Search

Meningitis is a condition caused by the inflammation of the meninges. Meningitis can be caused by bacteria, viruses, fungi, parasites, and amebic. Interestingly some meningitis is infectious, while other is non-infectious. The non-infectious causes of meningitis are autoimmune illnesses, cancer/paraneoplastic syndromes, and medication responses. There are several risk factors associated with meningitis, like a defect in the dural, alcoholism, age, medical condition, some kind of exposure, and so on. Since meningitis is a serious and delicate condition, the need of several screening models is required to validate meningitis. These models depend on thematical calculations like regression models, multiple regression models, and logistic models, and some animal models are also there for meningitis. Hence, here we discussed meningitis and models briefly.

Epilepsy is a severe neurological illness characterized by abnormal, recurring, and synchronized brain discharges. Long-term recurring seizure attacks can cause substantial brain function loss, as seen in people with temporal lobe epilepsy. Controlling seizure events is critical for epilepsy therapy and prognosis. The disease is more common in developing countries than in developed countries. The causes of epilepsy include chemical imbalances such as low blood sugar or sodium, head injuries, drug abuse or withdrawal, alcohol withdrawal, stroke tumor affecting the blood vessels (vascular system) in the brain, hardening of the arteries (atherosclerosis) in the brain, brain tumours, and brain infections such as meningitis or encephalitis. Given the prevalence of epilepsy and the challenges associated with currently available antiepileptic medicines, such as side effects, resistance, safety concerns, and high cost, screening models are utilized in epilepsy analysis. Screening models for seizures and epilepsy have been critical in expanding our understanding of the fundamental mechanisms underlying ictogenesis and epileptogenesis, as well as in the discovery and preclinical development of novel antiepileptic medicines (AEDs). Diverse screening models of epilepsy have been developed in recent years to imitate various seizure forms, with no clear advantages or disadvantages. In this study, we will cover the numerous screening models for epilepsy, which will aid in gaining a better understanding of the disease.

There is a number of Synthetic (allopathic) drugs which are used in the treatment of mental disorders, they are helpful but synthetic drugs also have lots of side effects with monetary problem. The Ayurveda has a long tradition of treating mental disorders. Herbal drugs are playing a significant role in the health care agendas worldwide, mostly due to the general faith that they are without any side effects, besides being contemptible and locally available. Recently there is a recovery of an interest in herbal medicines for the management of different aliments including CNS disorders. Experimental screening of ethanolic extracts of Stem & root of Amaranthus spinosus for brain disorders was done by Anti-stress activity (Swimming endurance test, Anoxia stress tolerance test and Immobilization stress test) Nootropic activity (Elevated plus maze and the Morris water maze). It was concluded that the hydro alcoholic extract of Amaranthus spinosus stem & root (200, 400 mg/kg) has anti-stress and nootropic activity in dose dependent manner.

Due to the inflammatory state associated with uraemia, diagnosing iron deficiency using currently available assays is difficult in individuals with chronic kidney disease (CKD). The goal of this study was to see how useful reticulocyte haemoglobin (CHr) is as a diagnostic tool for iron deficiency and a predictor of intravenous iron therapy in a group of CKD patients in Sri Lanka who were on haemodialysis. A hundred (100) individuals with CKD on regular haemodialysis and erythropoietin participated in this descriptive cross-sectional study. Serum ferritin, transferrin saturation, and reticulocyte haemoglobin were used to divide patients into groups (CHr). A single dose of intravenous (IV) iron 500 mg was given to all individuals with CHr

Infection with the SARS-CoV-2 virus induces coagulation and stimulates the innate immune system. In ICU patients with COVID-19, nothing is known regarding coagulopathy and the response of inflammation and infection. The effects of SARS-CoV-2 infection on coagulation, infection, and inflammatory indicators, as well as their relationships, were studied. The study took place in Naraina Medical College and Research Centre, a dedicated COVID-19 referral hospital in Northern India, from April to August 2021. This study only included COVID-19 positive hospitalised cases with RT-PCR confirmation. All blood samples were examined for haematological, coagulation, and inflammatory indicators, and mean results were compared between the three patient groups. All patients had elevated d-dimer and FDP levels, notably non-survivors, who had prolonged PT, APTT, INR, and TT, as well as lower PTA and AT, as compared to survivors. Non-survivors were more likely to develop SIC and DIC. All patients' CRP, ESR, serum ferritin, IL-8, and IL-2R levels increased.

