605 results on '"Background current"'
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2. Arc Welding Processes: Gas Tungsten Arc Welding: Pulse Current, Hot Wire and Activated Flux-Assisted GTAW: Plasma Arc Welding: Principle, System, Application
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Dwivedi, Dheerendra Kumar and Dwivedi, Dheerendra Kumar
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- 2022
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3. Analysis of mooring-observed bottom current on the northern continental shelf of the South China Sea
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Liang Chen, Xuejun Xiong, Quanan Zheng, Lintai Rong, Yingjie Wang, and Qinglong Gong
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bottom current ,South China Sea ,internal solitary wave ,internal tide ,background current ,Science ,General. Including nature conservation, geographical distribution ,QH1-199.5 - Abstract
The bottom current is an important component of the three-dimensional ocean circulation, which is of significance for the safeties of ocean bottom engineering and facilities, the research on sediment and pollutant transports, and the ecological environment. Due to the lack of observation data, research on the bottom current in the South China Sea (SCS) has been limited. This study systematically analyzes bottom currents from 0.5 to 5 m above the seafloor based on 20-month-long mooring observations on the shelf slope west of the Dongsha Atoll. The spectral analysis results indicate that currents induced by the internal tides and the internal solitary waves (ISWs) comprise dominant constituents of bottom currents with velocity amplitudes up to O(50–90) cm/s. Dominant internal tide-induced bottom currents of the velocity amplitude of O(50) cm/s occupy 53% of the total horizontal kinetic energy. The pulsating ISW-induced bottom currents reach a maximum amplitude of 93 cm/s, which has intrinsic relation to the amplitude of the ISWs, according to the soliton propagation speed solutions of the Korteweg–De Vries (KdV) equation. The background bottom current is strongest in winter, followed by spring, and weak in summer and autumn, which is closely correlated with the behavior of mesoscale eddies. These results are of significance for understanding the dynamics of the bottom boundary layer.
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- 2023
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4. The Pharmacology of Two-Pore Domain Potassium Channels
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Kamuene, Jordie M., Xu, Yu, Plant, Leigh D., Barrett, James E., Editor-in-Chief, Flockerzi, Veit, Editorial Board Member, Frohman, Michael A., Editorial Board Member, Geppetti, Pierangelo, Editorial Board Member, Hofmann, Franz B., Editorial Board Member, Kuner, Rohini, Editorial Board Member, Michel, Martin C., Editorial Board Member, Page, Clive P., Editorial Board Member, Wang, KeWei, Editorial Board Member, Rosenthal, Walter, Editorial Board Member, and Gamper, Nikita, editor
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- 2021
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5. Pressure-dependent propagation of streamers under step voltage in a long point-plane gap in transformer oil.
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Linhjell, Dag, Lundgaard, Lars E., Unge, Mikael, and Hjortstam, Olof
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INSULATING oils , *ELECTRIC potential , *MINERAL oils , *HIGH voltages , *BREAKDOWN voltage , *PRESSURE - Abstract
The effect of pressure on positive and negative streamer propagation in a mineral transformer oil is studied in an 80 mm point-plane gap under step voltage. Increased pressure causes reduced stopping length for non-breakdown streamers, higher breakdown voltage, reduced background current, reduced branching in positive streamers and virtually no change in negative streamer shape. The velocities and acceleration voltages are close to being independent of pressure, indicating that the velocity controlling mechanisms take place in the liquid phase. Amplitude and frequency of small current pulses (probably small "reilluminations") during negative 1st mode is reduced with increasing pressure, but the effect on reilluminations during 2nd and 3rd mode is small in both polarities. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
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- 2020
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6. Timing and types of fluids and foods first introduced in a representative sample of toddlers attending day care programs across Lebanon: Are parents following international recommendations?
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Carine Issa, Ayoub El-Jawladeh, Walid Khairallah, Malek Batal, and Maria Hobeika
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business.industry ,Breastfeeding ,Infant ,Mothers ,Mean age ,Day care ,Pediatrics ,Complementary food ,Breast Feeding ,Infant formula ,Background current ,Solid food ,Child, Preschool ,Environmental health ,Humans ,Medicine ,Female ,Infant Food ,Lebanon ,business ,Infant feeding ,Day Care, Medical - Abstract
Background Current WHO's recommendation for optimal infant feeding advises exclusive breastfeeding for 6 months. After this initial period, infants should receive nutritionally adequate and safe complementary food starting from the age of 6 months with continued breastfeeding up to 2 years of age or beyond. Purpose This study examined the timing and types of fluids and foods first introduced in a representative sample of toddlers (n = 1051) from 79 daycares across Lebanon. Questionnaires were self-administered to parents of toddlers (12–36 months) with a participation rate of 67%. Results Results showed that more than half of toddlers (55.7%) were introduced to infant formula within their first month of life. Around two-thirds received water as the first type of additional fluid (62.5%) with a mean age of 3.86 ± 2.15 months and fruits or cooked vegetables (69.7%) as the first types of food introduced with a mean age of 5.73 ± 1.56 months. Unfortunately, two-third (67.3%) were not breastfed after solid food introduction. Practice implications Our data on current suboptimal feeding practices in Lebanon shows the need to reinforce BF and CF practices recommendations and guidelines at the community, social and health system levels. Conclusions In the absence of specific recommendations and with the poor involvement of the various stakeholders, it was noted that more than half of the parents were not following the WHO recommendation concerning unnecessary fluid supplementation of infants and were introducing food before the recommended age of 6 months; moreover, only a minority of mothers continued breastfeeding after introducing food to their infants.
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- 2022
7. New creatinine- And cystatin C-based equations to estimate GFR without race
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Lesley A, Inker, Nwamaka D, Eneanya, Josef, Coresh, Hocine, Tighiouart, Dan, Wang, Yingying, Sang, Deidra C, Crews, Alessandro, Doria, Michelle M, Estrella, Marc, Froissart, Morgan E, Grams, Tom, Greene, Anders, Grubb, Vilmundur, Gudnason, Orlando M, Gutiérrez, Roberto, Kalil, Amy B, Karger, Michael, Mauer, Gerjan, Navis, Robert G, Nelson, Emilio D, Poggio, Roger, Rodby, Peter, Rossing, Andrew D, Rule, Elizabeth, Selvin, Jesse C, Seegmiller, Michael G, Shlipak, Vicente E, Torres, Wei, Yang, Shoshana H, Ballew, Sara J, Couture, Neil R, Powe, Andrew S, Levey, Chronic Kidney Disease Epidemiology Collaboration, Andresdottir, M.B., Gudmundsdottir, H., Indridason, O.S., Palsson, R., Kasiske, B., Weir, M., Pesavento, T., Kalil, R., Feldman, H., Anderson, A., Go, A., Hsu, C.Y., Chapman, A.B., Landsittel, D.P., Mrug, M., Yu, ASL, Steffes, M., Braffett, B.H., Wyatt, C., Krishnasami, Z., Hellinger, J., Abraham, A., Lieske, J.C., Shafi, T., Post, W., Rossing, P., Rossert, J., Stengel, B., Galecki, A., Spino, C., Mauer, M., Karger, A., Zinman, B., Klein, R., Parving, H.H., Looker, H.C., Knowler, W.C., Klintmalm, G.B., Velez, R., Selvin, E., Wang, D., Value, Affordability and Sustainability (VALUE), and Groningen Kidney Center (GKC)
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Male ,Kidney Disease ,030232 urology & nephrology ,Datasets as Topic ,urologic and male genital diseases ,Medical and Health Sciences ,GLOMERULAR-FILTRATION-RATE ,chemistry.chemical_compound ,0302 clinical medicine ,030212 general & internal medicine ,Renal Insufficiency ,Chronic ,Adult ,African Continental Ancestry Group ,Aged ,Algorithms ,Continental Population Groups ,Creatinine/blood ,Cystatin C/blood ,Female ,Glomerular Filtration Rate ,Humans ,Middle Aged ,Renal Insufficiency, Chronic/blood ,Renal Insufficiency, Chronic/epidemiology ,Renal Insufficiency, Chronic/ethnology ,Renal Insufficiency, Chronic/physiopathology ,United States/epidemiology ,CALIBRATION ,biology ,General Medicine ,female genital diseases and pregnancy complications ,PREVALENCE ,Background current ,Creatinine ,Lower prevalence ,NATIONAL-HEALTH ,medicine.medical_specialty ,Urology ,Renal and urogenital ,Renal function ,Black People ,03 medical and health sciences ,Clinical Research ,Diabetes mellitus ,General & Internal Medicine ,medicine ,Cystatin C ,Renal Insufficiency, Chronic ,SERUM CREATININE ,business.industry ,Prevention ,Racial Groups ,Chronic Kidney Disease Epidemiology Collaboration ,medicine.disease ,Confidence interval ,United States ,chemistry ,biology.protein ,business ,Kidney disease - Abstract
New Equations for Estimating GFR without Race Equations for estimating GFR with serum creatinine overestimate measured GFR in Blacks. The authors report new equations, without race as an inflation factor, using cystatin C and creatinine that reduced errors in estimation between Black participants and non-Black participants.Background Current equations for estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) that use serum creatinine or cystatin C incorporate age, sex, and race to estimate measured GFR. However, race in eGFR equations is a social and not a biologic construct. Methods We developed new eGFR equations without race using data from two development data sets: 10 studies (8254 participants, 31.5% Black) for serum creatinine and 13 studies (5352 participants, 39.7% Black) for both serum creatinine and cystatin C. In a validation data set of 12 studies (4050 participants, 14.3% Black), we compared the accuracy of new eGFR equations to measured GFR. We projected the prevalence of chronic kidney disease (CKD) and GFR stages in a sample of U.S. adults, using current and new equations. Results In the validation data set, the current creatinine equation that uses age, sex, and race overestimated measured GFR in Blacks (median, 3.7 ml per minute per 1.73 m(2) of body-surface area; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.8 to 5.4) and to a lesser degree in non-Blacks (median, 0.5 ml per minute per 1.73 m(2); 95% CI, 0.0 to 0.9). When the adjustment for Black race was omitted from the current eGFR equation, measured GFR in Blacks was underestimated (median, 7.1 ml per minute per 1.73 m(2); 95% CI, 5.9 to 8.8). A new equation using age and sex and omitting race underestimated measured GFR in Blacks (median, 3.6 ml per minute per 1.73 m(2); 95% CI, 1.8 to 5.5) and overestimated measured GFR in non-Blacks (median, 3.9 ml per minute per 1.73 m(2); 95% CI, 3.4 to 4.4). For all equations, 85% or more of the eGFRs for Blacks and non-Blacks were within 30% of measured GFR. New creatinine-cystatin C equations without race were more accurate than new creatinine equations, with smaller differences between race groups. As compared with the current creatinine equation, the new creatinine equations, but not the new creatinine-cystatin C equations, increased population estimates of CKD prevalence among Blacks and yielded similar or lower prevalence among non-Blacks. Conclusions New eGFR equations that incorporate creatinine and cystatin C but omit race are more accurate and led to smaller differences between Black participants and non-Black participants than new equations without race with either creatinine or cystatin C alone. (Funded by the National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases.)
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- 2021
8. The effect of strong shear on internal solitary-like waves
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Aaron Coutino, Marek Stastna, and Ryan K. Walter
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Physics ,QC801-809 ,Science ,QC1-999 ,Geophysics. Cosmic physics ,Stratification (water) ,Mechanics ,Internal wave ,Mathematical proof ,Algorithm convergence ,Shear (sheet metal) ,Background current ,Algebraic complexity ,Variable (mathematics) - Abstract
Large amplitude internal waves in the ocean propagate in a dynamic, highly variable environment with changes in background current, local depth, and stratification. The Dubreil-Jacotin-Long, or DJL, theory of exact internal solitary waves can account for a background shear, doing so at a cost of algebraic complexity and a lack of a mathematical proof of algorithm convergence. Waves in the presence of shear that is strong enough to preclude theoretical calculations have been reported in observations. We report on high resolution simulations of stratified adjustment in the presence of strong shear currents. We find instances of large amplitude solitary-like waves with recirculating cores in parameter regimes for which DJL theory fails, and of wave types that are completely different in shape from classical internal solitary waves. Both are spontaneously generated from general initial conditions. Some of the waves observed are associated with critical layers, but others exhibit a propagation speed that is very near the background current maximum. As such they are not freely propagating solitary waves, and a DJL theory would not apply. We thus provide a partial reconciliation between observations and theory.
