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The present study investigated the hepatoprotective effects of seabuckthorn (Hippophae rhamnoides) leaf-extract (SLE) supplementation in lead acetate-intoxicated Wistar rats. Adult male Wistar rats...

This research trial is aimed to study the nutritional qualities and significance of feeding spent marigold flower meal (SMFM) in goats. SMFM and diet containing iso-nitrogenous concentrate mixture with different levels of spent marigold flower meal (0–30%) were studied for in vitro degradation. Depending upon the in vitro results, concentrate mixture containing 15% level of SMFM was selected for in vivo trial. In vivo studies were conducted for a period of 60 days, and 12 local, non-descript, adult male goats (10–14 months age; 31.09 ± 2.91 kg body weight) were randomly assigned to two groups and were fed on ad libitum wheat straw with either conventional (control) or SMFM containing concentrate mixture (treatment). Results of the study showed that there was no variation in body weight of the goats between periods and between groups. DM and OM intake along with their digestibility were similar among the two groups. The digestibility of all other nutrients was comparable between the two groups. Nitrogen, calcium and phosphorus balance were positive in both the groups without any significant disparity. Moreover, experimental goats did not differ in biochemical parameters, without any significant difference between periods and dietary treatments except AST level which was significantly higher (P > 0.05) in treatment group. So, this study successfully demonstrates that SMFM could be incorporated in the concentrate mixture, up to 15% without any discernable difference in the performance of goats.

Internet of things is one of the latest technology in today’s era, IoT devices are increasing day by day and become a part of our life. Sometimes we even didn’t know that we are using and surrounded by such technolgy. Smart devices like smart phone, tablets and any wearables are the example of IoT technology. These all are IoT devices and there are many more. As we all are in 2020 and facing the pandemic we all are become more connected with IoT devices to be safe. In this way the number of IoT devices per person will increase so much rapidly and several new innovations either of hardware or software take place. But the Internet of Things (IoT) devices are becoming more popular, the security measures are not upto the mark, and several issues will come in knowledge at different time on different devices. So we have to think about the security and privacy of user and should make it correct. We should learn from the past issues and try to fix them accordingly. To overcome the issues of IoT devices we can have to ways, one is to use ECC which will enchance the security in IoT device and another possible solution can be Blockchain. In this paper we will discuss about ECC and blockchain technology both and try to find a comparitive study.

The study was aimed to determine fluoride levels in plasma, brain, and bones of Wistar rats following chronic administration of fluoride at different dose levels and the consequent oxidative damage inflicted in these tissues. Brain histomorphology and bone radiographs were also evaluated to assess the extent of damage in these organs. Eighteen rats were randomly divided into three groups with six animals in each group. Group I served as control and groups II and III received 50 and 100 ppm fluoride in tap water, respectively for 180 days. A dose-dependent rise in the levels of fluoride in plasma, brain, and bones was observed in rats. Significant (P

Epitaxial thin films of cobalt ferrite (CoFe2O4) are grown on two isostructural substrates, (001)-oriented MgGa2O4 and ZnGa2O4, using pulsed laser deposition. The substrates have a lattice mismatch of 1.26% and 0.70% with bulk CoFe2O4 (CFO) crystal. We have systematically investigated the structural and magnetic properties of the epitaxial CFO films on these substrates. X-ray diffraction and transmission electron microscopy result analysis reveal that the films deposited on spinel ZnGa2O4 are essentially free of defects and are under a small compressive strain, while films on MgGa2O4 show partial strain relaxation along with defect formation. Room temperature magnetization data indicate that CFO grown on ZnGa2O4 substrates have a bulk-like saturation magnetization of 420 emu/cc and a uniaxial substrate-induced anisotropy value of [Formula: see text] [Formula: see text] erg/cm3 with an anisotropy field as low as 60 kOe.

