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Various factors are responsible for sleep bruxism; however, whether the dopaminergic agonist group of drugs is effective in the treatment of sleep bruxism is unclear.The purpose of this systematic review was to evaluate the effect of the dopaminergic agonist group of drugs in controlling sleep bruxism in comparison with no treatment or placebo-controlled treatment.Two electronic databases, PubMed and Cochrane Central, were searched by using the keywords bruxism, sleep bruxism, dopamine, and dopamine agonist. After screening titles and abstracts, only those articles which met predefined inclusion criteria were selected for full-text assessment. Clinical trials using the dopaminergic agonist group of drugs as a treatment approach to sleep bruxism were included.The literature search yielded a total of 64 articles from the 2 electronic databases (PubMed, 53; Cochrane Central, 11). After removal of the duplicates (n=8), the initial screening of titles and abstracts was performed by 2 independent reviewers, removing 46 articles. A total of 10 articles were selected for full-text reading, and 4 studies were included for qualitative analysis.Levodopa (L-DOPA) and Bromocriptine showed decrease in root mean square value in electromyography per bruxism burst (P.001) and 20% to 30% reduction of bruxism episodes during sleep in 2 different studies. However, treatment with bromocriptine led to conflicting result in another study in terms of frequency of bruxism episodes and amplitude of muscle contractions in electromyography (EMG). Bruxism bursts and episodes were also not significantly improved with another dopaminergic agonist group of drugs, Pramipexole (P.001). Based on the limited evidence and conflicting results, significant conclusions cannot be generated, and further studies are required.

PDF file - 51K, Figure S2. Pre-therapy versus healthy controls absolute quantification of circulating miRNA.

PDF file - 33K, Figure S3. Circulating miRNA are not significantly influenced by time from collection to processing.

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PDF file - 76K, Figure S1. Comparative quantification of circulating miRNA.

Purpose: Although microRNAs (miRNA) show potential as diagnostic biomarkers in cancer, their role as circulating cell-free disease response biomarkers remains unknown. Candidate circulating miRNA biomarkers for classical Hodgkin lymphoma (cHL) might arise from Hodgkin–Reed–Sternberg (HRS) cells and/or nonmalignant tumor-infiltrating cells. HRS cells are sparse within the diseased node, embedded within a benign microenvironment, the composition of which is distinct from that seen in healthy lymph nodes.Experimental Design: Microarray profiling of more than 1,000 human miRNAs in 14 cHL primary tissues and eight healthy lymph nodes revealed a number of new disease node–associated miRNAs, including miR-494 and miR-1973. Using quantitative real-time PCR (qRT-PCR), we tested the utility of these, as well as previously identified disease node–associated plasma miRNAs (including miR-21 and miR-155), as disease response biomarkers in a prospective cohort of 42 patients with cHL. Blood samples were taken in conjunction with radiologic imaging at fixed time points before, during, and after therapy. Absolute quantification was used so as to facilitate implementation in diagnostic laboratories.Results: Levels of miR-494, miR-1973, and miR-21 were higher in patients than control (n = 20) plasma (P = 0.004, P = 0.007, and P < 0.0001, respectively). MiR-494 and miR-21 associated with Hasenclever scores ≥3. Strikingly, all three miRNAs returned to normal at remission (P = 0.0006, P = 0.0002, and P < 0.0001 respectively). However, only miR-494 and miR-1973 reflected interim therapy response with reduction being more pronounced in patients achieving complete versus partial responses (P = 0.043 and P = 0.0012, respectively).Conclusion: Our results demonstrate that in patients with cHL, circulating cell-free miRNAs can reflect disease response once therapy has commenced. Clin Cancer Res; 20(1); 253–64. ©2013 AACR.

