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In Turkish cuisine, ready–to–eat vegetable salads (REVS) served with pide/lahmacun, kebab types, and tantuni from animal source in meat restaurants were evaluated since they have the potential to carry risks in terms of Public Health. The microbiological properties of REVS were investigated using agar plate method. Antimicrobial resistance of foodborne pathogens including Escherichia coli and Staphylococcus aureus was tested using Kirby–Bauer disc diffusion method. Moreover, the presence of important enteric viruses was detected by Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR). The number of total aerobic bacteria, coliform bacteria, yeast and molds and, Staphylococcus and Micrococcus spp. ranged from less than 1 to 6.40, 1 to 6.26, less than 1–5.82 and less than 1–5.66 log10 colony forming units·grams-1 (CFU·g–1) in REVS samples, respectively. None of the REVS tested in this study contained Salmonella spp., whereas E. coli and S. aureus were isolated in 38.1% (16/42) and 2.4% (1/42), respectively. S. aureus was resistant to gentamicin, kanamycin, aztreonam, and ciprofloxacin in the disc diffusion assay, however, it was not harboring the mecA gene. E. coli strains (n=16) were resistant (100%) to aminoglycoside antibiotics and 35.7% (6/16) of the isolates were extended spectrum beta lactamase (ESBL) producing. blaTEM and blaCTXM8/25 were detected in two isolates, whereas one isolate carried blaCTXM–1 and blaTEM together by PCR. Of the REVS, two were evaluated as positive for rotavirus (4.8%), six for hepatitis A (14%), and hepatitis E virus (14%). These results indicate the high microorganism load, presence of ESBL E. coli, and viral enteric pathogens in REVS, hence it is important to perform routine hygiene practices. Ensaladas de verduras listas–para–comer (EVLC) que se sirven con pita/ lahmacun, tipos de kebab y tantuni de origen animal en los asadores de la cocina turca, ya que tienen el potencial de conllevar riesgos en términos de salud pública fueron evaluadas. Se investigaron las propiedades microbiológicas de REVS utilizando el método de placa de agar. La resistencia a los antimicrobianos de los patógenos transmitidos por los alimentos, incluidos Escherichia coli y Staphylococcus aureus, se probó mediante método de difusión por disco de Kirby–Bauer. Además, se detectó la presencia de importantes virus entéricos por Reacción en Cadena de la Polimerasa (RCP). El número de bacterias aeróbicas totales, bacterias coliformes, levaduras y mohos y Staphylococcus y Micrococcus spp. varió de menos de 1 a 6,40; 1 a 6,26; menos de 1 a 5,82 y de menos de 1 a 5,66 log10 Unidades Formadoras de Colonias·gramos-1 (UFC·g–1) en muestras EVLC, respectivamente. Ninguna muestra de EVLC analizadas en este estudio contenía Salmonella spp., mientras que E. coli y S. aureus se aislaron en el 38,1 % (16/42) y el 2,4 % (1/42), respectivamente. S. aureus fue resistente a la gentamicina, la kanamicina, el aztreonam y la ciprofloxacina en el ensayo de difusión en disco; sin embargo, no albergaba el gen mecA. Las cepas de E. coli (n=16) fueron resistentes (100 %) a los antibióticos aminoglucósidos y el 35,7 % (6/16) de los aislamientos produjeron beta lactamasa de espectro extendido (BLEE). blaTEM y blaCTXM8/25 se detectaron en dos aislados, mientras que un aislado portaba blaCTXM–1 y blaTEM juntos mediante RCP. De los EVLC, dos fueron evaluados como positivos para rotavirus (5 %), seis para hepatitis A (14 %), y virus de la hepatitis E (14 %). Estos resultados indican la alta carga de microorganismos, presencia de ESBL E. coli y patógenos virales entéricos en REVS, por lo que es importante realizar prácticas de higiene de rutina. alper.baran@atauni.edu.tr

Today, there is a growing demand for fast, reliable and cost-effective systems for the detection, monitoring and diagnosis of food ingredients as well as contaminants in food. Quantitative/qualitative analysis of foods is carried out using traditional analytical methods such as chromatographic and spectroscopic techniques. Despite their sensitivity and accuracy, these methods are challenging due to the multi-stage and complex sample preparation procedures, requiring specialized personnel and expensive instrumentation for analysis. In addition, their labor-intensive and time-consuming nature eliminates the possibility of on-site and high-frequency monitoring of the analytes. A wide variety of nanotechnology-based new nanobiosensors are being developed in order to eliminate the difficulties posed by these techniques. In this context, in the present study, nanomaterials used in the development of nanobiosensors for use in foods, their working principles and their use in foods were examined.

