sedation and cognitive impairment, than racemic ketamine. However, little is known about its heterogeneous effects in treating depression. The aim of this study was to evaluate heterogeneity in the trajectory of depression treated with subcutaneous esketamine. Methods Seventy severely depressed patients were administered repeated subcutaneous esketamine injections, and four assessments on depressive symptoms were performed. A growth mixture model analysis of the sample was utilized to identify potential latent classes. Results Our model revealed two distinct subgroups: responders (79.1%), those who showed a lower depression score at the first time point and a strong decline in symptoms; and non-responders (20.9%), those who showed a higher initial depression score and a limited decline in symptoms. Limitations This study has an observational design, with possible confounders. We were unable to analyse class differences in baseline symptoms, probably due to sample size. The group behaviour observed here must be confirmed with different populations. There is currently no clear cutoff to predict group membership. Conclusion These findings suggest a systematically heterogeneous amelioration of symptoms based on a person-centred analysis. Patients with lower depression scores 24 h after the first injection are more likely to be in the responder subgroup and to present better symptom relief. Further studies should focus on clinical aspects that might predict this heterogeneity.

Published
2021

39. Posttraumatic Stress Disorder and Neuroprogression in Women Following Sexual Assault: Protocol for a Randomized Clinical Trial Evaluating Allostatic Load and Aging Process Acceleration

Author

Andrea Parolin Jackowski, Mary Yeh, Carolina Muniz Carvalho, Ana Carolina Coelho Milani, Andrea Feijo Mello, Mariana Rangel Maciel, Adriana Cristine Fonseca Mozzambani, Marcelo Feijó de Mello, Mario Francisco Juruena, Sintia Iole Belangero, Bruno Messina Coimbra, Dalva Poyares, Ana Teresa D'Elia, and Graduate School

Subjects
Aging, Thematic research, medicine.medical_treatment, Computer applications to medicine. Medical informatics, R858-859.7, Poison control, neuroprogression, Sexual assault, Trauma, law.invention, 03 medical and health sciences, 0302 clinical medicine, Randomized controlled trial, law, Injury prevention, medicine, Protocol, Sertraline, business.industry, sexual assault, aging, Human factors and ergonomics, PTSD, General Medicine, thematic research, randomized clinical trial, Allostatic load, Neuroprogression, 030227 psychiatry, Clinical trial, trauma, Interpersonal psychotherapy, Medicine, Randomized clinical trial, business, 030217 neurology & neurosurgery, allostatic load, medicine.drug, Clinical psychology
Abstract

Background Posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) is a prevalent, chronic, and severe disorder related to traumatic events. Women are disproportionately affected by PTSD than men and are more at risk in the occurrence of sexual assault victimization. Estimates suggest that 50% of women develop PTSD following sexual assault and successful clinical management can be challenging. Growing evidence has implicated neural, immune, and endocrine alterations underpinning PTSD, but only few studies have assessed the evolution of acute PTSD in women. Objective This study aims to measure whether the onset of PTSD is associated with accelerated aging in women following sexual assault. We hypothesize that the increase of allostatic load caused by PTSD leads to neuroprogression. We will implement a randomized clinical trial to compare responses to treatment with either interpersonal psychotherapy adapted for PTSD (IPT-PTSD) or the selective serotonin reuptake inhibitor sertraline. Methods We will include women between 18 and 45 years of age, who experienced sexual assault from 1 to 6 months before the initial evaluation, and present with a Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, fifth edition (DSM-5) diagnosis of PTSD. Baseline evaluation will comprise clinical and psychometric assessments, structural and functional magnetic resonance imaging, neuropsychological testing, polysomnography, evaluation of immune and endocrine parameters, and genetic analyses. Age-matched female healthy controls will be included and subjected to the same evaluation. Patients will be randomized for treatment in 1 of the 2 arms of the study for 14 weeks; follow-up will continue until 1 year after inclusion via treatment as usual. The researchers will collect clinical and laboratory data during periodic clinical assessments up to 1-year follow-up. Results Data collection started in early 2016 and will be completed by the end of the first semester of 2020. Analyses will be performed soon afterward, followed by the elaboration of several articles. Articles will be submitted in early 2021. This research project has obtained a grant from the Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP 2014/12559-5). Conclusions We expect to provide insight into the consequences of recent sexual assault exposure in women by investigating the degree of neuroprogression developing from an early stage of PTSD. We also expect to provide important evidence on the efficacy of a non-exposure psychotherapy (IPT-PTSD) to mitigate PTSD symptoms in recently sexually assaulted women. Further, we aim to obtain evidence on how treatment outcomes are associated with neuroprogression measures. Trial Registration Brazilian Clinical Trials Registry RBR-3z474z; http://www.ensaiosclinicos.gov.br/rg/RBR-3z474z/ International Registered Report Identifier (IRRID) DERR1-10.2196/19162