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- 2021
9. JUVENILE JUSTICE METHODS: HISTORIC BACKGROUND, CURRENT SITUATION AND OPPORTUNITIES
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Background current ,Political science ,Juvenile ,Justice (ethics) ,Criminology - Abstract
В статье дан исторический экскурс внедрения ювенальных технологий в России. Исследованы различные аспекты правового регулирования уголовно-правовых отношений с участием несовершеннолетних, включая коллизии современного правосудия и пенитенциарной практики. С учетом анализа отечественного опыта, накопленного в ходе реализации ювенальных проектов, и зарубежных ювенальных практик сформулированы предложения по совершенствованию деятельности системы предупреждения преступности несовершеннолетних. The article provides a historical overview of the implementation of the juvenile justice methods in Russia. Different aspects of the legal regulation of criminal matters involving minors, especially in the light of the contradictions in contemporary justice and penitentiary practice, have been investigated. The author makes a proposal for improving the juvenile crime prevention system taking into account the domestic and foreign juvenile experience.
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- 2021
10. The accuracy of robot-assisted S2 alar-iliac screw placement at two different healthcare centers
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Nathan J. Lee, Venkat Boddapati, Joseph M. Lombardi, Eric Leung, Justin Mathew, Asham Khan, Ronald A. Lehman, John Pollina, Paul J. Park, and Jeffrey P. Mullin
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medicine.medical_specialty ,business.industry ,Degenerative scoliosis ,equipment and supplies ,medicine.disease ,Sagittal plane ,Spondylolisthesis ,Degenerative disc disease ,Surgery ,Pseudarthrosis ,surgical procedures, operative ,medicine.anatomical_structure ,Multicenter study ,Background current ,Iliac screw ,Medicine ,Original Article ,Orthopedics and Sports Medicine ,business - Abstract
BACKGROUND: Current literature on robot-assisted S2 alar-iliac (S2AI) screw placement shows favorable outcomes and screw accuracy; however, the data is limited by a few retrospective, single-surgeon studies. To the author’s knowledge, this is the first multicenter study which evaluates the accuracy of robot-assisted S2AI screws. METHODS: Adult (≥18 years old) patients who underwent robot-assisted S2AI screw placement from 2017–2019 were reviewed. All surgeries used the same proprietary robotic guidance system, Mazor X (Mazor Robotics Ltd). RESULTS: A total of 65 screws were assessed in 31 patients. The mean follow-up ± standard deviation was 362±190 days (minimum was 90 days). The mean age was 61.1±11 years old, and 54.8% (n=17) of patients were female. Nearly half of the patients had a primary diagnosis of degenerative scoliosis (48.4%, n=15). Other diagnosis included pseudarthrosis (22.6%, n=7), degenerative disc disease (16.1%, n=5), and high-grade spondylolisthesis (12.9%, n=4). The mean length and diameter of screws were 84.6±6.1 mm and 8.4±0.7, respectively. The mean axial and sagittal angles were 50.0±6.3 and 24.0±10.5, respectively. The overall screw accuracy was 93.8% (n=61). There were four iliac cortex breaches (anterior =3, inferior 1) with a mean breach distance of 3.5±3.2. No statistically significant differences in screw length, diameter, axial angle, and sagittal angle were observed between screws with and without a breach. No intraoperative neurologic, vascular, or visceral complications from the S2AI screw were observed. No post-discharge wound complications, screw prominence issues, or revision of S2AI screws were observed during the study’s follow-up period. CONCLUSIONS: Robot-assisted S2AI screw placement was found to be safe and accurate in this multicenter study. This is largely attributed to the versatility of the robotic guidance software that allows for detailed and precise preoperative and intraoperative planning.
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- 2021
11. Concordance of Squamous Cell Carcinoma Histologic Grading Among Dermatopathologists and Mohs Surgeons
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Sherrif F. Ibrahim, Franki Lambert Smith, Glynis Scott, Kathleen A. Mannava, and James C Prezzano
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Observer Variation ,medicine.medical_specialty ,Pathology, Clinical ,Skin Neoplasms ,Cutaneous squamous cell carcinoma ,business.industry ,Poorly differentiated ,Concordance ,Reproducibility of Results ,Dermatology ,General Medicine ,Intra-rater reliability ,Mohs Surgery ,Surgical Oncology ,Background current ,Histologic grade ,Carcinoma, Squamous Cell ,medicine ,Humans ,Surgery ,Basal cell ,Radiology ,Neoplasm Grading ,business ,Grading (tumors) - Abstract
Background Current staging systems for cutaneous squamous cell carcinoma (cSCC) incorporate histologic grade. There are no universally agreed on criteria to define differentiation for cSCC. Objective To determine the interrater and intrarater reliability among dermatopathologists and Mohs surgeons in grading histological differentiation for cSCC. Methods and materials One hundred thirty-one archived slides were selected. Three dermatopathologists and 3 Mohs surgeons graded the tumors in a blinded manner (Round 1). In an attempt to improve concordance, all 6 participants were then asked to regrade the tumors based on a devised quantitative grading scale (Round 2). Results For Round 1, overall κ was 0.56 corresponding to a weak agreement. κ for well, moderate, and poorly differentiated tumors was 0.68, 0.39, and 0.59, respectively, corresponding to moderate, minimal, and weak concordance. For Round 2 of the study, overall κ was 0.60, with κ = 0.75, 0.46, and 0.61 for well, moderate, and poorly differentiated tumors, respectively. Overall intrarater reliability was 0.70 (κ = 0.70, 0.77, 0.68, 0.71, 0.56, and 0.75), corresponding to a moderate concordance. Conclusion Overall concordance for cSCC histologic grading is weak to moderate among the experimental group. Substantial differences in concordance exist among histological degrees of differentiation, with lowest agreement in moderately differentiated tumors.
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- 2021
12. Model-Based Projection of Dementia Prevalence in China and Worldwide: 2020–2050
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Min Zhu, Fangyu Li, Jianping Jia, and Wei Qin
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Male ,China ,medicine.medical_specialty ,Population ,03 medical and health sciences ,0302 clinical medicine ,Japan ,mental disorders ,Prevalence ,medicine ,Humans ,Dementia ,Computer Simulation ,030212 general & internal medicine ,Mortality ,education ,Aged ,Aged, 80 and over ,education.field_of_study ,business.industry ,Incidence ,General Neuroscience ,Mortality rate ,Public health ,Incidence (epidemiology) ,General Medicine ,Middle Aged ,medicine.disease ,United Kingdom ,United States ,Psychiatry and Mental health ,Clinical Psychology ,Background current ,Relative risk ,Female ,Geriatrics and Gerontology ,business ,030217 neurology & neurosurgery ,Forecasting ,Demography - Abstract
Background: Current and future incidence and prevalence estimates of dementia are essential for public health planning. Objective: The objective was to establish prediction model of incidence and estimate the prevalence of dementia in the Chinese and worldwide population from 2020 to 2050. Methods: A model-based method was used to project the dementia prevalence from 2020 to 2050 in China, which required incidence, the mortality rate for individual without dementia, and the relative risk of death. Furthermore, we detected the impact of intervention on the prevalence projection for dementia using a simulation method. We applied the same method to other projections worldwide. Results: In 2020, the model predicted 16.25 million (95%confidence interval 11.55–21.18) persons with dementia in China. By 2050, this number would increase by approximately three-fold to 48.98 million (38.02–61.73). Through data simulation, if the incidence of dementia decreased by 10%every 10 years from 2020 after intervention and prevention, the number of dementia cases by 2050 was reduced by 11.96 million. This would reduce the economic burden by US $639.04 billion. In addition, using this model, dementia cases grew relatively slowly over the next few decades in the United States of America, the United Kingdom, and Japan, with percentage changes of 100.88%, 65.93%, and 16.20%, respectively. Conclusion: The number of people with dementia in China is large and will continue to increase rapidly. Effective interventions could reduce the number of patients drastically. Therefore, prevention and control strategies must be formulated urgently to reduce the occurrence of dementia.
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- 2021
13. Modified Mediterranean diet v. traditional Iranian diet: efficacy of dietary interventions on dietary inflammatory index score, fatigue severity and disability in multiple sclerosis patients
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Mohammad Borzoo-Isfahani, Iman Namjoo, Fariborz Poorbaferani, Jalal Bohlouli, Mohammad Ali Hojjati Kermani, Amir Reza Moravejolahkami, and Cain C T Clark
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medicine.medical_specialty ,Nutrition and Dietetics ,Expanded Disability Status Scale ,Mediterranean diet ,business.industry ,Multiple sclerosis ,Medicine (miscellaneous) ,medicine.disease ,law.invention ,Index score ,Dietary interventions ,Randomized controlled trial ,law ,Background current ,Internal medicine ,medicine ,Family history ,business - Abstract
Background:Current evidence suggests that adherence to the Mediterranean diet (MeD) can reduce inflammation in chronic diseases; however, studies pertaining to relapsing-remitting multiple sclerosis (RRMS) are limited. Therefore, the aim of this study was to investigate the potential of the modified MeD (mMeD) in improving Dietary Inflammatory Index (DII) scores, disability and fatigue severity, compared with traditional Iranian diet (TID), in RRMS patients.Results:Of the 180 patients enrolled, 147 participants were included in the final analysis (n of mMeD = 68; n of TID = 79). Self-reported adherence was good (˜81 %). Dietary intakes of forty-five food parameters were assessed through the FFQ. The mMeD significantly reduced DII scores after 6 months (2·38 ± 0·21 to −1·87 ± 0·86, P < 0·001), but TID did not elicit any changes (2·21 ± 0·44 to 2·14 ± 1·01, P = 0·771). Additionally, Modified Fatigue Impact Scale (MFIS) total score decreased significantly (72·4 ± 17·2 to 63·9 ± 14·2, P < 0·001), whereas there was no considerable improvement for Expanded Disability Status Scale (EDSS) in the mMeD group.Methods:After initial screening (n 261), 180 RRMS patients were randomised to receive mMeD or TID (as control) for 6 months. DII score, EDSS and twenty-one-item MFIS were evaluated at baseline and trial cessation. Multivariate ANCOVA was conducted and adjusted for age, gender, body weight, BMI, education level, supplement use, family history and duration of MS.Conclusion:Adherence to mMeD, for 6 months, improved dietary inflammatory status and fatigue severity in RRMS patients; however, the TID did not positively impact dietary inflammation and MFIS score.
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- 2021
14. Is surgery for serous cystic neoplasms of the pancreas still indicated? Sixteen years of experience at a high-volume center
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Illya Slobodkin, Waldemar Uhl, Orlin Belyaev, Andreas Minh Luu, Philipp Höhn, Andrea Tannapfel, and Tim Fahlbusch
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endocrine system ,medicine.medical_specialty ,Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism ,Population ,Asymptomatic ,Malignant transformation ,03 medical and health sciences ,0302 clinical medicine ,medicine ,Humans ,education ,Pancreas ,Retrospective Studies ,education.field_of_study ,Hepatology ,business.industry ,Cystadenoma, Serous ,Gastroenterology ,Serous Cystadenoma ,Slow growth ,Surgery ,Pancreatic Neoplasms ,Serous fluid ,medicine.anatomical_structure ,nervous system ,Background current ,030220 oncology & carcinogenesis ,030211 gastroenterology & hepatology ,sense organs ,Pancreatic Cyst ,medicine.symptom ,business - Abstract
Background Current guidelines discourage surgery for serous cystic neoplasms (SCN) of the pancreas, because of their benign character, slow growth, and excellent prognosis. Nevertheless, SCN continue to contribute up to 30% of resected cystic pancreatic lesions worldwide. Methods Spectrum of indications and outcomes of surgery were analysed in a retrospective series of 133 SCN at a single high-volume center in Germany between 2004 and 2019. Results Relevant symptoms justified surgery in 60% of patients with SCN, while 40% underwent surgery because of preoperative diagnostic uncertainty about suspected malignancy. There were 4 malignant SCN (3%). Ninety-day mortality was 0.75%, major morbidity - 15%, 10-year survival - 95%. Risks of malignant transformation and of postoperative mortality were similarly low. Conclusions Surgery is reasonable and safe for symptomatic patients with SCN. Preoperative diagnostic uncertainty is the main reason for futile resections of benign asymptomatic SCN. Conservative management with close initial surveillance should be the first choice for this population. Surgery for supposed SCN without symptoms is justified only in carefully selected patients with suspected malignancy.
