309 results on '"B. Gallwitz"'
Search Results
2. Diabetes mellitus an der Schnittstelle von Pädiatrie und Erwachsenenmedizin
- Author
-
A. Neu and B. Gallwitz
- Subjects
Gynecology ,03 medical and health sciences ,medicine.medical_specialty ,0302 clinical medicine ,business.industry ,Internal Medicine ,Medicine ,030209 endocrinology & metabolism ,Interdisciplinary communication ,030212 general & internal medicine ,business - Abstract
Patienten mit chronischen Erkrankungen, die bereits im Kindesalter auftreten, wie Diabetes mellitus Typ 1, benotigen einen guten Ubergang von der padiatrischen Versorgung zur Erwachsenenmedizin. Dieser Ubergang (Transition) ist fur den Patienten und die jeweiligen Behandlungsteams eine Herausforderung, vor allem da in diesem Lebensabschnitt bei Diabetes die Stoffwechsellage oft instabil ist. Zusatzliche Faktoren wie das soziale Umfeld und Begleiterkrankungen mussen berucksichtigt werden und stellen oft Hurden fur eine optimale Therapie dar. Die Transition ist ein wichtiger Prozess, um langfristig ein gutes Behandlungsselbstmanagement und gute Langzeitergebnisse zu sichern. Dieser Beitrag gibt eine Ubersicht und Empfehlungen zum Thema Transition bei Diabetes mellitus.
- Published
- 2018
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
3. Praxisempfehlungen DDG/DGIM
- Author
-
R. Landgraf, M. Kellerer, E. Fach, B. Gallwitz, A. Hamann, H. Joost, H. Klein, D. Müller-Wieland, M. Nauck, H. Reuter, S. Schreiber, and E. Siegel
- Subjects
Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism - Published
- 2016
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
4. [Diabetes mellitus at the interface between pediatric and adult medicine]
- Author
-
B, Gallwitz and A, Neu
- Subjects
Adult ,Transition to Adult Care ,Diabetes Mellitus, Type 1 ,Adolescent ,Adolescent Health Services ,Chronic Disease ,Humans ,Child ,Delivery of Health Care - Abstract
Patients with chronic diseases manifesting in childhood, such as type 1 diabetes, need to make an optimal transition from pediatric to adult medical care. This or transitionis a challenge for patients and their treatment teams, since metabolic control is often unstable at this time of life. Additional factors like the social environment, as well as concomitant diseases, also need to be taken into account and often represent hurdles to optimal therapy. Transition is an important process to guarantee good self-management of diabetes therapy and good outcomes in the long term. This review provides an overview and recommendations on the topic of transition in diabetes.
- Published
- 2018
5. Optionen zur Intensivierung einer Basalinsulintherapie bei Menschen mit Typ-2-Diabetes – Stellenwert der GLP-1-Rezeptoragonisten in der Kombinationstherapie
- Author
-
S Matthaei and B Gallwitz
- Subjects
Gynecology ,medicine.medical_specialty ,business.industry ,Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism ,Internal Medicine ,medicine ,Body weight ,business ,Albiglutide - Abstract
Bei Menschen mit Typ-2-Diabetes, die eine mit Basalinsulin unterstutzte orale Therapie (BOT) erhalten, entsteht haufig die Notwendigkeit zur weiteren Intensivierung der Therapie. In derartigen Situationen sind Glucagon-like-peptide-1-Rezeptoragonisten (GLP-1-RA) wegen ihrer sich erganzenden Eigenschaften zu Insulin besonders gut fur die Kombinationstherapie geeignet. In der Gesamtschau von 10 randomisierten kontrollierten Studien wurden mit GLP-1-RA und kurz wirksamen Insulinen mindestens gleich gute HbA1c-Reduktionen erreicht. Einzelne Studien zeigen fur GLP-1-RA Vorteile hinsichtlich einer um ca. 0,5–1,5mmol/l starkeren Reduktion des Nuchternblutzuckers, weniger Hypoglykamien, einer deutlich gunstigeren Gewichtsentwicklung, einer Reduktion des systolischen Blutdrucks um ca. 4–5mmHg. Dagegen konnen mit kurz wirksamen Insulinanaloga postprandiale Blutzuckerwerte gezielter beeinflusst und zur Forderung der Therapieadharenz und -persistenz unerwunschte gastrointestinale Ereignisse zu Therapiebeginn vermieden werden. GLP-1-RA konnen die Therapieadharenz im Vergleich zu kurz wirksamen Insulinanaloga verbessern durch Korpergewichtsreduktionen, weniger Hypoglykamien, eine geringe Komplexitat der Behandlung und eine hohere Therapiezufriedenheit. Bei bestimmten Patienten mit Typ-2-Diabetes konnte im Verlauf die Insulindosis reduziert oder Insulin abgesetzt werden.
- Published
- 2015
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
6. Stellenwert der Insulinanaloga bei der Therapie von Menschen mit Typ-2-Diabetes – Vorteile bezüglich Praktikabilität, Hypoglykämierisiko und Blutzuckereinstellung
- Author
-
D. Westrup, B. Gallwitz, and G.-W. Schmeisl
- Subjects
Gynecology ,medicine.medical_specialty ,business.industry ,Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism ,Internal Medicine ,Human insulin ,Medicine ,business ,Body weight - Abstract
Die Beurteilung des Stellenwertes der verschiedenen Insuline bei Diabetes mellitus Typ 2 ist fur den Behandlungsalltag von grundlegender Bedeutung. Im Vergleich zu Humaninsulin fluten kurz wirksame Insulinanaloga schneller an und haben eine hohere Peakwirkung sowie eine kurzere Wirkdauer. Lang wirksame Insulinanaloga haben ein flacheres Wirkprofil und eine langere Wirkdauer als NPH-Insulin. In der Folge ermoglichen Insulinanaloga im Allgemeinen eine verbesserte glykamische Kontrolle. Auserdem sind Unterschiede im Bereich der Praktikabilitat von Bedeutung (Spritz-Ess-Abstand und Zwischenmahlzeiten bei kurz wirksamen Insulinen sowie Durchmischen der Suspension und Anzahl der Injektionen bei lang wirksamen Insulinen). Die Konsequenzen fur die klinische Praxis werden unterschiedlich beurteilt, wie ein Verordnungsanteil von ca. 50% fur die Insulinanaloga in Deutschland im Vergleich zu ca. 90% in bestimmten anderen europaischen Landern zeigt. Das Fortbestehen von offenen Fragen ist im Wesentlichen auf das Fehlen von aussagekraftigen Langzeitstudien zu diabetesbezogenen Komplikationen zuruckzufuhren.
- Published
- 2015
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
7. Empagliflozin – Insulinunabhängige Kontrolle der Glykämieparameter bei Diabetes mellitus Typ 2 durch Inhibition des Natrium-Glukose-Cotransporters SGLT2
- Author
-
M. D. Brendel, V. Schmid, E. Mönnig, L. Merker, Cloth Hohberg, and B. Gallwitz
- Subjects
Gynecology ,medicine.medical_specialty ,business.industry ,Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism ,Empagliflozin ,Medicine ,business - Abstract
Das neue orale Antidiabetikum Empagliflozin ist ein selektiver Inhibitor des aktiven natriumabhangigen Glukosecotransporters SGLT2 (sodium glucose linked transporter 2) zur insulinunabhangigen Kontrolle des Blutzuckers bei Typ-2-Diabetes mellitus, der seit Mai 2014 in den Landern der Europaischen Union zugelassen ist. Die SGLT2-Inhibition ist ein neuer Therapieansatz zur Blutzuckersenkung durch Hemmung der Glukosereabsorption in der Niere mit erhohter Glukoseausscheidung uber den Harn. Die Senkung des Nuchtern- und des postprandialen Blutzuckers erfolgt unabhangig von Insulinwirkung und Insulinsekretion sowie unabhangig vom Ausmas der Insulinresistenz und des Betazellfunktionsverlustes. Es besteht kein substanzeigenes Hypoglykamierisiko. Zusatzlich fuhrt die SGLT2-Inhibition mit Empagliflozin zur Gewichtsabnahme und Blutdrucksenkung. Dieser Ubersichtsartikel erlautert das Wirkprinzip der SGLT2-Inhibition und fasst klinische Daten zu Empagliflozin in der Monotherapie, den oralen Kombinationstherapien (einschlieslich gepoolter Daten) und den Kombinationstherapien mit Insulin zusammen. Der primare Studienendpunkt war die HbA1c-Anderung. In den sieben dargestellten Studien und in der gepoolten Analyse war die mittlere HbA1c-Senkung mit Empagliflozin (10 bzw. 25 mg/Tag) klinisch relevant und statistisch signifikant versus Placebo und dem Sulfonylharnstoff Glimepirid. Je nach Studie und Dosis lagen die mittleren placebokorrigierten HbA1c-Senkungen nach 24 Wochen Therapie mit Empagliflozin bei bis zu 0,9 %.