Efficient spin injection from epitaxial ferrimagnetic ${\mathrm{Ni}\mathrm{Fe}}_{2}{\mathrm{O}}_{4}$ thin films into a $\mathrm{Pd}$ layer is demonstrated via spin Seebeck effect measurements in the longitudinal geometry. The ${\mathrm{Ni}\mathrm{Fe}}_{2}{\mathrm{O}}_{4}$ films (60 nm to 1 $\ensuremath{\mu}$) are grown by pulsed-laser deposition on isostructural spinel ${\mathrm{Mg}\mathrm{Al}}_{2}{\mathrm{O}}_{4}$, ${\mathrm{Mg}\mathrm{Ga}}_{2}{\mathrm{O}}_{4}$, and ${\mathrm{Co}\mathrm{Ga}}_{2}{\mathrm{O}}_{4}$ substrates with lattice mismatch varying between 3.2 and 0.2%. For the thinner films ($\ensuremath{\le}330$ nm), an increase in the spin Seebeck voltage is observed with decreasing lattice mismatch, which correlates well with a decrease in the Gilbert damping parameter as determined from ferromagnetic resonance measurements. High-resolution transmission electron microscopy studies indicate substantial decrease of antiphase boundary and interface defects that cause strain relaxation, i.e., misfit dislocations, in the films with decreasing lattice mismatch. This highlights the importance of reducing structural defects in spinel ferrites for efficient spin injection. It is further shown that angle-dependent spin Seebeck effect measurements provide a qualitative method to probe for in-plane magnetic anisotropies present in the films.

Chiral interactions in magnetic systems can give rise to rich physics manifested, for example, as nontrivial spin textures. The foremost interaction responsible for chiral magnetism is the Dzyaloshinskii-Moriya interaction (DMI), resulting from inversion symmetry breaking in the presence of strong spin-orbit coupling. However, the atomistic origin of DMIs and their relationship to emergent electrodynamic phenomena, such as topological Hall effect (THE), remain unclear. Here, we investigate the role of interfacial DMIs in 3d-5d transition metal-oxide-based LaMnO3/SrIrO3 superlattices on THE from a chiral spin texture. By additively engineering the interfacial inversion symmetry with atomic-scale precision, we directly link the competition between interfacial collinear ferromagnetic interactions and DMIs to an enhanced THE. The ability to control the DMI and resulting THE points to a pathway for harnessing interfacial structures to maximize the density of chiral spin textures useful for developing high-density information storage and quantum magnets for quantum information science.

Artificial heterostructures composed of dissimilar transition metal oxides provide unprecedented opportunities to create remarkable physical phenomena. Here, we report a means to deliberately control the orbital polarization in LaNiO3 (LNO) through interfacing with SrCuO2 (SCO), which has an infinite-layer structure for CuO2. Dimensional control of SCO results in a planar-type (P–SCO) to chain-type (C–SCO) structure transition depending on the SCO thickness. This transition is exploited to induce either a NiO5 pyramidal or a NiO6 octahedral structure at the SCO/LNO interface. Consequently, a large change in the Ni d orbital occupation up to ~30% is achieved in P–SCO/LNO superlattices, whereas the Ni eg orbital splitting is negligible in C–SCO/LNO superlattices. The engineered oxygen coordination triggers a metal-to-insulator transition in SCO/LNO superlattices. Our results demonstrate that interfacial oxygen coordination engineering provides an effective means to manipulate the orbital configuration and associated physical properties, paving a pathway towards the advancement of oxide electronics., In correlated materials, physical properties depend on orbital occupancy and polarization. Here, a way to control the oxygen coordination via dimensionality of superlattices is presented that results in the change of orbital occupancy by 30%, which is larger than what has been achieved by other methods.

The industry remains focused on achieving efficiency gains through accessing and processing production, asset and original equipment manufacturer (OEM) data, and applying machine learning (ML) principles to arrive at improved outcomes. As a service provider, we are experiencing an increased activity level related to hybrid analytics which involves embedding high-fidelity physics-based models together with ML models to improve outcomes. Critically, rather than addressing one piece of equipment, or a subset of a facility, companies focus on economies of scale, and seek asset-wide understanding of implications to equipment condition when changing operating parameters. Deployment of a Dynamic Digital Twin provides production and maintenance engineers with a ‘single source of truth’ for information (i.e. P&ID, PFD, OEM information, maintenance history, etc.) integrated with high-fidelity physics-based models for subsea and topsides processes. Field sensors measuring hydrocarbon quantity, quality and other physical properties are integrated to provide real-time and historic data. Physics-based dynamic process models are first calibrated to match the field sensor data and then used to generate synthetic data for training ML models. A high-fidelity model generates virtual measurements where field sensors are not available. Access to such high-quality virtual measurements presents a paradigm shift for upstream analytics, as ML algorithms now have access to larger datasets for training. This improves quality, allowing for proactive planning and improved uptime leading to increased facility uptime by predicting equipment failure and enabling condition-based maintenance (CBM). In our work with major oil and gas operators, we have observed that maintenance engineers until now have struggled, because enough field sensors are not always available to support the ML algorithms, leading to less specific assumptions and lower quality results. By taking advantage of a Dynamic Digital Twin - containing the asset structure, visualization and models - hybrid analytics were applied to continuously improve predictions, thereby increasing facility uptime. In this paper, we present a few case studies of applying hybrid analytics with some oil and gas operators to enable virtual flow metering, prediction of unplanned equipment shutdown and prediction of optimum operating parameters for increased facility uptime. Examples presented demonstrate the integration of historic and real-time measurements with the physics-based process and multiphase flow models, and ML algorithms such as Autoencoder (AE), Long Short-term Memory (LSTM) neural networks and Reinforcement Learning.