Published
2020

40. Is treatment-resistant schizophrenia associated with distinct neurobiological callosal connectivity abnormalities?

Author

Ary Gadelha, Luciana Monteiro Moura, Bruno Bertolucci Ortiz, Andrea Parolin Jackowski, Cinthia Higuchi, João Ricardo Sato, Cristiano Noto, Sintia Iole Belangero, Nicolas Crossley, Rodrigo A. Bressan, André Zugman, Vanessa Kiyomi Ota, and Idaiane Batista de Assunção-Leme

Subjects
Adult, Male, endocrine system, medicine.medical_specialty, animal structures, medicine.medical_treatment, Splenium, Corpus callosum, Corpus Callosum, White matter, 03 medical and health sciences, 0302 clinical medicine, Internal medicine, Fractional anisotropy, medicine, Humans, Antipsychotic, business.industry, Middle Aged, medicine.disease, 030227 psychiatry, Psychiatry and Mental health, medicine.anatomical_structure, Diffusion Tensor Imaging, Schizophrenia, Cardiology, Female, Neurology (clinical), Abnormality, business, hormones, hormone substitutes, and hormone antagonists, 030217 neurology & neurosurgery, Schizophrenia, Treatment-Resistant, Diffusion MRI
Abstract

BackgroundResistance to antipsychotic treatment affects up to 30% of patients with schizophrenia. Although the time course of development of treatment-resistant schizophrenia (TRS) varies from patient to patient, the reasons for these variations remain unknown. Growing evidence suggests brain dysconnectivity as a significant feature of schizophrenia. In this study, we compared fractional anisotropy (FA) of brain white matter between TRS and non–treatment-resistant schizophrenia (non-TRS) patients. Our central hypothesis was that TRS is associated with reduced FA values.MethodsTRS was defined as the persistence of moderate to severe symptoms after adequate treatment with at least two antipsychotics from different classes. Diffusion-tensor brain MRI obtained images from 34 TRS participants and 51 non-TRS. Whole-brain analysis of FA and axial, radial, and mean diffusivity were performed using Tract-Based Spatial Statistics (TBSS) and FMRIB’s Software Library (FSL), yielding a contrast between TRS and non-TRS patients, corrected for multiple comparisons using family-wise error (FWE) ResultsWe found a significant reduction in FA in the splenium of corpus callosum (CC) in TRS when compared to non-TRS. The antipsychotic dose did not relate to the splenium CC.ConclusionOur results suggest that the focal abnormality of CC may be a potential biomarker of TRS.

Published
2020

41. Assessment of Neurobiological Mechanisms of Cortical Thinning During Childhood and Adolescence and Their Implications for Psychiatric Disorders

Author

Nadine Parker, Pedro Mario Pan, Tomáš Paus, Giovanni Abrahão Salum, Yash Patel, Saguenay Youth Study, Zdenka Pausova, and Andrea Parolin Jackowski

Subjects
Male, medicine.medical_specialty, Paris, Dendritic spine, Adolescent, Cortical thinning, Biology, Cohort Studies, 03 medical and health sciences, Myelin, Young Adult, 0302 clinical medicine, Single site, Gene panel, Germany, medicine, Humans, Psychiatry, Child, Original Investigation, Mental Disorders, Quebec, Correction, Human brain, Cerebral Cortical Thinning, Magnetic Resonance Imaging, United Kingdom, 030227 psychiatry, Psychiatry and Mental health, medicine.anatomical_structure, Cohort, Female, Ireland, 030217 neurology & neurosurgery, Cohort study
Abstract

Importance Many psychiatric disorders can be conceptualized as disorders of brain maturation during childhood and adolescence. Discovering the neurobiological underpinnings of brain maturation may elucidate molecular pathways of vulnerability and resilience to such disorders. Objective To investigate the underlying neurobiological mechanisms of age-associated cortical thinning during maturation and their implications for psychiatric disorders. Design, Setting, and Participants This multicohort analysis used data from 3 community-based studies. The Saguenay Youth Study provided data from 1024 adolescents who were recruited at a single site in Quebec, Canada. The IMAGEN cohort provided data from 1823 participants who were recruited in 8 European cities. The Brazil High Risk Cohort Study for the Development of Childhood Psychiatric Disorders provided data from 815 participants who were recruited in 2 Brazilian cities. Cortical thickness was estimated from the results of magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) scans, and age-associated cortical thinning was estimated in 34 cortical regions. Gene expression from the Allen Human Brain Atlas was aligned with the same regions. Similarities in the interregional profiles of gene expression and the profiles of age-associated cortical thinning were measured. The involvement of dendrites, dendritic spines, and myelin was tested using 3 gene panels. Enrichment for genes associated with psychiatric disorders was tested among the genes associated with thinning and their coexpression networks. Data analysis was conducted between March and October 2019. Main Outcomes and Measures MRI-derived estimates of age-associated cortical thinning and gene expression in 34 cortical regions. Results A total of 3596 individuals aged 9 to 21 years were included in this study. Of those, 1803 participants (50.1%) were female, and the mean (SD) age was 15.2 (2.6) years. Interregional profiles of age-associated cortical thinning were associated with interregional gradients in the expression of genes associated with dendrites, dendritic spines, and myelin; the variance in thinning explained by the gene panels across different points ranged from 0.45% to 10.55% for the dendrite panel, 0.00% to 9.98% for the spine panel, and 0.19% to 26.39% for the myelin panel. These genes and their coexpression networks were enriched for genes associated with several psychiatric disorders. Conclusions and Relevance In this study, genetic similarity between interregional variation in cortical thinning during maturation and multiple psychiatric disorders suggests overlapping molecular underpinnings. This finding adds to the understanding of the neurodevelopmental mechanisms of psychiatric disorders.