- Published
- 2015
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
8. Optionen zur Intensivierung einer Basalinsulintherapie bei Menschen mit Typ-2-Diabetes
- Author
-
S Matthaei and B Gallwitz
- Subjects
Gynecology ,medicine.medical_specialty ,business.industry ,Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism ,medicine ,business ,Body weight - Abstract
Einleitung: Bei Menschen mit Typ-2-Diabetes, die eine mit Basalinsulin unterstutzte orale Therapie (BOT) erhalten, entsteht haufig die Notwendigkeit zur weiteren Intensivierung der Therapie. In derartigen Situationen sind Glucagon-like-peptide-1-Rezeptoragonisten (GLP-1-RA) wegen ihrer sich erganzenden Eigenschaften zu Insulin besonders gut fur die Kombinationstherapie geeignet. Methodik: Anhand von Studien zur Intensivierung einer bestehenden Insulintherapie mit den GLP-1-RA Exenatid, Liraglutid oder Albiglutid wird der Stellenwert von GLP-1-RA im Vergleich zu kurz wirksamen Insulinanaloga bei der Intensivierung einer BOT bei Typ-2-Diabetes analysiert. Ergebnisse: In der Gesamtschau von zehn randomisierten kontrollierten Studien, insbesondere der 4B-Studie zu Exenatid, der BEGIN-VICTOZA-ADD-ON-Studie zu Liraglutid und der HARMONY-6-Studie zu Albiglutid, wurden mit GLP-1-RA und kurz wirksamen Insulinen mindestens gleich gute HbA 1c -Reduktionen erreicht. Einzelne Studien zeigen fur GLP-1-RA Vorteile hinsichtlich einer um ca. 0,5 – 1,5 mmol/l starkeren Reduktion des Nuchternblutzuckers, weniger Hypoglykamien, einer deutlich gunstigeren Gewichtsentwicklung, einer Reduktion des systolischen Blutdrucks um ca. 4 – 5 mmHg. Dagegen konnen mit kurz wirksamen Insulinanaloga postprandiale Blutzuckerwerte gezielter beeinflusst und zur Forderung der Therapieadharenz und -persistenz unerwunschte gastrointestinale Ereignisse zu Therapiebeginn vermieden werden. GLP-1-RA konnen die Therapieadharenz im Vergleich zu kurz wirksamen Insulinanaloga verbessern durch Korpergewichtsreduktionen, weniger Hypoglykamien, eine geringe Komplexitat der Behandlung und eine hohere Therapiezufriedenheit. Bei bestimmten Patienten mit Typ-2-Diabetes konnte im Verlauf die Insulindosis reduziert oder Insulin abgesetzt werden. Schlussfolgerung: Der Vergleich von GLP-1-RA und kurz wirksamen Insulinanaloga als Optionen zur Therapieintensivierung bei einer BOT ergibt ein differenziertes Bild, das die Basis fur ein individualisiertes therapeutisches Vorgehen bei Patienten mit unzureichend kontrolliertem Typ-2-Diabetes darstellt. Offene Fragen bestehen hinsichtlich langfristiger Auswirkungen auf diabetesbezogene Komplikationen und bezuglich des individuell optimalen Zeitpunktes der erstmaligen Gabe von GLP-1-RA.
- Published
- 2015
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
9. Inkretin-basierte Therapie: ein ergänzender Therapieansatz bei Patienten mit Typ-1-Diabetes?
- Author
-
B. Gallwitz and J. Kienhöfer
- Subjects
Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism - Published
- 2015
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
10. Stellenwert der Insulinanaloga bei der Therapie von Menschen mit Typ-2-Diabetes
- Author
-
D. Westrup, G.-W. Schmeisl, and B. Gallwitz
- Subjects
Gynecology ,medicine.medical_specialty ,business.industry ,Insulin ,medicine.medical_treatment ,General Medicine ,Type 2 diabetes ,Hypoglycemia ,Insulin pharmacokinetics ,medicine.disease ,Body weight ,Diabetes mellitus ,Human insulin ,Medicine ,business - Abstract
Die Beurteilung des Stellenwertes der verschiedenen Insuline bei Typ 2 Diabetes mellitus ist fur den Behandlungsalltag von grundlegender Bedeutung. Im Vergleich zu Humaninsulin fluten kurz wirksame Insulinanaloga schneller an und haben eine hohere Peakwirkung sowie eine kurzere Wirkdauer. Lang wirksame Insulinanaloga haben ein flacheres Wirkprofil und eine langere Wirkdauer als NPH-Insulin. In der Folge ermoglichen Insulinanaloga im Allgemeinen eine verbesserte glykamische Kontrolle. Auserdem sind Unterschiede im Bereich der Praktikabilitat von Bedeutung (Spritz-Ess-Abstand und Zwischenmahlzeiten bei kurz wirksamen Insulinen sowie Durchmischen der Suspension und Anzahl der Injektionen bei lang wirksamen Insulinen). Die Konsequenzen fur die klinische Praxis werden unterschiedlich beurteilt wie ein Verordnungsanteil von ca. 50 % fur die Insulinanaloga in Deutschland im Vergleich zu ca. 90 % in bestimmten anderen europaischen Landern zeigt. Das Fortbestehen von offenen Fragen ist im Wesentlichen auf das Fehlen von aussagekraftigen Langzeitstudien zu diabetesbezogenen Komplikationen zuruckzufuhren.