Driven by lower-for-longer cost of operations, companies continuously look for effective ways to increase efficiency and support smarter decision-making. This paper will show how large operations such as Appomattox can use an integrated dynamic simulation-based solution throughout the project lifecycle to aid in design verification, operator training, startup support, and real-time surveillance. The recommendations and findings in this paper can be applied to similar project implementation efforts elsewhere in the oil and gas industry. Appomattox is a four-column semi-submersible production platform located 80 miles off the coast of Louisiana in approximately 7,200 ft of water and features a subsea system with six drill centers, 15 production wells, and five injection wells. Appomattox produces from two deep-water fields – Appomattox and Vicksburg, with potential for asphaltene precipitation and scale formation due to high reservoir temperature and sour service. The Appomattox project team decided in the design phase that dynamic simulation would be a useful tool to assist with operator training due to the complexity of the distributed control system (DCS) and the need for operators to gain familiarity with the combined cycle steam system, a first in the Gulf of Mexico. A multi-purpose dynamic simulator (MPDS) was developed that integrates high-fidelity subsea and topsides models together with the Appomattox control system to provide an environment where one can operate or test without the risk of upsetting the actual process. Prior to integration with the control system, the MPDS was used for engineering studies that resulted in design changes well before first oil, generating significant cost savings when compared to finding these issues at startup. Once integrated, it was able to be used for operating procedure validation and multiple rounds of operator training prior to first oil. Other applications have included controller loop tuning – which generated an initial set of tuning parameters for use at startup, and leak detection algorithm testing by introducing subsea leaks of various sizes. The MPDS currently resides in Shell's Remote Operations Center for production support. The MPDS model has been cloned to be used as a Real-time Surveillance System (RTS), running in parallel with the live facility and connected via Open Platform Communications (OPC) to its historian. The Appomattox RTS sits in Shell's Azure cloud, accessible to Shell users from anywhere. Current RTS applications include virtual multiphase metering, blockage detection in wells/flowlines due to asphaltene/scale deposition, and a performance monitoring system for topsides process coolers designed to predict exchanger fouling/plugging. All key calculated values are sent to Appomattox's historian where they are visible on surveillance screens.

Twelve local adult male goats were randomly allotted to two equal groups and were kept on ad libitum wheat straw, supplemented with either conventional concentrate mixture (Control) or concentrate mixture containing walnut cake (10% w/w) (Treatment). Positive balances of calcium and phosphorus were observed in both groups without any significant (P>0.05) difference. Blood biochemical parameters were within normal reference limits without any significant difference between dietary treatments, except a significant linear increase (P, Ukupno 12 odraslih, nasumce odabranih jarčeva podijeljeno je u dvije jednake skupine hranjene ad libitum. Kontrolna skupina hranjena je slamom s dodatkom komercijalne pogače, dok je pokusna skupina hranjena slamom kojoj je dodana mješavina koncentrata i pogača s orasima (10 %). Pozitivna ravnoteža kalcija i fosfora opažena je u objema skupinama, bez statistički značajne razlike (P>0,05). Krvni biokemijski pokazatelji bili su u fiziološkim granicama bez značajnih razlika između skupina, osim statistički značajnog linearnog povećanja (P