Published
2020

42. The probability of response after each subcutaneous injection of esketamine in treatment-resistant depression

Author

Juliana Surjan, Lorena Catarina Del Sant, Ana Cecília Lucchese, Andrea Parolin Jackowski, Carolina Nakahira, Hugo Cogo-Moreira, Matheus Ghossain Barbosa, Guilherme Abdo, Acioly L.T. Lacerda, Rodrigo Simonini Delfino, Luciana Maria Sarin, Marco Aurélio Tuena, Matheus Souza Steiglich, Victor Augusto Rodovalho Fava, José Alberto Del Porto, and Eduardo Magalhães

Subjects
Depression, business.industry, Injections, Subcutaneous, General Medicine, medicine.disease, Antidepressive Agents, 030227 psychiatry, 03 medical and health sciences, Psychiatry and Mental health, Esketamine, Subcutaneous injection, 0302 clinical medicine, Rating scale, Anesthesia, medicine, Retrospective analysis, Humans, Ketamine, business, Treatment-resistant depression, 030217 neurology & neurosurgery, Depression (differential diagnoses), Probability, Retrospective Studies, medicine.drug
Abstract

Introduction The administration of multiple esketamine doses has shown efficacy for unipolar and bipolar treatment-resistant depression (TRD). Nevertheless, the probability of responding or not after each dose in the real-world remains unknown. This study aimed to estimate it throughout four doses of esketamine, administrated via subcutaneous (SC). Material and methods We conducted a retrospective analysis of a case series of 70 patients with TRD who received treatment from the esketamine assistance program at Federal University of Sao Paulo, between April 2017 and December 2018. The SC injections were administrated weekly at a dose of 0.5–1.0 mg/kg, in conjunction with patients’ psychotropic drugs. Response was defined as a decrease of at least 50% in the Montgomery-Asberg Depression Rating Scale between baseline and 24 h after dose. We used hidden Markov modeling in order to estimate de probability of response after each esketamine injection. Results The probability of a patient that was a “non-responder” to become a “responder” following a SC injection of esketamine was 17.30% and the probability that this patient remains a “non-responder” was 82.70%. The probability of a patient that was a “responder” to remain as a “responder” was 95%. Conclusions Patients with TRD who had not responded after the first dose of esketamine, still had a chance of responding after the subsequent dose administrated via SC.