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- 2021
15. Pyrethroids inhibit K2P channels and activate sensory neurons: basis of insecticide-induced paraesthesias.
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Castellanos, Aida, Andres, Alba, Bernal, Laura, Callejo, Gerard, Comes, Nuria, Gual, Arcadi, Giblin, Jonathan P., Roza, Carolina, and Gasull, Xavier
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PYRETHROIDS , *NOCICEPTORS , *ALLODYNIA , *ELECTROPHYSIOLOGY , *POTASSIUM channels , *THERAPEUTICS - Abstract
Pyrethroid insecticides are widely used for pest control in agriculture or in human public health commonly as a topical treatment for scabies and head lice. Exposure to pyrethroids such as permethrin or tetramethrin (TM) causes sensory alterations such as transient pain, burning, stinging sensations, and paraesthesias. Despite the well-known effects of pyrethroids on sodium channels, actions on other channels that control sensory neuron excitability are less studied. Given the role of 2-pore domain potassium (K2P) channels in modulating sensory neuron excitability and firing, both in physiological and pathological conditions, we examined the effect of pyrethroids on K2P channels mainly expressed in sensory neurons. Through electrophysiological and calcium imaging experiments, we show that a high percentage of TM-responding neurons were nociceptors, which were also activated by TRPA1 and/or TRPV1 agonists. This pyrethroid also activated and enhanced the excitability of peripheral saphenous nerve fibers. Pyrethroids produced a significant inhibition of native TRESK, TRAAK, TREK-1, and TREK-2 currents. Similar effects were found in transfected HEK293 cells. At the behavioral level, intradermal TM injection in the mouse paw produced nocifensive responses and caused mechanical allodynia, demonstrating that the effects seen on nociceptors in culture lead to pain-associated behaviors in vivo. In TRESK knockout mice, pain-associated behaviors elicited by TM were enhanced, providing further evidence for a role of this channel in preventing excessive neuronal activation. Our results indicate that inhibition of K2P channels facilitates sensory neuron activation and increases their excitability. These effects contribute to the generation of paraesthesias and pain after pyrethroid exposure. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
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- 2018
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16. Plasma ω-3 and ω-6 PUFA Concentrations and Risk of Atrial Fibrillation: The Multi-Ethnic Study of Atherosclerosis
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Michael Y. Tsai, Daniel Duprez, Susan R. Heckbert, Parveen K. Garg, Natalie A Weir, Sarah Nomura, Amy B. Karger, and Weihua Guan
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Male ,medicine.medical_specialty ,Nutrition and Disease ,Medicine (miscellaneous) ,030204 cardiovascular system & hematology ,Gastroenterology ,03 medical and health sciences ,0302 clinical medicine ,Risk Factors ,Fatty Acids, Omega-6 ,Internal medicine ,Atrial Fibrillation ,Fatty Acids, Omega-3 ,Cox proportional hazards regression ,Ethnicity ,medicine ,Hospital discharge ,Humans ,Prospective Studies ,030212 general & internal medicine ,Chinese americans ,chemistry.chemical_classification ,Nutrition and Dietetics ,business.industry ,Incidence ,Mean age ,Atrial fibrillation ,Middle Aged ,Atherosclerosis ,medicine.disease ,United States ,chemistry ,Background current ,Plasma concentration ,lipids (amino acids, peptides, and proteins) ,Female ,business ,Polyunsaturated fatty acid - Abstract
Background Current literature examining the prospective relation of circulating omega-3 (n-3) and omega-6 (n-6) PUFAs and atrial fibrillation (AF) is limited to predominantly white populations. Objectives We investigated the association of circulating n-3 and n-6 PUFAs with incident AF in participants from the Multi-Ethnic Study of Atherosclerosis. Methods A total of 6229 participants (mean age = 62 y; 53% female; 39% white, 27% black, 22% Hispanic, and 12% Chinese) who were free of baseline AF and with plasma phospholipid PUFAs measured at baseline using GC were prospectively followed for the development of AF. Incident AF was ascertained using International Classification of Diseases-9 codes from hospital discharge records and Medicare claims data with follow-up through 2014. Multivariable Cox proportional hazards regression analysis was performed to determine the risk of incident AF. Results During a median follow-up of 12.9 y, 813 (13%) participants developed AF. Each higher SD increment in arachidonic acid (AA; 20:4n-6) concentrations was associated with an 11% decreased risk of incident AF (HR: 0.89; 95% CI: 0.82, 0.96). Similarly, higher overall n-6 PUFA concentrations were also associated with a reduced AF risk (HR per SD increment: 0.93; 95% CI: 0.87, 1.00). Although no significant overall associations were observed for any individual n-3 PUFAs, higher circulating concentrations of DHA (22:6n-3) and EPA (20:5n-3) were associated with a decreased AF risk in blacks and Hispanics (DHA only) but not whites or Chinese Americans. Conclusions In a multiethnic cohort of individuals free of baseline cardiovascular disease, higher plasma concentrations of n-6 PUFAs, particularly AA, were associated with a reduced risk of incident AF. Important differences in AF risk were also noted across race/ethnicity for the n-3 PUFAs DHA and EPA.
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- 2021
17. A Contemporary Classification System of Femoral Bone Loss in Revision Total Hip Arthroplasty
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Gabrielle Roman, Mark J. Spangehl, Adam J. Schwartz, Gabrielle Wernick, Bryeson Rodgers, and Christopher P. Beauchamp
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Orthopedic surgery ,030222 orthopedics ,medicine.medical_specialty ,business.industry ,Compressive osseointegration ,Paprosky classification ,Massive femoral bone loss ,Surgery ,03 medical and health sciences ,Exact test ,0302 clinical medicine ,Background current ,Femoral component ,Medicine ,Femoral bone ,Orthopedics and Sports Medicine ,030212 general & internal medicine ,Implant ,business ,Revision total hip arthroplasty ,RD701-811 ,Total hip arthroplasty ,Original Research - Abstract
Background Current femoral bone loss classification systems in revision total hip arthroplasty were created at a time when the predominant reconstructive methods used cylindrical porous-coated cobalt-chrome stems. As these stems have largely been replaced by fluted-tapered titanium stems, the ability of these classification systems to help guide implant selection is limited. The purpose of this study was to describe a novel classification system based on contemporary reconstructive techniques. Methods We reviewed the charts of all patients who underwent femoral component revision at our institution from 2007 through 2019. Preoperative images were reviewed, and FBL was rated according to the Paprosky classification and compared to ratings using our institution’s NCS. Rates of reoperation at the time of most recent follow-up were determined and compared. Results Four-hundred and forty-two femoral revisions in 330 patients with a mean follow-up duration of 2.7 years were identified. Femoral type according to Paprosky and NCS were Paprosky I (36, 8.1%), II (61, 13.8%), IIIA (180, 40.7%), IIIB (116, 26.2%), and IV (49 11.1%) and NCS 1 (35, 7.9%), 2 (364, 82.4%), 3 (8, 1.8%), 4 (27, 6.1%), and 5 (8, 1.8%). Of the 353 nonstaged rTHAs, there were 42 cases requiring unplanned reoperation (11.9%), including infection (18, 5.1%), instability (10, 2.8%), femoral loosening (5, 1.4%), and various other causes (9, 2.5%). The NCS was more predictive of reoperation than the Paprosky classification (Fisher’s exact test, P = .008 vs P = ns, respectively). Conclusion We present a novel femoral classification system that can help guide contemporary implant selection.
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- 2021
18. Validation of a Novel Compact System for the Measurement of Lung Volumes
- Author
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Roberto Walter Dal Negro, Felip Burgos, Robert J. Shiner, Inon Cohen, Frans H.C. de Jongh, Ori Adam, Kenneth I. Berger, Jeffrey J. Fredberg, and David A. Kaminsky
- Subjects
Adult ,Male ,Pulmonary and Respiratory Medicine ,Population ,Critical Care and Intensive Care Medicine ,Pulmonary function testing ,03 medical and health sciences ,0302 clinical medicine ,Functional residual capacity ,Humans ,Plethysmograph ,Medicine ,Lung volumes ,030212 general & internal medicine ,education ,Aged ,Whole Body Plethysmography ,education.field_of_study ,business.industry ,Total Lung Capacity ,Middle Aged ,respiratory system ,Healthy Volunteers ,United States ,Europe ,Plethysmography ,030228 respiratory system ,Background current ,Population study ,Female ,Lung Volume Measurements ,Cardiology and Cardiovascular Medicine ,business ,Nuclear medicine - Abstract
Background Current techniques for measuring absolute lung volumes rely on bulky and expensive equipment and are complicated to use for the operator and the patient. A novel method for measurement of absolute lung volumes, the MiniBox method, is presented. Research Question Across a population of patients and healthy participants, do values for total lung capacity (TLC) determined by the novel compact device (MiniBox, PulmOne Advanced Medical Devices, Ltd.) compare favorably with measurements determined by traditional whole body plethysmography? Study Design and Methods A total of 266 participants (130 men) and respiratory patients were recruited from five global centers (three in Europe and two in the United States). The study population comprised individuals with obstructive (n = 197) and restrictive (n = 33) disorders as well as healthy participants (n = 36). TLC measured by conventional plethysmography (TLCPleth) was compared with TLC measured by the MiniBox (TLCMB). Results TLC values ranged between 2.7 and 10.9 L. The normalized root mean square difference (NSD) between TLCPleth and TLCMB was 7.0% in healthy participants. In obstructed patients, the NSD was 7.9% in mild obstruction and 9.1% in severe obstruction. In restricted patients, the NSD was 7.8% in mild restriction and 13.9% in moderate and severe restriction. No significant differences were found between TLC values obtained by the two measurement techniques. Also no significant differences were found in results obtained among the five centers. Interpretation TLC as measured by the novel MiniBox system is not significantly different from TLC measured by conventional whole body plethysmography, thus validating the MiniBox method as a reliable method to measure absolute lung volumes.
- Published
- 2021
19. Assessing the optimal time interval between growth measurements using a combined data set of weights and heights from 5948 infants
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Tim J Cole, Caroline Haig, Harshine Sivakanthan, Ulla Harjunmaa, and Charlotte M Wright
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business.industry ,Infant ,Growth faltering ,Time optimal ,Apparent velocity ,Weight difference ,Data set ,Noise ,Interval (music) ,Background current ,Pediatrics, Perinatology and Child Health ,Statistics ,Humans ,Medicine ,Child ,business - Abstract
BackgroundCurrent guidance on the optimum interval between measurements in infancy is not evidence based. We used routine data to explore how measurement error and short-term variation (‘noise’) might affect interpretation of infant weight and length gain (‘signal’) over different time intervals.MethodUsing a database of weights and lengths from 5948 infants aged 0–12 months, all pairs of measurements per child 2, 4 and 8 weeks apart were extracted. Separately, 20 babies aged 2–10 months were weighed on six occasions over 3 days to estimate the SD of the weight difference between adjacent measurements (=116 g). Values of 116 g and 0.5 cm for ‘noise’ were then used to model its impact on (a) the estimated velocity centile and (b) the chance of seeing no growth during the interval, in individuals.ResultsThe average gain in weight and length was much larger than the corresponding SD over 8-week and 4-week time intervals, but not over 2 weeks. Noise tended to make apparent velocity less extreme; after age 6 months, a 2-week velocity that appeared to be on to the ninth centile, would truly be on the second–third centile if measured with no noise. For 2-week intervals, there was a 16% risk of no apparent growth by age 10 months.ConclusionsGrowth in infancy is so rapid that the change in measurements 4–8 weeks apart is unlikely ever to be obscured by noise, but after age 6 months, measurements 2 weeks or less apart should be treated with caution when assessing growth faltering.
- Published
- 2022
20. Influence of fellowship educational experience on practice patterns for adrenalectomy: A survey of recent AAES fellowship graduates
- Author
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Herbert Chen, Jessica Fazendin, and Brenessa Lindeman
- Subjects
Male ,medicine.medical_specialty ,2019-20 coronavirus outbreak ,Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) ,Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) ,medicine.medical_treatment ,education ,030230 surgery ,03 medical and health sciences ,0302 clinical medicine ,Robotic Surgical Procedures ,Surveys and Questionnaires ,Humans ,Medicine ,Fellowships and Scholarships ,Practice Patterns, Physicians' ,Practice patterns ,business.industry ,Adrenalectomy ,General surgery ,Internship and Residency ,General Medicine ,Background current ,Current practice ,030220 oncology & carcinogenesis ,Female ,Laparoscopy ,Surgery ,Clinical Competence ,business - Abstract
Background Current practice patterns for adrenalectomy among endocrine surgeons is a limited area of study. Here we survey relatively junior endocrine surgeons regarding educational experiences in adrenalectomy and correlate these with current practice. Methods An electronic survey was sent to recent AAES-accredited fellowships graduates (2014–2019), querying adrenalectomy volume and approaches during fellowship and current practice patterns. Results Most graduates (63.2%) performed >20 adrenalectomies in fellowship. Exposure was greatest to open (94.1%) and laparoscopic transabdominal (92.6%) adrenalectomy, followed by retroperitoneoscopic (86.7%). The majority (73.5%) of respondents stated their current practice patterns are the same as their exposure during training. Preoperative diagnosis, side of lesion, and patient comorbidities were all ranked as significant predictors affecting choice of approach (p Conclusion The large majority of AAES fellowship graduates receive high-volume adrenalectomy experience in several approaches. The technique to which a trainee was exposed to most frequently was the greatest predictor for preferential approach in current practice.