The aim of this study was to investigate the effects of Cysteamine (Cys) and Fetal Calf Serum (FCS) in Synthetic Oviduct Fluid (SOF) and Charles and Rosenkrans (CR1aa) on the bovine in vitro embryo production and its ability of freeze. The oocytes were divided into two groups and allowed to mature in TCM-199, with and without cysteamine. They were divided into 4 subgroups according to whether they contain Cys and FCS in 2 different culture media (SOF and CR1aa). Accordingly, 8 groups were formed as SOF+FCS+Cys, SOF+Cys, SOF+FCS, S Dulbeco's OF, CR1aa+FCS+Cys, CR1aa+Cys, CR1aa+FCS and CR1aa. Embryos were cultured for 7-9 days and were frozen using vitrification method. Development of embryos was observed during the first 24 hr post-thaw period. The highest rate of compact morula was 20% in SOF+FCS+Cys and 19.4% in CR1aa+FCS+Cys. The rate of blastocyst in SOF+FCS and CR1aa+FCS were found 17.9% and 15.4% respectively and the difference between groups was statistically significant (P

The aim of this study was to investigate the effects of cysteamine (Cys) and fetal calf serum (FCS) in synthetic oviduct fluid (SOF) and charles and rosenkrans (CR1aa) on the bovine in vitro embryo production and its ability of freeze. The oocytes were divided into two groups and allowed to mature in TCM-199, with and without cysteamine. They were divided into 4 subgroups according to whether they contain Cys and FCS in 2 different culture media (SOF and CR1aa). Accordingly, 8 groups were formed as SOF+FCS+Cys, SOF+Cys, SOF+FCS, SOF, CR1aa+FCS+Cys, CR1aa+Cys, CR1aa+FCS and CR1aa. Embryos were cultured for 7- 9 days and were frozen using vitrification method. Development of embryos was observed during the first 24 hr post-thaw period. The highest rate of compact morula was 20% in SOF+FCS+Cys and 19.4% in CR1aa+FCS+Cys. The rate of blastocyst in SOF+FCS and CR1aa+FCS were found 17.9% and 15.4% respectively and the difference between groups was statistically significant (P, Özet: Bu çalışmanın amacı, sisteamin (Cys) ve fetal buzağı serumu (FCS)’nun sentetik oviduct sıvısı (SOF) ve charles ve rosenkrans (CR1aa) medyumlarında in vitro sığır embriyo üretimi ve donma kabiliyeti üzerindeki etkilerini araştırmaktır. Toplanan oositler iki gruba ayrıldı ve sisteaminli ve sisteaminsiz TCM-199 medyumunda maturasyonuna izin verildi. 2 farklı medyumda (SOF ve CR1aa) kültüre edilmek üzere Cys ve FCS içerip içermediklerine göre 4 alt gruba ayrıldı. Buna göre 8 alt grup; SOF+FCS+Cys, SOF+Cys, SOF+FCS, SOF, CR1aa+FCS+Cys, CR1aa+Cys, CR1aa+FCS ve CR1aa olarak oluşturuldu. Embriyolar 7-9 gün boyunca kültüre edildi ve vitrifikasyon yöntemi kullanılarak donduruldu. Çözdürme sonrası ilk 24 saat boyunca embriyonik gelişim gözlendi. Kompakt morula oranı en yüksek SOF+FCS+Cys'de %20 ve CR1aa+FCS+Cys'de %19,4 olarak bulundu. SOF+FCS ve CR1aa+FCS'deki blastosist oranı sırasıyla %17,9 ve %15,4 olarak saptandı ve gruplar arasındaki fark istatistiksel olarak anlamlıydı (P

sandal, asiye izem/0000-0002-4952-7861; BARAN, ALPER/0000-0001-7053-3337 WOS:000537457100009 The aim of this study was to investigate the effects of two modified semen diluents on the spermatological parameters of Saanen goat sperm stored at 4 degrees C. Ejaculates were obtained from five Saanen bucks by means of an electro-ejaculator and divided into five aliquots. Then, aliquots of ejaculates were used to create five experimental groups as follows: Group 1 (control), group 2A containing seminal plasma (SP) and bovine serum albumin (BSA; 10 mg/mL(-1)), group 2B containing BSA without SP, group 3A containing egg yolk (EY; 17.00%) and SP and finally group 3B containing EY without SP. All aliquots of semen were extended with Tris-based extender. Spermatological parameters of experimental groups were observed at 0, 6, 12 and 24 h periods during storage at 4 degrees C. Motility of semen in groups 2A and 2B was found to be best values compared to other groups. However, the motility of group 3A at 24 h was 0.00%. In conclusion, it was concluded that the addition of 10 mg/mL(-1) of BSA to Tris-based extender could be useful in the storage of Saanen goat semen regardless of SP at 4 degrees C.

Colistin is one of the most effective antibiotics against multidrug resistant Gram-negative bacteria. However, the recent emergence of plasmid-borne mobilized colistin resistance (mcr) genes is considered a serious antimicrobial resistance challenge worldwide. In this study, we report detection of anmcr-1carryingEscherichia coliisolate (named ATAVETmcr-1 Turkey) from retail raw chicken meat in Turkey. Of the 11 (from 500 total tested) phenotypically colistin-resistant isolates, 1 was shown to carry themcr-1gene by PCR. Whole-genome sequencing indicated thatmcr-1was located on a similar to 13 kb-long contig that was almost identical to the corresponding part in pZJ1635, an IncI2 plasmid encodingmcr-1in the same genetic context in anotherE. colistrain. In addition, ATAVETmcr-1 Turkey harboredbla(CTX-M-8),qnrB19,mdf(A),tet(A),sul2,aph(3 '')-Ib,aph(6)-Id, andfloRresistance genes. Phylogenetic analysis based on whole genome and multilocus sequence typing indicated that ATAVETmcr-1 Turkey was more closely related tomcr-1carryingE. coliisolates from food and human clinical samples previously reported from different parts of the world than to those from Turkey. These findings further emphasize the worldwide emergence and spread ofmcrmeditated colistin resistance in bacteria with zoonotic potential within animals and the food chain.