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Resumen Antecedentes: la esquizofrenia es una enfermedad crónica que genera gran discapacidad, para la cual se han reportado biomarcadores potenciales, pero sin suficiente validez clínica. El mismatch negativity (MMN) y el P3a son potenciales relacionados con eventos que han demostrado ser indicadores neurofisiológicos del procesamiento auditivo pre-atencional y potenciales biomarcadores. Objetivo: evaluar el MMN y P3a en pacientes con diagnóstico de esquizofrenia y su relación con variables sociodemográficas y clínicas. Método: estudio cuantitativo transversal de 23 sujetos con esquizofrenia (ESQ) y 22 controles sanos (SN). Las amplitudes promedio y latencias del MMN/P3a para la condición infrecuente en duración y frecuencia fueron obtenidas mediante un paradigma oddball auditivo en un EEG de 32 canales. Resultados: se encontraron diferencias para la condición frecuencia en la amplitud del MMN (p=0.046; CI 95% 0.009; 0.87) y la amplitud del P3a (p=0.042; CI 95% 0.025; 1.24) entre los grupos; la amplitud del MMN fue menor en el grupo ESQ (-0.36 DE 0.51 µV) en comparación con los participantes del grupo de SN (-0.81 DE 0.89 µV), mientras que la amplitud del P3a fue menor en el grupo SN (0.18 DE 0.97 µV) versus el grupo ESQ (0.82 DE 1.05 µV). En relación con las variables sociodemográficas y clínicas, las asociaciones con el P3a fueron moderadas y con el MMN débiles. Conclusiones: la reducción de la amplitud del MMN a la condición frecuencia exhibe mayor utilidad que el P3a como medida de alta estabilidad en pacientes con esquizofrenia, lo que reitera su posible uso como biomarcador. Abstract Background: schizophrenia is a chronic disease that generates great disability, which currently has potential biomarkers but without sufficient clinical validity. Mismatch negativity (MMN) and P3a are event-related potentials that have been shown to be neurophysiological indicators of pre-attentional auditory processing and potential biomarkers. Objective: to evaluate MMN and P3a in patients with a diagnosis of schizophrenia and their relationship with sociodemographic and clinical variables. Method: a quantitative cross-sectional study of 23 subjects with schizophrenia and 22 healthy controls was performed. The average amplitudes and latencies of the MMN/P3a for the condition infrequent in duration and infrequent in frequency were obtained using an auditory oddball paradigm on a 32-channel EEG. Results: differences were found for the frequency condition in the amplitude of the MMN (p=0.046; 95% CI 0.009; 0.87) and the amplitude of the P3a (p=0.042; 95% CI 0.025; 1.24) between the groups; MMN amplitude was lower in schizophrenia (-0.36 SD 0.51 µV) compared to healthy controls (-0.81 SD 0.89 µV), while P3a amplitude was lower in healthy controls (0.18 SD 0.97 µV) versus the group with schizophrenia (0.82 SD 1.05 µV). In regard to sociodemographic and clinical variables, the associations with P3a were moderate, and showed weak MMN. Conclusions: MMN amplitude reduction to the frequency condition exhibits greater utility than P3a as a measure of high stability in schizophrenia, restating its potential use as a biomarker.

BackgroundThe COVID-19 pandemic has led to a significant increase in the workload of healthcare workers that, together with the risks associated with exposure to this new virus, has affected their mental health.ObjectivesThe objective of the current study was to determine the prevalence of psychopathology and burnout syndrome in healthcare workers and the predictive role of purpose in life and moral courage in this relationship.MethodsA cross-sectional study was carried out in 115 Spanish healthcare workers.ResultsParticipants with burnout had higher anxiety (p = 0.001), depression (p < 0.001), post-traumatic stress (p = 0.01) and alcohol consumption (p = 0.03) levels. The different components of burnout (emotional fatigue and despersonalization) were associated with the occurrence of anxiety (OR = 0.31) and depression (OR = 0.26), respectively. A strong purpose in life decreased emotional fatigue (OR = −0.39) depersonalization (OR = −0.23) scores, increased personal accomplishment (OR = 0.52), subsequently reducing burnout levels (OR = −0.45).ConclusionsPurpose in life was most strongly related to decreased levels of burnout. Furthermore, an association between anxiety, depression and the components of burnout was found.

Limited knowledge on dementia biomarkers in Latin American and Caribbean (LAC) countries remains a serious barrier. Here, we reported a survey to explore the ongoing work, needs, interests, potential barriers, and opportunities for future studies related to biomarkers. The results show that neuroimaging is the most used biomarker (73%), followed by genetic studies (40%), peripheral fluids biomarkers (31%), and cerebrospinal fluid biomarkers (29%). Regarding barriers in LAC, lack of funding appears to undermine the implementation of biomarkers in clinical or research settings, followed by insufficient infrastructure and training. The survey revealed that despite the above barriers, the region holds a great potential to advance dementia biomarkers research. Considering the unique contributions that LAC could make to this growing field, we highlight the urgent need to expand biomarker research. These insights allowed us to propose an action plan that addresses the recommendations for a biomarker framework recently proposed by regional experts.