Published
2020

43. Age-dependent genetic variants associated with longitudinal changes in brain structure across the lifespan

Author

Philip R. Jansen, Erlend Bøen, Erin Burke Quinlan, Javier Vázquez-Bourgon, Celso Arango, Sonja M C de Zwarte, Andrea Parolin Jackowski, Mohammad Arfan Ikram, Dennis van der Meer, Clara Alloza, Matthew S. Panizzon, Ryan L. Muetzel, Vidar M. Steen, Lars T. Westlye, Joanna Bright, Walter Heindel, Marcella Rietschel, Wei Wen, Frauke Nees, Daniel Keeser, Sintia Iole Belangero, Philip Shaw, Tiago Reis Marques, Neda Jahanshad, Jiyang Jiang, Benedicto Crespo Facorro, Tilo Kircher, David Ames, Dan J. Stein, Ulrik Fredrik Malt, Axel Krug, Kang Sim, Gaia Bonfiglio, Nhat Trung Doan, Katrin Amunts, John B.J. Kwok, Pedro Mario Pan, Udo Dannlowski, Markus M. Nöthen, Elena Shumskaya, Simon R. Cox, Sarah J. Heany, Perminder S. Sachdev, Aad van der Lugt, Mark E. Bastin, Brenda W.J.H. Penninx, Catherine Morgan, Elizabeth E.L. Buimer, Henrik Walter, Dara M. Cannon, Hugo G. Schnack, Sarah Hohmann, Evangelos Vassos, Shun Takahashi, Gloria Roberts, Simone Ciufolini, Loes M. Olde Loohuis, Penny A. Gowland, Joost Janssen, Michael N. Smolka, Temmuz Karali, Robin M. Murray, Herve Lemaitre, Karen A. Mather, Dennis van 't Ent, Derek W. Morris, William S. Kremen, Peter Falkai, Berend Malchow, Tim Hahn, Dag Alnæs, Ronny Redlich, Ingrid Agartz, Fabian Streit, João P.O.F.T. Guimarães, Nils Opel, Bernhard T. Baune, Marie-Laure Paillère Martinot, Catharina A. Hartman, Alexander Teumer, Frederike Stein, André Zugman, Nikita Setiaman, Jalmar Teeuw, Isabella A. Breukelaar, Vicente Medel, Stephanie H. Witt, Christienne G. Damatac, Nicolas Crossley, Luise Poustka, Hieab H.H. Adams, Linda Ding, Jonathan Repple, Jacqueline Hoare, Eric Artiges, Manon H.J. Hillegers, Andreas Heinz, Susanne Meinert, Tianye Jia, Diana Tordesillas-Gutiérrez, Marieke Klein, Herta Flor, Joanna M. Wardlaw, Roel A. Ophoff, Rodrigo A. Bressan, Antoine Grigis, Marcos L. Santoro, Javier González-Peñas, Thomas Espeseth, Torbjørn Elvsåshagen, Kristel R. van Eijk, Hilleke E. Hulshoff Pol, Sophia I. Thomopoulos, Gustavo Sudre, Juliane H. Fröhner, Rhoshel K. Lenroot, Bernd Ittermann, René S. Kahn, Gareth J. Barker, Wiepke Cahn, Yuri Milaneschi, Margaret J. Wright, Janita Bralten, Gail Davies, Elisabet Blok, Janice M. Fullerton, Jouke-Jan Hottenga, Paola Dazzan, Andreas J. Forstner, Leila Nabulsi, Christopher D. Whelan, Katharina Wittfeld, Mathew A. Harris, Julian N. Trollor, Mayuresh S. Korgaonkar, Igor Nenadic, Nitin Gogtay, Laura K.M. Han, Robin Bülow, Moji Aghajani, Leonard H. van den Berg, Marta Di Forti, Bronwyn Overs, Paul M. Thompson, Rick M. Tankard, Sven Cichon, Jason L. Stein, Jaap Oosterlaan, Jan K. Buitelaar, Jean-Luc Martinot, René C.W. Mandl, Victor Ortiz-García de la Foz, Robert Whelan, Svenja Caspers, Rosa Ayesa-Arriola, Sylvane Desrivières, Covadonga M. Díaz-Caneja, Ole A. Andreassen, Gunter Schumann, Arun L.W. Bokde, Alyssa H. Zhu, Henk-Jan Westeneng, Emma Sprooten, Sergi Papiol, Giovanni Abrahão Salum, Neeltje E.M. van Haren, Simon E. Fisher, Dominik Grotegerd, Casper L. de Mol, Alzheimer’s Disease Neuroimaging Initiative, Dorret I. Boomsma, Gennady V. Roshchupkin, Pieter J. Hoekstra, Andreas Jansen, Peter R. Schofield, Tonya White, Maria J. Knol, Rachel M. Brouwer, Martijn G.J.C. Koevoets, Thomas W. Mühleisen, Katharina Dohm, Barbara Franke, Philip B. Mitchell, Colm McDonald, Anbupalam Thalamuthu, Henry Brodaty, Gary Donohoe, Stephanie Le Hellard, Shareefa Dalvie, Georg Homuth, Jan H. Veldink, Nicola J. Armstrong, Christiane Jockwitz, Sarah E. Medland, Katrina L. Grasby, Tobias Banaschewski, Hans J. Grabe, Hugh Garavan, Dirk J. Heslenfeld, Erik G. Jönsson, Carol E. Franz, and Janik Goltermann

Subjects
2. Zero hunger, Apolipoprotein E, 0303 health sciences, Brain morphometry, Human brain, Biology, medicine.disease, 3. Good health, 03 medical and health sciences, 0302 clinical medicine, medicine.anatomical_structure, Atrophy, Schizophrenia, Ageing, medicine, Cognitive skill, Neuroscience, 030217 neurology & neurosurgery, Depression (differential diagnoses), 030304 developmental biology
Abstract

SummaryHuman brain structure changes throughout our lives. Altered brain growth or rates of decline are implicated in a vast range of psychiatric, developmental, and neurodegenerative diseases. Here, we identified common genetic variants that affect rates of brain growth or atrophy, in the first genome-wide association meta-analysis of changes in brain morphology across the lifespan. Longitudinal MRI data from 15,640 individuals were used to compute rates of change for 15 brain structures. The most robustly identified genesGPR139, DACH1andAPOEare associated with metabolic processes. We demonstrate global genetic overlap with depression, schizophrenia, cognitive functioning, insomnia, height, body mass index and smoking. Gene-set findings implicate both early brain development and neurodegenerative processes in the rates of brain changes. Identifying variants involved in structural brain changes may help to determine biological pathways underlying optimal and dysfunctional brain development and ageing.