L-Homoserine Kinase is crucial in the biosynthesis of Threonine, Isoleucine, and Methionine. Using computational tools herein, we provide new insight into the catalytic mechanism of L-homoserine kinase, showing a direct involvement of H139 as a catalytic base, in contrast to the previous consensus, where no involvement of a catalytic base was proposed. The proposed mechanism agrees with the finding that an H138L mutation reduces the Kinase activity but enhances a promiscuous function as ATPase activity

background: The Sensor Nodes (SNs) are deployed in an environment where human beings are not able to perform the tasks. Wireless Sensor Network (WSN) is used for applications in security, military surveillance, habitat monitoring, agriculture, etc. All these applications require SNs to have good battery backup so that they can perform for a long duration. Recent research shows that agent-based strategies increase the efficiency of WSN in comparison to conventional WSN in which every SN is static. During the current pandemic of Covid-19, various public resources, such as train, bus, hotels, etc., were used for isolating the Covid-19 patients. In a similar way, the ship helps to keep humans away from each other. method: In the current work, WSN has been deployed on a ship to monitor the health of Covid-19 patients. A 109 m long ship with 12.8 m altitude and 23 m width along with 6 decks has been considered. The SNs have been deployed on different floors of the modern ship. Six decks have been considered, and on each deck, 50 SNs have been deployed. A Drone-driven Mobile Agent (DMA) routing strategy has been proposed. DMA is a software program that moves across the network around the SNs and collects information from wearable sensors, such as body temperature, SpO2, etc. DMA is capable of aggregating and delivering the data packets to the base station for further processing. DMA performs information processing, local processing, and collaborative signaling. DMA can move randomly or in fixed locations. result: Results have been compared with multi-sink and mobile sink strategies, which reveal that the proposed and simulated technique enhances the life span and throughput of the network to monitor Covid-19 patients effectively. conclusion: Results revealed the proposed technique to enhance the lifetime (DMA-fixed: 11633 rounds and DMA-random: 11740 rounds) and throughput (DMA-fixed: 148788 packets sent and DMA-random: 150008 packets sent) of the network.

The stomach plays an important role in the digestion of the things we consume. This part of the body can withstand a wide range of harmful substances, such as hydrochloric acid, alcohol, refluxed bile salts, and other irritants. Upper abdominal pain may be a symptom of a gastrointestinal disorder known as Peptic Ulcer if you eat an unhealthy diet, smoke, drink too much alcohol, or take NSAIDs on a regular basis. You may also have a sedentary lifestyle. Today, gastric hyperacidity and gastroduodenal ulcers are very common problems all over the world. In this article, the author tries to give an overview of the in vivo and in vitro screening models that have been used in different laboratories and their validation during the past few decades to carry out such investigations, along with the underlying mechanisms of ulcer induction in each approach. The goal is to educate of the various experimental models available for conducting novel investigations to gain further knowledge in context to peptic ulcers.

Cancers are characterized by uncontrolled cell division and the development of metastatic qualities. The reason for the cause of cancer can be intrinsic factors like oncogenes, external factors like radiation, certain chemical exposure, etc., or biological like infection from certain viruses, bacteria. Hence, because of these factors, 200 different forms of cancer exist making cancer a leading of death and major health problem even in the present world. However, the lack of a comprehensive understanding of cancer biology in the modern period is a significant impediment to studying cancer tumour formation, invasion, and metastasis. Hence, cancer models can be crucial in removing that impediment and can give us a better understanding of the cancers because even in the 21st-century cancer is still an unsolved puzzle and with cancer models like in vivo models, In-vitro models and computerized models a better understanding can be achieved.

l-Homoserine kinase is crucial in the biosynthesis of l-threonine, l-isoleucine, and l-methionine, where it catalyzes ATP-dependent phosphorylation of l-homoserine (Hse) to yield l-homoserine phosphate as its native activity.

