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Numerous projects have recently set out to test Connected, Cooperative, and Automated Mobility (CCAM) technologies and services, ranging from large European Field Operational Tests (FOTs) to small-scale pilots. The FESTA methodology for FOTs was developed in 2008 to support the evaluation of advanced driver-assistance systems. It has since been updated many times, and successfully used in European and national projects. The paper describes how the methodology was extended in order to be useful for CCAM projects. The FESTA handbook was updated with more recommendations addressing automation. A micro-version of FESTA was developed for small-scale pilots. A gap analysis was performed to identify new elements for CCAM evaluation. New approaches for impact assessment were developed. Recommendations for gathering lessons learned and for sharing data, knowledge and experience have been included in FESTA. A new EU project, FAME, will take the next step in evaluating CCAM, developing a Common Evaluation Methodology.

This document presents Micro-FESTA, a condensed methodology to support small pilot projects of Connected, Cooperative, and Automated Mobility (CCAM).Micro-FESTA is based on the extensive FESTA Handbook for performing Field Operational Tests (FOTs). The small pilot projects that Micro-FESTA targets may not have the scope or resources to make full use of the FESTA approaches. FESTA discusses large-scale testing campaigns that address a number of research questions in order to scientifically assess the broad societal benefits of a tested system. FOTs aim to be naturalistic tests, where the users get to try out the systems in their daily life over a period of months.This scope of testing is not necessarily the target in pilot projects. Tests could be bound to small operational areas due to infrastructure and similar requirements, or expensive equipment can only be used for a short period at once. However, small pilot projects can offer a significant contribution to gathering knowledge on the effects of road automation.The principles on which FESTA methodology is built as well as its practical recommendations can support various types of user and vehicle related tests, and is also of value for small projects. FESTA offers a framework with definitions, categories and worked-out examples. It provides helpful checklists for all phases of a field trial project and discusses best practices from past projects. FESTA has been successfully used already in pilot projects of varying sizes, providing both a scientific structure and efficient methods to run the tests.This document gives an overview of the main steps in the FESTA methodology and comments their role in small-scale testing. This document can also be used as a first introduction to the full FESTA methodology and available materials.

System dynamics offers a rigorous approach to modelling the sometimes-surprising dynamics endogenous in complex systems and is ideal for gaining insight into potential impacts of automation in transport. Researchers from Europe and the U.S. are developing a consensus model, starting from an impact assessment framework presented at TRA 2018 and published shortly thereafter. This paper reports on a 2019 group model building workshop, which collated the intelligence of a diverse international group of modelling, transport and liveability/equity experts, focusing on socioeconomic impacts of highly automated vehicles, from household and public authority standpoints. Subsequent work developed a general framework from which detailed system dynamics models can be created for specific research questions. The ultimate goal is to develop a quantitative tool that can help planners and policy-makers understand how highly automated vehicles may fit within the transport system, and to begin to explore consequences of potential actions under various scenarios.

Road vehicles are becoming increasingly automated and connected due to rapid technological progress and digitalization trends. Vehicle connectivity might improve automated driving (AD) in various ways. While the benefits of convergence of sensor-based technologies and connected-vehicle communications are relatively well analyzed from technological, economical, and legal perspective in recent works, assessing user acceptance remains a challengeable task as many of the benefits of this convergence are not directly observable by the users. This study provides early insights on expectations, requirements and concerns of potential users of AD progressed by Internet of Things solutions based on an online survey conducted in eight European countries. It is a part of the European project AUTOPILOT where different use cases of AD progressed by Internet of Things (IoT) are developed and tested. This contribution summarizes the main results from the survey and discusses their implication for the development of the technology considering the user perspective.

This deliverable presents the methodologies for the evaluation of the piloted use cases; for technical evaluation and the assessments of user acceptance, quality of life and the business impact.The FESTA methodology is applied and enhanced for evaluating the added value of the Internet-of-Things (IoT) to improve Cooperative and Automated Driving (AD). The main research question to be evaluated is defined as “What is the added value of IoT for AD?” This central question is refined for all four evaluation perspectives in more detailed research questions, hypotheses and key performance indicators, measurements and log data from the pilots, and in evaluation methods. The methodologies provide the starting point for implementation and execution int he evaluation tasks in the next preparation and piloting phases.The evaluation methodologies are tailored for the scale and scope of the pilot sites and implementations of the use cases. The common research focus in the evaluation methodologies on the concepts and criteria that are most common among pilot sites and use cases maximises the synergy and coherence between the evaluation tasks. Potential improvements of IoT to accelerate, enhance or enable automated driving functions and services will be evaluated and assessed collaboratively from all four perspectives. The methodologies will be extended for additional use case or pilot site specific evaluation criteria during the coming phases.This deliverable provides guidelines, requests and requirements for pilot test scenarios and data provisioning that will be needed as input for evaluation. This is input for the specification and data management of the pilots.