Published
2020

44. Posttraumatic Stress Disorder and Neuroprogression in Women Following Sexual Assault: Protocol for a Randomized Clinical Trial Evaluating Allostatic Load and Aging Process Acceleration (Preprint)

Author

Bruno Messina Coimbra, Mary Yeh, Ana Teresa D'Elia, Mariana Rangel Maciel, Carolina Muniz Carvalho, Ana Carolina Milani, Adriana Mozzambani, Mario Juruena, Sintia Iole Belangero, Andrea Parolin Jackowski, Dalva Poyares, Andrea Feijo Mello, and Marcelo Feijo Mello

Abstract

BACKGROUND Posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) is a prevalent, chronic, and severe disorder related to traumatic events. Women are disproportionately affected by PTSD than men and are more at risk in the occurrence of sexual assault victimization. Estimates suggest that 50% of women develop PTSD following sexual assault and successful clinical management can be challenging. Growing evidence has implicated neural, immune, and endocrine alterations underpinning PTSD, but only few studies have assessed the evolution of acute PTSD in women. OBJECTIVE This study aims to measure whether the onset of PTSD is associated with accelerated aging in women following sexual assault. We hypothesize that the increase of allostatic load caused by PTSD leads to neuroprogression. We will implement a randomized clinical trial to compare responses to treatment with either interpersonal psychotherapy adapted for PTSD (IPT-PTSD) or the selective serotonin reuptake inhibitor sertraline. METHODS We will include women between 18 and 45 years of age, who experienced sexual assault from 1 to 6 months before the initial evaluation, and present with a Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, fifth edition (DSM-5) diagnosis of PTSD. Baseline evaluation will comprise clinical and psychometric assessments, structural and functional magnetic resonance imaging, neuropsychological testing, polysomnography, evaluation of immune and endocrine parameters, and genetic analyses. Age-matched female healthy controls will be included and subjected to the same evaluation. Patients will be randomized for treatment in 1 of the 2 arms of the study for 14 weeks; follow-up will continue until 1 year after inclusion via treatment as usual. The researchers will collect clinical and laboratory data during periodic clinical assessments up to 1-year follow-up. RESULTS Data collection started in early 2016 and will be completed by the end of the first semester of 2020. Analyses will be performed soon afterward, followed by the elaboration of several articles. Articles will be submitted in early 2021. This research project has obtained a grant from the Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP 2014/12559-5). CONCLUSIONS We expect to provide insight into the consequences of recent sexual assault exposure in women by investigating the degree of neuroprogression developing from an early stage of PTSD. We also expect to provide important evidence on the efficacy of a non-exposure psychotherapy (IPT-PTSD) to mitigate PTSD symptoms in recently sexually assaulted women. Further, we aim to obtain evidence on how treatment outcomes are associated with neuroprogression measures. CLINICALTRIAL Brazilian Clinical Trials Registry RBR-3z474z; http://www.ensaiosclinicos.gov.br/rg/RBR-3z474z/ INTERNATIONAL REGISTERED REPORT DERR1-10.2196/19162

Published
2020

45. Repeated subcutaneous esketamine administration for depressive symptoms and pain relief in a terminally ill cancer patient: A case report

Author

Luciana Maria Sarin, Andrea Parolin Jackowski, Matheus Ghossain Barbosa, and Rodrigo Simonini Delfino

Subjects
Male, medicine.medical_specialty, Palliative care, Terminally ill, Pain, 03 medical and health sciences, 0302 clinical medicine, 030502 gerontology, Internal medicine, medicine, Humans, Terminally Ill, Ketamine, Depression (differential diagnoses), Aged, business.industry, Depression, Cancer, General Medicine, medicine.disease, Antidepressive Agents, Esketamine, Anesthesiology and Pain Medicine, Treatment Outcome, 030220 oncology & carcinogenesis, Abdominal Neoplasms, 0305 other medical science, business, Cancer pain, Administration (government), medicine.drug
Abstract

