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Abstract Background Left-behind adolescents (LBAs) are adolescents aged 11–18 years who are separated from their parents and left behind in local cities by one or both parents for a period of more than 6 months. LBAs in rural areas are likely to engage in aggressive behavior, which can affect interpersonal relationships, reduce academic performance, and even lead to anxiety and depression. To our knowledge, no studies have examined the mediating effect of resilience and self-esteem on the relationship between negative life events and aggression among Chinese rural LBAs. Therefore, this study aimed to explore the relationship between negative life events and aggression among Chinese rural LBAs and how self-esteem and resilience mediate the association. Methods Using a stratified random sampling method, 1344 LBAs in Hunan Province of China were investigated. Information was collected by a self-designed sociodemographic questionnaire, Adolescent Self-Rating Life Events Checklist, Resilience Scale Chinese Adolescent, Rosenberg Self-Esteem Scale and Aggression Scales to assess the psychology of LBAs. Data analysis was conducted using descriptive statistics, Pearson correlation, and regression analysis to estimate direct and indirect effects using bootstrap analysis. Results Negative life events were significantly related to self-esteem (r = − 0.338), resilience (r = − 0.359), and aggression (r = 0.441). Aggression was directly affected by self-esteem (β = − 0.44) and resilience (β = − 0.34). Negative life events were not only directly related to aggression (β = 0.34, 95% CI: 0.275 ~ 0.398) but also showed an indirect effect on aggression through self-esteem and resilience. The direct effect, total effect and indirect effect of negative life events on aggression through self-esteem and resilience were 0.3364, 0.4344 and 0.0980, respectively. The mediating effect of self-esteem and resilience accounted for 22.56% of the relationship between negative life events and aggression. Conclusions We found that self-esteem and resilience mediated most negative life events on aggression. It is imperative for educators and families to improve LBAs’ self-esteem and resilience to reduce the occurrence of aggression. Future intervention studies should be designed to strengthen self-esteem and resilience.

Inspired by periodically aligned micro/nanostructures on biological surfaces, researchers have been fabricating biomimetic structures with superior performance. As a promising and versatile tool, an ultrafast laser combined with other forms of processing technology has been utilized to manufacture functional structures, e.g., the biomimetic subwavelength structures to restrain the surface Fresnel reflectance. In this review paper, we interpret the biomimetic mechanism of antireflective subwavelength structures (ARSSs) for high-transmission windows. Recent advances in the fabrication of ARSSs with an ultrafast laser are summarized and introduced. The limitations and challenges of laser processing technology are discussed, and the future prospects for advancement are outlined, too.

Renal proximal tubular cells are highly vulnerable to different types of assaults during filtration and reabsorption, leading to acute renal dysfunction and eventual chronic kidney diseases (CKD). The chemotherapeutic drug cisplatin elicits cytotoxicity causing renal tubular cell death, but its executing mechanisms of action are versatile and elusive. Here, we show that cisplatin induces renal tubular cell apoptosis and ferroptosis by disrupting glutathione (GSH) metabolism. Upon cisplatin treatment, GSH metabolism is impaired leading to GSH depletion as well as the execution of mitochondria-mediated apoptosis and lipid oxidation-related ferroptosis through activating IL6/JAK/STAT3 signaling. Inhibition of JAK/STAT3 signaling reversed cell apoptosis and ferroptosis in response to cisplatin induction. Using a cisplatin-induced acute kidney injury (CAKI) mouse model, we found that inhibition of JAK/STAT3 significantly mitigates cisplatin nephrotoxicity with a reduced level of serum BUN and creatinine as well as proximal tubular distortion. In addition, the GSH booster baicalein also reclaims cisplatin-induced renal tubular cell apoptosis and ferroptosis as well as the in vivo nephrotoxicity. In conclusion, cisplatin disrupts glutathione metabolism, leading to renal tubular cell apoptosis and ferroptosis. Rewiring glutathione metabolism represents a promising strategy for combating cisplatin nephrotoxicity.