Anti microbial drug resistance concerns scientists all around the world epically one used as livestock feed additives. Feed grade antibiotics are given in non therapeutic doses which lead to survival of pathogenic microbes which in turn develop drug resistance, thus necessitating researchers to search for alternative ways to feed grade antibiotics besides doing least compromise on growth parameters. Organic acids are used in poultry to lower the pH of intestinal tract which favours good microbes which in turn suppress pathogenic microbes thus evicting the use of antibiotics. They are used in poultry diets and drinking water to elicit a positive growth response, improving nutrient digestibility, performance and immunity in poultry. Literature shows that organic acids have more or less pronounced antimicrobial activity, depending on both the concentration of the acid and the bacterial species that is exposed to the acid. The variability in response of organic acids and its possible mechanisms are discussed. Scope of this paper is to provide a view of the use of organic acids in the prevention of enteric disease in poultry, the effect on the gastrointestinal tract (GIT), immunity and performance of broiler or laying hens. In the current review beneficial as-pects of organic acids along with different dose combinations are discussed to promote its optimum utilization in poultry nutrition and production.

Deliberate control of interface symmetry boosts chiral magnetism in spin-orbit–coupled oxide heterostructures., Chiral interactions in magnetic systems can give rise to rich physics manifested, for example, as nontrivial spin textures. The foremost interaction responsible for chiral magnetism is the Dzyaloshinskii-Moriya interaction (DMI), resulting from inversion symmetry breaking in the presence of strong spin-orbit coupling. However, the atomistic origin of DMIs and their relationship to emergent electrodynamic phenomena, such as topological Hall effect (THE), remain unclear. Here, we investigate the role of interfacial DMIs in 3d–5d transition metal-oxide-based LaMnO3/SrIrO3 superlattices on THE from a chiral spin texture. By additively engineering the interfacial inversion symmetry with atomic-scale precision, we directly link the competition between interfacial collinear ferromagnetic interactions and DMIs to an enhanced THE. The ability to control the DMI and resulting THE points to a pathway for harnessing interfacial structures to maximize the density of chiral spin textures useful for developing high-density information storage and quantum magnets for quantum information science.

Nickel ferrite (NiFe2O4) thin films are grown epitaxially on two different isostructural substrates, (100)-oriented MgGa2O4 and ZnGa2O4, using pulsed laser deposition. These spinel substrates have a lattice mismatch of 0.62% and 0.04%, respectively, with NiFe2O4 crystal. While the films grown on MgGa2O4 substrates exhibit significant strain resulting in a tetragonal distortion of the crystal structure, the films on ZnGa2O4 substrate are essentially strain-free and retain their cubic structure because of the near-perfect lattice match. Magnetometry data suggest that film strain is the principal factor determining the anisotropy of these NiFe2O4 films. This is also confirmed by the effective magnetization values obtained from ferromagnetic resonance (FMR) measurements. While there is only a modest decrease in effective Gilbert damping constant with strain reduction, an enhancement in the spin voltage is observed in the spin Seebeck effect (SSE) measurements for NiFe2O4 films grown on ZnGa2O4 substrate with thickness ≤200 nm.

We have developed a vectorial type of measurement for the spin Seebeck effect (SSE) in epitaxial NiFe$_2$O$_4$ thin films which have been grown by pulsed laser deposition on MgGa$_2$O$_4$ (MGO) with (001) and (011) orientation as well as CoGa$_2$O$_4$ (011) (CGO), thus varying the lattice mismatch and crystal orientation. We confirm that a large lattice mismatch leads to strain anisotropy in addition to the magnetocrystalline anisotropy in the thin films using vibrating sample magnetometry and ferromagnetic resonance measurements. Moreover, we show that the existence of a magnetic strain anisotropy in NiFe$_2$O$_4$ thin films significantly impacts the shape and magnitude of the magnetic-field-dependent SSE voltage loops. We further demonstrate that bidirectional field-dependent SSE voltage curves can be utilized to reveal the complete magnetization reversal process, which establishes a vectorial magnetometry technique based on a spin caloric effect., 5 pages, 4 figures

Ferromagnetic insulators (FMIs) are one of the most important components in developing dissipationless electronic and spintronic devices. However, FMIs are innately rare to find in nature as ferromagnetism generally accompanies metallicity. Here, novel room-temperature FMI films that are epitaxially synthesized by deliberate control of the ratio between two B-site cations in the double perovskite Sr

