Search

PURPOSE: The aim of this study is to expand the current knowledge on the relationship between poverty, family functioning, and the mental health of adolescent girls in families affected by poverty and HIV/AIDS in southern Uganda. The study investigates the association between family functioning and mental health and examines whether family functioning moderates the intervention effect on adolescent mental health. METHODS: Longitudinal data were collected over the course of 24 months in a cluster randomized controlled trial conducted among N=1,260 girls aged 14-17 years in Uganda. Participants were randomized into control group (n=408 girls from n=16 schools), matched youth development accounts treatment, YDA (n=471 girls from n=16 schools), and integrated intervention combining YDA with multiple family group component (n=381 girls from n=15 schools). RESULTS: We found a significant positive association between family functioning and mental health of adolescent girls in our sample. Moderator analyses suggests that effect of the intervention on Beck Hopelessness Scale was significantly moderated by family cohesion (χ2 (4) =21.43; p = .000), frequency of family communication (χ2 (4) =9.65; p = .047), and quality of child-caregiver relationship (χ2 (4) =11.12; p = .025). Additionally, the intervention effect on depression was moderated by the comfort of family communication (χ2 (4) =10.2; p = .037). DISCUSSION: The study findings highlight the importance of family functioning when examining the link from poverty to adolescent mental health. The study contributes to the scarce evidence suggesting that asset-accumulation opportunities combined with a family strengthening component may improve parenting practices and adolescent mental health in poor households.

The assessment of hopelessness plays a significant role in preventing various psychological disorders and major life events within the general population. However, the psychometric properties of the Beck Hopelessness Scale (BHS) have been a subject of controversy, primarily studied in clinical groups. The aim of the present study was to gain new psychometric insights and propose a new short version of the BHS for the general population using the Item Response Theory (IRT) approach. A total of 2164 Argentinean individuals completed the BHS alongside the Inventory of Suicide Orientation-30. We compared IRT models with two and three parameters for the original BHS version, exploring the removal of redundant and less informative items. Convergent and discriminant validity was also examined. Our results support the 2PL model for the BHS-19. In addition, the BHS-10 short version adequately depicted the same range of the measured trait as the original version, showing reasonable measurement accuracy in the middle-high levels of the trait (marginal reliability = 0.70, Cronbach's α = 0.86). Notably, a positive correlation was found between the factorial score of BHS-10, BHS-19, and suicide orientation. In conclusion, our findings support the use of a simplified version as a practical and valuable tool for both research and clinical practice in the future. • The Beck Hopelessness Scale is the most frequently utilized instrument for assessing hopelessness. • A 2PL model was the most suitable using the Item Response Theory Approach. • The BHS-10 short version showed reasonable measurement accuracy in the middle-high levels of trait. • Our findings extend the BHS application also to non-psychiatric groups. • A positive correlation was found between BHS-10 and suicide orientation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Loneliness significantly impacts the mental well-being of older adults, prompting an examination of psychological predictors and buffering factors associated with it in this demographic. A cross-sectional study involving 246 community-dwelling older adults was conducted. The UCLA Loneliness Scale identified predictors of loneliness, including negative mood, hopelessness (negative future expectations and loss of motivation), and despair. Buffering factors included ego-integrity, personal growth, and purpose in life. Regression analysis revealed that negative mood, negative future expectations, and despair increased loneliness, with negative mood showing a strong association. Conversely, ego-integrity, personal growth, and purpose in life reduced loneliness. The study underscores the complex interplay of psychological factors shaping loneliness in older adults, highlighting the importance of addressing both risk and protective factors. Social work practitioners in healthcare settings can play a pivotal role in addressing loneliness among older adults by leveraging these factors. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This essay is a personal reflection on the double-bind that we as critical management studies academics feel we face in our pedagogic practice. We want to bring about more ethical and responsible management through teaching our students critiques of the excesses of capitalism, but we are all too aware of capitalism's extraordinary resilience as a mode of social, political and economic organization. We know how its tendencies readily co-opt even the most ardent criticism into its own ever-mutating paradigm. We thus feel torn between wanting our students to think and act critically, and the fear that critique is simply a part of the process itself. Rather than calling for raising awareness, relationality and the creation of difference, we present an accelerationist provocation. We invite critical management studies educators to struggle with us through upsetting considerations – that perhaps the most effective tactics for resistance might be to encourage and exacerbate capitalism's excesses. We conclude with a note on melancholy pedagogy and the powers of hopelessness. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

To examine the effect of positive elements in suicide reporting guidelines, we assessed how responsible reporting on suicide (RRS) affect cognitive and intentional responses. We also investigated the moderating role of audience reflectiveness in news processing. Here, 308 individuals participated in a single-factor between-subject experiment conducted in South Korea. We manipulated the number of positive RRS features in news articles by adding suicide statistics, contact information for helplines, and efficacy-enforcing information. Overall, news articles containing multiple RRS elements had a stronger impact on behavioral intentions to help others in a suicidal crisis than a basic news article without RRS elements. Interestingly, reflectiveness had a stronger influence on individuals who read a suicide news report having the most RRS elements relative to those who read suicide news without any RRS elements, signifying an indirect impact of suicide news on intentions to help. The implications of this RRS effect identified are discussed in terms of suicide prevention. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective: Suicide is an important health issue nearly all over the world. The Columbia Suicide Severity Rating Scale (CSSRS) is a well-known instrument for suicide risk assessment. Our purpose in this study is to provide a Persian version of the C-SSRS and evaluate its psychometric properties in the Iranian military population, particularly suicide risk leveling characteristic of the C-SSRS. Method: For linguistic adaptation, we gathered opinions of an expert panel consisting of 23 professionals in mental health sciences. Furthermore, this version was administered to two groups of soldiers, one representing a sample of normal population (N = 338), while the other group comprised a sample of clinical population from a referral psychiatric hospital (N = 348) in Tehran, capital of Iran, from July 2021 until one year later. Besides the C-SSRS, the Beck Scale for Suicidal Ideation (BSSI), Beck Hopelessness Scale (BSS), and General Health Questionnaire 28 (GHQ28) were obtained from the participants. Correlation coefficients, internal consistency, and factor analysis were evaluated using the Statistical Package for the Social Sciences (version 23) software. Results: All items of the Persian version of the C-SSRS had acceptable content validity and face validity. This tool demonstrated high correlation coefficients with the BSSI (r = 0.73, P < 0.001) and BHS (r = 0.64, P < 0.001), but a low correlation coefficient with the GHQ28 (r = 0.22, P < 0.001). Specifically, the suicide risk level based on the C-SSRS had a high correlation with both the BSSI and BHS. Also, its internal consistency was satisfactory (Cronbach's alpha = 0.89). Furthermore, factor analysis revealed two factors that is consistent with suicidal ideation and suicidal behavior factors. Conclusion: Our results indicated acceptable validity and reliability for the Persian version of the C-SSRS, demonstrating its capability to classify suicide risk. It can be concluded that the ordinal suicide risk level (as red, orange, yellow and green) is a valid index for the application of the C-SSRS. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: This study aimed to delineate the interplay between depression, hopelessness, and episodic future thinking (EFT), focusing on cognitive biases towards negative future thinking that are central to depressive symptomatically. Methods: A Japanese university student was utilized to scrutinize divergences in EFT across groups stratified by varying degrees of depression and hopelessness. The research leveraged a modified future thinking task (FTT), the Beck Hopelessness Scale, and the Beck Depression Inventory-II to gauge participants' levels of hopelessness and depressive symptoms. Results: Consistent with prior research, the non-depressed group showed a reduction in positive EFT, reinforcing the idea that diminished positive future thinking is a hallmark of depressive conditions, even in the absence of a clinical diagnosis. Moreover, individuals with comorbid depression and elevated hopelessness demonstrated a significant decrease in positive EFT and an increase in negative EFT, substantiating a distinctive cognitive profile for this subgroup. This finding suggests that the presence of hopelessness exacerbates the negative cognitive biases associated with depression. Conclusions: The study emphasizes the importance of considering hopelessness as an independent construct when assessing EFT in clinical contexts. The pronounced impact of hopelessness on future thinking in those with depression suggests that targeted interventions, such as future-directed therapy (FDT), may be particularly effective for individuals with hopelessness depression by focusing on modifying negative future thinking patterns and enhancing life quality. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective: This research aimed to determine the level of fear, anxiety, and hopelessness of Covid‐19 in young adolescents' post Covid‐19 period. Design and Samples: Young adolescents in the 17–24 age group were included in this study, which was conducted in a descriptive‐cross‐sectional design. Measurements: Sociodemographic characteristics questionnaire form and Coronavirus (Covid‐19) Fear Scale, Coronavirus Anxiety Scale, and Beck Hopelessness Scale were used to collect data. Results: 90.8% of the participants had been vaccinated, 26.9% had previously caught in Covid‐19, and 10.3% of those who had been caught in the disease had a severe course. 10.7% of young adolescents had to take medicines, 56.4% had a family history of Covid‐19, and 18.7% had lost a relative as a result of Covid‐19, was found. The level of fear, anxiety and hopelessness was higher among women, first‐grade students, those who did not receive the Covid‐19 vaccine, those who have caught in Covid‐19 before, and those who have lost a family due to Covid‐19. Conclusion: It is thought that the increase in the awareness level of young adolescents about Covid‐19 improves preventive health behaviors and enables the development of positive behaviors related to the disease. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: An urgent need exists to identify neural correlates associated with differing levels of suicide risk and develop novel, rapid-acting therapeutics to modulate activity within these neural networks. Methods: Electrophysiological correlates of suicide were evaluated using magnetoencephalography (MEG) in 75 adults with differing levels of suicide risk. During MEG scanning, participants completed a modified Life-Death Implicit Association Task. MEG data were source-localized in the gamma (30–58 Hz) frequency, a proxy measure of excitation-inhibition balance. Dynamic causal modeling was used to evaluate differences in connectivity estimates between risk groups. A proof-of-concept, open-label, pilot study of five high risk participants examined changes in gamma power after administration of ketamine (0.5 mg/kg), an NMDAR antagonist with rapid anti-suicide ideation effects. Results: Implicit self-associations with death were stronger in the highest suicide risk group relative to all other groups, which did not differ from each other. Higher gamma power for self-death compared to self-life associations was found in the orbitofrontal cortex for the highest risk group and the insula and posterior cingulate cortex for the lowest risk group. Connectivity estimates between these regions differentiated the highest risk group from the full sample. Implicit associations with death were not affected by ketamine, but enhanced gamma power was found for self-death associations in the left insula post-ketamine compared to baseline. Conclusions: Differential implicit cognitive processing of life and death appears to be linked to suicide risk, highlighting the need for objective measures of suicidal states. Pharmacotherapies that modulate gamma activity, particularly in the insula, may help mitigate risk. Clinicaltrials.gov identifier: NCT02543983, NCT00397111. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The recurrence of suicidal thoughts and behaviours represent a common threat to the wellbeing and lives of people who attempt suicide. It is not clear whether suicide risk models reflect risk for multiple suicide attempts, especially in high-risk groups. Factors associated with the recurrence of suicidal ideation and attempts was assessed in 82 military Veterans who had attempted suicide. Participants completed clinical diagnostic interviews and self-reported assessments of suicidal thoughts and behaviours, depression severity, hopelessness and burdensomeness. Hopelessness, perceived burdensomeness and beliefs about suicide were associated with the recent recurrence of suicidal ideation among Veterans who attempted suicide. Beliefs about suicide, suicidal planning and help seeking following a suicide attempt were significantly associated with multiple suicide attempts. Suicide postvention interventions should target beliefs about suicide and adaptive help seeking in depressed military Veterans who have attempted suicide. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Suicide is a primary health concern worldwide, and has a negative impact on the individual, family, and society. The literature suggests that females are more prone to attempt suicide and have more suicidal inclinations; however, males are more serious suicide attempters compared to females. Objective: The objective of this study was to assess the sociodemographic and clinical profile of patients admitted to acute care with the current suicide attempt. Materials and Methods: One hundred consecutive patients, aged between 18 and 60 years, who were medically stable and presented to the emergency or medical wards at the hospital with suicidal attempt, were included in this study. Beck's Suicide Intent Scale (SIS), Beck Scale for Suicidal Ideation, Beck Hopelessness Scale, and Beck Depression Inventory--II were administered to assess the current suicidal intent and ideation, depression, and hopelessness. Results: The diagnostic breakup was -- 69% mood (affective) disorders, 21% adjustment disorders, 4% schizophrenia, and 6% other disorders. Most suicide attempters were female (66% vs. 34%) and belonged to a younger age group (28.30 ± 10.08 years vs. 34.73 ± 13.97 years) compared to males (P < 0.05). Although both genders displayed high suicide intent, a significant difference in the SIS score was noted between females and males (36.53 ± 7.68 vs. 41.47 ± 8.82; P < 0.05). Conclusion: There is a difference in the clinical and demographic profile among male and female suicide attempters. Hence, appropriate interventions can be devised to prevent the future suicide attempts as per the demographic and clinical characteristics specific to the study population. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The authors' aim in this study was to determine the relationship between spiritual well-being, hope and depression in gynecologic oncology patients. This is a descriptive and correlational study. The patients received a total of 41.59 ± 12.11 points from the Spiritual Well-Being Scale, 5.57 ± 4.19 points from the Beck Hopelessness Scale, and 14.92 ± 11.61 points from the Beck Depression Scale. Gynecologic oncology patients had high spiritual well-being levels and low hopelessness and depression levels, and their hopelessness and depression levels decreased and hope levels increased as their spiritual well-being levels increased. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study was conducted with two groups (training and control) using a pretest/post-test design to determine the effect of cognitive behavioral approach-based psychoeducation on the levels of coping with hopelessness and stress of parents of children with cancer. The data were collected using the "Personal Information Form", "Coping with Stress Scale" and "Beck Hopelessness Scale." The training was given as a total of eight sessions of individual training every 2 weeks. The study showed that after the training, the training group scored significantly lower than the control group in the sub-dimensions of helpless and submissive approach in coping with stress and hopelessness levels and scored higher in the sub-dimensions of self-confident approach, optimistic approach, and seeking social support approach. It was found that cognitive-based psychoeducation had an effect on increasing the ways of coping with stress and decreasing the hopelessness levels of parents of children with cancer. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Purpose: This study aims to probe the relationship of facial disfigurement, stigmatization, burdensome, hopelessness and suicidal ideation in acid attack survivors and to scrutinize the mediating role of perceived burdensome and hopelessness in connection between facial disfigurement, social stigmatization and suicidal ideation among acid attack survivors. Design/methodology/approach: Data was collected from Holy Family Hospital which is located in Rawalpindi, Pakistan, Acid Survivors Foundation and social media sites. Purposive sampling technique was used to collect the sample. Sample comprised of N = 74 acid attack survivors. English version of discrimination and stigma scale, interpersonal needs questionnaire perceived burdensome scale, suicidal ideation attributes scale, Beck hopelessness scale and observer-rated facial disfigurement scale were used for the assessment. Statistical analysis includes correlation and mediation analysis through process macro. Findings: Results indicated significant positive relationship between facial disfigurements, unfair treatment, stopping self and perceived burdensome with suicidal ideation, whereas overcoming stigma, hopelessness and positive treatment present a negative relationship with suicidal ideation. Results of the current study also showed that burdensome and hopelessness appear as significant mediator in association between facial disfigurement, social discrimination and suicidal ideation. This study provides the awareness about how by decreasing the hopelessness and perceived burdensome and resolving social stigmatization can minimize suicidal ideation and risks accompanying it. Originality/value: This research covers a topic that violates human rights, it is a topic that never gets old and people are still facing its effects. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Hopelessness is a transdiagnostically relevant clinical construct, related to depression, post-traumatic stress disorder and suicidality. Economic, valid, and reliable assessment of hopelessness is thus crucial for both research and clinical practice. This study aimed at validating a nine-item short version of the Beck Hopelessness Scale in three large German samples of psychiatric inpatients, psychotherapy outpatients, and healthy controls. Methods: Data from N = 2321 participants (86.3 % female, mean age 31.8 years [SD=10.4]) were used to analyze reliability, factorial validity, concurrent and discriminant validity of the BHS-9. Results: Results showed good psychometric characteristics of the BHS-9 in inpatients, supporting its unidimensionality, construct validity, and reliability. However, factorial validity was insufficient in outpatients and controls. Limitations: In the outpatient and control samples, the majority of participants were women. All reported analyses were cross-sectional. Conclusions: The BHS-9 appears to be suitable for assessing hopelessness in psychiatric inpatients. However, the factorial validity of this short instrument in non-inpatient settings should be subject to future studies before its implementation in these person groups can be recommended.

The aim of this research was to describe the effect of depression, hopelessness, and impulsivity on orientation to suicide and the role of impulsivity as a mediator of suicidal orientation in university students with a history of selfinjury behaviors. 1645 young people between 18 and 29 years old participated, from two Colombian cities. 218 young people were selected (M= 21.00; SD= 2.99) who reported at least one suicide attempt in the last year, who answered the "Suicidal Orientation Inventory", the "Beck Hopelessness Scale", the "Beck Depression Inventory" and the "Barratt Impulsivity Scale". Depression, hopelessness, and impulsivity explained 63% of the variation in suicidal orientation (R2= .635, IC 95% [.555, .713], p=.001). Impulsivity mediated with depression in those cases in which suicidal orientation was high, whose total, direct and indirect effects were statistically significant (p< .001). Impulsivity plays a mediating role between depression and hopelessness in predicting suicidal orientation [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The aim of this study is to expand the current knowledge on the relationship between poverty, family functioning, and the mental health of adolescent girls in families affected by poverty and HIV/AIDS in southern Uganda. The study investigates the association between family functioning and mental health and examines whether family functioning moderates the intervention effect on adolescent mental health. Longitudinal data were collected over the course of 24 months in a cluster randomized controlled trial conducted among N=1,260 girls aged 14–17 years in Uganda. Participants were randomized into control group (n=408 girls from n=16 schools), matched youth development accounts treatment, YDA (n=471 girls from n=16 schools), and integrated intervention combining YDA with multiple family group component (n=381 girls from n=15 schools). We found a significant positive association between family functioning and mental health of adolescent girls in our sample. Moderator analyses suggests that effect of the intervention on Beck Hopelessness Scale was significantly moderated by family cohesion (χ2 (4) =21.43; p =.000), frequency of family communication (χ2 (4) =9.65; p =.047), and quality of child-caregiver relationship (χ2 (4) =11.12; p =.025). Additionally, the intervention effect on depression was moderated by the comfort of family communication (χ2 (4) =10.2; p =.037). The study findings highlight the importance of family functioning when examining the link from poverty to adolescent mental health. The study contributes to the scarce evidence suggesting that asset-accumulation opportunities combined with a family strengthening component may improve parenting practices and adolescent mental health in poor households. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Climate anxiety, one of the negative emotions created by climate change, is particularly prevalent among climate activists and young individuals who hold a more serious concern for environmental issues. Aim: This study aims to determine the effects of climate change awareness on the mental health of young people in Turkey. Methods: Designed as a descriptive and two-group comparative study, the target population of this study comprises young individuals aged 15 to 24 who are climate activists and those who are not. The study data was collected through e-questionnaires administered between March 15 and May 10, 2023, using a demographic characteristics form, a climate change anxiety scale and the Beck Hopelessness Scale. The study was completed with a total of 306 participants, including 103 young individuals who are climate activists and 203 young individuals who are not climate activists. Results: We determined that young individuals who are climate activists have a high level of climate change anxiety, while those who are not climate activists have a moderate level of climate change anxiety. We found that the levels of hopelessness in both groups are at a mild level. Additionally, within the group of climate activists, we observed that individuals with a higher level of knowledge about climate change tend to exhibit greater levels of hopelessness. Conclusions: We identified that as awareness and knowledge about climate change increase, climate change anxiety, and hopelessness also increase. There is a need for studies to determine youth-specific mental health interventions to address mental health issues related to climate change awareness. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Witnessing interparental conflict in childhood predicts psychological dating violence victimization (PDVV) in adulthood. As found in previous studies, PDVV and hopelessness are associated with depression. However, the associations among these four variables have not been explored in detail. The present study, therefore, examined the association between perceived interparental conflict and depression in adulthood and whether PDVV and hopelessness might operate as sequential mechanisms accounting for the association. Participants (N = 283; M age = 23.37 years, SD = 4.04 years) in romantic relationships completed measures of perceived interparental conflict, PDVV, hopelessness, and depression. The perceived interparental conflict was related to PDVV and depression but not to hopelessness in adulthood. Moreover, the association between witnessing interparental conflict and depression was serially mediated via PDVV and hopelessness. The results are discussed in regard to previous research, and their implications for future research are presented. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The aim of this study is to determine the effects of nursing care, based on Watson's Theory of Human Caring, given to the relatives of palliative care patients on caregivers' spiritual well-being and hope. This research was planned as a randomized controlled trial and conducted among 60 patient relatives (intervention group: 30, control group: 30) taking care of their patients in five palliative care units in Turkey. Data were collected via the Introductory Information Form on Patient Relatives, the Beck Hopelessness Scale, and the Spiritual Well-Being Scale. Although administered nursing care caused a significant difference in the Beck Hopelessness Scale scores of the intervention group (U= 235.5, p = 0.001); no change was measured in scores from the Spiritual Well-Being Scale (U=385.0, p = 0.336). The findings of the study evidenced that nursing care based on Theory of Human Caring diminished the hopelessness levels of patient relatives while causing no effect on their spiritual well-being. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background/Aim: The prevalence of myopia is increasing worldwide especially among adolescents. Changes in living conditions such as reduced engagement in outdoor activities as well as increased activities near the workplace like reading, writing, and screen exposure are thought to be responsible for this increase. Adolescence is a sensitive period of rapid changes in psychological, physiological, and social aspects. Mental health issues such as anxiety and depression are common during this period. During the pandemic, mental health issues among children and adolescents increased due to stress caused by the disease, social isolation, disruption of routines, and the loss of loved ones. With the rapid increase in myopia among adolescents, there is a need to investigate the effects of myopia on mental health. The aim of this study is to evaluate anxiety, depression, and hopelessness levels in adolescents with myopia after the COVID-19 pandemic and to examine the relationship between myopia and anxiety, depression, and hopelessness. Methods: This was a case-control study that included 40 myopic adolescents aged 16-19 with a spherical refractive degree of-2 diopters (D) and above and 40 emmetropic (no refractive error). Participants who had previously undergone refractive surgery, had binocular visual acuity less than 1.0, had strabismus and amblyopia, had a diagnosis of glaucoma, had undergone ocular surgery for any reason, had retinopathy, or had an astigmatic refractive degree greater than ±0.50 were excluded from the study. The study did not include patients with chronic physiological or psychiatric diseases. Both groups were administered the Automatic Thoughts Questionnaire (ATQ), Coronavirus Anxiety Scale (CAS), Beck Hopelessness Scale (BHS), and Beck Depression Inventory (BDI). The groups were compared according to the scales. Myopic degrees were compared with mixed-effect linear models according to scale categories, and the relationship between ATS scores and myopia degrees was evaluated using the Spearman correlation coefficient. Results: The mean (SD) spherical refractive power of myopic adolescents was -3.156 (1.40) diopters; 62.5% of participants with myopia had been exposed to COVID-19, and the anxiety rate in myopic participants compared to controls was 15% (P=0.026). However, no significant difference was found between the myopia and control groups in terms of automatic thoughts, hopelessness, and depression inventory scores when comparing the groups. No correlation was found between the CAS (F=1.098), BHS (F=1.610), BDI (F=1.699), and ATQ (r=0.151) scales and the increase in myopia when we performed linear mixed model analysis and Spearman correlation analysis. There was no significant relationship between the degree of myopia and automatic thoughts, hopelessness anxiety, and depression. Conclusion: The results indicate that adolescents with myopia had higher levels of anxiety after the COVID-19 pandemic. There was no significant correlation between the degree of myopia and anxiety, depression, hopelessness, and automatic thoughts. It is important to monitor adolescents with myopia carefully during pandemics and provide the necessary mental health support. This is because offering mental health support to myopic young people may protect them from potential lasting emotional problems in adulthood during potential future pandemics. It may be beneficial for adolescents to increase their engagement in outdoor activities to reduce myopia and anxiety. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The aim of this study was to evaluate anxiety, postpartum depression (PPD), and hopelessness in the mothers of newborns receiving therapeutic hypothermia for hypoxic ischemic encephalopathy (HIE) in NICU. A total of 104 mothers and infants were analyzed as a study group with HIE (n = 52) and a control groups of non-HIE (n = 52). All the mothers completed The State-Trait Anxiety, Beck Hopelessness and Edinburgh Postpartum Depression Scales (EPDS). The EPDS scores, the rate of PPD, state-trait anxiety and hopelessness levels were similar in the two groups. In the HIE group, chest compression and persistent pulmonary hypertension in infants were associated with maternal anxiety, hopelessness, and PPD. The absence of a statistical difference between the two groups in the current study does not mean that these differences do not exist. These results demonstrate the need for further detailed studies on this subject. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

COVID-19 has caused unprecedented impact on the lives of Australians, with significant influence on the mental health and well-being of adults. Initial estimates predict that there will be a decline in birth rates from 1.7 to 1.59 children per woman in Australia over the course of 2021. This study aimed to explore change in fertility intentions as a result of COVID-19 in Australian young adults. Sixty-seven adults (82% women) between the ages of 18–35 years participated in the online survey. The study collected socio-demographic data including relationship status, employment, education, income, and gender as well as three measures of wellbeing including hopelessness, anxiety, and coping. Results of the study indicated that employment status is a significant indicator of change in fertility intention. There was a strong effect for hopelessness, indicating that increased hope for the future is associated with a change in fertility intention. Anxiety and coping did not appear to significantly influence change. The results of this study indicate that the immediate impact of COVID-19 on wellbeing does not cause people to change fertility intention, however, hope for the future has a significant influence. Through the lens of the Theory of Planned Behavior, this may be because people evaluate the consequences of their actions based on predictions of the future, and therefore hope for the future most significantly impacts their attitudes toward having children. Future research should investigate how supporting the wellbeing of young adults can influence choice in fertility intention. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The objective: to analyze the features of the course of depersonalization-derealization disorder (DDD) in men on the example of a clinical case. Materials and methods. The pilot study included 51 individuals, namely: 8 (15.7%) men and 43 (84.3%) women, with average age 21 years (SD=3.66) and 23.86 years (SD=6.88), respectively. Study participants had criteria for DDD according to the International Classification of Diseases for Mortality and Morbidity Statistics 10th revision (ICD-10). The following tests were used in the research, such as the Hamilton Anxiety Rating Scale (HAM-A), the Beck Hopelessness Questionnaire (BHI), the Sheehan Patient Rated Anxiety Scale (SPRAS), the Cambridge Depersonalization Scale (CDS), and the Dissociative Experiences Scale (DES). Statistical data analysis was carried out using the IBM SPSS Statistics program. Results. Depending on comorbid pathology, three groups of participants were formed: 1) without comorbid pathology; 2) with comorbid depressive disorders; 3) with anxiety disorders. Two men were found to have cannabis-induced DDD. The article presents one typical case of cannabis-induced DDD. A statistically significant difference was determined between men and women who have higher scores on the Dissociative Experiences Scale DES (p=0.032). Several correlations between the CDS and Beck tests, as well as the Beck and Hamilton tests (men Tb=0.571; p=0.01) were found only in men. Conclusions. These cases have a high comorbidity, especially with anxiety disorders. Further research is needed to confirm this correlation. The specific weight of depersonalization-derealization symptoms according to the DES scale is significantly higher in men. Cannabis-induced DDD is more common in men than women. At the same time, no sociodemographic differences between the sexes were found. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Adolescents are characterized as a risk group for suicide, being the fourth leading cause of death in young people. The main aim was to compare vulnerability to suicidal ideation in a sample of young people with and without psychosocial risk. The total sample consisted of 137 adolescents, aged between 10 and 19 years (M = 14.76; SD = 1.40), and it was composed of two groups—the psychosocial risk group (n = 60) and general population group (n = 77). In both groups, suicidal ideation correlated positively with negative events and negatively with self-esteem and social support satisfaction. When comparing the two groups, the psychosocial risk group presented significantly higher mean values of negative life events (mainly separations/losses and physical and sexual abuse) and significantly lower mean values of satisfaction with social support (particularly with family and social activities). It was also found that, in the psychosocial risk group, negative life events were the only significant predictors of suicidal ideation. This study allowed identifying the role of risk and protective factors in suicidal ideation, according to the psychosocial risk of adolescents. The practical implications of the findings on adolescents' mental health and the promotion of their well-being are discussed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Armed conflicts impact on the health and well-being of everyone, but its effect on adolescent mental health is a significant, yet under-explored area in global health. Mental health disorders which develop during adolescence often lead to behavioural problems, risky decision-making, under-age substance use and can adversely impact on educational attainment. This study aimed to estimate the prevalence of common mental disorders, substance use and their correlates with social support and resilience among adolescents (age 12–19 years) in Vavuniya; a post-conflict region of Sri Lanka. Methods: A population-based cross-sectional study was conducted, with a modified cluster sampling method used for participant selection. Eight culturally adapted instruments were used for data collection. A total of 585 adolescents participated in the study. Analyses were performed using SPSS Version 23 statistical software package. All statistical tests were two-sided (p < 0.05) and p-values less than 0.05 were considered significant. Chi-square tests were used to explore associations between variables of interest. Spearman rank order correlation was used to examine correlations among depression, hopelessness, quality of life, social support, and resilience. Results: The mean age of participants was 15.02 (± 2.13) years. Ninety-one (15.6%) participants reported being exposed to one or more war-related events, and 85 (93.4%) participants in this group reported being internally displaced due to war. Fifty-two (8.9%) had dropped out of school and the prevalence of depression (3.9%) and substance use (7%) were low. Correlational analyses revealed that depression and hopelessness were significantly negatively correlated with social support, resilience, and quality of life (p < 0.01). Linear regression analysis suggested that 40% of the variance in resilience of the participants can be explained by perceived social support. Conclusion: The low prevalence of hopelessness and depression highlights the resilience of this group in the face of adversity. Furthermore, significant negative correlations between hopelessness and depression with perceived social support and resilience suggest that social support and resilience could be protective factors against mental health issues in these adolescents. However, the prevalence of school dropouts calls for a focus on academic attainment to promote better educational outcomes in the adolescents of this conflict-affected region. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Outbreaks caused by environmental effects such as COVID-19, MERS, SARS, or Ebola cause problems such as fear, anxiety, loneliness, depression, and hopelessness for people with or without a high risk of illness. This study aims to determine the levels of hopelessness and anxiety experienced by nursing students during the COVID-19 outbreak. This descriptive and cross-sectional study was conducted with students of a state university. In the collection of the data, Descriptive Characteristics Form prepared by the researchers, the Generalized Anxiety Disorder Test (GAD-7), and the Beck Hopelessness Scale (BHS) were used. The mean GAD-7 score of the students participating in the study was 6.65 ± 5.03 and the mean BHS score was 6.11 ± 4.91. It was determined that the score of GAD-7 and BHS were a significant positive high relationship between them (p < 0.001). Anxiety and hopelessness levels were found to be statistically significantly higher for those whose sleep and eating patterns affected negatively due to the pandemic, those who feared the pandemic and its economic effects, and those who did not want to work in the hospital during the pandemic period. There was a relationship between anxiety and hopelessness levels of nursing students participating in the study. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: The Discrimination and Stigma Scale (DISC) is a patient-reported outcome measure which assesses experiences of discrimination among persons with a mental illness globally. Methods: This study evaluated whether the psychometric properties of a short-form version, DISC-Ultra Short (DISCUS) (11-item), could be replicated in a sample of people with a wide range of mental disorders from 21 sites in 15 countries/territories, across six global regions. The frequency of experienced discrimination was reported. Scaling assumptions (confirmatory factor analysis, inter-item and item-total correlations), reliability (internal consistency) and validity (convergent validity, known groups method) were investigated in each region, and by diagnosis group. Results: 1195 people participated. The most frequently reported experiences of discrimination were being shunned or avoided at work (48.7%) and discrimination in making or keeping friends (47.2%). Confirmatory factor analysis supported a unidimensional model across all six regions and five diagnosis groups. Convergent validity was confirmed in the total sample and within all regions [ Internalised Stigma of Mental Illness (ISMI-10): 0.28–0.67, stopping self: 0.54–0.72, stigma consciousness: −0.32–0.57], as was internal consistency reliability (α = 0.74–0.84). Known groups validity was established in the global sample with levels of experienced discrimination significantly higher for those experiencing higher depression [Patient Health Questionnaire (PHQ)-2: p < 0.001], lower mental wellbeing [Warwick-Edinburgh Well-being Scale (WEMWBS): p < 0.001], higher suicidal ideation [Beck Hopelessness Scale (BHS)-4: p < 0.001] and higher risk of suicidal behaviour [Suicidal Ideation Attributes Scale (SIDAS): p < 0.001]. Conclusions: The DISCUS is a reliable and valid unidimensional measure of experienced discrimination for use in global settings with similar properties to the longer DISC. It offers a brief assessment of experienced discrimination for use in clinical and research settings. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective: This study was conducted to determine the correlation between hopelessness and depression among final-year high school students. Materials and Methods: The population of this study method, consisted of final-year students from all high schools in the centre of a city in the Eastern Anatolia region in Turkey (N=1928). The quota sampling method was utilized in the study. Participation in the study achieved a response rate of %76,9 (n=1483 participants). The questionnaire was divided into three sections, the first of which had a personal information form that queried on socio-demographic characteristics. The Beck Hopelessness Scale (BHS) was included in the second section of the form and the Beck Depression Inventory (BDI) was included in the third section. Results: It was determined that the BHS total scores were higher for those who had only one alive parent, had authoritarian and indifferent parents, were feeling unhappy, had no future plans, and did not spend time with their friends. The BDI total scores were higher for those who had no parents alive, stated that their parents displayed inconsistent attitudes and only one parent alive, did not get any support from the school's guidance department, had employed parents, were feeling unhappy, had no future plans, and did not spend time with their friends. Additionally, girls were observed to have higher depression levels than boys. Conclusion: By conducting health screenings at schools, protective approaches should be developed specifically for risk groups (such as girls, those who are separated from their families, and those with indifferent parents). [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Stress amidst the COVID-19 pandemic is becoming more prevalent. This paper aimed to describe the validation process of the Malay Perceived Stress Scale modified for COVID-19 (PSS-10-C) amongst Malaysian youths. Methods: The cross-sectional validation study design was employed in this study. In Phase I, the scale was translated into Malay by using the forward-backward method. In Phase 2, principal axis factoring and confirmatory factor analysis were conducted in Study 1 (n = 267) and Study 2 (n = 324), respectively. Results: A two-factor solution, comprising 'distress' and 'coping' domains was derived (cumulative variance = 65.2%) in Phase 2. Concurrent validity evaluated via the Beck Hopelessness Scale revealed a moderate positive correlation (0.528). In Study 2 (n = 324), the confirmatory factor analysis showed that the two-factor model achieved acceptable model fit indices, including χ²/df ratio = 2.57; root mean square error of approximation (RMSEA) = 0.07; 95% CI = 0.05, 0.09; Tucker-Lewis Index (TLI) = 0.95 and Normed Fit Index (NFI) = 0.94. The Cronbach's alpha scale score was 0.855 for the study samples. Conclusion: The Malay PSS-10-C is a valid and reliable scale to be used amongst Malaysian youths. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Indian women exposed to gender-based violence (GBV) report experiencing cultural concepts of distress, such as tension, and trauma-related difficulties. However, tension and trauma-related sequalae have not been explicitly explored. The present study examined the symptoms, causes, and coping strategies associated with tension among slum-residing Indian women reporting GBV (N = 100). This study also explored linkages between tension and posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) symptom severity. Qualitative results among a subsample of women (n = 38) indicated tension was commonly reported. Tension was characterized by varied affective, behavioral, cognitive, and somatic components and was most commonly caused by interpersonal stressors. Participants described various coping strategies to manage tension, including avoiding, cognitively reframing, considering consequences, distracting themselves, seeking medical, religious and/or spiritual assistance, finding social support, and tolerating tension. Barriers to coping were stigma, hopelessness about present circumstances, and negative reactions from others. One-way analysis of covariance with Bonferroni-adjusted post hoc results (N = 100) indicated that participants with higher tension exhibited significantly higher PTSD symptom severity as compared to participants reporting no tension. Altogether, the polyvalence of tension suggested that it requires idiographic assessment. Tension appears responsive to skills consistent with evidence-based psychological treatments for Indian women from slums reporting GBV. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The COVID-19 pandemic has caused disruptions in medical education, leading to feelings of hopelessness among students regarding their medical careers. However, effective institutional crisis-response approaches can mitigate these feelings of hopelessness. This study evaluated changes in the levels of hopelessness among Turkish medical students due to interruptions in their education caused by the pandemic between March and July 2020, using the Beck Hopelessness Scale in three selected periods. A statistical survey was conducted with a total of 3580 participants in three different periods to study the impact of various contributing factors, such as socio-economic status, family problems, health problems, and lack of working environment, on the levels of hopelessness in conjunction with active COVID-19 cases and the effect of institutional interventions for the continuation of medical education during the pandemic. The analysis revealed a direct relationship between contributing factors and hopelessness scores at the end of the selected three periods. Additionally, active COVID-19 cases and institutional crisis-response strategies were found to be indirectly associated with students' hopelessness. An increase in students' hopelessness was found to be related to an increase in active COVID-19 cases in the country, a lack of continuing education practices, and the role of contributing factors. Conversely, a decrease in hopelessness was associated with effective institutional crisis-response strategies. These findings suggest that educational settings dealing with practical subjects should prioritize preparedness for crisis situations. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Resilience refers to the process by which individuals use the ability to cope with challenges to successfully adapt to adverse situations, inclining towards the future and hope. The main aim of this study was to analyze the relation between resilience, personality traits, and hopelessness. Furthermore, we conducted comparisons between two age groups: young and older adults. The sample comprised 439 Spanish participants (66.7% women; M = 43.73, SD = 26.41; age range = 18–98 years). The Connor–Davidson Resilience Scale, NEO‐Five Factor Inventory, and Beck Hopelessness Scale were used to measure the main study variables. The results revealed a negative relation between resilience and neuroticism, and a positive association with the other personality traits. Additionally, levels of resilience were found to be negatively related to hopelessness. The group of older adults showed significantly lower resilience levels than the young adults, although age was not a significant predictor of resilience. Neuroticism, extraversion, openness, and hopelessness were the only predictors of resilience for the current study. This work contributes to the study of resilience and related factors, by attempting to understand the role of resilience and resistance to risk and how individuals tackle challenges over time, with important implications for mental health. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The COVID-19 pandemic is a major global stressor that has been associated with elevated risk of negative mental health symptoms. As a helping profession, our main task should be identifying factors that may shield individuals from the negative consequences of stress, rather than only focusing on the causes and symptoms of stress. One such factor, identified in the literature, is an individual's perception of their problem-solving skills. In this study we investigate the role of problem-solving appraisal in the association between perceived stress and psychological well-being. Participants were students (n = 322) who completed the Problem Solving Inventory, the Perceived Stress Scale, the short forms of the trait scale of the State-Trait Anxiety Inventory, and the Beck Hopelessness Scale. The results demonstrate the health-sustaining benefits of problem-solving appraisal, as all dimensions of problem-solving appraisal (problem-solving confidence, approach-avoidance style, and problem-solving control) were directly associated with hopelessness and anxiety. The stress-buffering role of problem-solving appraisal with respect to hopelessness was demonstrated through the interaction between perceived stress and problem-solving appraisal. However, problem-solving appraisal did not buffer the effects of stress on anxiety. The findings indicate that problem-solving appraisal may be an important protective resource that could be beneficial for coping with other negative events and experiences beyond COVID-19. The implications of these findings for interventions are discussed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of KONTAKT - Journal of Nursing & Social Sciences related to Health & Illness is the