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- 2021
21. Serum Prostate-Specific Antigen Testing for Early Detection of Prostate Cancer: Managing the Gap between Clinical and Laboratory Practice
- Author
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Mauro Panteghini, Marco Bussetti, and Simona Ferraro
- Subjects
Male ,medicine.medical_specialty ,Clinical Biochemistry ,Early detection ,030204 cardiovascular system & hematology ,Interchangeability ,Serum prostate specific antigen ,03 medical and health sciences ,Prostate cancer ,0302 clinical medicine ,Cancer screening ,Humans ,Medicine ,Medical physics ,Early Detection of Cancer ,business.industry ,Biochemistry (medical) ,Prostatic Neoplasms ,Reproducibility of Results ,Prostate-Specific Antigen ,medicine.disease ,Prostate-specific antigen ,Background current ,030220 oncology & carcinogenesis ,Laboratories ,business ,Total psa - Abstract
Background Current clinical practice guidelines (CPGs) for early detection of prostate cancer recommend for clinical decision-making a personalized prostate-specific antigen (PSA)-based management to improve the risk-benefit ratio of the screening strategy. Some important critical issues regarding the PSA determination in the clinical framework are, however, still neglected in current guidelines and a major focus of recommendations on those aspects would be needed to improve their effectiveness. Content Evidence sources in the available literature concerning the interchangeability of total PSA results measured with different commercial methods were critically appraised. We discuss how the heterogeneity of the measurand, the intermethod bias, and the design and selectivity of immunoassays may affect the diagnostic accuracy of selected PSA thresholds, and how knowledge of the analytical characteristics of assays in service, such as the recognized PSA circulating forms and the cross-reactivity with PSA homologs, is basic for improving both clinical decision-making in cancer screening and the reliability of the clinical interpretation of results at the individual level. Summary Current CPGs ignore the poor interchangeability of PSA results obtained from different assays and the substantial role of laboratory issues in clinical performance of PSA testing. Involved stakeholders should contribute to fill the existing gap by: (a) preparing commutable reference materials for immunoassay calibration; (b) providing analytical characteristics that may explain the different performance of assays; (c) deriving outcome-based analytical performance specifications for PSA measurement; and (d) giving more focus on laboratory items when CPGs are prepared.
- Published
- 2021
22. Three Weeks of Binge Alcohol Drinking Generates Increased Alcohol Front‐Loading and Robust Compulsive‐Like Alcohol Drinking in Male and Female C57BL/6J Mice
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Megan M. McVey, Meredith R. Bauer, and Stephen L. Boehm
- Subjects
Male ,Time Factors ,Binge alcohol ,030508 substance abuse ,Medicine (miscellaneous) ,Physiology ,Alcohol ,Toxicology ,C57bl 6j ,Article ,Binge Drinking ,Mice ,03 medical and health sciences ,chemistry.chemical_compound ,0302 clinical medicine ,Blood alcohol ,Animals ,Medicine ,Ethanol ,business.industry ,Free access ,Front loading ,Mice, Inbred C57BL ,Psychiatry and Mental health ,Water history ,chemistry ,Background current ,Compulsive Behavior ,Female ,0305 other medical science ,business ,030217 neurology & neurosurgery - Abstract
Background Current models of compulsive-like quinine-adulterated alcohol (QuA) drinking in mice, if improved, could be more useful for uncovering the neural mechanisms of compulsive-like alcohol drinking. The purpose of these experiments was to further characterize and improve the validity of a model of compulsive-like QuA drinking in C57BL/6J mice. We sought to determine whether compulsive-like alcohol drinking could be achieved following 2 or 3 weeks of Drinking-in-the-Dark (DID), whether it provides evidence for a robust model of compulsive-like alcohol drinking by inclusion of a water control group and use of a highly concentrated QuA solution, whether repeated QuA exposures alter compulsive-like drinking, and whether there are sex differences in compulsive-like alcohol drinking. Methods Male and Female C57BL/6J mice were allowed free access to either 20% alcohol or tap water for 2 hours each day for approximately 3 weeks. After 2 or 3 weeks, the mice were given QuA (500 μM) and the effect of repeated QuA drinking sessions on compulsive-like alcohol drinking was assessed. 3-minute front-loading, 2 hour binge-drinking, and blood alcohol concentrations were determined. Results Compulsive-like QuA drinking was achieved after 3 weeks, but not 2 weeks, of daily alcohol access as determined by alcohol history mice consuming significantly more QuA than water history mice and drinking statistically nondifferent amounts of QuA than nonadulterated alcohol at baseline. Thirty-minute front-loading of QuA revealed that alcohol history mice front-loaded significantly more QuA than water history mice, but still found the QuA solution aversive. Repeated QuA exposures did not alter these patterns, compulsive-like drinking did not differ by sex, and BACs for QuA drinking were at the level of a binge. Conclusions These data suggest that compulsive-like QuA drinking can be robustly achieved following 3 weeks of DID and male and female C57BL/6J mice do not differ in compulsive-like alcohol drinking.
- Published
- 2021
23. The optimal peripheral oxygen saturation may be 95–97% for post-cardiac arrest patients: A retrospective observational study
- Author
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Yanmeng Li, Guangzhi Shi, Lei Wu, Shaolan Zhang, Donghu Zhou, Jingjing Zhou, and Zhenhua Li
- Subjects
Male ,Vital signs monitors ,medicine.medical_specialty ,Return of spontaneous circulation ,law.invention ,03 medical and health sciences ,0302 clinical medicine ,law ,Intensive care ,medicine ,Humans ,Hospital Mortality ,Post cardiac arrest ,Aged ,Retrospective Studies ,business.industry ,Peripheral oxygen saturation ,fungi ,030208 emergency & critical care medicine ,Retrospective cohort study ,General Medicine ,Middle Aged ,Survival Analysis ,Intensive care unit ,Cardiopulmonary Resuscitation ,Heart Arrest ,Oxygen ,Intensive Care Units ,Background current ,Emergency medicine ,Emergency Medicine ,Female ,business - Abstract
Background Current post-resuscitation guidelines recommend oxygen titration in adults with the return of spontaneous circulation after cardiac arrest. However, the optimal peripheral oxygen saturation (SpO2) is still unclear for post-cardiac arrest care. Methods We conducted a retrospective observational study of prospectively collected data of all cardiac arrest patients admitted to the intensive care units between 2014 and 2015. The main exposure was SpO2, which were interfaced from bedside vital signs monitors as 1-min averages, and archived as 5-min median values. The proportion of time spent in different SpO2 categories was included in separate multivariable regression models along with covariates. The primary outcome measure was hospital mortality and the proportion of discharged home as the secondary outcome was reported. Results 2836 post-cardiac arrest patients in ICUs of 156 hospitals were included. 1235 (44%) patients died during hospitalization and 818 (29%) patients discharged home. With multivariate regression analysis, the proportion of time spent in SpO2 of ≤89%, 90%, 91%, and 92% were associated with higher hospital mortality. The proportion of time spent in SpO2 of 95%, 96%, and 97% were associated with a higher proportion of discharged home outcome, but not associated with hospital mortality. Conclusions In this retrospective observational study, the optimal SpO2 for patients admitted to the intensive care unit after cardiac arrest may be 95–97%. Further investigation is warranted to determine if targeting SpO2 of 95–97% would improve patient-centered outcomes after cardiac arrest.
- Published
- 2021
24. Trends in packaging material for food products: historical background, current scenario, and future prospects
- Author
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Jayaseelan Murugaiyan, Mahendra Kumar Verma, P. Kumar, M. V. R. Rao, J. Madhavi, and S. Shakya
- Subjects
0303 health sciences ,030309 nutrition & dietetics ,business.industry ,media_common.quotation_subject ,Review Article ,010501 environmental sciences ,Environmental economics ,01 natural sciences ,Synthetic materials ,Food packaging ,03 medical and health sciences ,Packaging industry ,Background current ,Food products ,Quality (business) ,Business ,Quality assurance ,0105 earth and related environmental sciences ,Food Science ,media_common - Abstract
The commercial demand for food products and dietary supplements has increased drastically in the last few decades. The packed food products and nutritional supplements have made a profound impact on the modern human lifestyle. Since ancient times, storage and long-term use of food products remain a significant challenge for humans. There are different parameters for the evaluation of food products and dietary supplements broadly categorized as quality control and quality assurance. On an average million tons of food, materials get spoiled daily worldwide due to lack of storage and transportation point out packaging systems inequalities. To ensure the quality of packed food products and nutritional supplements among available measures, packaging remained an important event and had been refined from time to time to provide a standard. Over a period, the packaging industry has evolved using modern technology from the conventional methods of new generation packaging, including glass, wood, and paper to most new biodegradable materials. The ancient pattern of packaging; manual packaging has been taken over by an automated system of packing, resulting in enhanced output with minimal chance of damage to valuable products for humanity. The article will emphasize new insights into current packaging system not only provide the quality of these products but also in aiming new heights beyond conventional technologies and consumer opinions. In the present study, we have given more emphasis on novel methods of packaging, the packaging materials, quality of packed products, and their impacts of food products on the environment.
- Published
- 2021
25. Recent advances and future perspectives for automated parameterisation, Bayesian inference and machine learning in voltammetry
- Author
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Martin Robinson, Jie Zhang, Alan M. Bond, SiXuan Guo, Gareth F. Kennedy, David J. Gavaghan, Jonathan M. Keith, and Luke Gundry
- Subjects
Computer science ,02 engineering and technology ,010402 general chemistry ,Machine learning ,computer.software_genre ,Bayesian inference ,01 natural sciences ,Catalysis ,Field (computer science) ,Materials Chemistry ,Voltammetry ,business.industry ,Metals and Alloys ,Experimental data ,General Chemistry ,021001 nanoscience & nanotechnology ,0104 chemical sciences ,Surfaces, Coatings and Films ,Electronic, Optical and Magnetic Materials ,Background current ,Simulated data ,Ceramics and Composites ,Artificial intelligence ,Cyclic voltammetry ,Analysis tools ,0210 nano-technology ,business ,computer - Abstract
Advanced data analysis tools such as mathematical optimisation, Bayesian inference and machine learning have the capability to revolutionise the field of quantitative voltammetry. Nowadays such approaches can be implemented routinely with widely available, user-friendly modern computing languages, algorithms and high speed computing to provide accurate and robust methods for quantitative comparison of experimental data with extensive simulated data sets derived from models proposed to describe complex electrochemical reactions. While the methodology is generic to all forms of dynamic electrochemistry, including the widely used direct current cyclic voltammetry, this review highlights advances achievable in the parameterisation of large amplitude alternating current voltammetry. One significant advantage this technique offers in terms of data analysis is that Fourier transformation provides access to the higher order harmonics that are almost devoid of background current. Perspectives on the technical advances needed to develop intelligent data analysis strategies and make them generally available to users of voltammetry are provided.
- Published
- 2021
26. Detecting Food Fraud in Extra Virgin Olive Oil Using a Prototype Portable Hyphenated Photonics Sensor
- Author
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Michiel Wijtten, Yannick Weesepoel, Martin Alewijn, and Judith Müller-Maatsch
- Subjects
AcademicSubjects/SCI01140 ,Optics and Photonics ,AcademicSubjects/SCI01060 ,Computer science ,Food fraud ,AcademicSubjects/SCI00030 ,Photonic sensor ,AcademicSubjects/SCI01180 ,01 natural sciences ,Analytical Chemistry ,0404 agricultural biotechnology ,BU Authenticity & Bioassays ,Plant Oils ,Life Science ,Environmental Chemistry ,Olive Oil ,VLAG ,Pharmacology ,Spectroscopy, Near-Infrared ,business.industry ,Fraud ,010401 analytical chemistry ,Pattern recognition ,04 agricultural and veterinary sciences ,040401 food science ,0104 chemical sciences ,BU Authenticiteit & Bioassays ,Background current ,Special Guest Editor (Popping & Diaz-Amigo) ,AcademicSubjects/SCI00980 ,Artificial intelligence ,Photonics ,business ,Agronomy and Crop Science ,Food Science ,Olive oil - Abstract
Background Current developments in portable photonic devices for fast authentication of extra virgin olive oil (EVOO) or EVOO with non-EVOO additions steer towards hyphenation of different optic technologies. The multiple spectra or so-called “fingerprints” of samples are then analyzed with multivariate statistics. For EVOO authentication, one-class classification (OCC) to identify “out-of-class” EVOO samples in combination with data-fusion is applicable. Objective Prospecting the application of a prototype photonic device (“PhasmaFood”) which hyphenates visible, fluorescence, and near-infrared spectroscopy in combination with OCC modelling to classify EVOOs and discriminate them from other edible oils and adulterated EVOOs. Method EVOOs were adulterated by mixing in 10–50% (v/v) of refined and virgin olive oils, olive-pomace olive oils, and other common edible oils. Samples were analyzed by the hyphenated sensor. OCC, data-fusion, and decision thresholds were applied and optimized for two different scenarios. Results By high-level data-fusion of the classification results from the three spectral databases and several multivariate model vectors, a 100% correct classification of all pure edible oils using OCC in the first scenario was found. Reducing samples being falsely classified as EVOOs in a second scenario, 97% of EVOOs adulterated with non-EVOO olive oils were correctly identified and ones with other edible oils correctly classified at score of 91%. Conclusions Photonic sensor hyphenation in combination with high-level data fusion, OCC, and tuned decision thresholds delivers significantly better screening results for EVOO compared to individual sensor results. Highlights Hyphenated photonics and its data handling solutions applied to extra virgin olive oil authenticity testing was found to be promising.