Examples of single-crystal epitaxial thin films of a high entropy perovskite oxide are synthesized. Pulsed laser deposition is used to grow the configurationally disordered $AB{\mathrm{O}}_{3}$ perovskite $\mathrm{Ba}(\mathrm{Z}{\mathrm{r}}_{0.2}\mathrm{S}{\mathrm{n}}_{0.2}\mathrm{T}{\mathrm{i}}_{0.2}\mathrm{H}{\mathrm{f}}_{0.2}\mathrm{N}{\mathrm{b}}_{0.2}){\mathrm{O}}_{3}$ epitaxially on $\mathrm{SrTi}{\mathrm{O}}_{3}$ and MgO substrates. X-ray diffraction and scanning transmission electron microscopy demonstrate that the films are single phase with excellent crystallinity and atomically abrupt interfaces to the underlying substrates. Atomically resolved electron-energy-loss spectroscopy mapping shows a uniform and random distribution of all $B$-site cations. The ability to stabilize perovskites with this level of configurational disorder offers new possibilities for designing materials from a much broader combinatorial cation pallet while providing a fresh avenue for fundamental studies in strongly correlated quantum materials where local disorder can play a critical role in determining macroscopic properties.

Aim: The current in vitro study was carried out to determine the chemical composition and inclusion level of lime treated olive cake on acid detergent fiber (ADF) replacement basis in adult male goats. Materials and Methods: Crude olive cake was collected and evaluated for proximate composition and protein fractionation. It was treated with 6% lime and incubated for 1 week under room temperature in 2 kg sealed polythene bags and was evaluated for proximate composition after incubation. Different isonitrogenous complete diets containing 0-50% of lime treated olive cake on ADF replacement basis were formulated as per the requirement of adult male goats. In ADF replacement, fiber and concentrate sources were replaced by lime treated olive cake by replacing the 0-50% ADF percentage of the total 40% ADF value of complete feed. The formulated complete diets were tested for in vitro degradation parameters. Results: Treatment of olive cake with 6% slaked lime increased availability of cellulose and alleviated digestibility depression caused by high ether extract percentage. Organic matter, nitrogen free extract, ADF and neutral detergent fiber were significantly lowered by lime treatment of olive cake. The cornell net carbohydrate and protein system analysis showed that non-degradable protein represented by acid detergent insoluble nitrogen (ADIN) was 21.71% whereas the non-available protein represented by neutral detergent insoluble nitrogen (NDIN) was 38.86% in crude olive cake. The in vitro dry matter degradation (IVDMD) values were comparable at all replacement levels. However, a point of inflection was observed at 40% ADF replacement level, which was supported by truly degradable organic matter (TDOM), microbial biomass production (MBP), efficiency of MBP and partitioning factor values (PF). Conclusion: In our study, we concluded that there is comparable difference in composition of Indian olive cake when compared with European olive cake. The most important finding was that about 78% of nitrogen present in Indian olive cake is available to animal in contrary to that of European olive cake. We concluded from in vitro studies that Indian olive cake can be included in complete feed at 30% level (w/w; 40% ADF replacement) for feeding in small ruminants without compromising in vitro degradability of the feed.

Aim: Study was conducted to ascertain the quality of Kinnow mandarin waste (KMW) silage and its utilization by adult male goats. Materials and Methods: KMW was collected, dried to 30% dry matter level and ensiled in silo pit after addition of disodium hydrogen orthophosphate as source of phosphorus as KMW is deficient in phosphorus. Oat was collected at milking stage, chopped finely and ensiled in a silo pit for 2 months. Twelve nondescript local adult male goats of about 8-10 months age and mean body weight of 23.00±0.90 kg were selected. The goats were randomly allotted on body weight as per randomized block design into two equal groups, six animals in each group (n=6) namely “oat silage (OS)” and “Kinnow silage.” Goats were offered weighed quantities of respective silage on ad libitum basis. The silages were evaluated for proximate principles and silage quality attributes. Results: Differences were found between chemical composition of both silages with higher organic matter, ether extracts, nitrogen free extract (p0.05 for CP) and possess comparable (2.23 vs. 2.06; p>0.05) calcium content. The pH, ammonia nitrogen (percent of total nitrogen) and soluble carbohydrate content were lower (4.20 vs. 3.30; 4.14 vs. 3.80; 2.73 vs. 1.86; p0.05) among the two dietary groups. Conclusion: It can be concluded that KMW can be used to prepare good quality silage for feeding of goats.