Se evaluó, durante el año hidrológico 2007-2008, la calidad del agua de la quebrada Victoria, Costa Rica, mediante la aplicación de los índices de calidad del agua del Reglamento costarricense para la evaluación y clasificación de la calidad de cuerpos de agua superficiales (IHCA-CR) y el de la Fundación Nacional de Sanidad de los Estados Unidos (ICA-U.S.NSF), para establecer una línea base para los programas de seguimiento de su calidad y de los efectos del desarrollo geotérmico. La red de muestreo comprendió 15 sitios. Se encontró en el agua de la quebrada una contaminación incipiente (entre 4 y 6 puntos), según el IHCA-CR, y un calidad buena (entre 71 y 90 puntos), según el ICA-U.S.NSF. El agua según su dureza total como carbonato de calcio se clasificó en moderadamente dura (entre 68mgL-1 y 82mgL-1 de CaCO3) en 87% de los sitios y blanda (entre 33mgL-1 y 52mgL-1 de CaCO3) en 13% de los sitios. El tipo de agua según la caracterización geoquímica que predominó en la época seca del 2008, fue la sulfatada cálcica-magnésica (47% de los sitios), seguida de la sulfatada cálcica (27% de los sitios) y los sitios remanentes (26%) en mezclas de aguas hidrogenocarbonatas y sulfatadas. Para los programas de seguimiento de la calidad del agua de la quebrada y de efectos del desarrollo geotérmico en la microcuenca, debe incluir los siguientes indicadores: de contaminación fecal, los coliformes fecales; de calidad física, la turbiedad; del estado de los sistemas acuáticos, el porcentaje de saturación de oxígeno disuelto; del contenido de sales disueltos, la conductividad; de contaminación térmica, la temperatura del agua; de trazador de aguas geotérmicas, el cloruro.

Traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) is often composed of a variety of natural medicines. Its composition is complex, and many of its components can not be analyzed and identified. The first step in the rational application of TCM is to successfully separate the effective components which is also a great inspiration for the development of new drugs. Among the many separation technologies of TCM, the traditional heating concentration separation technology has high energy consumption and low efficiency. As a new separation technology, membrane separation technology has the characteristics of simple operation, high efficiency, environment-friendly and so on. The separation effect of high molecular weight difference solution is better. The applications of several main membrane separation technologies such as microfiltration, nanofiltration, ultrafiltration and reverse osmosis are reviewed, the methods of restoring membrane flux after membrane fouling are discussed, and their large-scale industrial applications in the future are prospected and summarized. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Lung injury leads to respiratory dysfunction, low quality of life, and even lifethreatening conditions. Circular RNAs (circRNAs) are endogenous RNAs produced by selective RNA splicing. Studies have reported their involvement in the progression of lung injury. Understanding the roles of circRNAs in lung injury may aid in elucidating the underlying mechanisms and provide new therapeutic targets. Thus, in this review, we aimed to summarize and discuss the characteristics and biological functions of circRNAs, and their roles in lung injury from existing research, to provide a theoretical basis for the use of circRNAs as a diagnostic and therapeutic target for lung injury. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective Based on the US National Health and Nutrition Survey from 2005 to 2021, an interpretable machine learning method was used to identify patients with depression in people over 65 years old. Methods The data of 2005 Mel 2018 and 2019-2020 were used as training set and test set, respectively, and three machine learning models of Lasso Logistic, random forest, and XG Boost were fitted. The best model of area under the curve (AUC) on the test set was selected and explained by interpretable machine learning model SHAP. Results The AUC value of XG Boost model was the highest, which was 0.933 (0.912-0.954). Sleep problems, health problems, and eosinophil count were the top three important variables affecting senile depression. The absolute values of SHAP were 1.16, 0.83, and 0.55, respectively, which showed the main influencing factors of each individual. Conclusion Machine learning is superior to logistic regression model in predicting depression in the elderly. Interpretable machine learning can explain the model from the global and individual levels to make predictions, open the black box of machine learning models, and can be used as a supplement to machine learning models in practical application. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]