- Published
- 2021
27. Surgical resection, intraoperative radiotherapy and immediate plastic reconstruction: A good option for the treatment of distal extremity soft tissue sarcomas
- Author
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Fabio Paganini Pereira da Costa, Fabio de Freitas Busnardo, Fabio de Oliveira Ferreira, André Luis de Freitas Perina, Marina Sahade Goncalves, Rodrigo Ramella Munhoz, and Samir Abdallah Hanna
- Subjects
Surgical resection ,medicine.medical_specialty ,business.industry ,medicine.medical_treatment ,Soft tissue ,030218 nuclear medicine & medical imaging ,Surgery ,03 medical and health sciences ,0302 clinical medicine ,Oncology ,Amputation ,Quality of life ,Background current ,030220 oncology & carcinogenesis ,medicine ,Tumor board ,Radiology, Nuclear Medicine and imaging ,Original Research Article ,business ,Intraoperative radiotherapy - Abstract
Aim To show three patients with soft tissue sarcomas of distal extremities conservatively treated after tumor-board discussion, involving margin-free surgery, exclusive intraoperative radiotherapy, and immediate reconstruction. Background Current guidelines show clear and robust recommendations regarding the composition of the treatment of sarcomas of extremities. However, little evidence exists regarding the application of these treatments depending on the location of the primary neoplasia. Tumors that affect the distal extremities present different challenges and make multidisciplinary discussions desirable. Methods/Results We reported 3 patients who were approached with a conservative intention, after tumor board recomendation. The goals from the treatment performed were aesthetic and functional preservation, while enruring locoregional control. We had wound healing complications in 2 of the cases, requiring additional reconstruction measures. Patients are followed up for 24, 20 and 10 months; local control is 100%, and functional preservation is 100%. Conclusions Despite being a small series, it was sufficient to illustrate successful multidisciplinary planning, generating a therapeutic result with improved quality of life for patients who had an initial indication for extremity amputation.
- Published
- 2020
28. Pressure-dependent propagation of streamers under step voltage in a long point-plane gap in transformer oil
- Author
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Olof Hjortstam, Lars E. Lundgaard, D. Linhjell, and Mikael Unge
- Subjects
010302 applied physics ,Materials science ,Transformer oil ,Technology: 500 [VDP] ,Liquid phase ,Mechanics ,Pressure dependent ,01 natural sciences ,Teknologi: 500 [VDP] ,Amplitude ,Background current ,0103 physical sciences ,Breakdown voltage ,Electrical and Electronic Engineering ,Voltage - Abstract
The effect of pressure on positive and negative streamer propagation in a mineral transformer oil is studied in an 80 mm point-plane gap under step voltage. Increased pressure causes reduced stopping length for non-breakdown streamers, higher breakdown voltage, reduced background current, reduced branching in positive streamers and virtually no change in negative streamer shape. The velocities and acceleration voltages are close to being independent of pressure, indicating that the velocity controlling mechanisms take place in the liquid phase. Amplitude and frequency of small current pulses (probably small "reilluminations") during negative 1st mode is reduced with increasing pressure, but the effect on reilluminations during 2nd and 3rd mode is small in both polarities.
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- 2020
29. Adding Self-Debrief to an In-Person Simulation: A Mixed-Methods Study
- Author
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Margaret Verkuyl, Kimberley Mack, Merveille Ndondo, Sara Richie, Lynda Atack, Theresa Larcina, Catherine Rowland, and Daniela Cahuas
- Subjects
Self-assessment ,Medical education ,Nursing (miscellaneous) ,030504 nursing ,Debriefing ,education ,030208 emergency & critical care medicine ,Education ,03 medical and health sciences ,0302 clinical medicine ,Background current ,Modeling and Simulation ,Nurse education ,Knowledge test ,0305 other medical science ,Psychology - Abstract
Background Current literature suggests a knowledge gap exists about the self-debriefing process and the impact of self-debriefing after a simulation. Method A sequential, mixed-method study was conducted to examine the outcomes of self-debriefing before a group debrief after an in-person simulation. Participants were randomly assigned by simulation groups to one of two groups: group debrief only or self-debrief plus group debrief. Two outcomes, knowledge test scores and the debriefing experience were measured. Results Three hundred eighty-eight students participated in this study. Both groups made similar knowledge gains and had similar Debriefing Experience Scores; however, open-ended survey responses suggest that the self-debriefing component adds value to the group debrief. Conclusion The self-debrief may provide some benefits to students' personal analysis of the simulation and help them to collect their thoughts before engaging in a group debrief. More research is needed to explore students’ experiences in engaging in a self-debrief plus group debrief.
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- 2020
30. Machine Learning Used to Compare the Diagnostic Accuracy of Risk Factors, Clinical Signs and Biomarkers and to Develop a New Prediction Model for Neonatal Early-onset Sepsis
- Author
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Martin Stocker, Salhab el Helou, Luregn J Schlapbach, Juliette van Gijsel, Frans B Plötz, Jan Janota, René F Kornelisse, Dirk Lehnick, Niek B. Achten, Rob Moonen, Albertine E Donker, Urs Zimmerman, Wendy van Herk, Imant Daunhawer, Rita K van den Tooren-de Groot, Annemarie M. C. van Rossum, Angelique Hoffmann-Haringsma, Sven Wellmann, Madan Roy, Jantien W Wieringa, Laura H van der Meer-Kappelle, Frank A B A Schuerman, Sourabh Dutta, Maren Tomaske, Julia E. Vogt, Esther de Vries, Sintha D Sie, Amerik C. de Mol, Pediatric surgery, Amsterdam Reproduction & Development (AR&D), Pediatrics, Medical Microbiology & Infectious Diseases, Tranzo, Scientific center for care and wellbeing, Huisarts & Ziekenhuis, and General Paediatrics
- Subjects
Microbiology (medical) ,Male ,BIRTH ,Population ,DURATION ,Diagnostic accuracy ,Machine learning ,computer.software_genre ,TERM ,THERAPY ,Sepsis ,Machine Learning ,SDG 3 - Good Health and Well-being ,Risk Factors ,Antibiotic therapy ,Secondary analysis ,INFECTION ,antibiotic therapy ,Medicine ,Humans ,Neonatal Early-Onset Sepsis ,Prospective Studies ,education ,education.field_of_study ,business.industry ,NEWBORNS ,Infant, Newborn ,Infant ,medicine.disease ,early-onset sepsis ,Anti-Bacterial Agents ,Infectious Diseases ,Increased risk ,C-Reactive Protein ,ROC Curve ,Background current ,Pediatrics, Perinatology and Child Health ,Female ,Artificial intelligence ,clinical signs ,Neonatal Sepsis ,business ,computer ,Biomarkers - Abstract
Background: Current strategies for risk stratification and prediction of neonatal early-onset sepsis (EOS) are inefficient and lack diagnostic performance. The aim of this study was to use machine learning to analyze the diagnostic accuracy of risk factors (RFs), clinical signs and biomarkers and to develop a prediction model for culture-proven EOS. We hypothesized that the contribution to diagnostic accuracy of biomarkers is higher than of RFs or clinical signs.Study Design: Secondary analysis of the prospective international multicenter NeoPInS study. Neonates born after completed 34 weeks of gestation with antibiotic therapy due to suspected EOS within the first 72 hours of life participated. Primary outcome was defined as predictive performance for culture-proven EOS with variables known at the start of antibiotic therapy. Machine learning was used in form of a random forest classifier.Results: One thousand six hundred eighty-five neonates treated for suspected infection were analyzed. Biomarkers were superior to clinical signs and RFs for prediction of culture-proven EOS. C-reactive protein and white blood cells were most important for the prediction of the culture result. Our full model achieved an area-under-the-receiver-operating-characteristic-curve of 83.41% (±8.8%) and an area-under-the-precision-recall-curve of 28.42% (±11.5%). The predictive performance of the model with RFs alone was comparable with random.Conclusions: Biomarkers have to be considered in algorithms for the management of neonates suspected of EOS. A 2-step approach with a screening tool for all neonates in combination with our model in the preselected population with an increased risk for EOS may have the potential to reduce the start of unnecessary antibiotics.
- Published
- 2022
31. Paediatric reproducibility limits for the forced expiratory volume in 1 s
- Author
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Nicole Filipow, Sanja Stanojevic, and Felix Ratjen
- Subjects
Male ,Pulmonary and Respiratory Medicine ,Spirometry ,medicine.medical_specialty ,Adolescent ,Cystic Fibrosis ,Vital Capacity ,Forced Expiratory Volume ,Regression toward the mean ,Humans ,Medicine ,Child ,Lung function ,Retrospective Studies ,Change score ,Reproducibility ,medicine.diagnostic_test ,business.industry ,Age Factors ,Reproducibility of Results ,Clinical Practice ,Background current ,Child, Preschool ,Physical therapy ,Female ,business ,Volume (compression) - Abstract
BackgroundCurrent reproducibility standards for spirometry were derived using a small adult dataset and may not be optimal for interpretation of repeated measurements of lung function in children.ObjectiveTo define reproducibility limits for forced expiratory volume in 1 s (FEV1) change that represent the normal within-subject between-visit variability in healthy children and evaluate these limits as a tool to monitor children with cystic fibrosis (CF).MethodsRepeated FEV1 measurements (3 months to 5 years apart) from healthy children from the Global Lung Function Initiative data repository were used to derive a conditional change score. Spirometry and clinical data from a CF clinical database was used to verify utility in clinical practice.ResultsA reproducibility change score was derived from 47 938 FEV1 measures from 7885 healthy children 6–18 years of age. The simple algorithm, which is conditional on the initial measurement, also accounts for age and time interval between measurements. The change score limits of reproducibility were much narrower than currently used cut-offs. Specifically, changes, considered as improvements using either a 12% or 10% relative change from baseline, are too wide for children. In CF, there was overall agreement between different approaches, with the distinct advantage that the change score was not biased by regression to the mean.ConclusionsCompared with current approaches to interpretation of repeated lung function measurements, the proposed change score was less biased and provides a simple alternative to reduce misinterpretation.
- Published
- 2020
32. Prognostic value of a rapid sarcopenia measure in acutely ill older adults
- Author
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Sei J. Lee, Kenneth E. Covinsky, Márlon Juliano Romero Aliberti, Wilson Jacob-Filho, Claudia K. Suemoto, and Claudia Szlejf
- Subjects
Male ,0301 basic medicine ,Sarcopenia ,medicine.medical_specialty ,Time Factors ,030209 endocrinology & metabolism ,Walking ,Critical Care and Intensive Care Medicine ,Workflow ,03 medical and health sciences ,Grip strength ,Low muscle mass ,Patient Admission ,0302 clinical medicine ,Predictive Value of Tests ,Internal medicine ,Acute care ,Activities of Daily Living ,Ambulatory Care ,medicine ,Calf circumference ,Humans ,Prospective Studies ,Mobility Limitation ,Muscle, Skeletal ,Prospective cohort study ,Geriatric Assessment ,Aged ,Aged, 80 and over ,030109 nutrition & dietetics ,Nutrition and Dietetics ,Hand Strength ,business.industry ,Reproducibility of Results ,Prognosis ,medicine.disease ,Background current ,Female ,business ,human activities ,Intensive management - Abstract
Current recommendations to assess sarcopenia requiring specialized equipment hinder its use as a prognostic tool in busy acute settings.To investigate the prognostic value of a rapid sarcopenia measure in acutely ill older outpatients for 1-year adverse outcomes.Prospective study with 665 acutely ill older adults (mean age 78.7 ± 8.3 years; 63% women) in need of intensive management to avoid hospital admission. Sarcopenia was screened upon admission, defined as the presence of both low muscle strength and low muscle mass. Low muscle strength was determined by handgrip strength according to the cutoffs of the Foundation for the National Institutes of Health (16 kg for women and26 kg for men). Low muscle mass was assessed by calf circumference, a validated surrogate measure of skeletal muscle mass, using previously established thresholds (≤33 cm for women and ≤34 cm for men). Outcomes were time to hospitalization, new dependence in basic activities of daily living (ADL), worsening walking ability, and death. To investigate the association of sarcopenia and its components with outcomes we used hazard models, considering death as a competing risk, adjusted for sociodemographic factors, Charlson comorbidity index, cognitive impairment, depressive symptoms, and weight loss.On admission, 203 (31%) patients had sarcopenia. Comparing 1-year adverse outcomes between older adults with and without sarcopenia, respectively, cumulative incidences for hospitalization were 46% vs 32% (adjusted sub-hazard ratio [sHR] = 1.53; 95% CI = 1.16-2.04), for new ADL dependence, 47% vs 24% (adjusted sHR = 1.78; 95% CI = 1.31-2.42), for worsening walking ability, 28% vs 13% (adjusted sHR = 1.93; 95% CI = 1.28-2.90), and for death, 22% vs 10% (adjusted HR = 1.69; 95% CI = 1.05-2.73). Low muscle strength alone was associated with all outcomes, and low muscle mass was associated with all outcomes except mortality.Sarcopenia was a strong predictor of 1-year adverse outcomes among acutely ill older outpatients. Combining handgrip strength with calf circumference may be a practical and efficient approach to screen for sarcopenia, and thereby identify high-risk older adults in busy clinical settings.