High primary stability makes immediate loading more predictable, but immediately loaded implants are subjected to higher stresses and strains during the healing phase than implants that are left to heal for 3 months. Whether an earlier sensory-motor phenomenon with an immediate loading protocol helps to reduce the risk of overloading at the implant-bone interface is unclear.The purpose of this concurrent parallel design clinical study was to evaluate and compare active tactile sensibility for a single-tooth implant opposing a natural tooth in the mandibular posterior region with either a delayed or immediate functional loading -protocol.In this parallel group randomized trial, 2 test groups were formed: the DL group comprised 20 participants with the delayed loading protocol (loading after 3 months), and the IL group comprised 20 participants with the immediate loading protocol (loading within 2 days). Natural tooth-to-tooth contact on the side contralateral to the implant site (split mouth) in both test groups was used as a control to evaluate active tactile sensibility, which was evaluated in the test and control sites of both groups by using interocclusal articulating foils of varying thickness in maximum intercuspation. Active tactile sensibility was compared between the DL and IL groups at 3 and 6 months of follow-up. The nonparametric Mann-Whitney test was used for intergroup comparisons (P=.05).A significant difference was found for 8-μm- and 12-μm-thick articulating foil at 3 months and for 8-μm-thick foil at 6 months (P.05), indicating a difference in active tactile sensibility between the DL and IL groups. No implant failure was recorded in this short clinical study.An immediate loading protocol can be performed in implants with sufficient primary stability. Upon loading, the IL group has shown more active tactile perception than the DL group.

Alzheimer's disease (AD) is a progressive neurodegenerative disorder that currently has no cure. Identifying biochemical changes associated with neurodegeneration prior to symptom onset, will provide insight into the biological mechanisms associated with neurodegenerative processes, that may also aid in identifying potential drug targets. The current study therefore investigated associations between plasma neurofilament light chain (NF-L), a marker of neurodegeneration, with plasma metabolites that are products of various cellular processes. Plasma NF-L, measured by ultrasensitive Single molecule array (Simoa) technology (Quanterix) and plasma metabolites, measured by mass-spectrometry (AbsoluteIDQ® p400HR kit, BIOCRATES), were assessed in the Kerr Anglican Retirement Village Initiative in Ageing Health (KARVIAH) cohort comprising 100 cognitively normal older adults. Metabolites belonging to biogenic amine (creatinine, symmetric dimethylarginine, asymmetric dimethylarginine; ADMA, kynurenine, trans-4-hydroxyproline), amino acid (citrulline, proline, arginine, asparagine, phenylalanine, threonine) and acylcarnitine classes were observed to have positive correlations with plasma NF-L, suggesting a link between neurodegeneration and biological pathways associated with neurotransmitter regulation, nitric oxide homoeostasis, inflammation and mitochondrial function. Additionally, after stratifying participants based on low/high brain amyloid-β load (Aβ ±) assessed by positron emission tomography, while creatinine, SDMA and citrulline correlated with NF-L in both Aβ- and Aβ+ groups, ADMA, proline, arginine, asparagine, phenylalanine and acylcarnitine species correlated with NF-L only in the Aβ+ group after adjusting for confounding variables, suggesting that the association of these metabolites with neurodegeneration may be relevant to AD-related neuropathology. Metabolites identified to be associated with plasma NF-L may have the potential to serve as prognostic markers for neurodegenerative diseases, however, further studies are required to validate the current findings in an independent cohort, both cross-sectionally and longitudinally.