The Stampede deepwater field is located in the Gulf of Mexico, Green Canyon block, and consists of approximately 3,500 ft of water. The Stampede project will include 10 in-service wells in a Miocene formation for a reservoir system at 28,000 – 31,000 ft. TVD. This unique reservoir has deep wells, a low gas-to-oil ratio, and a low bubble point, a combination that calls for an in-well gas lift injection design. The Stampede project team identified dynamic simulation as a validation tool during the early design phase. High-fidelity fully compositional models were developed for Subsea to simulate heat-transfer effects in the well annulus to understand the interaction between production fluid and gas lift injection for various startup cases. After the simulation model was in place and in use, the project team identified the need to continue using the topsides and subsea integrated simulation models to validate additional phases in process design and engineering. We developed a multi-purpose dynamic simulator (MPDS) that proved to be a crucial tool for Standard Operating Procedures (SOPs) validation, Operations training and control system checkout. The use of this integrated model provided tangible economic benefits because it led to better informed design decisions throughout the project lifecycle, minimizing workarounds. The challenges the project faced were solved by using the simulator, which connected all the systems together: the subsurface equipment and artificial lift method, the risers and production facilities, and the export pipelines pumps. Using the whole platform model, the project team was able to identify and solve potential issues before they became problems. This paper shows how a simulator with dynamic full-facility components (subsurface, subsea, hull, and topsides) was used by the project team during each project phase (design, FEED, and construction) to benefit various disciplines (Reservoir and Flow Assurance Engineers, Operations, Automation, and Initial Startup teams). The paper refers to case studies and specific challenges faced by the project team to develop conclusions from the lessons learned and insights gained.

(111)-oriented transition metal oxide thin films provide a route to developing oxide-based topological quantum materials, but the epitaxial growth is challenging. Here, we present the thickness-dependent electronic and magnetic phase diagrams of coherently strained, phase pure (111)-oriented SrRuO3 epitaxial films grown on (111) SrTiO3 substrates using pulsed laser deposition. With decreasing film thickness, it is found that both the metal-to-insulator and magnetic phase transitions occur at the same thickness of 4–5 nm for films grown along both the (111) and the (001) directions. The character of the transport near the metal-insulator transition is, however, distinct for the different directions, which is attributed to the increased electron-electron correlation for (111) SrRuO3. The findings presented here highlight both the broad challenges as well as the possibilities in modifying correlated materials using dimensional tuning of electronic and magnetic properties.

The antihelminthic properties of tannin-rich plants are being explored as an alternative to chemical drugs to minimise the effects of gastro intestinal nematodes (GIN). The present study was, therefore, conducted to investigate the effect of condensed tannins (CT), obtained from regional tanniferous tree leaves, in the Haemonchus contortus infected goats on the heamatobiochemical parameters to assess the goat health. Twelve adult male goats were randomly divided into three equal groups, namely negative control, infected control and treatment. H. contortus infected goats were allocated into infected control and treatment groups and their feeds contained 0 and 1.96 % of CT, respectively. Feeding trial was conducted for the duration of 90 days during which haematological and serum biochemical parameters were monitored on fortnightly basis. The animals ingesting the CT-rich leaf meal mixture had increased levels of haemoglobin, packed cell volume, total protein, globulin, glucose and calcium, and decreased levels of blood urea; indicating a beneficial effect of CT supplementation at the selected level. However, the phosphorus balance, serum albumin levels and serum enzyme activity were not affected significantly. The study revealed that inclusion of CT in the diets of the adult male goats did not pose any threat to the health of the goats. Further, the CT based diet had beneficial impact on the haematological parameters and could therefore be included in small ruminant diets to minimize the impact of GIN.

Proper development of the rumen is an imperative chore that can be controlled to benefit both the calf and producer. The process of rumen development can be enhanced with right nutrition and management that can reduce the cost of raising a calf. Important considerations in regard to nutrition at the time of rumen growth (birth to approximately three months) can lead to faster rumen development and better growth rate of neonatal calves. Additionally, calves with well developed rumen at weaning are less susceptible to diseases and gain more body weight with lower management and labor costs. Therefore present review discusses the different nutritional factors affecting earlier rumen development.