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- 2020
33. PJI-TNM als neues Klassifikationssystem für Endoprotheseninfektionen
- Author
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Andrej Trampuz, Susanne Bärtl, Maximilian Kerschbaum, Viola Freigang, Volker Alt, Markus Rupp, and Florian Baumann
- Subjects
030222 orthopedics ,medicine.medical_specialty ,business.industry ,medicine.medical_treatment ,Periprosthetic ,Soft tissue ,Retrospective cohort study ,Joint infections ,Arthroplasty ,03 medical and health sciences ,0302 clinical medicine ,Background current ,030220 oncology & carcinogenesis ,Chart review ,Internal medicine ,medicine ,Orthopedics and Sports Medicine ,Implant ,business - Abstract
Zusammenfassung Hintergrund Bisherige Klassifikationen für Protheseninfektionen beurteilen die Heterogenität der Infektion nur unzureichend. Die PJI-TNM-Klassifikation berücksichtigt auf Basis der onkologischen TNM-Klassifikation folgende entscheidende Kriterien bei Protheseninfektionen: Implantatart und -stabilität, Weichteilverhältnisse, Biofilmreife, Erregerart, Komorbiditäten des Patienten und Infektrezidive. Ziel dieser Arbeit ist es, die neue PJI-TNM-Klassifikation auf deren Anwendbarkeit in der klinischen Praxis zu überprüfen. Methoden Im Rahmen einer Konzeptionsstudie wurde die PJI-TNM-Klassifikation bei 20 Patienten mit periprothetischen Schulter‑, Hüfte- oder Kniegelenksinfektion angewandt. Anhand der Patientenakte wurde die PJI-TNM-Klassifikation mit den übergeordneten Parametern T („tissue and implants“), N („non-eucaryotic cells and fungi“), M („morbidity“) und r („reinfection“), klassifiziert. Ergebnisse Alle 20 Fälle (12 männlich, 8 weiblich, mittleres Alter 72,2 [40–88 Jahre]), darunter 13 Hüft-, 6 Knie- und eine Schulterprotheseninfektion, konnten mit der PJI-TNM-Klassifikation klassifiziert werden. Insgesamt zeigte sich eine große Heterogenität der Fälle: 12 Prothesen waren fest (T0), 6 gelockert (T1) und bei zwei Prothesen ein Weichteildefekt (T2) vorhanden. Bei 7 Prothesen wurde von unreifem Biofilm (N0) ausgegangen. 13 Prothesen wurden entsprechend eines reifen Biofilms klassifiziert (N1+N2). 9 Patienten waren nur geringgradig (M0), 7 Patienten mäßig (M1) und 3 Patienten schwer vorerkrankt (M2). Ein Patient lehnte die chirurgische Therapie ab (M3a). Bei 3 Fällen handelte es sich um eine Reinfektion (r). Schlussfolgerungen Die aus der Onkologie stammenden Prinzipien der TNM-Klassifikation lassen sich auch bei periprothetischen Infektionen anwenden. Schon bei einer geringen Fallzahl ist eine deutliche Heterogenität periprothetischer Infektionen, wie sie auch im klinischen Alltag generell beobachtet wird, feststellbar. Diese wird durch die PJI-TNM-Klassifikation gut abgebildet und kann dadurch zukünftig eventuell zur Verbesserung bei der Therapieentscheidung beitragen.
- Published
- 2020
34. Variability in Current Procedural Terminology Codes for Craniomaxillofacial Trauma Reconstruction
- Author
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Eric Payne, Brendan W. Wu, Mark T. Villa, Zachary S. Peacock, Amir H. Dorafshar, Jason W. Yu, Nima Khavanin, Kamlesh B. Patel, Hossein E. Jazayeri, and Gerhard S. Mundinger
- Subjects
Current Procedural Terminology ,medicine.medical_specialty ,Adolescent ,MEDLINE ,Terminology ,Young Adult ,03 medical and health sciences ,0302 clinical medicine ,Documentation ,Surveys and Questionnaires ,medicine ,Humans ,Medical physics ,Child ,030223 otorhinolaryngology ,Craniofacial surgery ,Descriptive statistics ,business.industry ,030206 dentistry ,General Medicine ,Maxillary Diseases ,United States ,Cross-Sectional Studies ,Otorhinolaryngology ,Background current ,Child, Preschool ,Surgery ,Mandibular Reconstruction ,business ,Coding (social sciences) - Abstract
Background Current Procedural Terminology (CPT) codes are an important part of surgical documentation and billing for services provided within the United States. This limited coding language presents a challenge in the heterogenous and rapidly evolving field of craniofacial surgery. The authors aimed to survey members of the American Society of Maxillofacial Surgery (ASMS) to characterize the variability in coding practices in the surgical management of craniofacial trauma. Methods A cross-sectional of 500 members of the ASMS survey was carried out. Descriptive statistics were calculated. The effect of various practice characteristics on coding practices was evaluated using Chi-squared tests and Fisher's exact tests. Results In total, 79 participants responded including 77 plastic surgeons. About 75% worked in academic centers and 38% reported being in practice over 20 years. Coding practices were not significantly associated with training background or years in practice. Unilateral mandibular and unilateral nasoorbitoethmoid fractures demonstrated the greatest agreement with 99% and 88% of respondents agree upon a single coding strategy, respectively. Midface fractures, bilateral nasoorbitoethmoid fractures, and more complex mandibular demonstrated considerable variability in coding. Conclusion There is a wide variability among members of the ASMS in CPT coding practices for the operative management of craniofacial trauma. To more accurately convey the complexity of craniofacial trauma reconstruction to billers and insurance companies, the authors must develop a more descriptive coding language that captures the heterogeneity of patient presentation and surgical procedures.
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- 2020
35. Published Operative Times Do Not Reflect Surgeon Effort: A Novel Approach for Calculating Operative Times in Total Hip Arthroplasty to Better Quantify Surgeon Work
- Author
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Harpal S. Khanuja, Syed A. Hasan, Yash P. Chaudhry, Mitchell A. Solano, Julius K. Oni, and Robert S. Sterling
- Subjects
Adult ,Surgeons ,030222 orthopedics ,medicine.medical_specialty ,business.industry ,Arthroplasty, Replacement, Hip ,General surgery ,Operative Time ,03 medical and health sciences ,surgical procedures, operative ,0302 clinical medicine ,Hospital treatment ,Background current ,Humans ,Medicine ,Operative time ,Orthopedics and Sports Medicine ,Fellowships and Scholarships ,business ,Fellowship training ,Surgeon volume ,American society of anesthesiologists ,Total hip arthroplasty - Abstract
Background Current estimates of operative time (OT) for total hip arthroplasty (THA) are reported as the mean OT across all procedures. This method does not reflect variability among surgeons and surgical settings and should not be used to infer individual surgeon work. We hypothesized that this method would underestimate the time it takes individual surgeons to perform THA. Therefore, we compared the mean OT for all THA cases (“overall OT”) with the mean OT for individual surgeons (“individual surgeon OT”) and examined which factors were associated with each. Methods Mean OT was calculated for 3972 primary THA cases (“overall OT”) by 41 surgeons from 2015 to 2018 in a single health system. The mean OT for each surgeon was determined (“individual surgeon OT”), averaged across surgeons, and compared with overall OT. Overall OT and individual surgeon OT were assessed for associations with surgeon-related (adult reconstruction fellowship training, THA volume, years’ experience), hospital-related (hospital type, trainee presence), and patient-related (age, body mass index category, American Society of Anesthesiologists physical status classification) factors (alpha = 0.05). Results Mean individual surgeon OT was significantly longer (106 ± 21 minutes) than overall OT (96 ± 28 minutes) (P = .03), with 73% of individual surgeon OTs being greater than overall OT. Although all surgeon-, hospital-, and patient-related factors were associated with significant differences in overall OT, only hospital type was associated with differences in individual surgeon OT. Conclusion Individual surgeon OT was longer than overall OT for most surgeons and provides a better estimate of surgeon work.
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- 2020
36. Identifying the organizational innovation‐specific capacity needed for exposure therapy
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Emily M. Becker-Haimes, Nathaniel J. Williams, Hannah E. Frank, Rinad S. Beidas, Hilary E. Kratz, and Young Vivian Byeon
- Subjects
Male ,Evidence-based practice ,Organizational innovation ,medicine.medical_treatment ,Exposure therapy ,Specialty ,Implosive Therapy ,Article ,03 medical and health sciences ,0302 clinical medicine ,Nursing ,Contextual variable ,medicine ,Humans ,Anxiety Disorders ,Organizational Innovation ,United States ,030227 psychiatry ,Psychiatry and Mental health ,Clinical Psychology ,Background current ,Organizational capacity ,Anxiety ,Female ,medicine.symptom ,Psychology ,030217 neurology & neurosurgery - Abstract
BACKGROUND: Current approaches to increasing the rates of clinician use of exposure therapy for anxiety disorders in community settings are limited. Research underscores the importance of addressing contextual variables to facilitate clinician use of evidence-based practices; however, no studies have identified the innovation-specific organizational capacity necessary to implement exposure therapy. Such work is critical to ensure that treatment-seeking individuals with anxiety receive effective care. METHODS: We used a two-step process to identify the innovation-specific organizational capacity necessary to deliver exposure. First, 24 leaders of specialty anxiety clinics in the United States (50% female, mean [M]age = 47.7 years) completed a survey about the organizational innovation-specific capacity (e.g., policies and procedures) they employ to support their providers in delivering exposure therapy. Second, 19 community clinicians (79% female, M age = 42.9 years) reported on the extent to which these characteristics were present in their settings. RESULTS: In Step 1, specialty clinic leaders unanimously endorsed six organizational characteristics as essential and five as important within the areas of organizational policies, supervisory support, and peer clinician support. These characteristics were present in more than 90% of specialty clinics. In Step 2, therapists in community clinics reported these characteristics were minimally present in their organizations. CONCLUSIONS: Specialty clinic leaders exhibited consensus on the innovation-specific organizational capacity necessary to implement exposure therapy. Identified characteristics were largely absent from community clinics. Developing fiscal, policy, or organizational strategies that enhance the organizational capacity within community settings may improve the patients’ access to effective treatment for anxiety disorders.
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- 2020
37. A synopsis of prostate organoid methodologies, applications, and limitations
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Yuzhuo Wang, Anna Gleave, Dong Lin, and Xinpei Ci
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Male ,0301 basic medicine ,Computer science ,Urology ,Computational biology ,03 medical and health sciences ,Prostate cancer ,0302 clinical medicine ,Prostate ,Culture Techniques ,Organoid ,medicine ,Animals ,Humans ,Functional studies ,Prostatic Neoplasms ,medicine.disease ,3. Good health ,Organoids ,030104 developmental biology ,medicine.anatomical_structure ,Oncology ,Drug development ,Background current ,030220 oncology & carcinogenesis ,Heterografts ,Prostate gland ,Benign prostate - Abstract
Background Current in vitro modeling systems do not fully reflect the biologic and clinical diversity of prostate cancer (PCa). Organoids are 3D in vitro cell cultures that recapitulate disease heterogeneity, retain prostate gland architecture, and mirror parental tumor characteristics. Methods To make better use of organoid models in the PCa research field, we provide a review of cutting-edge prostate organoid methodologies, applications, and limitations. Results We summarize methodologies for the establishment of benign prostate and PCa organoids and describe some of the model's practical applications and challenges. We highlight the patient-derived xenograft (PDX)-organoid interface model, which may allow for the generation of organoids from primary and rare PCa subtypes. Finally, we discuss potential future utilizations of PCa organoids in the realms of drug development and precision oncology. Conclusions and future directions Organoids represent a quasi in vivo modeling system that can be easily amenable to genetic modification and functional studies. As such, organoids may serve as an intermediate preclinical model for studying PCa. Future directions may include the refinement of culturing conditions to increase drug response fidelity in PCa organoids. The PDX-organoid interface model may enable the future establishment of primary and rare subtype PCa organoid lines.