Oral cancer is the most common form of carcinoma of oral cavity and ranks as the 12th most common cancer in the world. Oral cancer is one of the major social & health problems in India and Indian subcontinent countries. Tobacco use in different forms is the main etiological factor for oral carcinoma. (i) To define relations of oral cancer with respect to gender, age group, socioeconomic status and risk habits; (ii) To observe the distribution of affected oral cavity sites and observe the clinical profile in oral cancer patients. A cross-sectional study of 340 oral cancer patients from January 2019 to December 2019 was carried out in Department of oncology & radiotherapy, JA Group of hospital, G. R. Medical Gwalior, Madhya Pradesh India. Details of patient's sex, age, tobacco habit and site of cancer and status were noted. Data were analyzed by probability of patient with risk factors and chi-squire (χ) test. The prevalence of oral cancer was significantly (p < 0.001) higher in males (91.5.9%) than females (8.5%). In both the sexes, most affected sites were the buccal mucosa and gingivo-buccal sulcus. However, the consuming form of tobacco was found to be significantly associated with oral cancer, in both sex. The study revealed that oral cancer is more common in men, probably due to habit of large tobacco consumption.

Globally, Breast Cancer is mostly detecting in women’s due to family history, obesity, irregular menstruation, intake of alcohol/tobacco, etc. When uncontrollable grow of cells in breast which turns into cancer, occur at lobules or duct of breast. Various indications are seen like – appearance of lumps, swelling, size & color of breast is change, unusual discharge, etc. Breast cancer can be diagnosis by oneself by doing some physical activity and by advance modern technology can help to detect the cancerous cells. Mammography and Sonography is the initial diagnosing method to detect the cancer cells without any incision or inserting tools into the breast. Doctors or trained healthcare observe the tumor i.e. it’s benign or malignant after that screening model is use to confirmation of the tumor.

The adaptability of the active site to amplify the secondary function is supposed to be the fundamental cause of the promiscuity and the evolution of new functions in enzymes. In most cases, mutations occur close to the active site and/or in the catalytic site to change the active site plasticity to accommodate the non-native substrate. In the present study, using MD simulations and hybrid QM/MM calculations, we have shown a way to enhance the promiscuity, i. e., the allostery-driven promiscuity. Using a case study of the AEE enzyme where the capping loop recognizes the substrate, herein, we show that a single site mutation (D321G) far from the capping loop can induce a large conformational change in the capping loop to recognize different substrates for different functions. The QM/MM calculations for the WT and mutated enzyme provide a first validation of the mechanism of 1,1-proton transfer and dehydration by the AEE enzyme. Since AEE epimerase possesses a highly conserved TIM-barrel fold, we believe that our study provides a crucial lead to understanding the mechanism of emergence of secondary function which can be useful to repurpose ancient enzymes for modern usage.

Assistive devices and technology reduce a person's dependency on others while also improving the overall quality. Wheelchairs, visual aids, hearing aids, and specialist computer software and hardware systems help the elderly and disabled improve their hearing, vision, mobility, and communication. Assistive technology, for example, provides enormous opportunity to improve the effectiveness of both health and social care delivery. 'Low-tech' products like memory aides and digital calendars, as well as 'high-tech' items like health tracking gadgets and wearables, are examples of assistive technologies. Assistive devices can be used to improve quality of life, improve lifestyle, and boost independence, depending on the type of device. Patient and caregiver acceptance of technology is influenced by a variety of factors, including perceived skills and competencies in utilizing the device, expectancies, trust, and reliability.

Endovascular thrombectomy (ET) has become the standard of stroke care for large vessel occlusion acute ischemic stroke (AIS) involving the anterior circulation. With continued eligibility expansion, the demand for neuro-intervention is growing. Current estimates indicate inadequate supply of interventionalists. However, there is limited data describing the number of interventionalists per hospital in the US, and correlations with outcomes.We used Medicare 100% sample datasets and included all AIS admissions from 2018 to 2019, using validated International Classification of Diseases, 10th Revision, Clinical Modification codes to identify AIS and comorbidities. We utilized National Provider Identifier codes to identify distinct interventionalists at the hospital. We examined outcomes at the hospital level, including percent of AIS treated with thrombolysis, percent of AIS with inpatient mortality, percent of AIS with discharge home, and percent of AIS with death within 30 days.Among 471,427 AIS admissions, 16,253 received ET over the 2-year period of the study. Only 683 of 4576 AIS-treating institutions provided ET (14.9%). These ET centers most frequently only had one interventionalist performing ET and were clustered in large metropolitan areas with high AIS volumes. As AIS volumes, ET volumes, and mean NIHSS scores increased, so did the number of interventionalists. With each additional interventionalist, there was an increased likelihood of poor outcomes including inpatient mortality, discharge home, and 30-day mortality.We confirmed a relative lack of neuro-interventionalists among US hospitals, with a concentration of interventionalists in urban, high-volume centers. The greater likelihood of poor outcomes associated with increasing number of interventionalists is likely due to increasing complexity and severity of cases at high-volume ET centers, but further study is needed.