- Published
- 2014
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
11. Neue antihyperglykämische Therapeutika
- Author
-
B Gallwitz and S Nitschmann
- Subjects
Nephrology ,medicine.medical_specialty ,business.industry ,medicine.medical_treatment ,Thrombolysis ,Saxagliptin ,medicine.disease ,Angina ,chemistry.chemical_compound ,chemistry ,Internal medicine ,Diabetes mellitus ,Internal Medicine ,medicine ,Cardiology ,Myocardial infarction ,business ,TIMI ,Alogliptin - Published
- 2014
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
12. Praxisempfehlungen DDG/DGIM
- Author
-
A. Hamann, Stefan Schreiber, E. Fach, B. Gallwitz, Dirk Müller-Wieland, Matthias Nauck, Harald Klein, H. G. Joost, R. Landgraf, S. Matthaei, E. G. Siegel, Monika Kellerer, and H. M. Reuter
- Subjects
Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism - Published
- 2013
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
13. How Do We Continue Treatment in Patients With Type 2 Diabetes When Therapeutic Goals Are Not Reached With Oral Antidiabetes Agents and Lifestyle? Incretin versus insulin treatment
- Author
-
B. Gallwitz and Reinhard G. Bretzel
- Subjects
medicine.medical_specialty ,medicine.drug_class ,Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism ,medicine.medical_treatment ,Administration, Oral ,Incretin ,Type 2 diabetes ,Hypoglycemia ,Incretins ,Patient Care Planning ,Patient-Centered Care ,Internal medicine ,Diabetes mellitus ,Internal Medicine ,medicine ,Humans ,Hypoglycemic Agents ,Insulin ,Life Style ,Advanced and Specialized Nursing ,business.industry ,nutritional and metabolic diseases ,medicine.disease ,Combined Modality Therapy ,Sulfonylurea ,Metformin ,Endocrinology ,Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2 ,Diabetes Therapy ,business ,Risk Reduction Behavior ,Pioglitazone ,medicine.drug - Abstract
The pandemic of type 2 diabetes necessitates early and effective treatment to delay or prevent micro- and macrovascular complications associated with diabetes (1–3). However, the majority of patients with type 2 diabetes do not reach their therapeutic goals as a result of insufficient treatment. The cardiovascular mortality risk is increased, and 75% of patients with type 2 diabetes die of cardiovascular events. Type 2 diabetes is the main cause of end-stage renal disease and dialysis in many countries (4). The vascular complication risk can be lowered by improved metabolic control (2,3). However, further important treatment goals such as body weight reduction or the prevention of hypoglycemia are seldom accomplished. In type 2 diabetes, a stepwise escalation of therapy is suggested along the course and progression of the disease. Metformin is widely accepted as the first-line therapy, but owing to partly lacking evidence, with regard to further therapeutic steps there is room for various individual treatment choices. Recently, a Position Statement by the American Diabetes Association (ADA) and the European Association for the Study of Diabetes (EASD) tried to value and position second- and third-line therapies according to their efficacy, side effects, hypoglycemia incidence, body weight development, and costs (5). Adding another oral agent to metformin in order to escalate therapy when necessary presently gives the choice of sulfonylureas, glinides, dipeptidyl peptidase (DPP)-4 inhibitors, pioglitazone, and α-glucosidase inhibitors. The efficacy of these agents as add-on medication to metformin is only modest, and on average an additional HbA1c reduction of ~0.5–1% can be expected. Furthermore, the treatment with sulfonylureas, glinides, and pioglitazone is associated with body weight gain. Sulfonylurea and glinide therapy is also associated with a risk of hypoglycemia. α-Glucosidase inhibitors predominantly lower postprandial hyperglycemia and therefore show less HbA1c reduction in most studies. …
- Published
- 2013
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
14. Inkretinbasierte Therapien
- Author
-
B. Gallwitz
- Subjects
Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism - Abstract
Inkretinbasierte Therapien zur Behandlung des Typ-2-Diabetes haben sich seit ihrer Einfuhrung 2006 etabliert. Die „Glucagon-like-peptide-1“-Rezeptor-Agonisten (GLP-1-RA) zur Injektion und die oral-wirksamen Dipeptidylpeptidase(DPP)-4-Inhibitoren haben eine streng glukoseabhangige Wirkung sowohl auf die Insulin- als auch auf die Glukagonsekretion. Daher gehen sie mit einem vernachlassigbaren intrinsischen Hypoglykamierisiko einher. Die GLP-1-RA wirken nur uber die Stimulation des GLP-1-Rezeptors und stimulieren ihn mit Rezeptorligandenkonzentrationen, die im pharmakologischen Bereich liegen. Sie verlangsamen abhangig von ihrer Wirkdauer die Magenentleerung und stimulieren ferner das Sattigungsgefuhl im zentralen Nervensystem; dies fuhrt konsekutiv zu einer Korpergewichtsabnahme. Die DPP-4-Inhibitoren erhohen v. a. endogene GLP-1-Konzentrationen um das etwa 2- bis 3-Fache. Sie sind gewichtsneutral, da sie keine zentralnervosen Effekte oder Wirkung auf die gastrointestinale Motilitat haben. Jungste Studien weisen auf gunstige kardiovaskulare Effekte inkretinbasierter Therapien hin. Dieser Beitrag gibt einen Uberblick uber neue Entwicklungen auf diesem Therapiegebiet.
- Published
- 2013
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
15. Saxagliptin vs. glipizide as add-on therapy in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus inadequately controlled on metformin alone: long-term (52-week) extension of a 52-week randomised controlled trial
- Author
-
Ingrid Gause-Nilsson, Burkhard Göke, Johan G. Eriksson, B. Gallwitz, and Åsa Hellqvist
- Subjects
Adult ,Blood Glucose ,Male ,medicine.medical_specialty ,endocrine system diseases ,Adamantane ,Saxagliptin ,Lower risk ,Gastroenterology ,law.invention ,chemistry.chemical_compound ,Randomized controlled trial ,law ,Weight loss ,Internal medicine ,Diabetes mellitus ,Humans ,Hypoglycemic Agents ,Medicine ,Aged ,Aged, 80 and over ,Glycated Hemoglobin ,Dipeptidyl-Peptidase IV Inhibitors ,business.industry ,nutritional and metabolic diseases ,Dipeptides ,General Medicine ,Middle Aged ,medicine.disease ,Hypoglycemia ,Metformin ,Treatment Outcome ,Endocrinology ,Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2 ,Tolerability ,chemistry ,Drug Therapy, Combination ,Female ,medicine.symptom ,business ,Glipizide ,medicine.drug - Abstract
SUMMARY Aim: To compare the long-term safety, tolerability and efficacy of saxagliptin vs. glipizide as add-on therapy to metformin. Methods: Adults with glycated haemoglobin (HbA1c) > 6.5–10% (on stable metformin 1500 mg/day) were randomised to saxagliptin 5 mg/day (n = 428) or glipizide titrated from 5 to 20 mg/day (mean dose 15 mg/day; n = 430) for 52 weeks with a 52-week extension (NCT00575588). Assessment of the long-term safety, tolerability and efficacy of add-on saxagliptin vs. glipizide after 104 weeks was a tertiary objective of the initial 52-week study. Results: Saxagliptin was well tolerated during the 104-week period; 67.1% of patients receiving saxagliptin vs. 72.6% receiving glipizide had 1 adverse event (AE), and few patients (4.9% vs. 5.6%) discontinued owing to AEs. Fewer patients treated with saxagliptin experienced hypoglycaemia (3.5% vs. 38.4% with glipizide; difference, 34.9%, 95% CI, 39.8 to 30.0) or confirmed hypoglycaemia (0 vs. 9.1% with glipizide). Weight loss was observed with saxagliptin (1.5 kg) vs. weight gain with glipizide (+1.3 kg; between-group difference, 2.8 kg, 95% CI, 3.32 kg to 2.20 kg). Change from baseline in HbA1c was 0.41 0.04% with saxagliptin and 0.35 0.04% with glipizide (betweengroup difference, 0.05%, 95% CI, 0.17 to 0.06%). A post hoc analysis showed that the proportion of patients with baseline HbA1c 7% who achieved HbA1c < 7% (observed data) at week 104 was 23.1% for saxagliptin + metformin and 22.7% for glipizide + metformin. Discussion and Conclusion: A lower risk of hypoglycaemia and reduced body weight were observed with saxagliptin vs. glipizide. No other clinically significant differences were observed between groups in safety profile. No significant between-group differences were observed for reductions in glycaemic parameters. After week 24, a smaller weekly rise in HbA1c was observed with saxagliptin vs. glipizide as add-on therapy to metformin. What’s known The achievement of glycaemic control without hypoglycaemia or weight gain is an important goal in the management of patients with T2DM. Because of the progressive nature of T2DM, most patients eventually require combination antihyperglycaemic therapy to achieve and maintain adequate glycaemic control. The efficacy, safety and tolerability of saxagliptin vs. glipizide as add-on therapy to metformin have previously been demonstrated in a 52-week randomised, doubleblind study. What’s new This article describes the results of a 52-week extension of the initial 52-week study comparing saxagliptin vs. glipizide as add-on to metformin. Results were generally consistent with those of the initial study: over 104 weeks of treatment, the addition of saxagliptin to metformin resulted in similar improvements in measures of glycaemic control, with a lower risk of hypoglycaemia and weight gain compared with the addition of glipizide to metformin.