Automated driving in all its different forms is now underway and large European projects have been launched to investigate the effects in real life. Field Operational Tests are typically used to gather evidence to assess the impacts. The FESTA methodology was developed to design and conduct FOTs and analyse the outcomes. Currently the methodology is being updated to address the challenges of the upcoming pilots on road automation. The ultimate goal of performing automated driving studies is to gain insight into the impacts automation will have on transport and on society in general. In this paper we will explain how the series of FOT-Net (2008-2016) and the CARTRE (2016-2018) coordination and support actions address the development of a common methodology. Questions around the formulation of research questions, data analysis, user acceptance and impact assessment are addressed. One of the most important ways forward is the sharing of data, knowledge and experiences. Only by combining the knowledge sources will we be able to get a clearer picture of what the future impacts of road automation will be. FOT-Net has developed a data sharing framework and recommendations from this framework will be described.

Access to online resources is becoming more important for engagement with society. However, older people with limited experience of digital interfaces can have significant difficulties with access. Touchscreen devices have shown potential to offer advantages to the older and novice user. Usability becomes increasingly important with age related changes in sensory perception, cognition and motor skills. This pilot study has investigated problems caused by lack of prior experience of digital interaction in novice older users. This paper reports their behaviour and errors using a tablet touchscreen device through attempting several tasks. Task analysis and actual user task sequences have been used to highlight the difficulties and errors made by the participants.

This paper describes a part of the process of generating a touchscreen interaction design prototype for older novice users of digital technology, for subsequent evaluation with representative users. The rationale for attempting to develop such an interface is discussed, and the major decisions taken to reach the prototype are highlighted. Unexpected issues of application of guidelines and research results to a specific interface design are discussed. The steps the ergonomists took to generate new design ideas brought to light the problems the designers face in their work routine. The paper highlights these issues as well as suggests a topic to be explored in future research to facilitate the design of more inclusive interfaces.

Delivrable D3.1; In Deliverable 3.1 of Workpackage 3, we discuss the methodology developed and applied in the European ITERATEproject (IT for Error Remediation And Trapping Emergencies). This methodology has as its objective to design experiments that will provide data to seed the ITERATE model. In the ITERATE project a high-level theoretical model of vehicle operator behaviour has been developed in Workpackage 1, specifying the factors that play a role in the influence of innovative support systems on vehicle operation in potentially dangerous situations. Themodel isapplicable for different surface transport modes: road vehicles, rail transport and ships. Themodel will be calibrated by experiments investigating how the different factors interact. One hundred and sixty car drivers and 160 train drivers in five countries will drive with a static driving simulator, and 64 drivers (both train and car) with full motion simulators. Finally an executable simulation model will be constructed with the aim to predict the effects of support systems on operator behaviour and risk.

Delivrable D2.1

Delivrable D2.2; This Deliverable provides an outline of the process involved in task 2.2 of the ITERATE project forselecting an appropriate set of hypotheses to be tested inWorkpackages 3 (Experimental design andscenario specification), and 4 (Experimental studies).During a workshop with all partners involved in the project, hypotheses were formulated for thethree main system functionalities outlined in D2.1: those that support speed management (SpeedManagement), systems that support system object detection and avoidance (Collision Avoidance)and those that monitor operator state (Operator State). In formulating these hypotheses, partnerswere encouraged to consider systematically the effect of operator state and different operatorgroups on interaction with these three systems. To allow succinct formulation of hypotheses, fouroperator based parameters which are thought to affect operator behaviour with the system, wereidentified: sensation-seeking, hazard perception, fatigue and (high and low) task demand. Informulating hypotheses, partnerswere encouraged to consider the whole process linking a cause toan effect, with a clear mechanism that would link the two.

Although the use of products and services using digital technologies are wide-spread, there are large groups of people who appear excluded from their use. Not everyone has access to a computer, shops online, uses a mobile phone, a digital camera or a navigation system, just to mention a few examples. The reasons for non-use are manifold. They may be economic - the products/services are too expensive, too utilitarian, or the product is not useful for a particular individual. Products may also be too difficult to use, to understand or too difficult to handle. For example people may not use internet services because they cannot afford them, they do not need to buy anything that is exclusive to this channel, they have never had training in computer use or the websites are too user-unfriendly.