Type II Diabetes mellitus (NIDDM) is a complex and metabolic disease that affects and presents a serious health problem for more than 100 million people around the world. Genetics and the environment are the variables which affect NIDDM. Reasonable screening models of animals will easily understand the pharmacological screening of different therapeutic agents. NIDDM animal models are acquired either naturally or caused by chemical reagents or by dietary, surgical or combination manipulation. A significant number of new genetically engineered animal models, including knock-out, transgenic, and tissue-specific knockout mice, have been designed for the Diabetes mellitus (D.M.) research in the past year. With regard to their characteristic characteristics and processes by which they arise, this analysis focuses on the animal models of NIDDM. In addition, this analysis explicitly discusses the optimal selection and use of various animal screening models for the treatment of NIDDM in preclinical research.

The purpose of the present work is to prolong the gastric residence time of Lornoxicam by developing gastric floating drug delivery system. Lornoxicam is non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs. Its short half life 2 to 3 hrs and maximal absorption of upper part of gastrointestinal tract. The residence time of the dosage form in the stomach depends upon various factors like pH, size of the dosage form, food intake, and biological factors which include age, body weight gender, posture, and diseased states Floating tablet prepared by melt granulation techniques, using bees wax as a binder and the other polymers include HPMC 50cPs,15cPs,5cPs and Sodium Alginate. The Prepared granules were then evaluated for Precompression Properties. The best batches were then tabulated, and Evaluation was carried out for the following parameters with in vitro release, buoyancy, Floating Lag timed. Batch F12 and F13 Showed best Floating time of 12hrs and Floating Lag time of 60 second.

Floating drug delivery system was to organize the recent journalism with unique focus on the principal mechanism of floatation to achieve gastric retention. The recent developments of FDDS including the physiological and formulation variables affecting gastric retention, approaches to design single unit and multiple unit floating systems. In the recent decades, there have been numerous attempts to overcome the barrier like short gastric residence times and unpredictable gastric emptying times. This review also summarizes the in –vitro technique of evaluation, all the pre-formulation and post formulation evaluations criteria. These systems are useful to several problems encountered during the development of pharmaceutical dosage form. In this review, the technologies of formulation and mechanism of drug release, advantage, application in drug delivery of floating systems are discussed.

Oral sub-mucous fibrosis (OSF) is a chronic, insidious disease which might affect the oral cavity (oral mucosa) including pharynx and larynx. Numerous approaches and anticancer molecules have been explored in the literature to treat OSF with different modes of action. However, complete cure for OSF is limited due to the lack of an ideal carrier for safe and effective delivery of potent drug moieties. There are several challenges such as anatomical or histological barriers and appropriate animal model need to be explored and optimized to develop the efficient treatment for oral sub-mucous fibrosis. Constant progression in the development of new formulations has led to the effective management of the disease associated with the mucosa using mucosal or muco-adhesive drug delivery systems. Muco-adhesive drug delivery systems (such as gel and patches) have gained unique position as drug cargoes. Therefore, present review is an attempt to contemplate on OSF in terms of pathogenesis, currently available treatment shaving their mode of action, major challenges encountered during treatment, usefulness/feasibility of muco-adhesive dosage forms, opportunities/future scope of muco-adhesive drug delivery in OSF and recent developments in the delivery of various anti-cancer drugs in the treatment of OSF.