property of University of South Bohemia in Ceske Budejovice, Faculty of Health & Social Sciences and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Aim: We aimed to determine the perceived stress and hopelessness levels in COVID-19 patient contacts. Materials and Methods: The study included all COVID-19 contacts who presented to a family health center in Niğde, Turkey between August and October 2020. The data were collected from contacts who were reached daily for a period of 14 days using the Beck Hopelessness Scale (BHS) and the Perceived Stress Scale (PSS). The data were analyzed using the SPSS package program, and p<0.05 was considered significant. Results: While 55.8% of the participants were female, 71% were married, and 46.9% had a chronic disease. The mean age of the participants was 53.44 years. Their mean BHS and PSS scores were 4.40±3.33 and 25.07±5.98, respectively. A statistically significant relationship was found between the participants' places of residence and occupations and their mean BHS loss of motivation subscale scores (p<0.05). Among the participants, homemakers, those living in districts, towns, or villages, and those with chronic diseases had significantly higher PSS total scale and.stress-distress subscale mean scores than the others. A statistically significant positive correlation was found between the ages of the participants and their PSS total scale and stress-distress subscale scores (p<0.05). Conclusion: Although the hopelessness levels of the participants were found low, their stress levels were determined to be high, and most of them thought the pandemic was exaggerated. Due to the psychological consequences of the COVID-19 pandemic such as shock, denial, anxiety, worry, and stress in people, it is important to strengthen crisis and stress management efforts and increase awareness, coping and social support resources by prioritizing high-risk groups such as healthcare workers, women, the elderly, those with chronic diseases, and COVID-19 contacts. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

There is limited research suggesting that women with Benign Breast Disease (BBD) experience psychological distress similar to breast cancer (BC) women. We aimed to examine hopelessness and its related factors in BC and BBD women. This was a cross-sectional study. The Beck Hopelessness Scale and the Beck Depression Inventory were administered to 51 BBD and 52 BC women. BC women had higher hopelessness scores as compared to those with BBD (6.9 ± 4.8 vs. 4.9 ± 3.6; p =.018). After controlling for confounding variables, depression and suicidal ideation/behavior were significantly associated with hopelessness in the BBD group, while only a lower socioeconomic status was associated with higher hopelessness scores in the BC group. We found that not only BC but also BBD lead to a psychological burden. Early detection and handling of hopeless feelings and thoughts that may arise in this population are recommended. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Purpose: It is aimed to evaluate the effect of hopelessness on the perceived partner behaviors during Covid‐19 pandemic process in Turkey. Design: Descriptive. Methods: Totally, 486 participants have been included in the study. Findings: It has been found that there is a positive correlation between codependence, disconnection, controlling subdimension and hopelessness in both women and men (p < 0.05). Practice Implications: In the study, the women and men who evaluate their partners as dependent, disconnected and controlling are hopeless. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Purpose: To evaluate the efficacy of logotherapy on meaning in life, depression, hopelessness, and suicide ideation in patients with depression. Design and Methods: A quasi‐experimental approach was used and 86 participants were recruited from a psychiatric department in Taiwan. The experimental group received logotherapy for 12 weeks. The control group received depression education as usual. Findings: The results revealed significant differences between and within the groups for meaning in life, depression, hopelessness, and suicide ideation. Practice Implications: Logotherapy was an effective method for increasing meaning in life, reducing the degree of depression, hopelessness, and suicidal ideation for patients with depression. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Purpose: This study was conducted to determine the correlation between spiritual well‐being and hope and depression in oncology patients. Design and Methods: The sample of the study consisted of 210 cancer patients. For data collection, a Patient Information Form, the FACIT‐Sp‐12 Scale, the Beck Hopelessness Scale, and the Beck Depression Inventory were used. Findings: The patients had mean scores of 32.02 ± 5.14 for spiritual well‐being, 4.15 ± 4.17 for hopelessness, and 16.05 ± 8.29 for depression. A negative relationship was determined between spiritual well‐being and hopelessness and depression, and a positive and significant relationship was found between depression and hopelessness. Practice Implications: Oncology patients should be given psychosocial care that supports their spiritual well‐being and hope, and depression symptoms should be well known and given importance. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: It was aimed to determine stigma, hopelessness, depression and associated factors in people living with HIV (PLWH). Materials and Methods: This descriptive cross-sectional study included 57 PLWH who admitted to Şanlıurfa Training and Research Hospital hospital between March 01-April 30, 2022. Berger HIV Stigma Scale, Beck Hopelessness Scale and Beck Depression Inventory were filled during face-to-face interviews with patients. Results: It was determined Berger HIV-Stigma Scale mean score was high level (104.5±16.7), Beck Hopelessness Scale mean score was medium level (7.6±6.1) and Beck Depression Inventory mean score was medium level (16.3±13.7). Hopelessness rate was determined as 63.2% and depression rate as 40.4%. It was found a moderate correlation between stigma and hopelessness (r=0.44), a high level of correlation between stigma and depression (r=0.52), and a very high positive correlation between hopelessness and depression (r=0.80). Besides, a hopeless individual living with HIV was found to be odds 76 times more likely to be exposed to depression than a hopeful individual. In the regression analysis, it was determined that being single and growing up in a nonconservative family decreased HIV-stigma. On the other hand, it was observed that having to hide being infected with HIV increased HIV-stigma. It was determined that having to hide contagion with HIV decreased hopelessness (odds=0.13) but depression increased hopelessness (odds=1.21). It was determined that hopelessness increased depression (odds=1.87). Conclusions: Stigma, hopelessness and depression are seen at high rates among PLWH and hopelessness increases depression significantly. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Balikesir Health Sciences Journal / Balıkesir Sağlık Bilimleri Dergisi is the property of Balikesir Health Sciences Journal (BAUN Health Sci J) and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

OBJECTIVE: The incidence of adjustment disorder, anxiety, and depression in cancer patients is 40-50%. These disorders may lead to an impairment in quality of life (QoL). Radiotherapy is an essential part of palliative care that relieves symptoms in advanced cancer patients. The cancer patients may have the opportunity to be evaluated regarding psychosocial morbidity in radiation oncology departments (RODs). METHODS: Advanced cancer patients treated in ROD in palliative intent were asked to fill out Templer's death anxiety scale, Beck hopelessness scale, University of California, Los Angeles loneliness scale, and short-form 36. The correlations of scale results with each other and with sociodemographic and clinical characteristics of patients were investigated statistically. RESULTS: Forty patients' results were evaluated in the study. The rate of high death anxiety was 45%, moderate hopelessness 27.5%, mild hopelessness 32.5%, moderate loneliness 57.5%, and high loneliness 15%. There were negative significant correlations between physical functioning and loneliness, physical role limitations and death anxiety/loneliness, social functioning and death anxiety/loneliness, energy/fatigue and hopelessness/loneliness, bodily pain and hopelessness, general health perceptions/emotional wellbeing, and all three moods. The identified predisposing factors for death anxiety were male gender (p=0.030) and poor ECOG performance status (p=0.034). Higher educational attainment was associated with higher loneliness (p=0.026). Body mass index was negatively correlated with higher levels of death anxiety, loneliness, and hopelessness (p=0.007, 0.025, and 0.020). CONCLUSION: Even more than 50% of the patients who underwent palliative radiotherapy suffer from hopelessness, loneliness, and death anxiety. This circumstance is related to poorer QoL. Advanced cancer patients must be evaluated about psychological symptoms and supported if needed to improve QoL. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study was conducted to determine the effects of resilience-focused psychoeducation on the level of depression, hopelessness, coping with stress, and psychological resilience in patients diagnosed with depression. This experimental study was conducted using pre and post-tests, with control groups. The sample of the research has been consisted of 60 patients (30 patients in experimental group and 30 patients in control group). Data has been collected by using Beck Depresssion Scale (BDI), Beck Hopelessness Scale (BHS), Ways of Coping Scale (WCS) and Resilience Scale for Adults (RSA). BDI and BHS posttest score of experimental group was found to be decreased to be significantly according to pre-test score (p < 0.05), at the control group was not found to be significantly decreased (p > 0.05). The increases in the score of WCS sub-dimension Self-confident, Optimistic approaches and Seeking of social support coping styles and the decrease of score of Helpless approach of patients in experimental group in posttest compared with pre-test are significant (p < 0.05). Psychoeducation has been effective on decreasing depression and hopelessness levels, and increasing effectively-active coping and decreasing-passive coping strategies of patients. It has been partially effective on level of resilience. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The aim of the present study was to compare feelings of hopelessness in mothers of children with neurodevelopmental disorders. The statistical population of the study included all mothers of children with neurodevelopmental disorders in Shiraz, Iran. The sample consisted of 150 mothers of children with neurodevelopmental disorders, including 50 mothers of children with autism spectrum disorder (ASD), 50 mothers of children with intellectual disability (ID), and 50 mothers of children with specific learning disorder (SLD) and they were selected by convenience sampling method. The data were collected during the years 2015-2016. The Beck Hopelessness Scale (BHS; Beck et al.) was used for measuring the feelings of hopelessness. The one-way ANOVA and MANOVA tests were used for the data analysis. The results showed that the feelings of hopelessness and the two subscales of feelings of hopelessness, i.e. negative expectations of the future and the loss of motivation in association with the future, in mothers of children with ASD were significantly higher than those of the other two groups of mothers. It was also observed that mothers of children with ID, compared to mothers of children with SLD, had higher levels of feelings of hopelessness, negative expectations of the future, and negative feelings in association with the future. Additionally, the findings revealed that mothers of children with ASD, compared to mothers of children with SLD, had higher levels of negative feelings in association with the future. Therefore, adopting preventive and intervention programs which can help mothers of children with neurodevelopmental disorders, especially mothers of children with ASD, to overcome their feelings of hopelessness are of great importance. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Turkiye Klinikleri Journal of Nursing Sciences is the property of Turkiye Klinikleri and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Turkiye Klinikleri Journal of Nursing Sciences is the property of Turkiye Klinikleri and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Depression is a common comorbidity in patients with Parkinson's disease (PD) and in their caregivers. This study aimed to compare the prevalence and risk factors of depression between patients with PD and their caregivers. In total, 113 patients with PD and 101 caregivers were enrolled. Patients with PD were assessed using the Mini International Neuropsychiatric Interview, Unified Parkinson's Disease Rating Scale (UPDRS), Activities of Daily Living (ADL), Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale, Beck Hopelessness Scale, Brief Fatigue Inventory, Connor–Davidson Resilience Scale, and Big Five Inventory-10. Caregivers of patients with PD were also assessed using the above-mentioned instruments, with the exception of the UPDRS and ADL. During a 12-month follow-up period, depressive disorders were the most common psychiatric diagnosis of PD patients (27.4%) and their caregivers (17.8%). Depressive disorders were more prevalent in PD patients than in caregivers of PD patients throughout the entire follow-up phase. The severity of fatigue and severity of suicide risk were significantly associated with depression among patients with PD. The severity of pain and severity of anxiety were predictors of depression in caregivers of PD patients. The findings in this study provide references for early detection and treatment of depressive disorders in PD patients and their caregivers. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Introduction: Hopelessness and negative rumination are among issues the older adults cope with it. Examining effective therapy strategies to decrease them are of great importance. The current study was conducted with regard to understanding the importance of this issue. It aims at examining the effectiveness of mindfulness-based compassion therapy on hopelessness and rumination among the female elderly. Methods: It was a semi-experimental study with pre-test and post-test and a control group. Statistical population was 70 elderly females of over 60 and above in nursing home in Bojnurd City, North Khorasan Province, Iran, in 2020. Among these people, 30 individuals willing to participate in the study were introduced by the center’s psychologist and randomly assigned into two experimental (15) and control (15) groups. Instrument for collecting data was Beck Hopelessness Scale and Hooksma rumination questionnaire. Data obtained from the questionnaires were analyzed by the covariance analysis test. Results: Results suggested that mindfulness-based compassion therapy led to a significant decrease on mean scores of hopelessness regarding the experimental group in comparison with the control group (p < 0.01). However, it did not have a significant effect on rumination. Conclusion: Mindfulness-based compassion therapy may be used for decrease of hopelessness regarding aging, but it is not effective for rumination. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Childhood adversity is predictive of poorer health and behavioral health outcomes in adulthood. Males and females are known to experience different types of childhood adversity, with females experiencing more sexual and emotional harm in childhood. Latent class analysis (LCA) has been used to identify patterns among types of childhood adversity. These studies have constructed class structures using single gender or blended gender samples. Class structures based on blended gender samples, however, may misrepresent the nuances of gender-specific adversity histories through averaging, potentially distorting the relative need for gender-specific types of intervention. This study investigated whether latent class structures of childhood abuse are equivalent for incarcerated males and females. Our sample included 4,204 residents (3,986 males, 218 females) drawn from a single prison system. Residents completed an hour-long audio computer-assisted self-interview that included questions on 10 types of childhood abuse, depression, and anxiety symptoms, the Beck Hopelessness Scale (BHS), Buss-Perry Aggression Questionnaire, and Criminal Sentiments Scale-Modified (CSS-M). Overall, female residents were both more likely to experience childhood abuse and have more extensive victimization experiences. Small subgroups of males, however, had even more extensive victimization experiences. Abuse patterns for males and females, while optimally clustering in four classes, are rather unique, especially for higher abuse classes, in terms of distribution of membership and types of abuse. These differences may matter in terms of identifying the relative need for therapeutic intervention among incarcerated males and females and targeting those interventions in ways that reflect the gradient and density of therapeutic need. The next step is to test whether using blended or gendered latent class structures matters in terms of predicting outcomes, such as prison-based behavioral health problems, suicidality, and victimization. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]