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This interview is a tribute to a character who came to Peru for love of a woman from Cuzco, who gave him a large family as he was used to in Belgium. Etienne Durt was present in these last 50 years of life in Peru that was transformed from the Agrarian Reform of the military government of General Velazco Alvarado, then the earthquake in Caraz and the reconstruction of the department of Huaraz in his case in the city of Chimbote . Then he was part of the state planning in the construction of the irrigation infrastructure that the country needed in that development model that the nationalist military sought from the INP (National Institute of Planning). As a good Belgian traveler, he was immersed in Peru that many Peruvians are unaware of today, Huancavelica in the midst of the internal armed conflict, Piura and its Sierra de Huancabamba, all through international development cooperation projects, which also led him to Bolivia to manage projects. Etienne Durt has not only the University of Louvain as his alma mater, but also UNALM, where the Belgian tradition was always present from its beginnings at the National School of Agriculture and Veterinary Medicine in 1902., Esta entrevista es un homenaje a un personaje que llego al Perú por amor a una mujer cuzqueña, que le dio una familia numerosa como él ya estaba acostumbrado en Bélgica. Etienne Durt estuvo presente en estos últimos 50 años de vida en el Perú que se transformo de la Reforma Agraria del gobierno militar del General Velazco Alvarado, luego el terremoto de Caraz y la reconstrucción del departamento de Huaraz en el caso suyo en la ciudad de Chimbote. Luego fue parte de la planificación estatal en la construcción de la infraestructura de riego que necesitaba el país en ese modelo de desarrollo que buscaban los militares nacionalistas desde el INP (Instituto Nacional de Planificación). Como buen belga viajero estuvo inmerso en el Perú que muchos peruanos hasta el día de hoy desconocen, Huancavelica en medio del conflicto armado interno, Piura y su sierra de Huancabamba, todo a través de proyectos cooperación internacional para el desarrollo, que también lo llevo a Bolivia a gestionar proyectos. Etienne Durt tiene no solo a la Universidad de Lovaina como su alma mater, sino que la UNALM, donde la tradición belga siempre estuvo presente de sus inicios en la Escuela Nacional de Agricultura y Veterinaria en 1902., Esta entrevista é uma homenagem a um personagem que veio ao Peru por amor a uma cusquenha, que lhe deu uma família numerosa como estava acostumado na Bélgica. Etienne Durt esteve presente nestes últimos 50 anos de vida no Peru que se transformou desde a Reforma Agrária do governo militar do General Velazco Alvarado, depois o terremoto em Caraz e a reconstrução do departamento de Huaraz, no caso dele na cidade de Chimbote . Depois fez parte do planeamento do Estado na construção das infra-estruturas de irrigação que o país necessitava naquele modelo de desenvolvimento que os militares nacionalistas procuravam junto do INP (Instituto Nacional de Planeamento). Como bom viajante belga, mergulhou no Peru que hoje muitos peruanos desconhecem, Huancavelica em meio ao conflito armado interno, Piura e sua Serra de Huancabamba, tudo através de projetos de cooperação internacional para o desenvolvimento, que o levaram também à Bolívia para gerenciar projetos. Etienne Durt tem como alma mater não só a Universidade de Louvain, mas também a UNALM, onde a tradição belga sempre esteve presente desde os seus primórdios na Escola Nacional de Agricultura e Medicina Veterinária em 1902.