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- 2020
38. Flow cytometric analysis of fine needle aspirates is affected by tumor subtype, but not by anatomic location nor technique
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Laura M. Wake, Amy S. Duffield, Syed Z. Ali, Kathleen H. Burns, Christopher D. Gocke, Milena Vuica-Ross, Christopher J. VandenBussche, Michael J. Borowitz, and Nina D. Wagner-Johnston
- Subjects
Pathology ,medicine.medical_specialty ,Histology ,Biopsy, Fine-Needle ,030209 endocrinology & metabolism ,Pathology and Forensic Medicine ,03 medical and health sciences ,0302 clinical medicine ,Biopsy ,Hematologic malignancy ,Humans ,Medicine ,Anatomic Location ,medicine.diagnostic_test ,business.industry ,General Medicine ,Flow Cytometry ,medicine.disease ,Lymphoma ,body regions ,Tumor Subtype ,surgical procedures, operative ,Fine-needle aspiration ,Background current ,Hematologic Neoplasms ,030220 oncology & carcinogenesis ,Morphologic diagnosis ,business - Abstract
BACKGROUND Current clinical practices are shifting towards utilizing less invasive biopsy techniques, including fine needle aspiration (FNA) and needle core biopsies. If a patient has a suspected hematologic malignancy, a portion of the FNA sample is typically submitted for flow cytometry (FC) analysis, providing valuable immunophenotypic data. METHODS FNA specimens were identified via a pathology database search. All cases were morphologic evaluated and a subset of cases were analyzed by FC. RESULTS 245 hematologic FNA specimens were identified; 84% of these cases had an adequate number of cells for FC analysis, and an unequivocal morphologic diagnosis (benign or malignant) was rendered in 85%. The percentage of cases with an unequivocal diagnosis was statistically significantly higher in those with associated FC than with those without FC (90% vs 58%). Neither FNA technique nor anatomic site affected the likelihood of obtaining an adequate sample for FC analysis and/or rendering a definitive morphologic or unequivocal FC diagnosis. Likewise, tumor subtype did not affect the likelihood of acquiring enough cells for FC analysis, but occasionally resulted in equivocal FC diagnoses or discordant FNA and FC diagnoses. Aggressive B-cell lymphomas and Hodgkin lymphomas were significantly less likely to be detected by FC as compared to low-grade B-cell lymphomas. Discrepancies between FNA and FC diagnoses occurred in 13% of cases. The majority of discrepancies (78%) included FC false negatives, while only 22% of cases had atypical or positive FC with negative FNA. CONCLUSIONS FNA with associated FC is a powerful diagnostic technique; however, lymphoma subtype may affect diagnostic sensitivity by FC, and therefore, discordant FNA and FC results should be interpreted with caution.
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- 2020
39. An automated method for preparing and calibrating electrochemical concentration cell (ECC) ozonesondes
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Francis J. Schmidlin and Bruno Hoegger
- Subjects
Atmospheric Science ,010504 meteorology & atmospheric sciences ,lcsh:TA715-787 ,Nuclear engineering ,0208 environmental biotechnology ,Airflow ,lcsh:Earthwork. Foundations ,02 engineering and technology ,Partial pressure ,01 natural sciences ,Concentration cell ,020801 environmental engineering ,lcsh:Environmental engineering ,Background current ,Calibration ,Environmental science ,lcsh:TA170-171 ,0105 earth and related environmental sciences ,Automated method - Abstract
In contrast to the legacy manual method used to prepare, condition, and calibrate the electrochemical concentration cell (ECC) ozonesonde, an automated digital calibration bench similar to one developed by MeteoSwiss at Payerne, Switzerland, was established at NASA's Wallops Flight Facility and provides reference measurements of the same ozone partial pressure as measured by the ECC. The purpose of an automated system is to condition and calibrate ECCs before launching on a balloon. Operation of the digital calibration bench is simple and real-time graphs and summaries are available to the operator; all information is archived. The parameters of interest include ozone partial pressure, airflow, temperature, background current, response, and time (real and elapsed). ECCs, prepared with 1.0 % solution of potassium iodide (KI) and full buffer, show increasing partial pressure values when compared to the reference as partial pressures increase. Differences of approximately 5–6 % are noted at 20.0 mPa. Additional tests with different concentrations revealed the Science Pump Corp. (SPC) 6A ECC with 0.5 % KI solution and one-half buffer agreed closer to the reference than the 1.0 % cells. The information gained from the automated system allows a compilation of ECC characteristics, as well as calibrations. The digital calibration bench is recommended for ECC studies as it conserves resources.
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- 2020
40. Trends in Serum Lipid Levels of a 10- and 13-Year-Old Population in Fukuroi City, Japan (2007–2017)
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Masayuki Iki, Toshimasa Nishiyama, Harunobu Nakamura, Takahiro Tachiki, Katsuyasu Kouda, Kumiko Ohara, and Yuki Fujita
- Subjects
Male ,medicine.medical_specialty ,Adolescent ,Population ,Prevalence ,030209 endocrinology & metabolism ,03 medical and health sciences ,chemistry.chemical_compound ,0302 clinical medicine ,Japan ,Cardiovascular Disease ,Epidemiology ,medicine ,Humans ,030212 general & internal medicine ,Cities ,education ,Dyslipidemias ,lcsh:R5-920 ,education.field_of_study ,child ,Serum lipid levels ,business.industry ,Cholesterol ,Cholesterol, HDL ,cholesterol ,General Medicine ,Cholesterol, LDL ,medicine.disease ,Secular variation ,lipoproteins ,chemistry ,Background current ,Cardiovascular Diseases ,lipids (amino acids, peptides, and proteins) ,Original Article ,epidemiology ,Female ,lcsh:Medicine (General) ,business ,Dyslipidemia ,Demography - Abstract
Background Current trends in serum lipid levels among children are likely to be important predictors of future cardiovascular disease prevalence. However, no studies have examined trends in low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C) levels in Japanese children. Methods We investigated trends in LDL-C levels from 2008 through 2017 and HDL-C levels from 2007 through 2017 in a population of 10- and 13-year-old children in Fukuroi City, Japan. We analyzed 17,838 children, accounting for 93.8% of all fifth and eighth graders in the entire city. Adverse lipid levels were defined as follows: 130 mg/dL or higher for LDL-C, and lower than 40 mg/dL for HDL-C. The Jonckheere-Terpstra and Cochran-Armitage tests were used to evaluate secular trends in mean serum lipid levels and prevalence of dyslipidemia, respectively. Results There were no significant trends in BMI during the study period. In children aged 10 years, serum levels of LDL-C and HDL-C showed significant positive associations with calendar year during the study period for both sexes. A significant increase in HDL-C levels was observed in girls aged 13 years. On the other hand, no significant trends were observed in the prevalence of high LDL-C or low HDL-C regardless of sex or age, while the prevalence of high non-HDL-C showed a significant increase in boys. Conclusions In the Fukuroi population, serum levels of LDL-C and HDL-C slightly increased in both boys and girls aged 10 years, and HDL-C levels slightly increased in girls aged 13 years, during the past decade.
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- 2020
41. Ideal timing of early cholecystectomy for acute cholecystitis: An ACS-NSQIP review
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S. Rob Todd, Chad T. Wilson, Jeremy L. Ward, James W. Suliburk, Stephanie D. Gordy, Marcus K. Hoffman, and Elizabeth A. Alore
- Subjects
Adult ,Male ,medicine.medical_specialty ,medicine.medical_treatment ,Cholecystitis, Acute ,030230 surgery ,Time-to-Treatment ,03 medical and health sciences ,0302 clinical medicine ,Risk Factors ,Acute cholecystitis ,Humans ,Medicine ,Cholecystectomy ,Aged ,business.industry ,General surgery ,General Medicine ,Middle Aged ,Acs nsqip ,Background current ,Female ,030211 gastroenterology & hepatology ,Surgery ,business - Abstract
Current guidelines fail to specify optimal timing of early cholecystectomy for acute cholecystitis. We hypothesized delaying operation past hospital day (HD) 2 would result in increased 30-day morbidity and mortality.The ACS-NSQIP database was queried from 2012 to 2015 for all cholecystectomies for acute cholecystitis from HD 1-7.Delay in cholecystectomy to HD 3-7 was observed in 30% of patients with acute cholecystitis. Patients undergoing operation on HD 3-7 were older with higher rates of comorbidities (median 58yrs; 66%) than HD 1 (48yrs; 51%) or HD 2 (51yrs, p 0.001; 55%, p 0.001). Operations on HD 3-7 had increased 30-day mortality (1.0%) and morbidity (12%) in comparison to HD 1 (0.3%, 7%) or HD 2 (0.5%, p 0.001; 8%, p 0.001). On multivariable analysis, HD was an independent predictor of mortality (OR 1.15, 95% CI [1.04-1.26]).Acute cholecystitis should be treated with an urgent operation within 2 days of admission due to increased morbidity and mortality when delayed past HD 2.
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- 2019
42. The use of antiepileptic medication in early post traumatic seizure prophylaxis at a single institution
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Riki Trivedi, Chrisovalantis Tsimiklis, Nicholas Candy, and Santosh Poonnoose
- Subjects
Adult ,Male ,Phenytoin ,Pediatrics ,medicine.medical_specialty ,Traumatic brain injury ,03 medical and health sciences ,Post-traumatic seizure ,0302 clinical medicine ,Physiology (medical) ,Brain Injuries, Traumatic ,Humans ,Medicine ,Practice Patterns, Physicians' ,Single institution ,Aged ,Retrospective Studies ,Review study ,business.industry ,General Medicine ,Middle Aged ,Epilepsy, Post-Traumatic ,medicine.disease ,Neurology ,Background current ,030220 oncology & carcinogenesis ,Anticonvulsants ,Female ,Surgery ,Neurology (clinical) ,Levetiracetam ,medicine.symptom ,business ,030217 neurology & neurosurgery ,Early Post-Traumatic Seizures ,medicine.drug - Abstract
Background Current international guidelines for traumatic brain injury (TBI) recommend the use of phenytoin for the prevention of early post traumatic seizures (PTS) when the benefits are thought to outweigh the risks. In practice however, alternative antiepileptic drugs (AEDs) such as levetiracetam and valproate are being used as they are believed to have a more favourable risk profile. This is despite there being insufficient evidence to support their efficacy. The purpose of this study was to identify which AED was prescribed to patients presenting with a TBI at a single institution, and to determine the rate of early PTSs. Methods This was a retrospective case-note review study done at the Flinders Medical Centre including patients admitted from May 2013 to June 2017. All patients with traumatic intracranial haematomas were included. Patients were excluded if they had seizures prior to presentation to hospital or died within 24 h of injury. The primary outcomes were rate of early PTSs and the type of prophylactic AED prescribed. Results During this study period, 610 patients presented with a mild, moderate or severe traumatic brain injury. Overall, 16% of patients were prescribed an AED, with more than 90% of these patients being prescribed levetiracetam. Overall, the rate of early PTSs for patients prescribed AEDs was 2.9% compared with 3.5% for patients not prescribed AEDs (OR 0.83 CI 0.24–2.85 p = 1). Conclusions This study showed that levetiracetam was the most commonly prescribed AED. It also demonstrated no statistically significant difference in the rate of early PTSs in patients with TBI, with or without prophylactic AEDs. This is in keeping with other contemporary studies, and therefore the routine administration of prophylactic AEDs may need to be re-examined.