Syntheses of nickel(II) complexes of the tetraaza macrocycles 2,7-dichloro-1,3,6,8-tetraazacyclodecane (DCCD) and 2,8-dichloro-1,3,7,9-tetraazacyclododecane (DICD) and a copper(II) complex of 2,6,8,12,13,17-hexaazabicyclo[5.5.5]heptadecane (HBCH) are reported in the template condensation of trichloromethane with 1,2-diaminoethane or 1,3-diaminopropane. Formulation of the synthesized products [Ni(DCCD)(H2O)2]Cl2, [Ni(DICD)(H2O)2]Cl2 · H2O, and [Cu3(HBCH)(H2O)6]Cl6, and the metal-free ligand hydrochloride HBCH · 6HCl has been confirmed by elemental analyses, conductivity measurements, and spectral studies. Potentiometric studies of nickel(II) and copper(II) complexes of HBCH and structurally similar 2,5,8,10,13,16,17,20,23-nonaazabicyclo[7.7.7]tricosane (NACT, earlier derived from trichloromethane and diethylenetriamine) have also been performed in the structural support of HBCH. In 1 : 1, metal : HBCH solution, copper(II) is coordinated to four N-donors of two-HN(CH2)3NH– groups of the ligand in a non-plan...

Ferromagnetic insulators (FMIs) are one of the most important components in developing dissipationless electronic and spintronic devices. However, FMIs are innately rare to find in nature as ferromagnetism generally accompanies metallicity. Here, novel room-temperature FMI films that are epitaxially synthesized by deliberate control of the ratio between two B-site cations in the double perovskite Sr2 Fe1+ x Re1- x O6 (-0.2 ≤ x ≤ 0.2) are reported. In contrast to the known FM metallic phase in stoichiometric Sr2 FeReO6 , an FMI state with a high Curie temperature (Tc ≈ 400 K) and a large saturation magnetization (MS ≈ 1.8 µB f.u.-1 ) is found in highly cation-ordered Fe-rich phases. The stabilization of the FMI state is attributed to the formation of extra Fe3+ Fe3+ and Fe3+ Re6+ bonding states, which originate from the relatively excess Fe ions owing to the deficiency in Re ions. The emerging FMI state created by controlling cations in the oxide double perovskites opens the door to developing novel oxide quantum materials and spintronic devices.

Syntheses of copper(II) complexes of 20-membered and 15-membered aza macrocycles 1,3,6,8,11,13,16,18-octaaza-2,7,12,17-tetrachlorocycloeicosane (OTCE, [20]-N8) and 1,3,6,8, 11,13-hexaazacyclopentadecane (HCPD, [15]-N6) involving metal template condensation between 1,2-diaminoethane, trichloromethane and dichloromethane, respectively, are reported. Formulation of [Cu4(OTCE)(H2O)8]Cl8 and [Cu3(HCPD)(H2O)6]Cl6 · 2H2O and the ligand hydrochlorides OTCE · 8HCl and HCPD · 6HCl are supported by elemental analyses, conductivity measurements, and spectral studies. For a comparative cavity size effect on the stability constant, potentiometric measurements on the copper complexes of the generated macrocycles [15]-N6 and [20]-N8 and the structurally related larger macrocycle 1,3,6,8,11,13,16,18,21,23-decaaza-2,2,7,7,12,12,17,17,22,22-decachlorocyclopentacosane (DDCP, [25]-N10, prepared recently) have been performed in aqueous solution at 25°C (μ = 0.1 M KNO3). Very high stability constants obtained for reaction Cu2+ ...

Current study was conducted to evaluate the effect of inclusion of lime treated olive cake in the complete feed of goats. Olive cake was treated with 6% slaked lime to increase availability of cellulose and to alleviate digestibility depression caused by higher fat content. Twelve local adult male goats were randomly allotted to control and treatment groups. Control group was fed ad libitum conventional complete feed and the treatment group was fed complete feed containing 30% lime treated olive cake for a duration of 30 days. The treatment feed was significantly (P