The paremiological stock of a language is an important source of axiological information that helps to identify the features of a culture, peoples mentality, and their worldview. The paper is devoted to the study of gourmandise as a component of the French and Belgian worldviews reflected in the French language paremias. The aim of the research is to determine its place in the hierarchy of values of the native speakers of French and its Belgian variant. The research material includes 202 units obtained from Dictionnaire de proverbes et dictons (121 units) and from Proverbes et dictons de Belgique francophonie (81 units). The research methods include semantic, axiological, quantitative, and comparative analyses. The results of the study indicate that 5,9% of French and 6,6% of Belgian units of the total number presented in the dictionaries are devoted to food and gourmandize, which proves that they occupy an important place in the hierarchy of values in both cultures. More than half of the gastronomic proverbs and sayings have a positive connotation. Some types of food, such as bread, butter, and eggs, are symbolic for both ethnic groups. The analysis of gastronomic realities has revealed similar French and Belgian values (such as wealth, prosperity, happiness, health, pleasure, life) and antivalues (poverty, hunger, misery, disease, death, etc.). The obtained data contribute to the axiological studies of the worldview of the native speakers of various variants of the French language and can serve as a starting point for conducting similar research of other values, including those based on the material of other languages and cultures.

A Belgian updated consensus on the assessment and management of obesity. Obesity is the most prevalent chronic disease worldwide. The negative impacts of weight excess and obesity are considerable at the individual and collective levels, spreading across physical, mental, quality-of-life, societal and economic aspects. To give an example, only considering the economic burden of this health problem, a recent analysis estimated that weight excess reduces gross domestic product by 3.3% in OECD countries and those developed countries will spend 8.4% of their health budget to treat the consequences of excess weight.1 Fortunately, there are also favorable prospects for this health problem. The same analysis predicted that every single US dollar invested in addressing overweight will result in 5.6 US dollars of return in terms of economic benefits. At the individual level, it is proven that obesity management programs can improve or revert many symptoms or co-morbidities associated with obesity. [...]

The paremiological stock of a language is an important source of axiological information that helps to identify the features of a culture, people's mentality, and their worldview. The paper is devoted to the study of gourmandise as a component of the French and Belgian worldviews reflected in the French language paremias. The aim of the research is to determine its place in the hierarchy of values of the native speakers of French and its Belgian variant. The research material includes 202 units obtained from "Dictionnaire de proverbes et dictons" (121 units) and from "Proverbes et dictons de Belgique francophonie" (81 units). The research methods include semantic, axiological, quantitative, and comparative analyses. The results of the study indicate that 5,9% of French and 6,6% of Belgian units of the total number presented in the dictionaries are devoted to food and gourmandize, which proves that they occupy an important place in the hierarchy of values in both cultures. More than half of the gastronomic proverbs and sayings have a positive connotation. Some types of food, such as bread, butter, and eggs, are symbolic for both ethnic groups. The analysis of gastronomic realities has revealed similar French and Belgian values (such as wealth, prosperity, happiness, health, pleasure, life) and antivalues (poverty, hunger, misery, disease, death, etc.). The obtained data contribute to the axiological studies of the worldview of the native speakers of various variants of the French language and can serve as a starting point for conducting similar research of other values, including those based on the material of other languages and cultures.

Climate change affects forest growth in numerous and sometimes opposite ways and the resulting trend is often difficult to predict for a given site. Integrating and structuring the knowledge gained from the monitoring and experimental studies into process-based models is an interesting approach to predict the response of forest ecosystems to climate change. While the first generation of such models operates at stand level, we need now individual-based and spatially-explicit approaches in order to account for structurally complex stands whose importance is increasingly recognized in the changing environment context. Among the climate-sensitive drivers of forest growth, phenology and water availability are often cited as crucial elements. They influence, for example, the length of the vegetation period during which photosynthesis takes place and the stomata opening, which determines the photosynthesis rate. In this paper, we describe the phenology and water balance modules integrated in the tree growth model HETEROFOR and evaluate them on six Belgian sites. More precisely, we assess the ability of the model to reproduce key phenological processes (budburst, leaf development, yellowing and fall) as well as water fluxes. Three variants are used to predict budburst (Uniforc, Unichill and Sequential), which differ regarding the inclusion of chilling and/or forcing periods and the calculation of the coldness or heat accumulation. Among the three, the Sequential approach is the least biased (overestimation of 2.46 days) while Uniforc (chilling not considered) best accounts for the interannual variability (Pearson’s R = 0.68). For the leaf development, yellowing and fall, predictions and observation are in accordance. Regarding the water balance module, the predicted throughfall is also in close agreement with the measurements (Pearson’s R = 0.856, bias = −1.3 %) and the soil water dynamics across the year is well-reproduced for all the study sites (Pearson’s R comprised between 0.893 and 0.950, and bias between −1.81 and −9.33 %). The positive results from the model assessment will allow us to use it reliably in projection studies to evaluate the impact of climate change on tree growth and test how diverse forestry practices can adapt forests to these changes.

