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In this paper, the analytical solutions of the complex coupled Higgs field equation, which explains a system of conserved scalar nucleons that interact with neutral scalar mesons in particle physics, are extracted. The enhanced modified extended tanh expansion method (eMETEM) is successfully employed to solve the considered equation. Besides, the effect of problem parameters on a real scalar meson field and a complex scalar nucleon field is investigated, plotted and interpreted. Some effective results are obtained in the examination and are presented for the first time in this study. The obtained results can be applied to a wide range of nonlinear equations including ocean and shallow-water waves. 3D, 2D and contour graphical representations of the attained solutions are given using appropriate parameters. The method is efficient for gathering analytical solutions for various kinds of phenomena modeling by classical, fractional, or stochastic partial differential equations. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Color changes in wheat and cooking water, which affect the quality of bulgur and wastewater, are important. Understanding the impacts of cooking water acidity, hardness, and iron content is significant for producing bright‐yellow colored bulgur and determining the possible negative effects of cooking water on the environment. Thereby, the gelatinization degree and color (L*, a*, b*, and yellowness index) of wheat cooked with waters at different pH (3, 5, 7, 9, and 11), hardness (soft, hard, and very hard), and iron content (0, 1, and 2 mg/L) were determined every 10 min of cooking. pH, Brix, conductivity, hardness, turbidity, and color of cooking waters were also determined and kinetically modeled. After cooking, it was revealed that cooking with water at pH 3 favored the color of cooked wheat, whereas pH 11 caused darkening. Nevertheless, as the wastewater pH of cooking waters with pH 3 and 11 may be harmful to the environment, it is recommended to use water in the range of pH 5–9 for bulgur production. Cooking with very hard water is also not recommended as it causes some adverse effects such as diminishing the gelatinization rate in wheat, increasing the cooking time, and negatively affecting the color. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

BACKGROUND: Bulgur, a whole wheat product, has attracted attention in the world in recent years because of its wide usage possibility in different meals. The basic ingredients in bulgur production are wheat and water. The influence of water composition on bulgur quality has not been investigated. Iron in water can cause discolouration in foods by oxidizing and reacting with phenolic compounds and also by hardening the structure of the foods. Therefore, in the present study, the effects of the iron content of water on the quality of bulgur were examined. RESULTS: The effect of the amount of iron in water on bulgur quality was carried out and examined using water containing iron at three different levels (0, 1 and 2 ppm). Using water containing 2 ppm iron in bulgur production caused a decrease in the L* value and an increase in the YI (i.e. yellowness index), thus negatively affecting the colour of the bulgur. In bulgur prepared with water containing 2 ppm iron, the antioxidant activity was also dramatically reduced. CONCLUSION: The iron content in the water used in bulgur production did not have a negative effect on bulgur quality up to 2 ppm. The protein, ash, phenolic and mineral amounts and textural characteristics of bulgur were not affected by the concentration of iron in the water. As a result, high iron concentration in cooking water negatively affects bulgur's colour and antioxidant activity. Therefore, it is recommended to use iron‐free water in bulgur production. © 2024 The Authors. Journal of The Science of Food and Agriculture published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd on behalf of Society of Chemical Industry. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This research paper explores the potential of passive heating and cooling strategies in buildings utilizing geothermal resources. The focus is on renewable energy solutions, including geothermal energy, solar systems, and Earth-to-air heat exchangers, with the aim of reducing energy consumption for cooling and heating loads. The investigation primarily centers on the performance and optimization of the Trombe wall system, a well-known passive solar system. Numerical studies are conducted to analyze the thermal and fluid-dynamical behavior of the Trombe wall system. The findings provide valuable insights into its operational characteristics and efficiency, aiding in the refinement of design approaches and optimization of system performance. The analysis of temperature distributions within the building and underlying soil reveals the stability of soil temperatures throughout the day, indicating its potential as a reliable heat sink and source for heating and cooling. The dynamic variations in room temperatures, influenced by solar flux fluctuations, convection processes, and the functioning of the air-toearth heat exchanger, highlight the importance of effective system design and control for achieving optimal thermal performance. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study investigates heat transfer phenomena in a building envelope in Bechar, Southwest Algeria, under arid climatic conditions. The meteorological station Energarid provides precise recordings of solar radiation and outdoor temperature. A calibrated model is used to analyze diurnal temperature variations. Wall temperatures exposed to solar radiation are estimated using recorded data. The heating power requirements of the building envelope are determined through a thermal balance approach based on the regulatory technical document from the National Center for Building Studies and Integrated Research. Simulation results demonstrate favorable conditions for achieving thermal comfort, with elevated air temperatures and velocities at the outlet. Incorporating solar energy considerations into architectural design, such as double facades, south-facing orientations, and glazed surfaces, is crucial. These findings highlight significant energysaving potential, particularly in the Bechar region. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This research paper presents a highly significant study on a new type of static mixer, using advanced numerical simulations to assess its mixing efficiency. The mixer's unique T-shaped design with a spherical mixing chamber and side entrances deviates from traditional designs, resulting in smooth fluid-flow and reduced risk of blockages. The mixer employs hydrodynamic pumps to create a vortex, enhancing mixing. Numerical simulations reveal detailed insights into flow behavior and mixing performance, demonstrating an impressive 94% mixing efficiency within a 2 cm diameter sphere. The innovative design and technique offer practical solutions to industrial mixing problems, benefiting the chemical, pharmaceutical, and related industries. The high mixing efficiency leads to cost savings and improved product quality, while achieving the highest mixing index at Re = 650 sets a new milestone in static mixing. These findings contribute to applied mechanics and optimize industrial mixing processes. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this paper, some analytical solutions for a model of dual-core optical fibers governed by a system of coupled non-linear Schrödinger equations (NLSEs) and the effect of the coefficient of the group velocity dispersion term on the considered model are investigated. The group velocity dispersion (GVD) has a important role in the optical wave propagation. The enhanced modified extended tanh expansion method (eMETEM) is successfully implemented to the governing model. The NLSE system is turned into a nonlinear ordinary differential equation (NLODE) via appropriate wave transformations. Supposing that the NLODE has solutions in the form suggested by the method and utilizing the enhanced solutions of the Riccati equation, we gain a nonlinear system of algebraic equations. The solutions of the governing model are obtained after solving the system of algebraic equations. 2D, 3D and contour illustrative figures for the physical interpretation of the attained solutions are presented. Besides, the result of the investigation, which is related to the effect of the coefficient of the group velocity dispersion term, is presented by supporting the various graphical scheme. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this study, it was aimed to optimize the extraction of phenolic compounds from the madimak (Polygonum cognatum Meissn.), which is used in traditional folk medicine as well as nutrition. For this purpose, the effects of methanol/water mixture concentration (0-100%), extraction time (5-120 min.) and temperature (30-70 °C) on total phenolic compounds (TPC), total flavonoid compounds (TFC) and free radical scavenging activity (DPPH) of phenolic extracts obtained from P. cognatum were determined. Optimum conditions for TPC, TFC and DPPH values were determined using the "desirability" function approach, using the Box-Behnken design in the Design Expert Program. In the study carried out to obtain phenolic compound extraction from P. cognatum, methanol concentration (40.15%), extraction time (5.00 min.) and extraction temperature (70.00 °C) were determined as optimum conditions. TPC, TFC and DPPH values of phenolic extracts obtained under optimum conditions were determined as 45.40 mg GAE/g dry sample, 30.36 mg QE/g dry sample, 53.40 mg TE/g dry sample, respectively. As a result of the obtained results, P. cognatum is a rich source in terms of phenolic compounds and antioxidant activity. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this paper, we have investigated the perturbed Chen–Lee–Liu equation which describes the pulse propagation in the optical fibers, under the impact of the inter-modal dispersion, self-steepening and nonlinear dispersion terms. By using the enhanced modified extended tanh expansion method, bright, singular, periodic singular and periodic bright solitons have been obtained and the effects of the coefficients of the inter-modal dispersion, self-steepening and nonlinear dispersion terms on the soliton's dynamics have been examined in each case. In this respect, the review in the article has not been studied and reported before. The computations throughout this paper have been fulfilled by Maple and also the graphical simulations are demonstrated via Matlab. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this paper, we have successfully extracted many analytic solutions for the (1+2)-dimensional Chiral non-linear Schrödinger equation (NLSE) by the enhanced modified extended tanh expansion method (eMETEM). The considered method is a recently enhanced version of the classical modified extended tanh expansion method. So, we have successfully extracted the abundant solutions of the (1+2)-dimensional Chiral NLSE. Using a computer algebra system program, we have verified that all derived solutions satisfy the Chiral NLSE. The plots of some solutions are demonstrated to explain the dynamics of the solutions. It is expected that the results of the paper might be helpful for future works in traveling wave theory. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this study, it was aimed to extract, purify oleuropein from leaves of different olive varieties and determine antioxidant and antimicrobial activity. For this purpose, olive leaf crude extract (CE), partially purified oleuropein, and purified oleuropein were obtained from leaves of Domat, Edremit, and Trilye varieties. Oleuropein amount of olive leaf products ranged between 215.26 and 958.22 mg/g. Total phenolic content in terms of gallic acid and oleuropein ranged between 102.36 and 325.02 mg gallic acid equivalent (GAE)/g and 308.06 and 915.33 mg oleuropein equivalent (OE)/g, respectively. Antioxidant activities of olive leaf products ranged between 104.83 and 456.50 mg TE/g (ABTS) and 109.27 and 456.93 mg TE/g (DPPH), respectively. MIC values ranged between 50 and 0.781 mg/ml for tested microorganism cultures. Among the microorganisms, Staphylococcus aureus is the most sensitive to oleuropein extracts, while Escherichia coli O1577:H7 is the most resistant. In conclusion, CEs and oleuropein purified from these CEs have potential to extend shelf life of food products due to their determined antioxidant and antimicrobial activities. Novelty impact statement: This study focused on the extraction and purification of oleuropein compound from leaves of different olive varieties due to limited studies on purification of oleuropein in literature. A simple, cheap, and fast method was devoloped, and high purity oleuropein was obtained by applying purification processes. Also, it was determined that CEs obtained from different olive cultivar leaves and oleuropein purified from these extracts have potential to improve functional properties and extend the shelf life of food products due to their antioxidant and antimicrobial activity. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Purpose: The purpose of the article is to conduct a mathematical and theoretical analysis of soliton solutions for a specific nonlinear evolution equation known as the (2 + 1)-dimensional Zoomeron equation. Solitons are solitary wave solutions that maintain their shape and propagate without changing form in certain nonlinear wave equations. The Zoomeron equation appears to be a special model in this context and is associated with other types of solitons, such as Boomeron and Trappon solitons. In this work, the authors employ two mathematical methods, the modified F-expansion approach with the Riccati equation and the modified generalized Kudryashov's methods, to derive various types of soliton solutions. These solutions include kink solitons, dark solitons, bright solitons, singular solitons, periodic singular solitons and rational solitons. The authors also present these solutions in different dimensions, including two-dimensional, three-dimensional and contour graphics, which can help visualize and understand the behavior of these solitons in the context of the Zoomeron equation. The primary goal of this article is to contribute to the understanding of soliton solutions in the context of the (2 + 1)-dimensional Zoomeron equation, and it serves as a mathematical and theoretical exploration of the properties and characteristics of these solitons in this specific nonlinear wave equation. Design/methodology/approach: The article's methodology involves applying specialized mathematical techniques to analyze and derive soliton solutions for the (2 + 1)-dimensional Zoomeron equation and then presenting these solutions graphically. The overall goal is to contribute to the understanding of soliton behavior in this specific nonlinear equation and potentially uncover new insights or applications of these soliton solutions. Findings: As for the findings of the article, they can be summarized as follows: The article provides a systematic exploration of the (2 + 1)-dimensional Zoomeron equation and its soliton solutions, which include different types of solitons. The key findings of the article are likely to include the derivation of exact mathematical expressions that describe these solitons and the successful visualization of these solutions. These findings contribute to a better understanding of solitons in this specific nonlinear wave equation, potentially shedding light on their behavior and applications within the context of the Zoomeron equation. Originality/value: The originality of this article is rooted in its exploration of soliton solutions within the (2 + 1)-dimensional Zoomeron equation, its application of specialized mathematical methods and its successful presentation of various soliton types through graphical representations. This research adds to the understanding of solitons in this specific nonlinear equation and potentially offers new insights and applications in this field. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The Biswas–Mollivic equation is a special type of nonlinear Schrödinger equation, which explains the spatio-temporal behaviour of excitable media. In this paper, we investigate the optical soliton solutions of the Biswas–Mollivic equation with cubic–quintic–septic–nonic nonlinearities using the generalized Riccati equation mapping method. This method is efficient and provides new perspectives. It also provides novel insights into the dynamics of excitable media. Our findings add to a better understanding of the complex spatio-temporal patterns that develop in excitable media and have potential applications in the design of new technologies for controlling and manipulating pattern formation. To depict optical soliton solutions graphically, we use the MATLAB software. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The hardness of water is important for food quality where it is used as a direct ingredient in production, thus it is a very critical parameter for the texture and colour of bulgur as it is used in the cooking operation. In line with this fact, the effects of water with 3 different hardness (soft, hard and very hard) on the proximate composition, functional properties, mineral composition, colour, texture, thermal, structural and sensory characteristics in wheat, cooked wheat and after drying, debranning and milling stages of wheat (fine bulgur) were investigated. Production of bulgur with very hard water contributes to the retention of minerals in the structure of wheat and therefore the bulgur produced. Water hardness negatively affected the antioxidant activity of wheat samples after cooking and the drying, debranning and milling stages. Colour and sensory analysis proved that cooking with very hard water has a reducing influence on the yellowness of bulgur which causes a production defect. Based on the obtained results, it is recommended to use soft water in bulgur production as cooking with very hard water influences the functional and sensory properties of the product adversely. [Display omitted] • Water hardness has no apparent effect on the texture characteristics of bulgur. • Cooking with very hard water caused a decrement in the yellowness of bulgur. • Debranning reduced phenolic content regardless of the cooking water (CW) hardness. • Hard and very hard CW had no effect on protein content but reduced starch content. • Very hard cooking water is beneficial for the retention of minerals in bulgur. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this study, we consider a class of nonlinear fractional difference equations following form where t ∈ Nt0+1−α and Δα denotes the Riemann-Liouville fractional difference operator of order α. Using the generalized Riccati function, we obtain some oscillation criteria. Finally, we give some illustrative examples. MSC 2010: Primary 26A33; Secondary 34A08, 39A21, 39A10 [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Non-surgical cosmetic methods have increased dramatically in recent years. Although there are no definitive statistical studies in our country, filling practices are known to tend to increase in parallel with studies according to market data. Therefore, product varieties are increasing day by day. In addition to the good results, the increase in the number of practitioners also brings the increase in complications. İn this article, respectively, we discuss lip filler, marionette region fill, jaw fill, jawline mandibula fill and the last section of the neck region fill applications to minimize the risk of various methods and complications. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Facial aging is a complex process that takes place in three dimensions. Over time, significant changes occur in the skin and subcutaneous tissues. As a result of these changes, the face oval is disrupted. The interest in non-surgical methods is increasing with each passing year in the elimination of the signs of aging. As a result, the number of procedures is gradually increasing. One of the important points to be considered in filler applications is to take holistic approach instead of focusing on a single area. Because the changes occurring in each anatomical area of the face also leads to direct or indirect changes in other anatomical areas. Ideal injection techniques have been described for each region. These techniques have been developed considering anatomy, tissue plan intended to insert the filler, injection device (needle, cannula), density of filler material and its behavior in the tissue. As practitioners' experience in this field increases, different application techniques continue to be defined. The aim of this article is to describe filling application techniques in the upper and middle face regions considering the anatomical features of the regions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