This study examined the impact of the Abriendo Puertas parent education program among a large sample of low-income, Latino parents and caregivers of preschool children. In all, 922 parents were randomly assigned to the program ( n = 468) or a waitlist control group ( n = 454). Pretest data and posttest data (5-6 weeks postintervention) from parents (86.4% response rate) were collected from both the treatment and control groups. At each time point, parents reported on their knowledge, attitudes, and behaviors related to enhancing their children’s school readiness. Confirmatory factor analyses were conducted to assess the factorial validity of each survey scale, and path analyses were conducted to compare the outcomes of the treatment and control groups. In addition, to assess fade-out of program affects among treatment parents, follow-up data were collected 3 months postintervention. Intent-to-treat analyses found that, compared with the control group, the treatment group adopted parenting practices that enhanced preschool children’s preparation for school, gained knowledge about high-quality early child care and education settings, improved their ability to set goals for their children, and gained an appreciation for their role as models for their children. No differences were found between the control and treatment groups on parenting practices related to emotional expression, parental advocacy, or healthy behaviors. Results indicate that the Abriendo Puertas program improved parents’ and caregivers’ knowledge, attitudes, and behaviors. Results of this evaluation help build the evidence base on culturally relevant parenting programs for Latino parents of preschoolers.

El objetivo de esta investigación fue determinar la ecología parasitaria en el cherlo Acanthistius pictus (Tschudi, 1845). Entre los meses de enero a marzo del 2017 fueron colectados 73 especímenes de A. pictus procedentes de Paita, Piura, Perú. Los peces fueron necropsiados para la búsqueda de parásitos, los cuales fueron colectados y conservados en alcohol etílico al 70%. Fue calculada la prevalencia (P%), abundancia media (AM) e intensidad media (IM) de infección de cada especie parásita, así como también el grado de dispersión, la diversidad alfa y el nivel de asociación de la longitud total (LT), sexo y los índices parasitológicos. El 78% de los peces estuvieron parasitados por al menos una especie parasita. La comunidad parasitaria estuvo compuesta por el monogeneo Microcotyle sp. (P=6,85, AM=0,38, IM=5,60), cestodo Lacistorhynchus tenuis (P=1,37, AM=0,07, IM=5,0), acantocéfalo Corynosoma australe (P=8,22, AM=0,19, IM=2,33) y copépodos Caligus aff. dubius (P= 56,16, AM= 1,60, IM=2,85), Lepeophtheirus chilensis. (P=6,85, AM=0,12, IM=1,80), Acanthochondria sp. (P=1,37, AM=0,01, IM=1,00) y Caligidae gen. sp. (P= 4,11, AM= 0.16, IM=4,0). Únicamente la prevalencia de infección de Caligus aff. dubius se encontró relacionada de manera positiva con la LT de A. pictus. No se encontró asociación entre el sexo de A. pictus y la P, AM y IM de la parasitofauna. La diversidad alfa de la comunidad parasitaria señaló una equidad y dominancia intermedia. Este es el primer estudio del aspecto ecológico de la fauna parasitaria de A. pictus y los primeros registros de las especies parásitas en A. pictus.

Introducción: Los pacientes con Patología Dual se caracterizan por una presentación clínica heterogénea, más severa y difícil de tratar. Debido a la frecuente asociación de ambas patologías se postula la existencia de vías neurobiológicas comunes. Objetivo: Revisar la bibliografía existente acerca de la neurobiología de la Patología Dual en Pubmed con las palabras clave: Dual Disorders, Dual Pathology, co-occurring disorders, concurrent disorders y Neurobiology o Neurobiological aspects, para conocer los avances que se tienen a este respecto. Se incluyeron solo los artículos y textos que trataran el tema específico Neurobiología de la Patología Dual. Desarrollo del tema: El presente artículo expone la relación que existe entre los trastornos mentales y los trastornos por uso de sustancias en los substratos neurobiológicos dopaminérgico, glutamatérgico, gabaérgico, opioide, endocannabinoide y colinérgico-nicotínico. Conclusiones: Las vías de vulnerabilidad biológicas descritas juegan un rol central para el desarrollo de la patología dual, posiblemente resultado de alteraciones comunes en el neurodesarrollo. Este enfoque de vías neurobiológicas comunes permitirá abrir nuevos campos de investigación sobre la fisiopatología de la Patología Dual, y proveer nuevos blancos para su prevención y tratamiento.

Submitted by Sarah Eloisa Scholz Dias Sales (sarah.dias@unila.edu.br) on 2019-02-18T13:02:59Z No. of bitstreams: 1 2018_11_30_ANAIS_SIEPE-34-37.pdf: 65975 bytes, checksum: a7bb6b096a0a607b9bf0a9f4dcec13ca (MD5) Made available in DSpace on 2019-02-18T13:02:59Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 2018_11_30_ANAIS_SIEPE-34-37.pdf: 65975 bytes, checksum: a7bb6b096a0a607b9bf0a9f4dcec13ca (MD5) Previous issue date: 2018-11-30 Presentar la experiencia de capacitación en producción radial comunitaria direccionada a grupos jóvenes y adultos do Movimento dos Pequenos Produtores (MPA), para o fortalecimiento social e organizacional en la región norte do Rio Grande do Sul.