This study aims to describe the growing influence of flexibility rationales on the early careers of young, francophone Belgian journalists. The study on the integration of new journalists enables us to grasp how the destandardisation of the beginnings of a career creates new identity forms in part distanced from the traditional values that had managed to make journalism a job that was distinct, recognised and more or less solidly positioned in the social sphere. At its most extreme, flexible rationale acts as a key factor in the increasingly frequent divide between a job and work. After having established these observations through a longitudinal study of a body of young journalists, the study analyses the impact of flexible rationales in the identity forms and the theoretical issue of boundaries between journalism and others business sectors.

info:eu-repo/semantics/published

Yüksek Lisans Tezi, Araştırmamızın birinci bölümde, Belçika'da bulunan hem göçmen Müslümanların hem de mühtedilerin tarihi ve şu andaki durumları hakkında genel bilgi verilmektedir. Mühtedilerin ihtida sürecinde göçmen Müslümanların ne gibi bir payı olduğu da bu bölümde ele alınmıştır. İkinci bölümde ise Mühtedilerin din değiştirme sürecinde önemli olan etkenler şu ana kadar dini değişim ile ilgili ortaya konulan teori ve görüşlerin, yaklaşımların doğrultusunda ele alınmıştır. Üçüncü bölümde ise mühtedilerin sosyal ve psikolojik durumları, Müslüman olmadan önceki dönemi ile beraber, ihtida sonrası sosyal hayatı ve sosyal hayatındaki değişimi, farklılığı ele alınmakta, mühtedilerin aile ve çevresi ile olan ilişkilerine yer verilmektedir. Dördüncü bölümde ise araştırma bulgularına, sonuçlarına yer verilmiştir., İn first part of our exploration, general information about both history of muslim immigrants and history of apotates and their current situation is given. The role of muslim immigrants in the progress which apotates changed their religion is also given in that part. İn second part, the important factors in progress in which apostates changed their religions is handled with the theories and ideas that has been told about the progress so far. İn the third part, with the period before becoming muslim, the social and psychological situation of apostates, the life after becoming muslim, social life is handled with distinction and its geven place to apostates relations with their families and their surroundings. İn the fourth part, findings and results of the research is given.

This study compares self-construals in Belgium and Turkey in two different relationship contexts: mother and teacher. Following Kağıtçıbaşı’s model, we measured self-construal along the dimensions of autonomy and relatedness. Belgian (n = 276) and Turkish (n = 153) students completed Self Scales for either the mother or the teacher context. Consistent with previous cross-cultural research, Belgian students were more autonomous and less related than Turkish students, when aggregating across relationship contexts. However, in each culture, reported self-construals differed by relationship context. Moreover, the differences were entirely driven by the teacher context; no cultural differences were found with regard to self-construals in the mother context. One implication is that cultural self-construals are better seen as combined instances of socially situated selves than as stable traits. ispartof: Cross-Cultural Research vol:50 issue:1 pages:63-84 status: published