Department of Applied Chemistry, O. P. Jindal Institute of Technology, Punjipathra, Raigarh-496 001, Chhattisgarh, India Department of Chemistry, Hindu College, Moradabad-244 001, Uttar Pradesh, India E-mail : ramnayan_2003@yahoo.co.in Manuscript received online 05 February 2015, revised 05 May 2015, accepted 07 May 2015 Synthesis of nickel(II) and copper(II) complexes of three-dimensional tricyclic aza macrocycle 3,7,10,14,15,19,20,24-octaazatricyclo[7.5.5.52,8]tetracosane (OCTC) have been described. Metal-free ligand hydrochloride has also been prepared. Di- and tetrametallic complexes [Ni2 (OCTC)(H2O)4 ]Cl4 ·5H2O, [Cu4 (OCTC)(H2O)8 ]Cl8 ·6H2O and OCTC·8HCl have been characterized by elemental analyses, conductivity measurements and spectral studies. The thermodynamic stabilities of the complexes, investigated by pH-titration method, are low (1017.78 and 109.28, respectively) for the reactions Cu2+ + A CuA2+ and Ni2+ + A NiA2+ (A = OCTC) as expected to a non-planar [14]–N4 ring. Further, structural rearrangement in Ni2A4+ leads to coordination of each nickel(II) ion in different non-planar [12]-N4 ring cavities with decreased stability constant to 106.71 for reaction NiA2+ + Ni2+ Ni2A4+. Coordination of additional two cupric ions each in a small cavity of two aza donors (within spherical cavity of the macrocycle), exhibits macrocyclic effect. The enhanced stability (theoretical, but approximate) for reactions CuA2+ + Cu2+ Cu2A4+ and Cu2A4+ + Cu2+ Cu3A6+ over that for open chain ligand 1,3-diaminopropane are 107.29 and 105.55, respectively.

Study was conducted to formulate the paddy straw based complete feed blocks containing kinnow-mandarin waste (KMW) in a manual densification machine and to evaluate its effect on the nutrient intake and digestibility of goats. Block was formulated utilizing paddy straw, KMW, wheat flour, molasses, wheat bran, urea, mineral mixture, common salt and water. Bulk density of prepared blocks was 0.21 g/cm3 whereas durability was 17.36%. An in vivo feeding trial was conducted for 30 days duration along with a digestibility trial during last week of feeding trial. Twelve local adult male goats were randomly allotted as per randomized block design to two equal groups designated Control and Treatment. All the animals were kept on complete feed feeding regimen with either conventional concentrate mixture with paddy straw in 40:60 proportion or KMW-Paddy straw based feed block on ad libitum basis. Feed intake and nutrient digestibility was similar (P>0.05) in experimental animals, irrespective of the dietary treatment. The cost of feed for treatment group was about 12 per cent lower over the cost of conventional complete feed. It may be concluded that KMW may be utilized as a part of paddy straw based complete feed without affecting nutrient intake and digestibility. However, the binding and durability of blocks achieved in the present study was not satisfactory and this formulation therefore is not recommended to be densified in a manual block making machine.

Effect of strategically supplemented pregnancy allowance was ascertained during different phases of gestation on the reproductive performance of does. Gravid does (18) were allotted to 3 dietary treatments HH, HL and LH in a completely randomized block design. All does were provided wheat straw ad libitum and supplemented with concentrate mixture at the rate of 20 g/kgW 0.75 from 0-60 days post-mating. Subsequently, HH group was given concentrate at the rate of 40 g/kgW 0.75 from 61 d post-mating to term. HL group was offered concentrate from 61-90 d post-mating and 121d post mating to term at the rate of 20 g/kg W 0.75 and from 91-120 d post-mating at the rate of 40 g/kg W 0.75 . LH group was provided with concentrate from 61 to 120 d post-mating and 121 to term at the rate of 20 g and 40 g/kgW 0.75 , respectively. Mean total dry matter and concentrate intake (g/kgW 0.75 ) was significantly higher on HH in comparison to comparable intake of HL and LH treatments, however, wheat straw followed the reverse trend. Haematological and biochemical parameters except serum glucose, total serum protein and A:G ratio did not differ significantly among dietary treatments. The gross gain in weight, products of pregnancy at 21 weeks of gestation, pregnant does average daily gain, birth weight of kids and survivability of kids were significantly lower in treatment HL in comparison to comparable values for HH and LH treatments. The net gain in gravid does was significantly higher in treatment HH than the comparable values obtained in HL and LH treatments. The last month of pregnancy was found to be nutritionally most sensitive period of gestation for native goats. (Asian-Aust. J. Anim. Sci. 2003. Vol 16, No. 12 : 1725-1731)