Wound is known as disruption in the integrity of a tissue. The mechanisms of regeneration and tissue repair consist of a series of molecular and cellular events that occur after the onset of a tissue lesion to rebuild the damaged tissue. The remodelling phases of the exudative, proliferative, and extracellular matrix are concurrent events that occur through the interaction of complex processes involving soluble mediators, blood cells and parenchymal cells. Exudative phenomena that occur after injury, lead to tissue edema growth. The proliferative stage aims to minimize the area of tissue damage by myofibroblasts and fibroplasia contracting. Angiogenesis and reepithelialisation processes can still be observed at this point. Endothelial cells are capable of differentiating into mesenchymal components and this distinction seems to be finely coordinated by a series of signalling proteins. Many of the medicines available today is derived from natural sources. Flavonoids are essential components of the human diet apart from their physiological functions in plants, even though they are not considered as nutrients. In this review, naturally occurring flavonoid is discussed which occur in citrus fruits, vegetables, nuts, and beverages like coffee, tea, and red wine, and also in medical herbs. They exhibit different pharmacological actions, like antioxidant, anti-allergic, anti-bacterial, anti-inflammatory, anti-mutagenic and anti-cancer activity. One of the flavanones is Naringenin which is the ordinary dietary poly-phenolic constituent of the citrus fruits (grapefruit and oranges) and vegetables. It is beneficial in various neurological, cardiovascular, gastrointestinal, rheumatological, metabolic, malignant disorders, and functionally, this ameliorative effect of naringenin is primarily attributed to its anti-inflammatory (via inhibiting staffing of cytokines and inflammatory transcription factors) and anti-oxidant (via scavenging of free radicals, bolstering of endogenous antioxidant defence system and metal ion chelation) effects

Nanoparticles are an emerging field of modern science. It is solid colloidal particles. They consist of micro molecular materials in which the active ingredients is dissolved, entrapped or encapsulated or adsorbed or attached. The size of nanoparticles ranges from 1 to 100 nm. It can be synthesized chemically or biologically. Nanoparticles are used in various purposes like in drug delivery, in food, in medicine, in cosmetics etc. There are lots of advantages of nanomedicine over other dosage form. Nanoparticles show high solubility as well as higher bioavailability on site of action. This review focuses on synthesis, biosynthesis, types, application, advantage, disadvantage, limitation of nanoparticle.

Introduction:A pinguecula is a yellowish non malignant lump that develops on the conjunctiva. It is Common degenerative condition of the conjunctiva, Yellowish white patch on the bulbar conjunctiva near the limbus. It swelled up due to deposition of fat, calcium,and protein will cause irritation leading to pingueculitis. Pingueculitis is the condition where the pinguecula remain inflamed and is vascularised. In our samhitas there is no direct reference available regarding the symptoms of Pingueculitis but by studying SushrutSmahita the sings, symptoms and aetiologyof PistakNetrarogamuch correlated with Pingueculitis. According to Acharya Shuhrut and YogratnakarRaktamokshanaand the treatment of kaphabhishanda useful in pistak. Aim:To Study the Role of Jaloukavacharana in the Management ofPistaka (Pingueculitis). Objectives:To study the role of jalokavacharana to reducing the sign and symptom of pistaka with special reference to pingueculitis. Methodology – 1) Nidanparivarjana 2) Ahara -Vihara 3)Jaloukavcharana procedure. Result: The procedure Jaloukavacharanato reduce the sign and symptom ofpistak(pingueculitis). Conclucion:Ayurvedic procedure like Jaloukavacharnacan help inpistak (pingueculitis).

A mild strategy for consecutive diazenylation and amination of indole moieties has been demonstrated. The functionalization occurs at C3 and C2 carbon atoms, respectively, at the indole scaffold in the presence of catalytic iodine and air at 40 °C in the 1,1,1,3,3,3-hexafluoroisopropanol (HFIP) solvent. It is noteworthy that the aromatic amines are generated in situ by the reaction of aryl hydrazine with iodine. In general, bright red products are obtained in moderate to good yield. Control reactions are conducted to establish the reaction mechanism.