Background: Depressive disorders are common among cancer patients. Ketamine can quickly relieve depression, and its subcutaneous administration appears to be as effective as and probably safer than its standard intravenous administration. Herein, we report a case verifying the antidepressant effect of a subcutaneous esketamine formulation. Case presentation: A 65-year-old male with metastatic abdominal tumor reported sadness, weight loss, fatigue, hopelessness, insomnia, inattention, and reduced motivation. His scores on the visual analogical scale for pain and Montgomery–Asberg depression rating scale were 8/10 and 30/60, respectively. Possible courses of action: Monoaminergic antidepressants are effective, but their response is slow for end-of-life care. Formulation of a plan: Esketamine was preferred because it possibly contributes to pain relief. It can repeatedly be infused intravenously, but was subcutaneously administered twice a week for safety reasons. Outcome: The patient showed continuous mood improvement, achieving depression remission on day 7. Pain relief was observed but without stability. His vital signs remained stable, and he remained calm, without major complaints. Lessons from the case: Repeated subcutaneous esketamine injections are possibly safe and effective in pain and depression relief in palliative care cancer patients. View on research problems, objectives, or questions generated by the case: Placebo-controlled studies with similar cases are needed to establish efficacy and safety.

Published
2020

46. Prefrontal gray matter volume in adults bipolar I outpatients is associated with history of suicide attempts?

Author

Leonardo Baldaçara, Lucas C. Quarantini, Ângela Miranda-Scippa, Marlos Vasconcelos Rocha, César de Araújo Neto, André C. Caribé, Andrea Parolin Jackowski, Fabiana Nery-Fernandes, Giovanna G. Ladeia-Rocha, and Irismar Reis de Oliveira

Subjects
Psychiatry, medicine.medical_specialty, Suicide attempt, business.industry, RC435-571, pragmatic language, medicine.disease, metaphor, Gray (unit), Psychiatry and Mental health, Neuroimaging, Suicidal behavior, Schizophrenia, Internal medicine, Neuroplasticity, Medicine, Bipolar disorder, business, Prefrontal cortex
Abstract

Background: Patients with Bipolar Disorder (BD) have the highest lifetime risk for suicidal behavior (SB) compared to other psychiatric disorders. Neuroimaging research provides evidence of some structural and functional abnormalities in the brain of BD suicide attempters (SA), but interpretation of these findings may represent a number of features. Objective: The purpose of this study was to evaluate the volume of the prefrontal cortex in euthymic BD type I outpatients, with and without history of SA. Methods: 36 euthymic BD I outpatients (18 with and 18 without suicide attempt history) were underwent structural MRI and total and regional gray matter volumes were assessed and compared with 22 healthy controls (HC). Results: We did not found any differences in all areas between suicidal and non-suicidal BD I patients and BD patients as a group compared to HC as well. Discussion: our findings suggest that can be a different subgroups of patients in relation to prefrontal cortex volumes according to some clinical and socio-demographic caractheristics, such as number of previous episodes and continuous use of medical psychotropic drugs that may induce neuroplasticity phenomena, which restore cerebral volume and possibly can lead to long-term euthymia state.

Published
2020

47. Investigating brain structural patterns in first episode psychosis and schizophrenia using MRI and a machine learning approach

Author

Adriana Miyazaki de Moura, André Zugman, Andrea Parolin Jackowski, Sintia Iole Belangero, Walter H. L. Pinaya, Cristiano Noto, Ary Gadelha, Rodrigo A. Bressan, João Ricardo Sato, and Quirino Cordeiro

Subjects
Adult, Male, medicine.medical_specialty, Neuroscience (miscellaneous), Neuroimaging, Audiology, Pattern Recognition, Automated, Machine Learning, Score distribution, Young Adult, 03 medical and health sciences, 0302 clinical medicine, Limbic system, First episode psychosis, medicine, Humans, Radiology, Nuclear Medicine and imaging, In patient, business.industry, Healthy subjects, Brain, Middle Aged, Linear discriminant analysis, medicine.disease, Magnetic Resonance Imaging, 030227 psychiatry, Psychiatry and Mental health, medicine.anatomical_structure, Psychotic Disorders, Schizophrenia, Female, business, 030217 neurology & neurosurgery
Abstract

In this study, we employed the Maximum Uncertainty Linear Discriminant Analysis (MLDA) to investigate whether the structural brain patterns in first episode psychosis (FEP) patients would be more similar to patients with chronic schizophrenia (SCZ) or healthy controls (HC), from a schizophrenia model perspective. Brain regions volumetric data were estimated by using MRI images of SCZ and FEP patients and HC. First, we evaluated the MLDA performance in discriminating SCZ from controls, which provided a score based on a model for changes in brain structure in SCZ. In the following, we compared the volumetric patterns of FEP patients with patterns of SCZ and healthy controls using these scores. The FEP group had a score distribution more similar to patients with schizophrenia (p-value = .461; Cohen's d=-.15) in comparison with healthy subjects (p-value=.003; Cohen's d = .62). Structures related to the limbic system and the circuitry involved in goal-directed behaviours were the most discriminant regions. There is a distinct pattern of volumetric changes in patients with schizophrenia in contrast to healthy controls, and this pattern seem to be detectable already in FEP.