- Published
- 2013
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
16. Therapie des Typ-2-Diabetes im klinischen Alltag – Ergebnisse aus einem standardisierten nicht interventionellen Register (SIRTA)
- Author
-
S. Hildemann, K. Kusterer, and B. Gallwitz
- Subjects
Gynecology ,medicine.medical_specialty ,business.industry ,Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism ,medicine ,business - Abstract
Eine moderne antidiabetische Therapie muss niedrige HbA1c-Werte erreichen und hypoglykamische Komplikationen vermeiden. Die Registerstudie SIRTA schloss 1522 Patienten mit Typ-2-Diabetes (T2DM) aus 306 Praxen in Deutschland ein. Die Patienten wiesen unter einer maximal tolerierten Metformindosis ein HbA1c > 6,5 % auf. Sie erhielten bei Bedarf nach den Algorithmen der Deutschen Diabetes Gesellschaft (DDG) und ublicher arztlicher Praxis eine Kombinationstherapie mit anderen Antidiabetika und wurden uber 6 Monate beobachtet. Zu den Zielkriterien gehorten das Erreichen vereinbarter HbA1c-Zielwerte sowie schwere hypoglykamische Episoden. Der HbA1c-Zielwert lag fur 64,0 % der Patienten bei
- Published
- 2012
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
17. Improved glycaemic control with vildagliptin added to insulin, with or without metformin, in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus
- Author
-
Wolfgang Kothny, James E. Foley, B. Gallwitz, Q. Shao, Valentina Lukashevich, and Plamen Kozlovski
- Subjects
Blood Glucose ,Male ,Pyrrolidines ,endocrine system diseases ,Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism ,medicine.medical_treatment ,Adamantane ,Type 2 diabetes ,Gastroenterology ,law.invention ,Endocrinology ,Randomized controlled trial ,law ,Insulin Secretion ,Insulin ,Medicine ,Vildagliptin ,Aged, 80 and over ,Middle Aged ,Metformin ,Europe ,Treatment Outcome ,Drug Therapy, Combination ,Female ,medicine.drug ,Adult ,medicine.medical_specialty ,Asia ,Adolescent ,Placebo ,Drug Administration Schedule ,Double-Blind Method ,Internal medicine ,Diabetes mellitus ,Nitriles ,Internal Medicine ,Humans ,Hypoglycemic Agents ,Aged ,Glycated Hemoglobin ,business.industry ,Body Weight ,Australia ,nutritional and metabolic diseases ,Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus ,Glucose Tolerance Test ,medicine.disease ,United States ,Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2 ,business - Abstract
Aim The aim of this study is to assess the efficacy and safety of vildagliptin 50 mg bid as add-on therapy to insulin in type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). Methods This is a multicentre, double-blind, placebo-controlled, parallel group, clinical trial in T2DM patients inadequately controlled by stable insulin therapy, with or without metformin. Patients received treatment with vildagliptin 50 mg bid or placebo for 24 weeks. Results In all, 449 patients were randomized to vildagliptin (n = 228) or placebo (n = 221). After 24 weeks, the difference in adjusted mean change in haemoglobin A1c (HbA1c) between vildagliptin and placebo was −0.7 ± 0.1% (p
- Published
- 2012
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
18. Synergien nutzen: Insulin plus GLP-1-Rezeptoragonisten - innovative Therapiestrategie mit Zukunft?
- Author
-
A. Haupt, B. Gallwitz, A. Hamann, and O. Bachmann
- Subjects
Gynecology ,medicine.medical_specialty ,business.industry ,Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism ,Medicine ,business - Abstract
Trotz neuer Therapieoptionen und moderner Insuline bleibt die Therapie des Typ-2-Diabetes eine Herausforderung, insbesondere bei Patienten mit Adipositas. Oft ist es schwierig, die strengen HbA1c-Zielwerte zu erreichen, und selbst wenn es gelingt, ist die HbA1c-Senkung nicht selten durch Gewichtszunahme und Haufung von Hypoglykamien erkauft. Neue Therapiestrategien sind deshalb gerade fur das problematische Patientensegment mit Adipositas, Insulinresistenz und inadaquat erhohtem HbA1c erforderlich. Aus pathophysiologischer Sicht ist die Kombinationstherapie mit Insulin und Glukagon-like-Peptide-1(GLP-1)-Rezeptoragonisten sinnvoll, wenngleich harte klinische Daten zur Reduktion mikro- und makrosvaskularer Komplikationen noch ausstehen. Diese Ubersichtsarbeit fasst die verfugbaren Studiendaten zusammen und zeigt, dass die Kombination von Insulin plus GLP-1-Rezeptoragonist haufig mit einer erheblichen Stoffwechselverbesserung einhergeht und zusatzlich zur Gewichtsabnahme fuhrt, bei nur geringem Anstieg des Hypoglykamierisikos, allerdings assoziiert mit dem bekannten gastrointestinalen Nebenwirkungsprofil der GLP-1-Rezeptoragonisten. Auserdem wird dargestellt, warum kurz wirksame GLP-1-Rezeptoragonisten, die mit einer deutlichen Senkung der postprandialen Blutzuckerspiegel assoziiert sind, eventuell besonders geeignet sind fur die Kombination mit einem Basalinsulin, lang wirksame GLP-1-Rezeptoragonisten, die auf die Kontrolle des Nuchternblutzuckers abzielen, dagegen wahrscheinlich eher fur die Kombination mit komplexeren Regimes wie der intensivierten konventionellen Insulintherapie, wenngleich auch hier klinische Vergleichsdaten fehlen.