The complete nucleotide sequence and genome organization of soybean yellow mottle mosaic virus severe strain causing bright yellow mosaic, mottling and puckering symptoms in soybean (Glycine max) from India was determined. The monopartite single stranded genomic RNA is 3974 nuclotides long and has the potential to encode six viral proteins viz., p25, p83, p8, p10, p39 and p25. The SYMMV-Sb isolate differed from mungbean strain with 69 nucleotides and nine aminoacids dispersed over the various ORFs. Comparative sequence analysis revealed that SYMMV-Sb shared 98% nt sequence identity at complete genome level and 96–100% at all ORFs level with SYMMV mungbean strain from India and 71–92% identity with SYMMV Korean soybean isolate, whereas it showed very low sequence identity with other tombusviridae members (2–53%). The phylogenetic analysis showed the clustering of SYMMV-Sb along with other members of genus Gammacarmovirus. The SYMMV-Sb isolate produced chlorotic blotches, mild and veinal mottling, necrosis and puckering symptoms in various leguminous host plants. The symptomatalogy of the soybean isolate was differed from mungbean strain as earlier induced severe symptoms on soybean and mild symptoms on mungbean. SUPPLEMENTARY INFORMATION: The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1007/s13205-021-02925-2.

The smart health paradigms employ Internet-connected wearables for tele-monitoring, diagnosis providing inexpensive healthcare solutions. Mist computing reduces latency and increases throughput by processing data near the edge of the network. In the present paper, we proposed a secure mist Computing architecture that is validated on recently released public geospatial health dataset. Results and discussion support the efficacy of proposed architecture for smart geospatial health applications. The present research paper proposed SoA-Mist i.e. a three-tier secure framework for efficient management of geospatial health data with the use of mist devices. It proposed the security aspects in client layer, mist layer, fog layer and cloud layer. It has defined the prototype development by using win-win spiral model with use case and sequence diagram. Overlay analysis has been performed with the developed framework on malaria vector borne disease positive maps of Maharastra state in India from 2011 to 2014 in mobile clients as test case. Finally, It concludes with the comparison analysis of cloud based framework and proposed SoA-Mist framework.

Research on the classification of the different categories of small peptides is becoming a challenge for bioinformatics domain. However, machine learning models have shown their potential to tackle such applications. We propose a multi-class random forest (MCRF) classifier to classify small peptides which is compared with state-of-art classifiers including, support vector machine with RBF kernel (SVM+RBF), naive Bayes (NB), Decision Tree (C5.0), Random Forest (RF). Small peptides sequences are selected from ARA-PEPs repository (Hazarika, et al., 2017) where 13748 small peptides are listed with six categories (i.e., secreted, sORF, stress-induced peptides (SIP), secreted-sORF, sORF-SIP, SIP-secreted). Total 27 features are fetched for each small peptides sequence to prepare data. Comparison is done using metrics i.e., F-Value, Sensitivity, Specificity, ROC, and FP rate with some statistical validation i.e., Kappa Statistics and Wilcoxon sign ranked test. Results of this study show that the proposed classifier has potential to accurately classify multi-level imbalanced data.

Background: Under five children constitute the most vulnerable segment and their nutritional status and mortality rate is a sensitive indicator of the community’s health and nutrition. Health indices of slum children are worst among all urban groups and are even poorer than rural average.Methods: A community based cross-sectional study was conducted from October 2019 to January 2020 in urban slum area of Gwalior city. Data were collected from 550 mothers of children aged 6-60 months using pre-tested semi structured questionnaires and measuring weight, height and mid upper arm circumference of the children.Results: 68.36% of 550 children were having under nutrition in the form of underweight (53.09%), wasting (22.18%) and stunting (59.45%). Maximum number of underweight children belongs to age group 24-60 months (64.54%) followed by

Geospatial data analysis with the help of cloud and fog computing is one of the emerging areas for processing, storing, and analysis of geospatial data. Mist computing is also one of the paradigms where fog devices help to reduce the latency period and increase throughput for assisting at the near of edge device of the client. It discusses the emergence of mist computing for mining analytics in geospatial big data from geospatial application. This paper developed a mist computing-based framework for mining analytics from geospatial big data. We developed MistGIS framework for Ganga River Management System using mist computing. It built a prototype using Raspberry Pi, an embedded microprocessor. The developed MistGIS framework has validated by doing preliminary analysis including K-means clustering and overlay analysis. The results showed that mist computing can assist the fog and cloud computing hold an immense promise for analysis of big data in geospatial application particularly in the management of Ganga River Basin.