The study aimed to evaluate the effect of implant-supported prosthesis in completely edentulous participants in terms of osseoperception ability, neural activity, and stereognostic ability in comparison to removable prosthetic options.A total sample of 18 patients, irrespective of gender and age were allocated into three groups according to the three-treatment protocol (upper and lower complete denture, upper complete denture opposing lower implant-retained overdenture, implant-supported fixed prosthesis in both arches). Four weeks after completion of the treatment procedure active tactile sensibility (ATS) was checked by using varying thicknesses (12, 40, 80, 100, 200 μ) of articulating foils and papers. Functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) was performed to record neurophysiological activity in cerebral cortex in all the participants. Various forms of test pieces (heat cure acrylic resin) were used to evaluate stereognostic ability. Data regarding the neurophysiological activity were analyzed by using Krushkal-Wallis test and p ≤ 0.05 was considered to be statistically significant. Data from stereognostic ability test procedure and ATS were compared by using chi-squared test and p ≤ 0.05 was considered to be statistically significant.Statistically significant difference was found in between the articulating foils in terms of true negative responses as the foil thickness increased in participants wearing complete denture in both the arches (p = 0.004) and implant-supported fixed prosthesis in both the arches (p = 0.010). Participants in implant-supported fixed prosthesis group showed significantly more activation in primary motor cortex (right side), somatosensory cortex (left side), angular gyrus (both sides), temporal lobe (left) compared to other groups. No significant difference found in thalamus and premotor cortex region in between the participants of different groups. No statistically significant difference found in between the groups in terms of true responses identifying correct shapes. Mean number of correct responses in stereognostic ability test were 4.16 (83.33%), 3.5 (70%), 3.83 (76.66%) for participants of complete denture group, upper complete denture opposing lower implant retained overdenture group, and implant-supported fixed prosthesis group, respectively.Primary motor cortex, somatosensory cortex, and other regions of brain were diffusely activated in participants wearing implant-supported fixed prosthesis in both the arches. Less number of false responses were recorded in participants of implant-supported fixed prosthesis group and upper complete denture opposing lower implant-retained overdenture group in ATS test compared to participants wearing complete denture in both the arches.

Aim: Peri implant diseases lead to pathological changes in the peri implant tissues and loss of osseointegration. The purpose of this analysis is to evaluate the effect of various lasers and photodynamic therapy (PDT) on peri implant diseases compared to conventional procedures. Setting and Design: This meta analysis was conducted as per the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta Analyses guidelines. Materials and Methods: A systematic search of the electronic databases such as PubMed, ICTRP, CT.gov, Embase, and Cochrane Library was done additional to manual search of peer review article on peri-implant diseases. Eleven randomized control clinical trials were included in which laser therapy and PDT were used as an interventional procedure. Results and Statistical Analysis Used: Review Manager 5.03 (RevMan, Nordic Cochrane Center, Copenhagen, Denmark), and random effects model were used to assess mean difference (MD). Bivariate differential mean statistic was used in intergroup estimate with 95% confidence interval (CI). I2 test statistics was applied for heterogenity and P < 0.05 was considered significant statistically. The literature search yielded a total of 113 articles among which 11 articles were included for quantitative analysis. The selected outcome PD reported MD −0.01 with 95% CI (−0.13, 0.16), P = 0.84, and CAL reported MD −0.09 with 95% CI (−0.32, 0.14), P = 0.45, respectively. Conclusion: Laser treatment as an adjunctive therapy or monotherapy in peri implantitis does not show any superior effects than conventional measures as per evidence. However, cases with peri implant mucositis have shown far more promising results with laser therapy compared to peri implantitis.

Various attachments like ball, bar-clip, magnetic attachments are used in implant supported overdentures. Finite Element Analysis (FEA) a newly innovated technology has been used in dental implantology to evaluate stress distribution patterns. There is little evidence available regarding the stress distribution in peri-implant region for implant supported overdentures. The purpose of the review was to generate scientific evidence on peri-implant stress distribution in FEA model with different types of attachments employed in implant supported overdentures.Systematic review was conducted as per the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews Guidelines and Meta-Analyses statement (PRISMA). A comprehensive search was undertaken by two reviewers from January 2020 to June 2020 with no year limits to published articles. Only in-vitro FEA studies were included. Following electronic databases were searched for published studies- PubMed, Web of Science. Characteristics of the studies tabulated and analysis of articles was done to compare different attachment systems.Locator attachments showed better stress distribution than ball attachment system in all the studies but one. Two studies showed results in favour of ball attachment compared to bar-clip attachment system when stress was evaluated distal to the implants. No significant difference in terms of stress concentration could be generated between ball versus magnetic/equator versus locator attachment system due to less number of studies and conflicting results.Various studies showed different results due to heterogenicity in selected attachment systems and study designs. Locator attachments showed favourable stress distribution around peri-implant bone than other attachments.