Bu çalışmada, algılanan anababa davranışları kapsamında ele alınan psikolojik kontrol, duyarlık ve özerklik desteği boyutlarının; Türk, Belçikalı-Türk ve Belçikalı ergenler arasında kültürlerarası farklılık ve benzerlikler açısından karşılaştırılması amaçlanmıştır. Betimsel model niteliğindeki çalışmanın araştırma grubunu 1082 öğrenci oluşturmaktadır. Araştırma grubunun Türkiye örneklemini Ankara ili Çankaya ve Yenimahalle ilçelerinde bulunan Milli Eğitim Bakanlığına bağlı 3 farklı ortaöğretim kurumunda öğrenim gören 433 öğrenci oluştururken; Belçika ve Belçikalı-Türk örneklemlerini Belçika'nın Ghent şehri Ledeberg ve Deinze ilçelerinde bulunan 3 farklı ortaöğretim kurumunda öğrenim gören 649 öğrenci oluşturmaktadır. 649 öğrencinin 218'i Belçikalı-Türk ergenleri kapsamaktadır. Araştırma grubuna `Bağlılık ve Başarı Odaklı Psikolojik Kontrol Ölçeği`, `Algılanan Anababalık Davranışları Ölçeği` ve araştırmacı tarafından hazırlanan `Kişisel Bilgi Formu` uygulanmıştır. Elde edilen veriler SPSS 22.0 paket programında çözümlenmiştir. Verilerin istatistiksel analizi t-testi, ANOVA, Kruskal-Wallis ve Pearson Çarpım Moment Korelasyon Katsayısı teknikleri kullanılarak yapılmıştır. Bu araştırmada Belçikalı-Türk anababaların, Türk ve Belçikalı anababalara kıyasla daha fazla bağlılık ve başarı odaklı psikolojik kontrol uyguladığı sonucuna varılmıştır. Psikolojik kontrolün türe özgü ayrımı incelendiğinde Türk ve Belçikalı-Türk ergenlerin daha fazla bağlılık odaklı psikolojik kontrol algılarken, Belçikalı ergenlerin daha fazla başarı odaklı psikolojik kontrol algıladıkları görülmüştür. Bulgular anababa desteği açısından değerlendirildiğinde, duyarlık ve özerklik desteğini en fazla algılayanların Türk ergenler olduğu sonucuna varılmıştır. Anababalık davranışlarında cinsiyet etkisi bağlılık ve başarı odaklı psikolojik kontrol boyutunda Türk ve Belçikalı örneklemde erkek ergenler lehine, anababa duyarlık ve özerklik desteği boyutunda ise kızlar lehinedir. Bununla birlikte yaş arttıkça Türk babaların gösterdiği duyarlığın azaldığı, Belçikalı babaların ise özerklik desteği uygulamalarının arttığı saptanmıştır. Son olarak Belçikalı babaların eğitim düzeylerine paralel olarak gösterdikleri özerklik desteğinin da arttığı görülmüştür. Araştırmanın sonuçları bu alanda daha önce yapılan araştırmalar göz önünde bulundurularak değerlendirilmiş ve gelecek araştırmalara yönelik önerilerde bulunulmuştur.Anahtar Sözcükler: Anababa Davranışları, Psikolojik Kontrol, Özerklik Desteği, Duyarlık, Kültürler Arası This study aimed to compare Turkish, Belgian-Turkish and Belgian adolescents in regard to their perceptions on parental behaviors. 433 Turkish, 431 Belgian and 218 Belgian-Turks adolescents summing up to 1082 were participated. Participants for the research were students studying in three different schools from Çankaya and Yenimahalle, district located in Ankara, Turkey and students studying in three different schools from Ledeberg and Deinze, district located in Ghent, Belgium. Participants were given ''Dependency Oriented and Achievement Oriented Psychological Control Scale'', ''Other Parenting Dimensions Scale'' and a ''Personal Information Form'' prepared by researcher. Results were analyzed with SPSS 22.0. The data was analyzed by t-test, ANOVA, Kruskal-Wallis test and Pearson Product-Moment Correlation techniques. The results indicated that Belgian-Turkish adolescents perceive the highest level of dependency and achievement oriented pyschological control. Spesifically, Turkish and Belgian-Turkish adolescents reported more dependency oriented psychological control, yet Belgian adolescents reported more on achievement oriented pscyhological control. The results also showed that Turkish parents got higher scores on autonomy support and responsiveness behaviors. In addition to this, Belgian and Turkish male adolescents reported higher scores on dependency and achievement oriented psychological control and female adolescents reported more parental responsiveness and autonomy support. The results also indicated that the age and paternal responsiveness are inversely proportional in Turkish sample. Similarly, the age and paternal autonomy support are directly proportional in Belgian sample. Only Belgian sample reported that the educational level has an impact on parental behaviors, which was the higher paternal education level promotes higher paternal autonomy support. The results of this research shows similarities with previous research and finally suggestions were made for future research.Key Words: Parental Behaviors, Psychological Control, Autonomy Support, Responsiveness, Cross-Cultural 115