The responses of college student participants who were in the process of transitioning through emerging adulthood were examined so that the relationships among the characteristics of their families, their relationships with their parents, the perceptions that they hold currently about their parents, and their current functioning could be described. Results of this study suggested that particular characteristics of families are related highly to characteristics of the parent-adult child relationship during emerging adulthood. Further, the findings of this study suggested that different outcomes for adult children during emerging adulthood were predicted by characteristics of the parent-adult child relationship. Such findings may allow clinicians to remediate poor relationships and to encourage more fulfilling relationships between adult children and their parents.

College students and a subsample of their mothers and fathers participated in a study examining their retrospective reports of childhood emotional and behavioral problems experienced by college students. College students and their mothers and fathers exhibited moderate correspondence in their recollection of internalizing and externalizing problems that college students experienced during their childhood. In contrast, college students tended to endorse significantly greater levels of both internalizing and externalizing problems relative to their mothers and fathers. Current psychological symptoms predicted the greater endorsement of childhood internalizing and externalizing problems by college students and the greater endorsement of college students' childhood internalizing problems by their mothers. Further, college students' current perceptions of their parents predicted their endorsement of childhood internalizing problems, and college students' current masculinity and femininity predicted their endorsement of childhood externalizing problems. Results of this study emphasized the importance of noting factors that may be related to retrospective reports.

The amount of community violence that children and adolescents are exposedtois unsettling. Intensifying the issue, the amount of community violence that is wit-nessed or experienced directly by children and adolescents is increasing with time. It has been documented that children and adolescents who are exposed to community violence display a wide array of psychological symptoms, ranging from depression and anxiety to antisocial and suicidal behaviors. Many variables have been studied in an attempt to determine correlates, moderators, and mediators of exposure to community violence. Furthermore, many intervention strategies have been developed from the discovery of relationships among these variables. Despite these efforts, many children continue to suffer from the negative effects of exposure to community violence. The purpose of this article is to encourage mental health professionals to mobilize their efforts to help children, adolescents, and their families cope with the effects of community violence.

Human endometrium regenerates on a cyclic basis from candidate stem/progenitors whose genetic programs are yet to be determined. A subpopulation of endometrial stromal cells, displaying key properties of mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs), has been characterized. The endometrial MSC (eMSC) is likely the precursor of the endometrial stromal fibroblast. The goal of this study was to determine the transcriptome and signaling pathways in the eMSC to understand its functional phenotype. Endometrial stromal cells from oocyte donors (n = 20) and patients undergoing benign gynecologic surgery (n = 7) were fluorescence-activated cell sorted into MCAM (CD146)(+)/PDGFRB(+) (eMSC), MCAM (CD146)(-)/PDGFRB(+) (fibroblast), and MCAM (CD146)(+)/PDGFRB(-) (endothelial) populations. The eMSC population contained clonogenic cells with a mesenchymal phenotype differentiating into adipocytes when cultured in adipogenic medium. Gene expression profiling using Affymetrix Human Gene 1.0 ST arrays revealed 762 and 1518 significantly differentially expressed genes in eMSCs vs. stromal fibroblasts and eMSCs vs. endothelial cells, respectively. By principal component and hierarchical clustering analyses, eMSCs clustered with fibroblasts and distinctly from endothelial cells. Endometrial MSCs expressed pericyte markers and were localized by immunofluorescence to the perivascular space of endometrial small vessels. Endometrial MSCs also expressed genes involved in angiogenesis/vasculogenesis, steroid hormone/hypoxia responses, inflammation, immunomodulation, cell communication, and proteolysis/inhibition, and exhibited increased Notch, TGFB, IGF, Hedgehog, and G-protein-coupled receptor signaling pathways, characteristic of adult tissue MSC self-renewal and multipotency. Overall, the data support the eMSC as a clonogenic, multipotent pericyte that displays pathways of self-renewal and lineage specification, the potential to respond to conditions during endometrial desquamation and regeneration, and a genetic program predictive of its differentiated lineage, the stromal fibroblast.

There exists a global crisis in the management of water generating a necessity for the search of sustainable alternatives. These can be mechanisms such as Payments for Hydrological Environmental Services (pes), economic tools that promote the conservation of bodies of water from the change in the paradigm of use and conservation in societies. A documented review was conducted on the implementation of PES in four countries of Latin America —Colombia, Mexico, Costa Rica, and Ecuador— to identify tools in environmental management, with the objective of proposing guidelines that optimize the application of mechanisms in Colombia. This optimization is to be achieved through a recompilation of the experiences in the development and integral analysis of these mechanisms within the social, normative, economic, and institutional context.