Background and Purpose: Dental implantation is thought to be associated with enhancement of neuro-cortical sensorimotor activity which has been lost due to an edentulous state. Such changes are either feeble or absent after the placement of a conventional denture. In the present study, we test this hypothesis using blood oxygen level-dependent (BOLD) activity on functional MRI (fMRI) as a bio-surrogate. Materials and Methods: fMRI was performed in 12 consecutive edentulous subjects (mean age = 59.2 years) after the placement of a conventional complete denture (CD) and subsequently after intraoral dental implantation (IOD). The semi-quantitative data of the BOLD activity was compiled to depict the activation seen in both scenarios in six anatomical regions. Statistical analysis was done to evaluate the significance of enhancement in BOLD activity in these regions in patients having an IOD as compared to those having a CD. Results: The enhancement of BOLD activity on fMRI after placement of an IOD was much more significant as compared to that noted with CD. Using Wilcoxon's signed-rank test the nonparametric data showed a significant positive elevation in global and regional assigned mean ranks of BOLD activity. Conclusion: Intraoral implantation leads to a significant elevation in the BOLD activity of the sensorimotor cortex as compared to the placement of a conventional CD.

Aim: Oral stereognosis is an important sensation for a human being to percept any type of materials that are introduced in the oral cavity. It is defined as the ability of an individual to recognize objects using only tactile sensation without using vision, audition, balance, somatic function, taste, or smell. The primary purpose of this review was to evaluate the effect of complete dentures on oral stereognostic ability in edentulous subjects. Settings and Design: Systematic review based on PRISMA guidelines. Materials and Methods: A systematic search of the electronic databases like PubMed and Web of Science was done using keywords – “stereognosis,” “oral stereognosis,” “complete denture,” and “complete edentulism.” In addition to this, a manual search of references mentioned in the articles and gray literature was done. Data extraction and assessment were done by two independent reviewers. Statistical Analysis Used: Qualitative analysis. Results: The literature search yielded a total of 61 articles. Thirteen duplicate articles were removed and 36 articles were rejected after initial screening of titles and abstracts. A total of 12 articles were selected for full text reading and 5 of them were included for qualitative analysis. Conclusion: All the included studies showed complete denture treatment therapy improved stereognostic ability in terms of correct identification of test pieces and time taken to identify the objects. There is also a direct relationship between the adaptability of dentures and stereognostic ability.

Oral rehabilitation of partially edentulous arches requires careful treatment planning before any prosthodontic intervention. The connection of the metal framework of fixed (fixed dental prosthesis (FPD)) and removable partial denture using adhesive attachments is a good alternative prosthetic option when solely fixed prosthesis (FPD or implant) cannot be used due to anatomical limitation. Attachments are the tiny interlocking devices that act as a hybrid link to join removable prosthesis to the abutment and direct the masticatory forces along the long axis of the abutment. This joint acts as a non-rigid stress breaker, which helps in distributing the occlusal load. Precision and semiprecision attachment have always been bordered by an aura of mystery due to technique sensitive procedure and lack of knowledge. The following case describes a combined contemporary and conventional approach and treatment sequence with the use of attachments for the rehabilitation of partially edentulous arches.

The prosthodontic management of impacted tooth that failed to extrude after orthodontic traction is a clinical challenge. There are many factors for orthodontic treatment failure like ankylosis and root exposure. Prosthodontic treatment options include surgical removal of failed tooth followed by implant placement either using staged approach or simultaneous approach. In this case report, the tooth that failed to erupt after orthodontic traction and tooth with root resorption in esthetic zone was managed successfully by immediate implant placement. Guided bone regeneration was performed along with implantation to compensate associated bone loss.