"The pandemic is a portal." In the words of the novelist scholar Arundhati Roy, the COVID-19 pandemic is not merely an epic calamity. It has opened up a new space, a portal, to rethink everything, for example, in how we live, work, produce scientific knowledge, provide health care, and relate to others, be they humans or nonhuman animals in planetary ecosystems. Meanwhile, as the intensity of the pandemic escalates, digital health tools such as the Internet of Things (IoT), biosensors, and artificial intelligence (AI) are being deployed to address the twin goals of social distancing and health care in a "no touch" emergency state. Permanent integration of digital technologies into every aspect of post-pandemic civic life—health care, disease tracking, education, work, and beyond—is considered by governments and technology actors around the world. Although digital transformation of health care and industry are in the works, we ought to ensure that digital transformation does not degenerate into "digitalism," which we define here as an unchecked and misguided belief on extreme digital connectivity without considering the attendant adverse repercussions on science, human rights, and everyday practices of democracy. Indeed, the current shrinking of the critically informed public policy space amid a devastating pandemic raises principled questions on the broader and long-term impacts that digital technologies will have on democratic governance of planetary health and society. To this end, a wide range of uncertainties—technical, biological, temporal, spatial, and political—is on the COVID-19 pandemic horizon. This calls for astute and anticipatory innovation policies to steer the health sciences and services toward democratic ends. In this article, we describe new and critically informed approaches to democratize COVID-19 digital health innovation policy, especially when the facts are uncertain, the stakes are high, and decisions are urgent, as they often are in the course of a pandemic. In addition, we introduce a potential remedy to democratize pandemic innovation policy, the concept of "epistemic competence," so as to check the frames and framings of the pandemic innovation policy juggernaut and the attendant power asymmetries. We suggest that if epistemic competence, and attention to not only scientific knowledge but also its framing are broadly appreciated, they can help reduce the disparity between the enormous technical progress and investments made in digital health versus our currently inadequate understanding of the societal dimensions of emerging technologies such as AI, IoT, and extreme digital connectivity on the planet. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study purposes to extract some fractional analytical solutions of the Peyrard-Bishop-Deoxyribo-Nucleic-Acid (β -PBDNA) dynamic model with the beta-derivative by the unified Riccati equation expansion method (UREEM). Furthermore, we examine the role of various parameters of the fractional model on the soliton dynamic. The research focuses on computational biophysics and materials science, examining the impact of various parameters on the fractional model. This paper contributes to understanding soliton solutions and the β -PBDNA dynamic model, demonstrating the applicability of the UREEM method to various fractional models. Some soliton solutions of the model are successfully generated by applying the UREEM. Implementing the UREEM, we take a fractional wave transformation to convert the model into a nonlinear ordinary differential equation. So, a linear equation system is generated. After the system is solved, the soliton solutions are gained for the appropriate solution sets. Finally, 3D, 2D and contour graphs of diverse solutions are depicted at suitable values of parameters. In addition, this paper presents 3D, 2D and contour graphs of various solutions with suitable parameter values. The results are beneficial for interpreting the model in future work and confirm that UREEM is effectively applicable to diverse fractional models, coupled with a comprehensive graphical analysis of how different parameters influence these solutions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The mathematical efficiency of fractional-order differential equations in modeling real systems has been established. The first-order and second-order time derivatives are substituted in integer-order problems by a fractional derivative of order 0 < ω ≤ 1 , resulting in time-fractional heat and wave problems with variable coefficients. In this research, we analyze fractional-order wave and heat problems with variable coefficients within the framework of a Caputo derivative (CD) using the Elzaki residual power series method (ERPSM), which is a coupling of the residual power series method (RPSM) and the Elzaki transform (E-T). It relies on a novel form of fractional power series (FPS), which provides a convergent series as a solution. The accuracy and convergence rates have been proven by the relative, absolute, and recurrence error analyses, demonstrating the validity of the recommended approach. By employing the simple limit principle at zero, the ERPSM excels at calculating the coefficients of terms in a FPS, but other well-known approaches such as Adomian decomposition, variational iteration, and homotopy perturbation need integration, while the RPSM needs the derivative, both of which are challenging in fractional contexts. ERPSM is also more effective than various series solution methods due to the avoidance of Adomian's and He's polynomials to solve nonlinear problems. The results obtained using the ERPSM show excellent agreement with the natural transform decomposition method and homotopy analysis transform method, demonstrating that the ERPSM is an effective approach for obtaining the approximate and closed-form solutions of fractional models. We established that our approach for fractional models is accurate and straightforward and researcher can use this approach to solve various problems. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this study, a numerical discrete derivative technique for solutions of Kuramoto- Sivashinksy equation is considered. According to the procedure, differential quadrature algorithm is adapted in space by using Chebyshev polynomials and explicit scheme is constructed to discretize time derivative. Sample problems are presented to support the idea. Numerical solutions are compared with exact solutions and also previous works. It is observed that the numerical solutions are well matched with the exact or existing solutions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this article, studied the properties of the oscillation of fractional difference equations, and we obtain some results. The results we obtained are an expansion and further development of highly known results. Then we showed them with examples. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Omics technologies are key to research and innovation in human health, food and nutrition, drugs, agriculture, and ecology research. Yet, the actual scope of applications is much broader. One emerging possibility is planetary science driven in part by current debates on and possibilities for travel to Mars. In July 2018, radar evidence has suggested the presence of subglacial liquid water in a 20-km-wide zone, likely a saltwater lake, in the Planum Australe region in the south pole of Mars. If confirmed, this will be a promising place to search for microbial life on the red planet. Meanwhile, existential threats to life on earth such as climate change are bolstering the current interests by spacefaring nations for manned long-term space travel to other planets. A new global space industry is also on the rise; Mars-related technology innovation could potentially allow for rapid Earth-to-Earth transport as well, for example, in times of humanitarian and ecological crisis. Against this overarching context, we coin and define here the new concept of "Mars-omics": the systems level study of how travel to and being on Mars affect human health, and how human presence on Mars impacts the life forms that might already be there, through changes such as space agriculture and other planetary transformations in Mars. Additionally, Mars-omics calls for new ways of thinking about scientific uncertainty and technology futures in such highly novel contexts. For example, how shall we frame scientific uncertainty when extrapolation of scientific unknowns across the planets is vastly difficult, nonlinear, and complex? Is uncertainty an accident or integral part of emerging technologies? These questions are important for achieving new relevance for and future progress in omics system science applications in planetary science and space explorations. In summary, this article suggests that omics has relevance in contexts beyond those on planet Earth. Moreover, past omics applications such as precision medicine may need to be reconceptualized in future novel settings, such as long-term space travel. We conclude the article with the key tenets of next-generation futurists in a context of Mars-omics. Space (still) is the final frontier for humans, medicine, engineering, and omics. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this study, for the first time, a study on optical soliton solutions of the stochastic perturbed Schrödinger-Hirota equation which models the propagation of solitons through optical fibers having the Kerr law is carried out. For this purpose, the nonlinear partial differential equation of the examined model is first reduced to the nonlinear ordinary differential equation form using the complex wave transformation. Then, using the new Kudryashov and the Kudryashov methods, bright, dark and singular soliton solutions are derived as a basic step. The next part is devoted to the examination of the noise effect, and first of all, soliton solutions are obtained in the absence of noise strength. Afterwards, the same soliton solutions are obtained, taking into account the noise effect, and comparison and comments are made. In addition to the fact that the form of the examined equation has not been presented and studied before. Considering that, in today's world, taking into account the effect of noise is an inevitably important factor for engineering models to be designed correctly and to operate efficiently, it is obvious that the results obtained will contribute to the literature. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Pesticides are chemicals used to combat insects, rodents, fungi and weeds, which are agricultural pests. In this study, it was aimed to determine pesticide residues of the pickled vine leaves produced by industrial and traditional methods from Narince variety grown in Tokat. The amounts of pesticides in the pickled vine leaves were determined by the QuEChERS (quick, easy, cheap, effective, rugged and safe) method. As a result of pesticide analysis performed on pickled vine leaves, 13 different pesticide active ingredients were determined and 8 pesticides were found to be above the maximum residue limit (MRL) value. While, the highest substance amounts according to MRL values were cyhalothrin, pyraclostrobin, cypermethrin, boscalid, the most detected pesticide active ingredients were ethiofencarb, isocarbofos, cyhalothrin, respectively. As a consequence of the investigation, it was found that detected some pesticide residue amounts from pickled vine leaves were at a level that would pose a health risk. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper aims to reveal the effects of the fourth-order dispersion and parabolic law which comes from self-phase modulation on the soliton behavior of the cubic-quartic nonlinear Schrödinger equation (CQ-NLSE) by using the modified new Kudryashov method. First, applying the complex wave transformation, the nonlinear ordinary differential form (NODE) has been obtained. Then, the modified new Kudryashov method (mNKM) has been expressed and applied. In the next step, linear algebraic system has been gained and solved. Then analytical soliton solution of the CQ-NLSE has been derived and checked for accuracy so that it satisfies the main equation. For the obtained solution functions, bright and singular soliton solutions have been gained and their graphical presentations have been made. The effects of both the fourth-order dispersion parameter and the parabolic law nonlinearity on the soliton dynamics have been examined and the necessary comments have been made. To our best knowledge, no such study has been reported for the equation examined. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Food has been one of the most important sources for human life since the beginning of humankind. Food security, its storage in the best conditions and producing it adequately are the key factors for survival of humans. Even superior priority has been given to the supply of food and agricultural crops, some of recent human activities such as global warming, excessive population increasing, unplanned and rapid urbanization, destroyed agricultural and forest lands etc. are threatening food security, and if trends continue, this threat could be increased and be a serious problem for human survival on earth. In this study, increase in global population, future of water sources, global warming, informatics and future of kitchen, cultural changes, nanotechnology, modern biotechnologies, gene technologies and new food production techniques and their near future applications and foresights about them were reviewed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Rice vinegar produced by a traditional method and studied scientifically for the first time in Turkey, apple and wine vinegar samples obtained from a local supermarket and homemade wine vinegar were used in this study. Density, alcohol, dry matter content, total acidity, volatile acidity, pH, ash, color and total phenolic content analyses were performed in vinegar samples. Conformance of the vinegars to TS 1880 EN 13188 standard was also investigated. Results showed that only rice vinegar had a total acidity value higher than the lowest limit specified in the TS 1880 EN 13188 standard (40 g/L), being in good conformance with the standard among 9 vinegars. Total phenolic content of commercial and homemade vinegars were in the range of 0-692.93 mg gallic acid equivalent (GAE)/L. In addition, the total phenolic content of rice vinegar was 272.53 mg GAE/L. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this study, total phenolic content, total anthocyanin content and some individual phenolic and anthocyanin compounds were determined in Öküzgözü wines produced by the application of four kinds of maceration techniques (classical maceration, classical maceration with enzyme added, cold maceration, cold maceration with enzyme added) in the years of 2009 and 2010. According to results, in 2009 and 2010, the highest total phenolic contents were determined in "cold maceration with enyzme added"(1165.45 mg GAE/L) wines and "classic maceration with enzyme added" (2075.91 mg GAE/L) wines, respectively. The highest total anthocyanin contents in the wines of 2009 and 2010 were found in "cold maceration with enyzme added" (140.60 mg ME/L) and "cold maceration" (374.89 mg ME/L) wines respectively. Processes of "cold maceration" and "enzyme-applied cold maceration" generally resulted in high malvidin 3-glucoside levels in wines every two years. The phenolic compound with the highest content in must and wines was (+)-catechin, which is included in the flavanols group. In wines, the most abundant phenolic compounds after (+)-catechin were gallic acid and (-)-epicatechin respectively. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Food and engineering sciences have tended to neglect the importance of human nutrition sciences and clinical study of new molecules discovered by food engineering community, and vice versa. Yet, the value of systems thinking and use of omics technologies in food engineering are rapidly emerging. Foodomics is a new concept and practice to bring about ''precision nutrition'' and integrative bioengineering studies of food composition, quality, and safety, and applications to improve health of humans, animals, and other living organisms on the planet. Foodomics signals a three-way convergence among (1) food engineering; (2) omics systems science technologies such as proteomics, metabolomics, glycomics; and (3) medical/life sciences. This horizon scanning expert review aims to challenge the current practices in food sciences and bioengineering so as to adopt foodomics and systems thinking in foodstuff analysis, with a focus on possible applications of metabolomics. Among the omics biotechnologies, metabolomics is one of the prominent analytical platforms of interest to both food engineers and medical researchers engaged in nutritional sciences, precision medicine, and systems medicine diagnostics. Medical and omics system scientists, and bioengineering scholars can mutually learn from their respective professional expertise. Moving forward, establishment of ''Foodomics Think Tanks'' is one conceivable strategy to integrate medical and food sciences innovation at a systems scale. With its rich history in food sciences and tradition of interdisciplinary scholarship, the Silk Road countries offer notable potential for synthesis of diverse knowledge strands necessary to realize the prospects of foodomics from Asia and Middle East to Europe. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this paper we are concerned with numerical methods to solve stochastic differential equations (SDEs), namely the Euler-Maruyama (EM) and Milstein methods. These methods are based on the truncated Ito-Taylor expansion. In our study we deal with a nonlinear SDE. We approximate to numerical solution using Monte Carlo simulation for each method. Also exact solution is obtained from Ito's formula. To show the effectiveness of the numerical methods, approximation solutions are compared with exact solution for different sample paths. And finally the results of numerical experiments are supported with graphs and error tables. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this paper we discuss parameter estimation in black scholes model. A non-parametric estimation method and well known maximum likelihood estimator are considered. Our aim is to estimate the unknown parameters for stochastic differential equation with discrete time observation data. In simulation study we compare the non-parametric method with maximum likelihood method using stochastic numerical scheme named with Euler Maruyama. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The aim of this work is to determine an approximate solution of a fractional order Volterra-Fredholm integro-differential equation using by the Sinc-collocation method. Conformable derivative is considered for the fractional derivatives. Some numerical examples having exact solutions are approximately solved. The comparisons of the exact and the approximate solutions of the examples are presented both in tables and graphical forms. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Various methods were evaluated in the production of ‘Hicaz’ pomegranate wine by microvinification. The chemical, phenolic and antioxidant characteristics of the wines were assessed by measurement of water‐soluble dry matter, acidity, density, alcohol content, volatile acidity, total monomeric anthocyanins, polarized colour intensity and individual phenolic compounds. Three different methods – classical maceration (N), seed‐supplemented maceration (S) and seed + enzyme supplemented maceration (E) – were applied. Total phenolic compounds of pomegranate must and wines (after 18 months of storage) were 1897 mg/L (must), 1663 mg/L (N), 1339 mg/L (E) and 1414 mg/L (S). Phenolic compounds in pomegranate must and wines included gallic acid, vanillic acid, caffeic acid, ferulic acid, p‐coumaric acid, hydroxycinnamic acid, epicatechin and catechin. Total antioxidant capacities (Trolox equivalents) of pomegranate must and wines (N, E and S) were 9.9 m m/L (must), 9.8 m m/L (N), 9.7 m m/L (E) and 9.5 m m/L (S). Copyright © 2017 The Institute of Brewing & Distilling [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In the article, we are concerned with the oscillatory solutions of a class of fractional differential equations. By using generalized Riccati function and Hardy inequalities, we present some oscillation criterias. As a result we give some examples that validity of the established results. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Leaves are the vital components of grapevines. Leaves are removed with summer pruning to improve grape and wine quality. Leaves of some grape cultivars are harvested at different periods for stuffed grape leaves or brined vine leaves. Since the leaves of Narince grape cultivar supplies an income as much as the grapes, the cultivars are commonly exposed to excessive leaf harvests. The present study was conducted in 2014–2015 to investigate the effects of 4 different leaf harvest treatments (LHT) (control, 2, 4 and 6 harvests) on must and wine quality of Narince grape cultivar grown in Tokat province of Turkey. The grapes harvested at technological ripening level were processed into wine with microvinification method. The pH, total soluble solid contents (TSSC), titratable acidity, specific gravity, ethyl alcohol, volatile acid, reducing sugar, total sulphur dioxide, total phenolics, total flavonoids and some phenolic compounds of the must and wines were determined. LHTs increased TSSC and total phenolics of the must; pH, ethyl alcohol, total phenolics and total flavonoids of the wines increased in six LHT as compared to control treatment. While LHTs increased phenolic compounds of catechin, epicatechin and caffeic acid as compared to control treatment, coumaric acid was not observed in wines. Wine sensory scores were the highest in control treatment and the lowest in six leaf harvest treatments. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this research paper, we take into account the (2 + 1)-dimensional Kadomtsev–Petviashvili equation which is important in the soliton theory of nonlinear physics. To get the desired soliton solutions, the modified F-expansion method using the Riccati equation which has many solution functions, as well as the modified generalized Kudryashov's method, had been effectively implemented. One of the reasons for the preference of the methods is that the proposed methods have been widely used before and they have not been applied to this problem. First, the wave transform is applied to the considered nonlinear partial differential equation (NLPDE), the nonlinear ordinary differential equation (NODE) form and the balancing constant are determined. The next step is to use the auxiliary equation depending on the proposed method to find the solution of the NODE form and to obtain the linear algebraic equation system. The solution of this system gives different solution sets for unknown parameter values. Then, soliton solution functions are constructed by using the suitable solution sets. After testing and confirming that the obtained solution functions satisfy the main equation, the three- and two-dimensional illustrations are depicted. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this paper, we investigate existence, boundedness, asymptotic behavior and the oscillatory behavior of the positive solutions of the fuzzy difference equation z n + 1 = A + B z n - m 1 + C z n - m 2 , n ∈ N 0 , where (z n) is a sequence of positive fuzzy numbers, A, B, C and the initial values z - j , j = 0 , 1 , ... , s , are positive fuzzy numbers and m 1 , m 2 are nonnegative integers with s = max m 1 , m 2 . By studying this equation, we generalize and improve some results from the literature. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

EU Eco-label is a relatively new trend for the consumers. Even it has been available since 1978 awareness of it was increased recently. It is probably because increasing of some concerns also around the consumers such as global warming and some other environmental concerns. In this study it was aimed to contribute EU Eco-label and consumer behaviours. For this reason, ideas of Romanian consumers were analysed. According to result of this study most of Romanians are recently hear EU Eco-label from the media, mostly. Also, most of them are desired to pay more if products are labelled with EU Eco-label. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Bulgur is an increasingly popular foodstuff that has existed since antiquity, and one that displays high consumption worldwide. Polishing is a key operation to improve the yellow color of bulgur which, by extension, also improves the competitiveness in business and markets. In this study, the traditional electrical heater-aided mechanical polishing system (EHA-MP) was modified with preheating systems so as to decrease the energy consumption and to improve the bulgur color. Additionally, it was investigated that the effects of the tempering methods (spray and steam) before polishing, the preheating (microwave and infrared, at 40, 60 and 80 °C) by determining changes in the bulgur color (CIE L* , CIE b* , CIE a* , CIE YI ), total carotenoid content (TCC), chemical composition (moisture, ash and protein contents, %, d.b.) and the energy consumption of the process. Both tempering methods increased significantly (P ≤ 0.05) the CIE L* and CIE b* values of bulgur. The temperature of polishing increased the TCC of bulgur significantly (P ≤ 0.01). Infrared preheating was the most economical method according to energy consumption. Taken together, these new findings offer new insights and improvements in the bulgur production and its attendant business competitiveness and responds to demands by consumers. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Kombucha is a drink produced by fermentation of sweetened tea due to symbiotic relationship between yeast and acetic acid bacteria species. In this study; pH value, total acidity, alcohol, total phenolic compounds quantities, caffein and some individual compounds contents of kombucha drinks produced using white, black and green tea were determined. At the end of the fermantation, pH and total acidity (% acetic acid) values of kombuchas including white, black and green tea were found 3,11; 3.22; 3.16 and 8,9; 9,2; 9,0, respectively. Total phenolic compund content of kombuchas produced with white tea (736,1 mg GAE/L) was higher than others. The highest amount of compounds analyzed in the kombucha samples were identified as caffeine. Gallic acid (4,76±1,06 mg/L), caffeine (63,47±4,64 mg/L) and epicatechin (1,59±0,06 mg/L) quantities of kombuchas produced with using white tea were found higher than kombuchas produced with using black and green tea. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this study, we have applied a generalized successive numerical technique to solve the elasticity problem of based on the elastic ground with variable coefficient. In the first stage, we have calculated the generalized successive approximation of being given BVP and in the second stage we have transformed it into Padé series. At the end of study a test problem has been given to clarify the method. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The aim of this study was to promote mead (honey wine) production by testing the appropriateness of different honey varieties which were obtained from the flora of Turkey for the production of mead. Cotton-Mezda ( Gossypium spp.), pine ( Pinus spp.) and flower honeys were used in the fermentation studies. Pure culture Saccharomyces cerevisiae yeasts were used in the mead studies. While determining the phenolic contents of meads via HPLC method, five phenolic acids and two flavonoids were used as standards with known antioxidant properties. In addition, total antioxidant activity was analysed in meads using trolox equivalent antioxidant capacity (TEAC). Among the phenolic acids, the most abundant one was protocatechuic acid (75.12-179.03 μg/L) and among flavonoids it was catechin (10.38-125.55 μg/L). It was found out that total phenolic content ranged from 103.56 GAE to 167.89 GAE mg/L. Copyright © 2017 The Institute of Brewing & Distilling [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this paper, a new collocation method based on Euler polynomials is improved for the numerical solution of generalized pantograph equations. This method transforms the generalized pantograph equations into the matrix equation with the help of Euler polynomials and collocation points. This matrix equation corresponds to a system of linear algebraic equations with the unknown Euler coefficients. By solving this system, the unknown Euler coefficients of the solution are found. Some numerical examples are given and comparisons with other methods are made in order to demonstrate the applicability and validity of the proposed method. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The main motivation of the study is to present the (3+1) version of the Biswas–Milovic equation (BME) for the first time and to obtain effective bullet (soliton) solutions. In the literature, it is observed that this equation is generally solved in (1+1) form. The part of the (3+1) dimensional Biswas–Milovic equation containing Kerr law nonlinearity has been solved with new Kudryashov, and the part containing parabolic law nonlinearity solved with the classical Kudryashov method. In this study, we have presented two main models. The model involving Kerr law nonlinearity has been solved with new Kudryashov and one bright bullet obtained. The model containing parabolic law nonlinearity has been solved with classical Kudryashov and one kink bullet obtained. The originality of this study is that the both Kerr law and parabolic law forms of the (3+1) model has never been solved by the methods used in this article. In addition, as well as original bullet solutions, interesting bullet graphs have been obtained with appropriate parameter selections. Moreover the effects of the parameters have been analyzed in detail and explained clearly, with supportive 2d, 3d and contour graphic simulations. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper deals with the solutions, stability character, and asymptotic behavior of the difference equation [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this letter, numerical solutions of Cauchy problems are considered by multivariate Padé approximations (MPA). Multivariate Padé approximations (MPA) were applied to power series solutions of Cauchy problems that solved by using He’s variational iteration method (VIM). Then, numerical results obtained by using multivariate Padé approximations were compared with the exact solutions of Cauchy problems. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Purpose: This study includes the examination of the cases where the (1 + 1) -dimensional chiral nonlinear Schrödinger equation also has Bohm potential. This review is not to obtain different soliton solutions for both cases but to obtain a certain type of soliton and to observe the effect of the problem parameters. By using the modified new Kudryashovs scheme. This observation also includes how the soliton behavior is effective by comparing the (1 + 1) -dimensional chiral nonlinear Schrödinger equation (C-NLSE) and (1 + 1) -dimensional chiral nonlinear Schrödinger equation with Bohm potential (C-NLSE-BP), especially by examining the Bohm potential parameter. Methodology: In order to apply the proposed analytical method which is the modified Kudryasovs scheme (m-NKM), as in many studies, the nonlinear partial ordinary differential equation (NLPDE) is first converted into nonlinear ordinary differential equation form (NLODE) by using wave transform. Then, in order to determine which degree the solution function to be proposed will be, the balancing constant is calculated. The next step is to determine the unknown parameters of the problem by applying the m-NKM on NODE, obtaining solution sets, and combine the solution of the Riccati equation, which is the basis of the method, with the proposed solution function and wave transform. Obtaining the optical solution by providing the main NLPDE is the next step that follows this stage. The final stage is the graphical analysis and interpretation of the parameter effect for both problems using the obtained solution function. Findings: The examination of the case with and without Bohm potential was carried out on the behavior of the bright soliton shape, which is one of the basic soliton shapes that many effects can be clearly studied on it. It was successfully shown that both equation parameters and the Bohm potential had a significant effect on the soliton behavior, graphical presentations were made and interpreted in detail. Originality: Such an examination has not been studied before in the literature for the investigated equations. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]