In the novels by Belgian Francophone Jean-Luc Outers, working world has found a productive ground. Indeed, there are plenty professions from politician to researcher, including public administration clerk. Though writer’s work is emphasized, Outers’ novels focus on the absurd administration context, as well as the relation between work and body, space and time. It is with an ironic and tender glance, in an interrogative style which leads to reflection, with poetry, often surreal or fantastic images, but above all with a special humour, comfortable, but mainly with absurd or burlesque, sometimes incisive approach, which causes intelligent laughter, that the author presents us this abstract and asepticised bureaucratic society of ours, where human beings try to survive despite nonsense.

Цель : Оценка воздействия терапии в соответствии с бельгийской школой на психомоторное развитие детей с дисгармонией развития. Материал и методы . В исследование были включены 32 детей в возрасте 6 лет со всей Польши с симптомами дисгармонии развития, которые были определены в группу бельгийской психомоторной терапии. Двукратные измерения выбранного пространства психомоторной области было сделано с помощью следующих тестов: MOT 4-6 R. Zimmer i M. Volkammer; PST 6-8 S. Naville i A. Weber, B. Mock; WET 3-6 P. Deimann i U. Kastner-Koller oraz SCSIT J. Ayres. Исследования длились шесть месяцев и имело квазиэкспериментальный характер. Результаты : После терапии было отмечено, что полученные результаты у детей с дисгармонией развития в психомоторной области представлено как существенное различие от значений, полученных у сверстников без симптомов дисгармонии. Выводы: Психомоторное терапия в соответствие с бельгийской школой очень эффективный метод смягчения симптомов дисгармоничного протекания развития ребенка. Распространение этого метода может значительно повысить эффективность лечебных мероприятий, которыми должны быть охвачены все дети с отклонениями в развитии., Purpose: assess the influence of a therapy conducted according to the Belgian School on the psychomotor development of children suffering from developmental dissonance. Material and methods: the studies involved 32 six yrs. old children, having symptoms of developmental dissonance, who qualified for Belgian psychomotor therapy and who came from different areas in Poland. Two measurements of the selected areas of the psychomotor field have been performed using the following tests: MOT 4-6 by R. Zimmer and M. Volkammer; PST 6-8 by S. Naville and A. Weber, B. Mock; WET 3-6 by P. Deimann and U. Kastner-Koller , as well as SCSIT by J. Ayres. The undertaken studies lasted for approximately 6 months and were a pedagogic quasi-experiment in nature. Results: upon the conclusion of experimental factor’s influence i.e. the Belgian psychomotor therapy, it has been observed that in the study pertaining to the psychomotor development, the results obtained by the six-year-old children cease to significantly differ from the values obtained by their peers, displaying no symptoms of dissonance. Conclusion: psychomotor therapy according to the Belgian School is a useful method of alleviating the symptoms of a non-harmonious development of a six-year-old child. A scientific confirmation of the research problem’s significance can facilitate therapist’s work. The results of the research will also contribute to the development of knowledge about diagnosis of developmental dissonance and Belgian psychomotor therapy., Мета : Оцінка впливу терапії відповідно до бельгійської школи на психомоторний розвиток дітей з дисгармонією розвитку. Матеріал і методи . У дослідження були включені 32 дітей у віці 6 років з усієї Польщі з симптомами дисгармонії розвитку, які були визначені в групу бельгійської психомоторної терапії. Дворазове вимірювання обраного простору психомоторної області було зроблено за допомогою наступних тестів: MOT 4-6 R. Zimmer i M. Volkammer; PST 6-8 S. Naville i A. Weber, B. Mock; WET 3-6 P. Deimann i U. Kastner-Koller oraz SCSIT J. Ayres. Дослідження тривали шість місяців і мало квазіекспериментальний характер. Результати : Після терапії було відзначено, що отримані результати у дітей з дисгармонією розвитку в психомоторній області представлено як істотна відмінність від значень, отриманих у однолітків без симптомів дисгармонії. Висновки : Психомоторна терапія у відповідності до бельгійської школи - дуже ефективний метод пом'якшення симптомів дисгармонійного протікання розвитку дитини. Поширення цього методу може значно підвищити ефективність лікувальних заходів, якими мають бути охоплені всі діти з відхиленнями у розвитку.