Abiraterone acetate is an approved prodrug administered orally in a fixed dose format for the treatment of metastatic castration-resistant prostate cancer (mCRPC). In vivo, the prodrug is readily metabolized to abiraterone and its active metabolite Δ(4)-abiraterone (D4A) which selectively and irreversibly inhibit the 17α-hydroxylase/17,20-lyase (CYP17A1) enzyme and the androgen receptor, respectively. Therapeutic drug monitoring (TDM) of abiraterone and its metabolites may be beneficial as significant pharmacokinetic variability has been observed. Dried plasma spots (DPS) represent an attractive, yet under-utilised approach for TDM analysis with desired features including easy collection, transport, storage and overcomes the issues of blood hematocrit levels known in dried blood spot analysis. In this study we developed and validated a liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS) assay for the simultaneous quantification of abiraterone and D4A with deuterated internal standard (abiraterone D4) from DPS using a high-resolution benchtop mass spectrometer. Calibration curves were linear over a wide and clinically-relevant concentration range (0.132–196.0 ng/mL for abiraterone and 0.110–39.17 ng/mL for D4A) with high accuracy (93–104% for abiraterone and 96–108% for D4A) and precision (%CV ≤ 12.5). As expected, the levels of abiraterone and D4A obtained from DPS from mCRPC patients varied substantially (1.5–31.4 ng/mL for abiraterone and 0.1–5.2 ng/mL for D4A; n = 22). Detailed benchmarking of the DPS method to a pre-validated liquid plasma method showed that the techniques generate quantitative indistinguishable data. Collectively, this demonstrates the potential of using LC-MS/MS in combination with DPS for TDM of abiraterone and D4A from patients.

Introduction: Attempt has been made to analyze the potential of titanium (Ti) alloy for osteointegration by the effect of surface photo functionalization in different aspects as follows: in Ringer's solution, in vitro cell growth, and in vivo study on rabbit. The present study was aimed to investigate the influence of ultraviolet (UV) light on surface topography, corrosion behavior, and bioactivity of indigenously manufactured samples of Ti alloy mini-implant. Materials and Methods: The study includes surface modification of Ti samples by UV treatment, corrosion testing of the specimens using Potentiostat (GAMRY System), qualitative examination of modified surface topography using scanning electron microscope, and cellular viability test on Ti alloy surface (3-(4,5-Dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide ASSAY). To find the effect of UV light on implant bone integration, biochemical test was performed on the femur of rabbits. Results and Discussion: Corrosion resistance of untreated Ti alloy in Ringer's solution was found to be less, whereas corrosion rate was more. Corrosion resistance of UV-treated samples was found to increase significantly, thereby lowering the corrosion rate. Cell growth in UV-treated specimen was observed to be higher than that in untreated samples. It is important to mention that cell growth was significantly enhanced on samples which were UV treated for longer duration of time. Conclusions: There was a marked improvement in cell growth on UV-treated Ti alloy samples. Hence, it is expected that it would enhance the process of osseointegration of Ti with bone. Another important finding obtained was that the removal torque values of UV-treated implants were higher than that of untreated implants. The overall result reveals that UV treatment of implants does help us in speeding up the osseointegration process.

Medical professionals including dentists are one of those high-risk professionals who can easily get affected by COVID-19 due to its highly contagious nature. Evaluating the molecular pathogenesis and the role of immune system in modulating symptoms it can be assumed that susceptibility of COVID-19 to older adults is more. This review aimed to summarize all the information available on electronic databases PubMed, PubMed central, Cochrane database related to the effect of COVID-19 ingeriatric individuals and guidelines for a prosthodontist during treatment of geriatric individuals in Indian population during this pandemic period. This review will focus on the characteristic symptoms and signs of COVID-19 ingeriatric individuals and how the prosthodontists during treatment of geriatric individuals in Indian populations can better equip themselves to prevent the spread of COVID-19 ina clinical setup.

Paper spray ionization (PSI) is a direct, fast, and low-cost ambient ionization technique which may have clinical utility for qualitative and quantitative analysis of therapeutic drugs and metabolites from patient specimens. We developed and validated a PSI-mass spectrometry (PSI-MS/MS) method according to the US-FDA guidelines for bioanalytical studies to measure the prostate cancer drug abiraterone directly from patient plasma. The established linearity range was 3.1-156.8 ng/mL with a precision (%CV) and an accuracy (%) range of 0.5-10.7 and 93.5-103.2, respectively. The mean internal standard normalized matrix factor for abiraterone was just below 1 with highest %CV of 10.2 at the low-level quality control. In benchmarking the performance of this assay against a published LC-MS/MS assay, we showed they were mostly equivalent, with the exception of accuracy with clinical samples. We found the quantitative values observed for abiraterone measured directly from patient plasma using PSI-MS/MS showed positive bias. Upon investigation, we concluded the increased values were due to summed quantitation of isomeric abiraterone conjugates and metabolites which are separable by LC-MS/MS, but not with the current PSI-MS/MS configuration. Despite demonstrating the utility of PSI-MS/MS for rapid bioanalysis, this study also highlighted a limitation encountered with the direct analysis of abiraterone in clinical samples.