In this paper, facial expression recognition (FER) system is presented using eigenvector to recognize expressions from facial images. One of the distance metric approaches called Euclidean distance is used to discover the distance of the facial features which was associated with each of the face images. A comprehensive, efficient model using a multilayer perceptron has been advanced whose input is a 2D facial spatial feature vector incorporating left eye, right eye, lips, nose, and lips and nose together. The expression recognition definiteness of the proposed methodology using multilayer perceptron model has been compared with J48 decision tree and support vector machine. The final result shows that the designed model is very efficacious in recognizing six facial emotions. The proposed methodology shows that the recognition rate is far better than J48 and support vector machine.

Extensive use of hexavalent chromium [Cr(VI)] in leather tanning, stainless-steel production, wood preservatives and electroplating industries has resulted in widespread environmental pollution and poses a serious threat to human health. A plant's response to Cr(VI) stress results in growth inhibition and toxicity leading to changes in components of antioxidant systems. In a previous study, we observed that a large number of glutathione S-transferase (GST) genes were up-regulated under Cr(VI) stress in rice. In this study, two rice root-specific Tau class GST genes (OsGSTU30 and OsGSTU41) were introduced into yeast (Schizosaccharomyces pombe). Transformed yeast cells overexpressing OsGSTU30 and OsGSTU41 had normal growth, but had much higher levels of GST activities and showed enhanced resistance to Cr(VI) as compared to control cells (transformed with empty vector). Also, a higher accumulation of chromium was found in the transformed yeast cells as compared to the control cells. Manipulation of glutathione biosynthesis by exogenous application of buthionine sulfoximine abolishes the protective effect of OsGSTs against Cr(VI) stress. These results suggest that Tau class OsGSTs play a significant role in detoxification of Cr(VI), probably by chelating and sequestrating glutathione-Cr(VI) complexes into vacuoles.

BACKGROUND: Pancytopenia is an important clinicohematological entity having varying presentations and underlying cause ranging from megaloblastic anemia to fatal bone marrow aplasia and leukemias. Underlying pathology determines the treatment and prognosis.In majority of cases it is megaloblastic anemia which is readily treatable. OBJECTIVE: In our country causes of pancytopenia are not very well defined especially in Central India, so the present study has been undertaken to evaluate various causes and to correlate the peripheral blood finding with bone marrow. MATERIAL AND METHOD: It was a retrospective study of 155 cases presented with pancytopenia and evaluated clinically with hematological parameters and bone marrow aspiration in Department of Pathology, Gandhi Medical College, Bhopal during the period 2009-2012. RESULTS: Among 155 cases studied, age ranged from 2-80 years with mean age of 28 years with preponderance in male under 14 years age and female in 20-40 years age group. Generalised weakness and pallor were noted in all cases. Other common presentations were fever followed by bleeding manifestations. Splenomegaly was more common followed by hepatomegaly. Majority of patients had severe anemia, haemoglobin

Sentiment analysis and opinion mining is an emerging area of research for analysing web data and capturing the sentiment of the users. This research presents sentiments analysis on Indian movie review corpus using machine learning classifier. Bayesian Classifier has been used in this study for testing feature selection mechanics. This classifier is trained on the words/features of the corpus extracted using five feature selection algorithms (Chi-square, Info-gain, Gain-Ratio, One-R and relief attribute) and a comparative study have been performed amongst them. The classifier and feature selection approaches were evaluated by two different metrics (F-Value, and False Positive). Results of this study show that: for maximum number of features, Relief-F feature selection approach is found to be good with better F-value, Low FP Rate. In addition for the less number of features, One-R was better than Relief-F. This electronic document is a “live” template and already defines the components of your paper [title, text, heads, etc.] in its style sheet.

This paper proposes a system that classifies textual images (images that encounter text within) using low-level image features. Image classification and content based image retrieval is a growing field in the area of image classification. In this paper, the approach is based on various low-level image features including GLCM features like mean, skewness, energy, contrast, homogeneity. Using these various features, the differences between images are measured, and then these are used to classify the textual images by performing classification and clustering techniques on datasets. The proposed method experimented on 60 different textual images to obtain an improved result that was not obtained in earlier systems along with classification of images in three main categories: document, scene and caption.