- Published
- 2012
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
19. Contribution of insulin deficiency and insulin resistance to the development of type 2 diabetes: nature of early stage diabetes
- Author
-
Christof Kazda, B. Gallwitz, Guntram Schernthaner, Claudia Nicolay, and Petra Kraus
- Subjects
Adult ,Blood Glucose ,Male ,medicine.medical_specialty ,endocrine system diseases ,Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism ,medicine.medical_treatment ,Type 2 diabetes ,Overweight ,Cohort Studies ,Young Adult ,Endocrinology ,Insulin resistance ,Internal medicine ,Diabetes mellitus ,Internal Medicine ,medicine ,Humans ,Insulin ,Aged ,Aged, 80 and over ,Glycated Hemoglobin ,Glucose tolerance test ,medicine.diagnostic_test ,business.industry ,nutritional and metabolic diseases ,General Medicine ,Glucose Tolerance Test ,Middle Aged ,medicine.disease ,Metformin ,Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2 ,Disease Progression ,Female ,Insulin Resistance ,medicine.symptom ,business ,Exenatide ,medicine.drug - Abstract
At the time of diagnosis of type 2 diabetes (T2D), patients already have varying degrees of beta-cell dysfunction and insulin resistance and the defects continue to deteriorate despite treatment. We examined insulin secretion impairment and insulin resistance in overweight patients with T2D who had metformin failure, with elevated HbA1c at maximal metformin dose. Patients (N = 1,039) were examined at entry to the European Exenatide (EUREXA) clinical trial of add-on exenatide versus sulphonylurea. Mean (±SD) age was 57 ± 10 years, and BMI was 32.4 ± 4.1 kg/m(2). All patients underwent an oral glucose tolerance test; HOMA-IR, HOMA-B, ∆I(30)/∆G(30), disposition index and pro-insulin/insulin ratio were evaluated in relation to stratified HbA1c levels (≤7.3, >7.3-8.2, >8.2%) and duration of diabetes (
- Published
- 2011
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
20. Behandlung des Diabetes mellitus Typ 2
- Author
-
E. G. Siegel, G. Schernthaner, R. Bierwirth, Andreas Fritsche, F. Thienel, Hans-Ulrich Häring, S. Matthaei, T. Kunt, Monika Kellerer, H. G. Joost, C. Kloos, Michael A. Nauck, and B. Gallwitz
- Subjects
Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism - Published
- 2010
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
21. Saxagliptin is non-inferior to glipizide in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus inadequately controlled on metformin alone: a 52-week randomised controlled trial
- Author
-
Burkhard Göke, Johan G. Eriksson, B. Gallwitz, Ingrid Gause-Nilsson, and Åsa Hellqvist
- Subjects
medicine.medical_specialty ,endocrine system diseases ,medicine.drug_class ,030209 endocrinology & metabolism ,Type 2 diabetes ,030204 cardiovascular system & hematology ,Saxagliptin ,Lower risk ,Gastroenterology ,03 medical and health sciences ,chemistry.chemical_compound ,0302 clinical medicine ,Internal medicine ,Medicine ,Adverse effect ,business.industry ,nutritional and metabolic diseases ,General Medicine ,medicine.disease ,Sulfonylurea ,3. Good health ,Discontinuation ,Metformin ,Endocrinology ,chemistry ,business ,Glipizide ,medicine.drug - Abstract
Summary Aim: To assess the efficacy and safety of saxagliptin vs. glipizide as add-on therapy to metformin in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus and inadequate glycaemic control on metformin alone. Methods and patients: A total of 858 patients [age ≥ 18 years; glycated haemoglobin (HbA1c) > 6.5 – 10.0%; on stable metformin doses ≥ 1500 mg/day] were randomised 1 : 1 to saxagliptin 5 mg/day or glipizide up-titrated as needed from 5 to 20 mg/day for 52 weeks. The primary objective was to assess if the change from baseline HbA1c achieved with saxagliptin plus metformin was non-inferior to glipizide plus metformin. Results: The per-protocol analysis demonstrated non-inferiority of saxagliptin vs. glipizide; adjusted mean changes from baseline HbA1c were −0.74% vs. −0.80%, respectively; the between-group difference was 0.06% (95% CI, −0.05% to 0.16%). Treatment with saxagliptin vs. glipizide was associated with a significantly smaller proportion of patients with hypoglycaemic events (3.0% vs. 36.3%; p
- Published
- 2010
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
22. Betazellen, Inseln und Inkretine
- Author
-
B. Gallwitz
- Subjects
Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism - Published
- 2010
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
23. Stellenwert Inkretin-basierter Therapieformen
- Author
-
B Gallwitz
- Subjects
medicine.medical_specialty ,business.industry ,Adamantane ,DPP-4 Inhibitors ,Incretin ,General Medicine ,Type 2 diabetes ,medicine.disease ,Glucagon-like peptide-1 ,Incretin mimetics ,chemistry.chemical_compound ,Endocrinology ,chemistry ,Internal medicine ,medicine ,business ,Value (mathematics) ,Dipeptidyl-Peptidase IV Inhibitors - Published
- 2009
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
24. Medikamentöse antihyperglykämische Therapie des Diabetes mellitus Typ 2
- Author
-
Michael A. Nauck, E. G. Siegel, G. Schernthaner, Andreas Fritsche, Monika Kellerer, R. Bierwirth, H. G. Joost, S. Matthaei, F. Thienel, C. Kloos, HU Häring, B. Gallwitz, and T. Kunt
- Subjects
business.industry ,Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism ,Medicine ,business - Published
- 2009
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
25. Cushing's Disease Associated with both Pituitary Microadenoma and Corticotroph Hyperplasia
- Author
-
M. Mittelbronn, B. Gallwitz, R. Meyermann, and Michael Haap
- Subjects
endocrine system ,Pituitary gland ,Pathology ,medicine.medical_specialty ,Hydrocortisone ,Adenoma ,Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism ,Cushing syndrome ,Endocrinology ,Adrenocorticotropic Hormone ,Intensive care ,Internal Medicine ,medicine ,Humans ,Pituitary Neoplasms ,Pituitary ACTH Hypersecretion ,Hyperplasia ,business.industry ,Focal nodular hyperplasia ,General Medicine ,Cushing's disease ,Middle Aged ,medicine.disease ,Magnetic Resonance Imaging ,Inferior petrosal sinus sampling ,ACTH-Secreting Pituitary Adenoma ,medicine.anatomical_structure ,Female ,business - Abstract
Herein, we present the case of a 63-year old female patient with initial symptoms of myopathy, hypokaliemia, glucosuria and psychotic symptoms. Laboratory analysis demonstrated elevated plasma levels of ACTH and cortisol. Additionally, urine cortisol excretion was increased approximately 60-fold. MRI imaging revealed a possible pituitary microadenoma. To confirm the diagnosis a bilateral inferior petrosal sinus sampling was performed presenting higher ACTH levels on the right side. However, after surgery cortisol levels did not return to normal range. Histological examination of the tumor revealed a microadenoma. Six days postoperatively, the patient developed several pneumonic infiltrations and fever therefore antibiotic and antifungal therapy was started immediately. In addition aspergillus antigen was elevated. During this septic condition, cortisol levels further increased. The patient died despite optimal intensive care under septical conditions 8 days after surgery. Microbiological analysis identified Aspergillus fumigatus in broncho-alveolar lavage and several organ systems including the heart and brain. Neuropathological autopsy revealed nodular proliferations of corticotropic cells in the pituitary gland that are assumed to be morphological entities between diffuse hyperplasias and adenomas, termed as tumorlets. In single reports, multiple pituitary lesions in patients with Cushing's disease have been demonstrated, but to our knowledge none of these cases presented the combination of an ACTH-producing microadenoma and corticotroph cell hyperplasia in the same patient. Therefore, even after resection of a pituitary microadenoma one should be aware of the possibility of continuously elevated ACTH level being due to multifocal nodular corticotroph hyperplasia which is invisible by neuroradiological examination.
- Published
- 2008
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
26. Inkretinbasierte Antidiabetika im Vergleich: GLP-1-Mimetika und DPP-IV-Inhibitoren
- Author
-
B. Gallwitz
- Subjects
Dpp iv inhibitors ,Chemistry ,Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism ,medicine ,Type 2 diabetes ,GLP-1 Mimetics ,Pharmacology ,medicine.disease - Published
- 2008
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
27. Neue Substanzen in der oralen Medikation des Diabetes mellitus Typ 2
- Author
-
B. Gallwitz
- Subjects
Gynecology ,medicine.medical_specialty ,business.industry ,Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism ,medicine ,business - Abstract
Es wurden 2 neue Klassen von oral wirksamen Medikamenten entwickelt: Mit Rimonabant wurde ein Endocannabinoid-1-Rezeptor-Antagonist zugelassen. Es verbessert Lipidstoffwechselparameter und den HbA1c durch endokrine und parakrine Effekte im Fettgewebe, Muskel, Gehirn und in der Leber und senkt das Korpergewicht. Zum anderen stehen DPP-4-Inhibitoren (DPP-4: Dipeptidylpeptidase IV) kurz vor der Zulassung. Sie hemmen den Abbau regulatorischer Peptide, die die Insulinsekretion stimulieren, v. a. den Abbau von Glukagon-like-Peptid-1 (GLP-1) und Gastric-inhibitory-Polypeptid (GIP). Beide Hormone werden nach einer Mahlzeit ausgeschuttet und tragen zu 50–70% der Insulinsekretion nach einer Mahlzeit bei. DPP-4-Inhibitoren selbst verursachen keine Hypoglykamien und haben weitere Effekte, die bei der Behandlung des Typ-2-Diabetes erwunscht sind: Sie hemmen die Glukagonsekretion und verbessern die β-Zell-Funktion.