This study examined the inter- and intra-patient variability in pharmacokinetics of AA and its metabolites abiraterone and Δ(4)-abiraterone (D4A), and potential contributing factors. AA administered daily for ≥4 weeks concurrently with androgen deprivation therapy (ADT) for mCRPC were included. Pharmacokinetic evaluation was performed at two consecutive visits at least 4 weeks apart. Plasma samples were collected 24 h after last dose of AA to obtain drug trough level (DTL) of two active metabolites, abiraterone and D4A. 39 plasma samples were obtained from 22 patients, with 17 patients had repeat DTL measurement. Considerable inter-patient variability in DTL was seen, with initial DTL for abiraterone ranging between 1.5 and 25.4 ng/ml (CV 61%) and for D4A between 0.2 and 2.5 ng/ml (CV 61%). Intra-patient variability in DTL for abiraterone varied between 0.85 and 336% and for D4A between 1.14 and 199%. There was no increase in AA exposure with use of dexamethasone (n = 5; DTL 13.9) compared with prednisone (n = 17; DTL 11.0 p = 0.5), dosing in fasted state (n = 13, DTL 12.1) compared to dosing in fed state (n = 9; DTL 11.1, p = 0.8), or chemotherapy-exposed (n = 10; DTL 8.9) compared to chemotherapy naive (n = 12; DTL 14.0, p = 0.1). Our cohort demonstrated high inter- and intra-patient variability in both abiraterone and D4A with fixed dosing of AA, with no effect from choice of corticosteroids, prior use of chemotherapy, or dosing in fasting state. Monitoring DTL of AA may be necessary to minimise risk of patients being under-dosed and earlier development of resistance.

Prosthodontic rehabilitation of patient who have underwent maxillectomy surgery is a challenging task. Achieving optimum stability, retention and support are the major problems. An obturator with cast partial design is used to rehabilitate maxillectomy defect. The primary goals of the obturator prosthesis are to preserve the remaining teeth and tissues and to provide comfort, function, and aesthetics to the patients. This case report describes several steps of fabrication of a definitive obturator.

Abiraterone acetate is administered as a prodrug to patients with metastatic, castration-resistant prostate cancer (mCRPC) and is readily metabolized into the potent 17a-hydroxylase/17,20-lyase (CYP17) enzyme inhibitor and androgen receptor inhibitor abiraterone and Δ(4)-abiraterone (D4A), respectively. To investigate pharmacokinetic variability in abiraterone acetate metabolism we developed highly sensitive liquid chromatography/mass spectrometry (LC/MS) assays for the simultaneous quantitation of abiraterone and D4A in human plasma using high-resolution mass spectrometry (HRMS) on an Orbitrap mass spectrometer. This study demonstrates the quantitative performance of HRMS and compares the conventional Parallel Reaction Monitoring (PRM) mode of quantitation with the unconventional Full scan MS mode conducted at high resolution (>70,000 resolution). The use of HRMS for quantitation of abiraterone and D4A yielded assays that were linear over a broad concentration range (0.074–509.6 ng/mL for abiraterone; 0.075–59.93 ng/mL for D4A) in both Full scan MS and PRM modes. The assay precision for abiraterone and D4A was below 5% in PRM mode and 7% in Full scan MS mode. Accuracies fell within 98–107% for abiraterone and 104–112% for D4A in PRM mode, and 96–116% for abiraterone and 96–105% for D4A in Full scan MS mode, each meeting the acceptance criteria of FDA approved guidelines for bioanalytical methods The PRM analysis of abiraterone and D4A provided high specificity and reduced background interference, however the Full scan MS detection at a resolution of 70,000 was advantageous in that it required minimal optimization, was simple to implement, yielded comparable quantitative characteristics to PRM and the data is useful for re-analysis. Use of the assays were demonstrated for quantitation of these metabolites in steady state trough level plasma of seventeen (17) patients with mCRPC, demonstrating the inter-patient variability of up to 10-fold concentration.