Purpose: assess the influence of a therapy conducted according to the Belgian School on the psychomotor development of children suffering from developmental dissonance. Material and methods: the studies involved 32 six yrs. old children, having symptoms of developmental dissonance, who qualified for Belgian psychomotor therapy and who came from different areas in Poland. Two measurements of the selected areas of the psychomotor field have been performed using the following tests: MOT 4-6 by R. Zimmer and M. Volkammer; PST 6-8 by S. Naville and A. Weber, B. Mock; WET 3-6 by P. Deimann and U. Kastner-Koller, as well as SCSIT by J. Ayres. The undertaken studies lasted for approximately 6 months and were a pedagogic quasi-experiment in nature. Results: upon the conclusion of experimental factor’s influence i.e. the Belgian psychomotor therapy, it has been observed that in the study pertaining to the psychomotor development, the results obtained by the six-year-old children cease to significantly differ from the values obtained by their peers, displaying no symptoms of dissonance. Conclusion: psychomotor therapy according to the Belgian School is a useful method of alleviating the symptoms of a nonharmonious development of a six-yearold child. A scientific confirmation of the research problem’s significance can facilitate therapist’s work. The results of the research will also contribute to the development of knowledge about diagnosis of developmental dissonance and Belgian psychomotor therapy . Гнитецка Иоланта, Новак Агата, Романовска-Толлочко Анна. Психомоторная терапия как эффективный метод облегчения симптомов дисгармонических осложнений развития ребенка. Цель: Оценка воздействия терапии в соответствии с бельгийской школой на психомоторное развитие детей с дисгармонией развития. Материал и методы. В исследование были включены 32 детей в возрасте 6 лет со всей Польши с симптомами дисгармонии развития, которые были определены в группу бельгийской психомоторной терапии. Двукратные измерения выбранного пространства психомоторной области было сделано с помощью следующих тестов: MOT 4-6 R. Zimmer i M. Volkammer; PST 6-8 S. Naville i A. Weber, B. Mock; WET 3-6 P. Deimann i U. Kastner-Koller oraz SCSIT J. Ayres. Исследования длились шесть месяцев и имело квазиэкспериментальный характер. Результаты: После терапии было отмечено, что полученные результаты у детей с дисгармонией развития в психомоторной области представлено как существенное различие от значений, полученных у сверстников без симптомов дисгармонии. Выводы: Психомоторное терапия в соответствие с бельгийской школой очень эффективный метод смягчения симптомов дисгармоничного протекания развития ребенка. Распространение этого метода может значительно повысить эффективность лечебных мероприятий, которыми должны быть охвачены все дети с отклонениями в

Acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL) is the most common cancer diagnosed in children, representing nearly one-third of all pediatric cancers. Although current treatment protocols can cure approximately 80% of pediatric ALL patients, a number of children will relapse, with a relapse rate shown to vary within a group of patients with similar risk even though their leukemia blast carry the same characteristics. Indeed, genetic variations involved in drug metabolism could, at least partially, be responsible for heterogeneous responses to standardized leukemia treatments, hence requiring more personalized therapy. Pharmacogenetics investigates genetic variations that affect pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics of drugs by changing the structure of proteins involved in drug metabolism and cellular transport, and their influence on drug response phenotypes. The methotrexate (MTX) and 6-mercaptopurine (6-MP) are an essential part of the multi-drug regimens used for successful treatment of childhood ALL. Although MTX and thiopurines have been in use for over sixty years, there is significant uncertainty associated with their use, which is mainly caused by inter-individual differences in the bioavailability and metabolism of these extensively metabolized drugs. Study I: We compared the relapse free survival (RFS) in Vietnamese (n=141) and Caucasian (n=94) children with ALL living in Vietnam and Belgium, respectively, and treated by the same FRALLE 2000 protocol. RFS was significantly worse in Vietnamese children (hazards ratio=4.48; 95% confidence interval [CI], 2.16-9.3; P

Child sexual abuse (CSA) is a global problem and South Africa has been identified as a high- CSA incidence country (Jewkes, 2002; Meier, 2002; New York Times, 2002 cited in Women’s International Network, 2002). Belgium is a low-CSA incidence country (Finkelhor, 1994) and the comparison of two similar populations from these countries would elucidate differences in unwanted sexual experiences of these two settings, reflecting social and cultural variables that may affect the problem. Back, Jackson, Fitzgerald, Shaffer, Salstrom and Osman (2003), contend that very few studies have compared individuals of different nationalities and also those residing in their own countries, which limits the understanding of potential cultural differences regarding CSA. In their study of 65 North American and 88 Singaporean women college students they found 15,4% of North American respondents had been exposed to CSA compared to 4,5% of Singaporean respondents, the majority of whom did not consider themselves as being abused. Miller, Johnson and Johnson (1991) contend that self-report biases and definitional problems permeate CSA research and they developed an Early Sexual Experience Checklist (ESEC) which seeks to avoid such problems. They argued that, because the ESEC assesses an explicit variety of non-coital responses and provides a non-restrictive response format, a high incidence of unwanted sexual experiences may be reported as is the case in their study.

International audience; This paper reviews the outcomes of a change process implemented in a Belgian subsidiary related to a New York Stock Exchange listed American group. We present the achievements we observed by applying SEAM change management method that has been experimented by French research centre ISEOR. This intervention research case is a great example of how a top management team put ardor and strength in piloting organizational change, making and bearing the implementation of tough decisions about economic savings. The paper also shows what role intervener researchers played through the process.

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The goal of this paper is to characterize the nature of competition in the Belgian banking sector between 2002 and 2008. In the first part of the paper, we compute some key structural indicators, including the Herfindahl-Hirschman Index. In the second part, we apply the Panzar – Rosse (1987) methodology. We follow Matthews, Murinde et Zhao (2007) who published a comparable study for the British banks, by using a panel of 12 banks over the 2002-2008 time period. In comparison to past studies, the most recent one covering the time period from 1997 to 2003 (Casu and Giardone, 2006), we observe a lower level of competition.

In this paper we study the determinants of Effective Corporate Tax Rates (ETR) of large Belgian firms. Our empirical model to explain firm level heterogeneity in ETRs, includes firm characteristics, sector membership, variables capturing legal tax breaks and location variables. Our results can be summarized as follows. First, we find the average Effective Tax Rate to be around 26% in the period 1993-2002, whereas the country wide Statutory Tax Rate (STR) in that period was 40.17 %. Second, we find that highly leveraged firms and R&D intensive firms have substantially lower Effective tax rates. Third, we observe substantial sector level heterogeneity in corporate tax burdens. Fourth, our findings are indicative of regional tax differences with a lower average ETR in Wallonia. And finally, we observe that firm level Effective Tax Rates have increased in recent years. Effective Tax Rates, Company accounts, Belgian firms. ispartof: DTEW Research Report 0421 pages:1-21 status: published