- Published
- 2007
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
28. Glukagon-like peptide 2 induziert Migration in intestinalen Dünndarm Epithelzellen über eine Freisetzung von TGF-β
- Author
-
P. Felderbauer, M. Banasch, Frank Schmitz, N Ansorge, P Hoffmann, Kerem Bulut, JM Otte, Wolfgang Schmidt, and B. Gallwitz
- Subjects
Gastroenterology - Published
- 2015
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
29. Chancen und Notwendigkeiten für den klinischen Einsatz neuroendokriner Peptide
- Author
-
B. Gallwitz
- Subjects
Nutrition and Dietetics ,Medicine (miscellaneous) - Published
- 2005
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
30. Hyperglykämie und kardiovaskuläre Erkrankungen
- Author
-
B. Gallwitz, Erland Erdmann, M. Hanefeld, Christian A. Schneider, Dirk Müller-Wieland, U. Zeymer, and M. Leschke
- Subjects
medicine.medical_specialty ,education.field_of_study ,Endothelium ,business.industry ,Insulin ,medicine.medical_treatment ,Population ,General Medicine ,Diabetic angiopathy ,medicine.disease ,Impaired glucose tolerance ,Coronary artery disease ,medicine.anatomical_structure ,Diabetes mellitus ,Internal medicine ,medicine ,Cardiology ,Myocardial infarction ,business ,education - Abstract
Besides classical, modifiable risk factors (hypercholesterolemia, hypertension, smoking) abnormalities of the glucose metabolism (diabetes mellitus, impaired glucose tolerance) are strong emerging cardiovascular risk factors. Epidemiological data indicate that 8 % of the population and up to 60 % of patients with coronary artery disease have abnormalities of glucose metabolism. The prevalence of these abnormalities will increase as the population ages and the mean body weight increases. An abnormal glucose concentration damages the endothelium in several ways: increased oxidative stress, inflammatory processes and an activation of procoagulant factors all impair endothelial function. A blood glucose normalising therapy is thought to decrease the incidence of cardiovascular events in these patients. In patients with an acute myocardial infarction and diabetes mellitus an early intensive insulin therapy improves the outcome of these patients. In summary, the early detection and treatment of abnormalities of glucose metabolism reduces cardiac events.
- Published
- 2004
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
31. Incretin mimetics: type 2 diabetes therapy beyond glucose control
- Author
-
B. Gallwitz
- Subjects
endocrine system ,geography ,medicine.medical_specialty ,geography.geographical_feature_category ,biology ,business.industry ,Insulin ,medicine.medical_treatment ,digestive, oral, and skin physiology ,Glucagon secretion ,Incretin ,General Medicine ,Type 2 diabetes ,Islet ,medicine.disease ,biology.organism_classification ,Neogenesis ,Postprandial ,Endocrinology ,Internal medicine ,Medicine ,business ,Exenatide ,hormones, hormone substitutes, and hormone antagonists ,medicine.drug - Abstract
Summary Incretins are gut hormones that elicit insulin secretion after glucose ingestion. The incretin effect describes the enhanced insulin response from orally introduced glucose compared to intravenous glucose. It comprises between 20% and 60% of the postprandial insulin secretion but is diminished in type 2 diabetes (T2D). Glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1) is an important incretin. In vitro and animal experiments demonstrated that GLP-1 increases β-cell mass by stimulating islet cell neogenesis. In vitro data also show the inhibition of apoptosis of islets by GLP-1. The improvement of β-cell function can be indirectly observed from the increased insulin secretory capacity of humans receiving GLP-1. Furthermore, GLP-1 inhibits glucagon secretion and the risk of hypoglycaemia is extremely rare. It may represent an attractive therapeutic method for T2D due to its multiple effects. However, only 20% of the GLP-1 administered intravenously is estimated to reach circulation biologically intact. Therefore, exenatide and long-acting GLP-1 analogues, both of which are resistant to degradation and classified as incretin mimetics, are under study, as well as a compound that inhibits incretin degradation.
- Published
- 2004
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
32. Appetitregulation durch Ghrelin - ein neues neuroendokrines gastrales Peptidhormon der Gut-Brain-Achse
- Author
-
Wolfgang Schmidt, J. J. Meier, D. Hagemann, and B. Gallwitz
- Subjects
medicine.medical_specialty ,media_common.quotation_subject ,digestive, oral, and skin physiology ,Gastroenterology ,Gastric motility ,Neuropeptide ,Appetite ,Enteroendocrine cell ,Biology ,Neuropeptide Y receptor ,Energy homeostasis ,Endocrinology ,Hypothalamus ,Internal medicine ,medicine ,Ghrelin ,hormones, hormone substitutes, and hormone antagonists ,media_common - Abstract
Ghrelin a novel peptide consisting of 28 amino acids was first identified in the stomach in 1999. It is mainly produced in endocrine cells of the human gastric mucosa, but it was also found in several other tissues e. g. in the pituitary, the hypothalamus and the pancreas. The functional receptor belongs to the family of the 7-transmembrane G-protein receptors and is predominantly detected in the pituitary and at lower levels in hypothalamic nuclei, the stomach, heart, lungs, kidneys, gut, the adipose and many other tissues. According to the widespread distribution of the peptide and its receptor, ghrelin has multiple biological effects: it stimulates the release of growth hormone in the pituitary and induces a rise in the serum concentration of ACTH, cortisol, catecholamines and prolactin. Ghrelin causes an increase of food intake and body weight by stimulating the production of neuropeptide Y (NPY) and agouti-related protein (AGP) in the nucleus arcuatus. It further leads to elevated concentrations of plasma glucose. A physiological antagonism between ghrelin and GLP-1 in the hypothalamic regulation of appetite is being discussed. The basic serum level of ghrelin depends on the state of nutrition and is negatively correlated with the body-mass-index. It shows a certain pattern of variation before and after food intake with a preprandial increase and a postprandial decrease. Ghrelin modulates gastric acid secretion and the gastrointestinal motility via vagal cholinergic pathways. The discovery of ghrelin definitely contributes to the understanding of the growth-hormone secretion and of the regulation of appetite and food intake.
- Published
- 2003
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
33. Differences in the Stimulation of Proliferation of Intestinal Cellular Lines by Glucagon-like Peptides 2 - A Far Way from the Pontential Application for the Treatment of Intestinal Diseases
- Author
-
Wolfgang Schmidt, B. Gallwitz, and K. Bulut
- Subjects
Gastroenterology - Published
- 2002
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
34. [Significance of insulin analogues in the treatment of people with type 2 diabetes]
- Author
-
B, Gallwitz, D, Westrup, and G-W, Schmeisl
- Subjects
Glycated Hemoglobin ,Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2 ,Metabolic Clearance Rate ,Delayed-Action Preparations ,Injections, Subcutaneous ,Diet, Diabetic ,Humans ,Hypoglycemic Agents ,Insulin ,Combined Modality Therapy ,Drug Administration Schedule - Abstract
Assessment of the significance of the different insulins used in type 2 diabetes mellitus is of fundamental importance for routine treatment. Compared with human insulin, rapid acting insulin analogues have a faster uptake and a higher peak effect as well as a shorter duration of action. Long acting insulin analogues have a flatter action profile and a longer duration of action than NPH insulin. Consequently, insulin analogues generally allow an improved glycaemic control to be achieved. Moreover, differences relating to practical aspects are of importance (snacks and interval between injection and meals in the case of short acting insulin as well as mixing of suspensions and number of injections in the case of long acting insulins). The consequences for clinical practice are seen differently by countries as shown by a prescription rate of 50 % for insulin analogues in Germany compared with approximately 90 % in certain other European countries. One of the main reasons why questions remain is the lack of meaningful long-term studies on diabetes-related complications.