Objective: This study compared and evaluated the clinical and radiographic results of guided bone regeneration using platelet-rich fibrin (PRF) and collagen membrane as barrier membrane in immediately placed implants with severe buccal bone defect (with respect to marginal bone level, implant stability quotient [ISQ]), and histological analysis of new bone formation. Materials and Methods: Sixteen implants were placed in patients requiring immediate implant placement and having a buccal wall defect and randomly divided into two groups one receiving PRF membranes and other collagen membrane. The sites were grafted with bone-substitute material in both the groups. After 4 months, at the time of second-stage surgery, implant stability is measured by Osstell Mentor, crestal bone level on mesial and distal sides of implant by digital intraoral periapical, buccal defect clinically by probe and histological analysis of biopsied bone. Results: The results were insignificant and comparable in both the groups when comparison was made between the groups. The mean buccal defect, mean values of average ISQ, crestal bone level in both the groups at baseline and after 4 months were compared. No significant difference between both the groups was found after 4 months. Bone quality seemed to be equal in both groups after histological analysis. Within the limits of the study, both the groups had shown similar results in all criteria. Conclusion: Within the limitation of the study, it can be concluded that both the treatment modalities are successful in terms of buccal defect reduction, stability, and increase in crestal bone level.

(Ex. Service Senior Resident, Department of Prosthodontics, Faculty of Dental Sciences, IMS, Banaras Hindu University) (Professor & Dean, Department of Orthodontics, Faculty of Dental Sciences, IMS, Banaras Hindu University) 3 (Associate Professor, Department of Prosthodontics, Faculty of Dental Sciences, IMS, Banaras Hindu University) (Assistant Professor, Department of Prosthodontics, Faculty of Dental Sciences, IMS, Banaras Hindu University) (Associate Professor, Department of Conservative Dentistry & Endodontics, Faculty of Dental Sciences, IMS, Banaras Hindu University)

Endometriosis is the ectopic presence of endometrial tissue outside the uterus. Though on its own endometriosis is not a rare lesion, the involvement of the urinary tract is rare but with the bladder being the most commonly affected organ. Endometriosis is usually seen in females between the ages of 30-40 years and may occur due to fluctuating levels of oestrogen and progesterone. Clinically the patient maybe asymptomatic or show symptoms of dysmenorrhea, irregular or heavy periods, pain in the pelvic area, lower abdomen or in the back. It has been suggested that ultrasonography should be done either before or during menstruation as the lesion becomes more evident and a biopsy taken during this period is a strong aid in reaching a final diagnosis. We report here an unusual case of bladder endometriosis where the patient came with severe pelvic pain and an endoluminal mass seen on the ultrasonographic report. Based on these findings a differential of transitional cell carcinoma was given which was ruled out based on the cystoscopic findings.

Background: Chronic infection has a known effect on the cytokine levels of the body which adversely affects erythropoiesis. Aim: The aim of this study is to compare hematological parameters among participants with and without chronic periodontitis which also is a known infectious inflammatory disease of the gums. Materials and Methods: Forty patients with severe chronic periodontitis (Group A) and forty periodontally healthy participants (Group B) in the age group of 30–55 years presenting to the Outpatient Department of the Faculty of Dental Sciences, Banaras Hindu University, were recruited in the study and were assessed for various hematological and periodontal parameters. SPSS 17.0 version was used. Student's t-test (unpaired) was used. P < 0.05 was considered statistically significant. Results: Group A showed lower hemoglobin (Hb, 13.47 ± 1.05, P = 0.019), erythrocyte count (4.63 ± 0.40, P = 0.002), and mean corpuscular Hb concentration (32.58 ± 0.90, P = 0.003) values compared to Group B (13.95 ± 0.70, 4.90 ± 0.33, and 33.18 ± 0.81, respectively). Conclusion: Within the limitations of the study, it can be safely deduced that a positive relationship exists between the hematological parameters and severity of chronic periodontal disease, suggesting that long-standing chronic periodontitis may lead to the development of signs of anemia.