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- 2019
43. Family Members’ Experiences with Observing Pain Behaviors Using the Critical-Care Pain Observation Tool
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Melissa Richard Lalonde, Madalina Boitor, Céline Gélinas, and Sarah Mohand-Saïd
- Subjects
Adult ,Male ,Canada ,medicine.medical_specialty ,Critical Care ,Cross-sectional study ,media_common.quotation_subject ,MEDLINE ,Pain ,law.invention ,03 medical and health sciences ,0302 clinical medicine ,law ,Pain assessment ,Surveys and Questionnaires ,Perception ,Humans ,Medicine ,Family ,030212 general & internal medicine ,Pain Measurement ,media_common ,Advanced and Specialized Nursing ,030504 nursing ,business.industry ,Reproducibility of Results ,Middle Aged ,Pain management ,Intensive care unit ,Inter-rater reliability ,Cross-Sectional Studies ,Background current ,Family medicine ,Female ,0305 other medical science ,business ,Behavior Observation Techniques - Abstract
Background Current guidelines support family members' participation in care, but little is known regarding their potential contribution to pain assessment using validated behavioral pain scales. Aims This study aimed to describe family members’ observations of pain behaviors with the Critical-Care Pain Observation Tool and their evaluation of the tool and its use, and to understand their experience and perceptions of their potential role in pain management in the intensive care unit. Design A mixed methods cross-sectional explanatory design was used. Setting A medical-surgical intensive care unit in Canada. Participants/Subjects Family members were eligible if they had a loved one admitted in the intensive care unit who was unable to self-report. Methods Family members identified pain behaviors using the Critical-Care Pain Observation Tool after a brief training, completed a self-administered questionnaire, and participated in a follow-up individual interview regarding their experience and perceived potential role in pain management when their loved one is unable to self-report. Results Ten family members participated. A 15-minute training appeared sufficient for family members to be comfortable with observing pain behaviors included in the Critical-Care Pain Observation Tool. The tool allowed them to confirm their observations of pain behaviors, to focus more on the patient, and to advocate for better pain management. Conclusions Future research is needed to explore the views of more family members and to compare their Critical-Care Pain Observation Tool scores to the ones of nurses' for interrater reliability testing.
- Published
- 2019
44. Screening for diabetes in India should be initiated at 25 years age
- Author
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Arvind Sosale, Shashank Joshi, Ashok Kumar Das, Banshi Saboo, Ambady Ramachandran, Anoop Misra, and Jothydev Kesavadev
- Subjects
Gerontology ,Adult ,Male ,Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism ,India ,Type 2 diabetes ,Overweight ,Risk Factors ,Diabetes mellitus ,Internal Medicine ,medicine ,Humans ,Mass Screening ,Obesity ,business.industry ,Age Factors ,General Medicine ,medicine.disease ,Cross-Sectional Studies ,Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2 ,Background current ,Female ,medicine.symptom ,business ,Body mass index - Abstract
Background Current guidelines state that screening for diabetes should be done at 30 years of age in India. Methods Investigators from multiple sites in India were involved in providing data regarding patients with type 2 diabetes (T2D) aged 30 years or less. Other relevant studies were also reviewed. Results Overview of published and unpublished data show increasing prevalence of T2D in individuals 30 years and less. About 3/4th of them had overweight/obesity. Conclusion Screening for diabetes in India should start at 25 years in non-pregnant adults instead of 30 years as currently stipulated.
- Published
- 2021
45. Electrochemical Detection of Alkaloids in HPLC
- Author
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Ranta, V.-P., Callaway, J. C., Naaranlahti, T., Linskens, H. F., editor, Jackson, J. F., editor, Linskens, Hans Ferdinand, editor, and Jackson, John F., editor
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- 1994
- Full Text
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46. Is molecular testing in patients with low risk papillary thyroid carcinoma justified? A Markovian model
- Author
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Raphael Feinmesser, Galit Avior, Moshe Leshno, Gilad Feinmesser, and Eran E. Alon
- Subjects
Oncology ,Total thyroidectomy ,medicine.medical_specialty ,endocrine system diseases ,business.industry ,Carcinoma, Papillary ,Thyroid carcinoma ,medicine.anatomical_structure ,Otorhinolaryngology ,Sensitivity test ,Molecular Diagnostic Techniques ,Background current ,Thyroid Cancer, Papillary ,Internal medicine ,medicine ,Thyroidectomy ,Survival advantage ,Humans ,In patient ,Prognostic group ,Thyroid Neoplasms ,business ,Lymph node ,Retrospective Studies - Abstract
Background Current guidelines consider all cases of papillary thyroid carcinoma (PTC) smaller than 4 cm and without extrathyroidal extension (ETE) and/or lymph node metastases as belonging to the same prognostic group, and therefore the recommendation is for uniform treatment. Xing draws our attention to a small subgroup with Duet Mutations (BRAF E600 and TERT 3636 genes) that are aggressive biologically and should be treated differently. Thus the aim of the present study is to test the validity of this recommendation. Methods A Markovian Model is used to evaluate the above hypothesis. Results A Monte Carlo sensitivity test shows a 5.6 year survival advantage for patients with low-grade PTC, who have the Duet Mutations, and were treated by total thyroidectomy rather than hemithyroidectomy. Conclusions We conclude that there is a place for routine molecular tests in low-risk patients with PTC.
- Published
- 2021
47. Rate of reinfections after SARS-CoV-2 primary infection in the population of an Italian province: a cohort study
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Maria Elena Flacco, A Caponetti, Lamberto Manzoli, C Acuti Martellucci, R Carota, P Fazii, and G Soldato
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medicine.medical_specialty ,Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) ,Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) ,Population ,Short Report ,New infection ,NO ,Cohort Studies ,Internal medicine ,medicine ,Humans ,AcademicSubjects/MED00860 ,education ,Retrospective Studies ,relapse ,education.field_of_study ,business.industry ,SARS-CoV-2 ,Incidence (epidemiology) ,Public Health, Environmental and Occupational Health ,COVID-19 ,Retrospective cohort study ,COVID-19, Italy, reinfection, relapse, SARS-CoV-2 ,General Medicine ,Italy ,Background current ,Reinfection ,business ,Cohort study - Abstract
Background Current data suggest that severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) reinfections are rare, but no information are available on minors and after 12 months of follow-up. Methods This retrospective cohort study included all the population of an Italian Province, diagnosed with a SARS-CoV-2 infection from March 2020 to May 2021. The primary outcome was the incidence of a reinfection, defined as a new positive polymerase chain reaction (PCR) test occurring ≥90 days after complete resolution of the first infection, and data were retrieved from the official datasets (coronavirus disease 2019 [COVID-19], demographic, hospital and co-pay exemption) of the Local Health Unit (LHU) of Pescara. Results After an average of 201 days of follow-up (max. 414), we recorded 24 reinfections ≥90 days after the resolution of the first 7173 infections (0.33%). Four reinfections required hospitalization, one was lethal. Most of the reinfections (n = 13) occurred 6–9 months after the resolution of the first infection; no new infection was detected 12 or more months later and among the 832 minors. Conclusions This study confirms previous findings on a low risk of SARS-CoV-2 reinfection. If confirmed, these findings suggest that more targeted restriction policies can be applied to the subjects that recovered after a first infection.
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- 2021
48. Claims‐Based Score for the Prediction of Bleeding in a Contemporary Cohort of Patients Receiving Oral Anticoagulation for Venous Thromboembolism
- Author
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Rob F. Walker, Faye L. Norby, Neil A. Zakai, Pamela L. Lutsey, Alvaro Alonso, Richard F. MacLehose, and Terrence J. Adam
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Adult ,Male ,medicine.medical_specialty ,Complications ,Embolism ,venous thromboembolism ,Hemorrhage ,Vascular Medicine ,Risk Factors ,medicine ,Humans ,Diseases of the circulatory (Cardiovascular) system ,In patient ,oral anticoagulants ,Oral anticoagulation ,Original Research ,Aged ,business.industry ,MarketScan ,Anticoagulants ,Thrombosis ,prediction ,Middle Aged ,bleeding ,Background current ,RC666-701 ,Emergency medicine ,Cohort ,Female ,Cardiology and Cardiovascular Medicine ,Risk assessment ,business ,Venous thromboembolism - Abstract
Background Current scores for bleeding risk assessment in patients with venous thromboembolism (VTE) undergoing oral anticoagulation have limited predictive capacity. We developed and internally validated a bleeding prediction model using healthcare claims data. Methods and Results We selected patients with incident VTE initiating oral anticoagulation in the 2011 to 2017 MarketScan databases. Hospitalized bleeding events were identified using validated algorithms in the 180 days after VTE diagnosis. We evaluated demographic factors, comorbidities, and medication use before oral anticoagulation initiation as potential predictors of bleeding using stepwise selection of variables in Cox models run on 1000 bootstrap samples of the patient population. Variables included in >60% of all models were selected for the final analysis. We internally validated the model using bootstrapping and correcting for optimism. We included 165 434 patients with VTE and initiating oral anticoagulation, of whom 2294 had a bleeding event. After undergoing the variable selection process, the final model included 20 terms (15 main effects and 5 interactions). The c‐statistic for the final model was 0.68 (95% CI, 0.67–0.69). The internally validated c‐statistic corrected for optimism was 0.68 (95% CI, 0.67–0.69). For comparison, the c‐statistic of the Hypertension, Abnormal Renal/Liver Function, Stroke, Bleeding History or Predisposition, Labile International Normalized Ratio, Elderly (>65 Years), Drugs/Alcohol Concomitantly (HAS‐BLED) score in this population was 0.62 (95% CI, 0.61–0.63). Conclusions We have developed a novel model for bleeding prediction in VTE using large healthcare claims databases. Performance of the model was moderately good, highlighting the urgent need to identify better predictors of bleeding to inform treatment decisions.
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- 2021
49. Angioscopic Evaluation of Atrial Septal Defect Closure Device Neo‐Endothelialization
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Toshiki Kaihara, Ryo Kamijima, Yuki Ishibashi, Shingo Kuwata, Takanobu Mitarai, Shun Ogoda, Yasuhiro Tanabe, Hiromasa Kawaguchi, Kazuaki Okuyama, Masaki Izumo, Haruka Nishikawa, Masashi Koga, Yukio Sato, Takumi Higuma, Nozomi Kotoku, Tomoo Harada, Tomomi Suzuki, Kihei Yoneyama, and Yoshihiro J. Akashi
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medicine.medical_specialty ,medicine.diagnostic_test ,business.industry ,Closure (topology) ,Congenital Heart Disease ,Angioscopy ,device neo‐endothelialization ,Heart Septal Defects, Atrial ,Surgery ,Imaging ,Treatment ,Background current ,RC666-701 ,Antithrombotic ,medicine ,Atrial Septal Defect Closure Device ,Humans ,Diseases of the circulatory (Cardiovascular) system ,angioscopy ,atrial septal defect ,Antibiotic prophylaxis ,Cardiology and Cardiovascular Medicine ,business ,Original Research - Abstract
Background Current guidelines recommend at least 6 months of antithrombotic therapy and antibiotic prophylaxis after septal‐occluding device deployment in transcatheter closure of atrial septal defect. It has been estimated that it takes ≈6 months for complete neo‐endothelialization; however, neo‐endothelialization has not previously been assessed in vivo in humans. Methods and Results The neointimal coverage of septal occluder devices was evaluated 6 months after implantation in 15 patients by angioscopy from the right atrium. Each occluder surface was divided into 9 areas; the levels of endothelialization in each area were semiquantitatively assessed by 4‐point grades. Device neo‐endothelialization was sufficient in two thirds of patients, but insufficient in one third. In the comparison between patients with sufficiently endothelialized devices of average grade score ≥2 (good endothelialization group, n=10) and those with poorly endothelialized devices of average grade score Conclusions Neo‐endothelialization on the closure devices varied 6 months after implantation. Notably, poor endothelialization and thrombus attachment were observed around the central areas and on the larger devices.
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- 2021
50. Ordination analysis in sedimentology, geochemistry and palaeoenvironment—Background, current trends and recommendations
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Bialik, Or M., Jarochowska, Emilia, Grossowicz, Michal, non-UU output of UU-AW members, and non-UU output of UU-AW members
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010506 paleontology ,multivariate statistics ,Computer science ,dimension reduction ,Stratigraphy ,Environmental Science (miscellaneous) ,010502 geochemistry & geophysics ,Oceanography ,01 natural sciences ,Detrended correspondence analysis ,Documentation ,Multidimensional scaling ,DCA ,0105 earth and related environmental sciences ,QE1-996.5 ,NMDS ,PCA ,exploratory statistics ,Paleontology ,Geology ,Data science ,Workflow ,Background current ,Ordination ,Limited resources ,clustering - Abstract
Ordination is the name given to a group of methods used to analyse multiple variables without preceding hypotheses. Over the last few decades, the use of these methods in Earth science in general, and notably in analyses of sedimentary sources, has dramatically increased. However, with limited resources oriented towards Earth scientists on the topic, the application of ordination analysis is at times suboptimal and misuse by authors can occur. This text was written for researchers with little to no experience with ordination with the aim of exposing them to the utility and the pitfalls of this branch of exploratory statistics. To do so, a detailed review of three ordination methods is offered: principal component analysis, non‐metric multidimensional scaling and detrended correspondence analysis. A survey of 163 publications in Earth science is presented, in which these ordination methods were used together with a summary of how, why and on what type of data ordination was used. With common mistakes outlined and misuses in those publications identified. Notably, issues were found with reproducibility, documentation, data set dimensions and transformations. Based on this survey, a recommended workflow is offered for Earth scientists who wish to apply ordination. Additionally, this article is accompanied by highly annotated R scripts for novice users to use these methods.
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- 2021
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