- Published
- 2014
35. Type II diabetes and its therapy in clinical practice - results from the standardised non-interventional registry SIRTA
- Author
-
S. Hildemann, B. Gallwitz, K. Kusterer, and K. Fresenius
- Subjects
Adult ,Blood Glucose ,Male ,medicine.medical_specialty ,endocrine system diseases ,Combination therapy ,Early Therapy ,Type ii diabetes ,Diabetes mellitus ,Internal medicine ,Medicine ,Humans ,Hypoglycemic Agents ,Aged ,Glycated Hemoglobin ,business.industry ,nutritional and metabolic diseases ,General Medicine ,Guideline ,Middle Aged ,medicine.disease ,Metformin ,Clinical Practice ,Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2 ,Non interventional ,Physical therapy ,Drug Therapy, Combination ,Female ,business ,medicine.drug - Abstract
Summary Background and methods Modern antidiabetic therapies should achieve low HbA1c values and avoid hypoglycaemic complications. The registry SIRTA included 1522 patients with type II diabetes mellitus (T2DM) from 306 German medical practices. Patients had an HbA1c > 6.5% under the maximum tolerated metformin dose. If required, they received combination therapy with other antidiabetics according to the guideline of the German Diabetes Society [Deutsche Diabetes Gesellschaft (DDG)] or usual medical practice. Patients were followed up for 6 months. The target criteria included the achievement of HbA1c target values and the emergence of severe hypoglycaemic episodes. Results Most patients (64.0%) were planned to achieve an HbA1c target
- Published
- 2014
36. [New antihyperglycemic drugs. Examination of cardiovascular outcomes with alogliptin versus standard of care (EXAMINE) and saxagliptin assessment of vascular outcomes recorded in patients with diabetes mellitus-thrombolysis in myocardial infarction (SAVOR-TIMI 53)]
- Author
-
B, Gallwitz and S, Nitschmann
- Subjects
Male ,Dipeptidyl-Peptidase IV Inhibitors ,Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2 ,Piperidines ,Cardiovascular Diseases ,Myocardial Infarction ,Humans ,Hypoglycemic Agents ,Adamantane ,Female ,Angina, Unstable ,Dipeptides ,Uracil - Published
- 2014
37. [Insulin degludec--a new basal insulin for the treatment of type 1 and type 2 diabetes]
- Author
-
B, Gallwitz and T, Haak
- Subjects
Blood Glucose ,Insulin, Long-Acting ,Diabetes Mellitus, Type 1 ,Clinical Trials, Phase III as Topic ,Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2 ,Delayed-Action Preparations ,Injections, Subcutaneous ,Biological Availability ,Humans ,Drug Administration Schedule ,Half-Life - Abstract
After subcutaneous injection, IDeg self-associates to form multihexamer chains that slowly dissociate into monomers. This results in a duration of action of more than 42 hours as well as a smooth level action profile with low intra-individual variability. Pharmacokinetic studies foun IDeg to have a half-life of approximately 25 hours which is considerably longer than that from other current insulin formulations. Based on these properties, IDeg demonstrated low risk for nocturnal hypoglycaemic events in the clinical study program. Concurrently, phase 3 studies have provided evidence for a non-inferior glucose lowering effect when compared to other currently available basal insulin formulations. Moreover, the long duration of action suggests a flexible handling which could be better adapted to patients' needs in daily routine. This article gives an overview of the mechanism of action of IDeg and the latest results from phase 2 and phase 3 studies.
- Published
- 2014
38. Prevalence of pathological urine findings in spontaneous office-based samples of type 2 diabetes patients with and without CKD
- Author
-
L Merker, B Gallwitz, B Waldeck, and K Schoene
- Subjects
Pathology ,medicine.medical_specialty ,Office based ,business.industry ,Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism ,Internal medicine ,medicine ,Urine ,Type 2 diabetes ,business ,medicine.disease ,Pathological - Published
- 2014
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
39. Diabetesprävention - führen die Ergebnisse der DREAM-Studie zu einem Paradigmenwandel?
- Author
-
B. Gallwitz
- Subjects
Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism - Published
- 2006
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
40. Insulinanaloga und neue Antidiabetika
- Author
-
Schmidt We and B. Gallwitz
- Subjects
business.industry ,Insulin ,medicine.medical_treatment ,Internal Medicine ,medicine ,Pharmacology ,business ,Diabetes Therapy ,Antidiabetic agents - Published
- 1997
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
41. Die Therapie der Hypertonie, Dyslipidämie und Plättchenaggregation bei Menschen mit Typ 2 Diabetes in Deutschland
- Author
-
K Schoene, L Merker, B Waldeck, and B Gallwitz
- Subjects
Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism - Published
- 2013
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
42. Antidiabetische Therapie bei Menschen mit Typ-2-Diabetes unterschiedlicher Altersgruppen in Deutschland
- Author
-
B Waldeck, K Schoene, B Gallwitz, and L Merker
- Subjects
Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism - Published
- 2013
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
43. Praxisempfehlungen der Deutschen Diabetes Gesellschaft
- Author
-
M. Kellerer and B. Gallwitz
- Subjects
Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism - Published
- 2016
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
44. Linagliptin is more effective than glimepiride at achieving a composite outcome of target HbA₁c7% with no hypoglycaemia and no weight gain over 2 years
- Author
-
B, Gallwitz, J, Rosenstock, A, Emser, M, von Eynatten, and H-J, Woerle
- Subjects
Glycated Hemoglobin ,Male ,Analysis of Variance ,Linagliptin ,Middle Aged ,Weight Gain ,Drug Administration Schedule ,Hypoglycemia ,Sulfonylurea Compounds ,Treatment Outcome ,Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2 ,Double-Blind Method ,Purines ,Quinazolines ,Humans ,Hypoglycemic Agents ,Female - Abstract
Linagliptin treatment for 104 weeks was recently reported to achieve non-inferior glucose-lowering effects compared with glimepiride in patients with type 2 diabetes inadequately controlled with metformin. Additional analyses from this randomised, active-controlled, double-blind trial have been performed in individuals completing the study on study drug without requiring rescue therapy. In this population, significantly more patients receiving linagliptin achieved HbA1c7% without hypoglycaemia and without body weight gain after 2 years compared with those receiving glimepiride (54% and 23%, respectively; odds ratio of 3.9, 95% confidence interval 2.6-5.7, p0.0001).