Published
2018

48. Effects of the brain-derived neurotropic factor variant Val66Met on cortical structure in late childhood and early adolescence

Author

Andrea Parolin Jackowski, Sintia Iole Belangero, Rodrigo Grassi-Oliveira, Pedro Mario Pan, Euripedes Constantino Miguel, Elisa Brietzke, Luis Augusto Rohde, Renata Pellegrino, Vanessa Kiyomi Ota, Marco Antonio Gomes Del Aquilla, Célia Maria de Araújo, João Ricardo Sato, Walter Swardfager, Leticia Spindola, Hakon Hakonarson, Giovanni Abrahão Salum, Ary Gadelha, Felipe Almeida Picon, André Zugman, Rodrigo A. Bressan, Luciana Monteiro Moura, and Edson Amaro

Subjects
Male, Early adolescence, Polymorphism, Single Nucleotide, ADOLESCENTES, Cohort Studies, 03 medical and health sciences, Child Development, 0302 clinical medicine, Neurotrophic factors, Humans, Medicine, Child, Biological Psychiatry, Cerebral Cortex, Brain-derived neurotrophic factor, business.industry, Brain-Derived Neurotrophic Factor, Mental Disorders, Brain morphometry, Late childhood, Magnetic Resonance Imaging, 030227 psychiatry, Psychiatry and Mental health, Female, business, rs6265, Neuroscience, Brazil, 030217 neurology & neurosurgery, Temporal Cortices, Psychopathology
Abstract

Background The brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) Val66Met polymorphism (rs6265) has been associated with several neuropsychiatric disorders and regional structural brain changes in adults, but little is known about Val66Met's effect on brain morphology during typical or atypical neurodevelopment. Windows of vulnerability to psychopathology may be associated with the different alleles of the Val66Met polymorphism during childhood and adolescence. Methodology We investigated the effect of Val66Met on cortical thickness in MRI scans of 718 children and adolescents (6–12 years old) with typical development, and in those meeting DSM criteria for a psychiatric disorder. Results Val66Met had a significant effect on cortical thickness. Considering the typically developing group, Met-carriers presented thicker parietal and occipital lobes and prefrontal cortices compared to Val homozygotes. Met-carriers with psychiatric disorders presented thicker medial and lateral temporal cortices than Val homozygotes. Furthermore, a significant genotype × psychiatric diagnosis interaction was found: Met-carriers with a psychiatric diagnosis presented thinner bilateral prefrontal cortices than Val homozygotes. Conclusion This study provides evidence that Val66Met is associated with cortical maturation in children and adolescents with and without psychiatric disorders.

Published
2018

49. Low frequency fluctuation of brain spontaneous activity and obsessive-compulsive symptoms in a large school-age sample

Author

Pedro Gomes de Alvarenga, Carles Soriano-Mas, Giovanni Abrahão Salum, Marcelo C. Batistuzzo, Luciana Monteiro Moura, Pedro Mario Pan, Edson Amaro, Euripedes Constantino Miguel, Marco Antonio Gomes Del Aquilla, Rodrigo A. Bressan, Maurício Anés, João Ricardo Sato, Claudinei E. Biazoli, Andrea Parolin Jackowski, Leticia Mancini-Martins, Ary Gadelha, Luis Augusto Rohde, Maria Conceição do Rosário, and Marcelo Q. Hoexter

Subjects
Male, Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder, medicine.medical_specialty, Adolescent, Brain activity and meditation, Rest, Audiology, Brain mapping, Cohort Studies, 03 medical and health sciences, Superior temporal gyrus, 0302 clinical medicine, Gyrus, medicine, Humans, Child, Psychiatry, Biological Psychiatry, Psychiatric Status Rating Scales, Brain Mapping, Amplitude of low frequency fluctuations, Brain, Magnetic Resonance Imaging, 030227 psychiatry, Psychiatry and Mental health, medicine.anatomical_structure, Female, Primary motor cortex, Psychology, Insula, BRASILEIROS, 030217 neurology & neurosurgery, Psychopathology
Abstract

Background The present study was designed to explore alterations in brain dynamics at rest that are associated with Obsessive Compulsive Symptoms (OCS) in childhood by measuring low frequency fluctuation of spontaneous brain activity in a large school community sample from a developing country. Method Resting state functional magnetic resonance imaging data were collected in a sample of 655 children and adolescents (6–15 years old) from the brazilian ‘High Risk Cohort Study for Psychiatric Disorders (HRC)’. OCS were assessed using items from the Compulsion and Obsessions section of the Development and Well-Being Assessment (DAWBA). The correlation between the fractional amplitude of low frequency fluctuations (fALFF) and the number of OCS were explored by using a general linear model, considering fALFF as response variable, OCS score as regressor and age, gender and site as nuisance variables. Results The number of OCS was positively correlated with the fALFF coefficients at the right sensorimotor cortex (pre-motor, primary motor cortex and post-central gyrus) and negatively correlated with the fALFF coefficients at the insula/superior temporal gyrus of both hemispheres. Our results were specific to OCS and not due to associations with overall psychopathology. Conclusions Our results suggest that brain spontaneous activity at rest in the sensorimotor and insular/superior-temporal cortices may be involved in OCS in children. These findings need independent replication and future studies should determine whether brain spontaneous activity changes within these regions might be predictors of risk for obsessive-compulsive disorder latter in life.

Published
2018

50. Ventral Striatum Functional Connectivity as a Predictor of Adolescent Depressive Disorder in a Longitudinal Community-Based Sample

Author

Daniel S. Pine, Rodrigo A. Bressan, Jair de Jesus Mari, João Ricardo Sato, Giovanni Abrahão Salum, Felipe Almeida Picon, Ary Gadelha, André Zugman, Euripedes Constantino Miguel, Argyris Stringaris, Andrea Parolin Jackowski, Ellen Leibenluft, Luis Augusto Rohde, and Pedro Mario Pan

Subjects
Male, medicine.medical_specialty, Adolescent, Logistic regression, Risk Assessment, Cohort Studies, 03 medical and health sciences, 0302 clinical medicine, Reward, Image Processing, Computer-Assisted, Odds Ratio, medicine, Humans, Longitudinal Studies, Child, Psychiatry, Depression (differential diagnoses), Depressive Disorder, Depressive Disorder, Major, Resting state fMRI, Functional Neuroimaging, Functional connectivity, Ventral striatum, Brain, Odds ratio, Behavioral activation, Magnetic Resonance Imaging, 030227 psychiatry, Psychiatry and Mental health, medicine.anatomical_structure, Ventral Striatum, Cohort, Female, Psychology, Brazil, 030217 neurology & neurosurgery, Follow-Up Studies, Clinical psychology
Abstract

National Institute of Developmental Psychiatry for Children and Adolescents, Sao Paulo Sao Paulo Research Foundation] Brazilian National Council for Scientific and Technological Development Shire Eli Lilly Janssen Novartis Sao Paulo Research Foundation Wellcome Trust U.K. National Institutes of Health Research University College London Johnson Johnson Objective: Previous studies have implicated aberrant reward processing in the pathogenesis of adolescent depression. However, no study has used functional connectivity within a distributed reward network, assessed using resting-state functional MRI (fMRI), to predict the onset of depression in adolescents. This study used reward network-based functional connectivity at baseline to predict depressive disorder at follow-up in a community sample of adolescents. Method: A total of 637 children 6-12 years old underwent resting-state fMRI. Discovery and replication analyses tested intrinsic functional connectivity (iFC) among nodes of a putative reward network. Logistic regression tested whether striatal node strength, a measure of reward-related iFC, predicted onset of a depressive disorder at 3-year follow-up. Further analyses investigated the specificity of this prediction. Results: Increased left ventral striatum node strength predicted increased risk for future depressive disorder (odds ratio=1.54, 95% CI=1.09-2.18), even after excluding participants who had depressive disorders at baseline (odds ratio=1.52, 95% CI=1.05-2.20). Among 11 reward-network nodes, only the left ventral striatum significantly predicted depression. Striatal node strength did not predict other common adolescent psychopathology, such as anxiety, attention deficit hyperactivity disorder, and substance use. Conclusions: Aberrant ventral striatum functional connectivity specifically predicts future risk for depressive disorder. This finding further emphasizes the need to understand how brain reward networks contribute to youth depression. Univ Fed Sao Paulo, Dept Psychiat, Lab Interdisciplinar Neurociencias Clin, Sao Paulo, Brazil NIMH, Mood Brain & Dev Unit, Emot & Dev Branch, Bethesda, MD 20892 USA Univ Fed ABC, Ctr Math Comp & Cognit, Santo Andre, Brazil Univ Fed Rio Grande do Sul, Dept Psychiat, Hosp Clin Porto Alegre, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil Univ Sao Paulo, Dept & Inst Psychiat, Sao Paulo, Brazil NIMH, Sect Dev & Affect Neurosci, Bethesda, MD 20892 USA NIMH, Sect Mood Dysregulat & Neurosci, Emot & Dev Branch, Bethesda, MD 20892 USA Kings Coll London, Inst Psychiat Psychol & Neurosci, Dept Psychosis Studies, London, England Univ Fed Sao Paulo, Dept Psychiat, Sao Paulo, Brazil Univ Fed Sao Paulo, Dept Psychiat, Lab Interdisciplinar Neurociencias Clin, Sao Paulo, Brazil Univ Fed Sao Paulo, Dept Psychiat, Sao Paulo, Brazil FAPESP: 2014/50917-0 FAPESP: 2013/08531-5 CNPq: 465550/2014-2 Web of Science

Published
2017

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