- Published
- 2012
45. Fehlende Anpassung der Diabetestherapie an die eingeschränkte Nierenfunktion - Daten aus 245 repräsentativ ausgewählten Hausarztpraxen
- Author
-
B Waldeck, L Merker, B Gallwitz, and K Schoene
- Subjects
Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism - Published
- 2012
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
46. Behandlungsstrategien des Typ 2 Diabetes in der Hausarztpraxis - Ergebnisse einer repräsentativen bundesweiten Erhebung
- Author
-
L Merker, K Schoene, B Gallwitz, and B Waldeck
- Subjects
Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism - Abstract
Fragestellung: Um Daten zur Pravalenz der Nierenerkrankung bei Typ 2 Diabetes zu bekommen, fuhrten wir eine prospektive Querschnittsuntersuchung an 2541 Menschen mit Diabetes Typ 2 aus 245 Hausarztpraxen durch. Dabei wurden auch Daten zur aktuellen antidiabetischen Behandlung erhoben, die eine Aussage uber die aktuellen Behandlungsstrategien in der Hausarztpraxis erlauben. Methodik: Mittels Fragebogen wurde im Rahmen dieser Studie die aktuelle blutzuckersenkende Behandlung jedes eingeschlossenen Patienten erhoben. Die Studie wurde zwischen Februar und Juli 2011 nach GCP-Richtlinien durchgefuhrt, ein positives Ethikvotum lag vor. Die statistischen Analysen waren deskriptiv. Ergebnisse: Es konnten Daten von 2530 Patienten ausgewertet werden. Die Studienpopulation ist wie folgt zu beschreiben (Durchschnittwerte): Alter 69,5 Jahre, BMI 30,5kg/m2, HbA1c 6,7%, Diabetesdauer 8,3 Jahre. Die Betroffenen wurden wie folgt antidiabetisch behandelt: nicht-medikamentos/nur diatetisch 642 Patienten (26,4%), 1 oral verabreichbares Antidiabetikum (OAD) 1126 Patienten (46,3%), 2 OAD 559 Patienten (23%), 3 OAD 95 Patienten (3,9%), 4 OAD 8 Patienten (0,4%). Insgesamt bekamen 59,3% (1501) der Patienten nur OAD, 6,6% (167) nur Insulin und 8,7% (220) eine Kombination aus Insulin und OAD. In der Kombination mit Insulin wurden hiervon behandelt: Insulin und 1 OAD 161 Patienten (73,1%), Kombination mit 2 OAD 54 Patienten (24,5%), Kombination mit 3 OAD 5 Patienten (2,3%), Kombination mit 4 OAD 0 Patienten (0%). Von den 387 mit Insulin behandelten Patienten erhielten 317 (81,9%) eine Insulinart (Basal-, Misch- oder kurzwirksames Insulin), 69 (17,8%) wurden mit 2 Insulinarten und 1 Patient (0,3%) mit 3 Insulinarten behandelt. Von den Kombinationsbehandlungen mit Metformin erhielten Metformin und Sulfonylharnstoff (SU) 189 Patienten, Metformin und Glinid 18, Metformin und Pioglitazon 22, Metformin und DPP-4-Hemmer 206, Metformin und GLP-1-Mimetikum 18, Metformin und Glukosidaseinhibitor 8 Betroffene. 31 Patienten wurden mit einer 3fach-Kombination aus Metformin, DPP-4-Hemmer und SU behandelt. Metformin allein wurde mit Insulin wie folgt kombiniert: mit Basalinsulin bei 47, mit Mischinsulin bei 17, mit kurzwirksamem Insulin bei 33 und mit nicht naher benannten Insulinarten bei 5 Patienten. Schlussfolgerungen: Etwa ein Viertel der von Diabetes Betroffenen wird in der Hausarztpraxis rein diatetisch behandelt, die meisten Patienten erhalten nur 1 oral verabreichbares Antidiabetikum. Bei der Behandlung mit 2 OAD ist in der Regel Metformin als Basistherapeutikum anzutreffen, die Kombination mit DPP-4-Hemmern hat die Kombination mit Sulfonylharnstoffen in der Hausarztpraxis zahlenmasig schon abgelost. Die Kombinationstherapie mit Insulin erfolgt eher selten und erfolgte meist mit Basalinsulin.
- Published
- 2012
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
47. Prävalenz der chronischen Nierenerkrankung bei Menschen mit Typ 2 Diabetes in Deutschland - Ergebnisse einer bundesweiten repräsentativen Erhebung
- Author
-
L Merker, K Schoene, B Waldeck, and B Gallwitz
- Subjects
Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism - Published
- 2012
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
48. Behandlung kardiovaskulärer Risikofaktoren bei Menschen mit Typ 2 Diabetes in Deutschland - eine repräsentative Analyse
- Author
-
K Schoene, B Gallwitz, B Waldeck, and L Merker
- Subjects
Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism - Published
- 2012
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
49. A model case of a positive outcome in super-super obesity
- Author
-
A, Hipp, M, Kramer, B, Gallwitz, A, Fritsche, S, Zipfel, J, Reutershan, and A, Niess
- Abstract
For an increasing number of obese patients, bariatric surgery is considered as the treatment of choice after the failure of conventional strategies. While numerous studies on bariatric surgery have shown substantial health benefits, there is a broad inter-individual variation in the long-term outcome, which is insufficiently understood. Here we show a favourable long-term outcome following multidisciplinary care in a super-super-obese patient. The patient suffered from numerous typically obesity-associated comorbidities and limitations. He underwent multidisciplinary care including two-step bariatric intervention. Endoscopic intragastric balloon positioning was followed by gastric sleeve surgery without Roux-en-Y gastric bypass. His body weight dropped from 260 kg (body mass index [BMI] 79.4 kg m(-2) ) to 85 kg (BMI 25.9 kg m(-2) ) within 16 months and continued to be stable at 90 kg (BMI 27.8 kg m(-2) ) at the end of the follow-up period of 48 months. The loss of excess body weight was associated with the remission of numerous obesity-related comorbidities and with a concomitant pronounced increase in the quality of life and in the socioeconomic status. Eventually, the patient was able to lead a normal life with a decreased risk of long-term complications. We attribute the positive long-term outcome to the following potential determinants: individualized bariatric surgery, multidisciplinary care, the patient's long-term compliance, adequate adherence to the aftercare, physical exercise after surgery, family support, the cooperation of the primary care physician and the financial coverage by the health insurance. Some of these factors remain to be evaluated as predictors of a favourable long-term outcome in prospective trials.
- Published
- 2012
50. 2-year efficacy and safety of linagliptin compared with glimepiride in patients with type 2 diabetes inadequately controlled on metformin: a randomised, double-blind, non-inferiority trial
- Author
-
Maximilian von Eynatten, B. Gallwitz, Sudipta Bhattacharya, Julio Rosenstock, Klaus Dugi, Hans-Juergen Woerle, Thomas Rauch, and Sanjay Patel
- Subjects
Adult ,Blood Glucose ,Male ,medicine.medical_specialty ,Linagliptin ,Type 2 diabetes ,Pharmacology ,Double-Blind Method ,Internal medicine ,Diabetes mellitus ,medicine ,Clinical endpoint ,Humans ,Hypoglycemic Agents ,Treatment Failure ,Aged ,Glycated Hemoglobin ,Dipeptidyl-Peptidase IV Inhibitors ,business.industry ,Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus ,General Medicine ,Middle Aged ,medicine.disease ,Metformin ,Glimepiride ,Sulfonylurea Compounds ,Treatment Outcome ,Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2 ,Purines ,Research Design ,Relative risk ,Quinazolines ,Female ,business ,medicine.drug - Abstract
Summary Background Addition of a sulphonylurea to metformin improves glycaemic control in type 2 diabetes, but is associated with hypoglycaemia and weight gain. We aimed to compare a dipeptidyl peptidase-4 inhibitor (linagliptin) against a commonly used sulphonylurea (glimepiride). Methods In this 2-year, parallel-group, non-inferiority double-blind trial, outpatients with type 2 diabetes and glycated haemoglobin A 1c (HbA 1c ) 6·5–10·0% on stable metformin alone or with one additional oral antidiabetic drug (washed out during screening) were randomly assigned (1:1) by computer-generated random sequence via a voice or web response system to linagliptin (5 mg) or glimepiride (1–4 mg) orally once daily. Study investigators and participants were masked to treatment assignment. The primary endpoint was change in HbA 1c from baseline to week 104. Analyses included all patients randomly assigned to treatment groups who received at least one dose of treatment, had a baseline HbA 1c measurement, and had at least one on-treatment HbA 1c measurement. This trial is registered at ClinicalTrials.gov, number NCT00622284. Findings 777 patients were randomly assigned to linagliptin and 775 to glimepiride; 764 and 755 were included in analysis of the primary endpoint. Reductions in adjusted mean HbA 1c (baseline 7·69% [SE 0·03] in both groups) were similar in the linagliptin (–0·16% [SE 0·03]) and glimepiride groups (–0·36% [0·03]; difference 0·20%, 97·5% CI 0·09–0·30), meeting the predefined non-inferiority criterion of 0·35%. Fewer participants had hypoglycaemia (58 [7%] of 776 vs 280 [36%] of 775 patients, p vs 12 [2%]) with linagliptin compared with glimepiride. Linagliptin was associated with significantly fewer cardiovascular events (12 vs 26 patients; relative risk 0·46, 95% CI 0·23–0·91, p=0·0213). Interpretation The results of this long-term randomised active-controlled trial advance the clinical evidence and comparative effectiveness bases for treatment options available to patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus. The findings could improve decision making for clinical treatment when metformin alone is insufficient. Funding Boehringer Ingelheim.
- Published
- 2012
Catalog
Discovery Service for Jio Institute Digital Library
For full access to our library's resources, please sign in.