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Job satisfaction of employees is considered as important factor for the growth and success of any organization. However, many organizations have made minimal effort to assess the job satisfaction of employees including banks. This study aims to measure the job satisfaction of female employees and the major factors affecting it in commercial banks of Pokhara valley, Nepal. The study follows descriptive and explanatory designs. Purposive sampling technique was used in this research. The survey was conducted using a questionnaire administered to 150 female professionals working in different commercial banks of Pokhara valley. Descriptive statistics such as frequency analysis and mean score analysis, and inferential statistics such as correlation analysis and regression analysis were employed in this study. This study found that all the independent variables including promotion, supervisor behaviour, remuneration, working conditions and co-worker behaviour positively correlated with job satisfaction. Likewise, the study found that promotion, remuneration, and working condition have a significant impact on job satisfaction.

Among angiosperms, the Fabaceae (Leguminosae) family is well known for providing traditional or ethnic food and medicine. This family has three subfamilies with approximately 665 genera and 17500 species worldwide, with approximately 1100 species and 100 genera represented in India. Astragalus (>3000 species), Acacia (>1000 species), and Indigofera (>700 species) are the largest genera in this family. Many species in these genera have been identified as producing a variety of phytochemicals, including 3-nitropropanoic acid, a powerful mycotoxin. Almost every tribal community in India is aware of the medicinal uses of leguminous plants. In this regard, India's arid state can be regarded as an extremely rich territory; thus, a review of the scientific literature on their phytochemical characteristics and ethnomedicinal uses is expected to contribute to the further exploration and utilization of members of this large plant family.

In this high sedentary life, low backache is the most common emerging disease affecting day to day life of people, physically as well as psychologically. Low backache is the second most common disorder causing disability. Among its various causes, the most commonly appearing one is sciatica, which refers to the pain in the sciatic nerve and felt in the lumbar-sacral region, back of the thigh, leg, and foot. The features of sciatica are like the condition ‘Gridrasi’ mentioned in Ayurveda. It is explained as one among the 80 nanatmaja vata vyadhis described by Acharya Charaka. The case study being presented here is of a 27 yr old female patient suffering from radiating pain from the low back to the right lower limb. She was also heaving numbness and tingling over the right lower limb with difficulty walking. Her SLR test was positive at 30 degrees, so with all these clinical features, she was diagnosed with Vataja gridrasi. Ayurveda explains Basti karma as the choice of treatment in the case of Gridrasi, whereas Snehana & Snigdha svedana are the best treatments for any Vataja disorder. So, in this case, Basti karma (Anubhuta yoga) was administered in the Kala basti schedule, along with Kati basti with Prasarani taila as local external therapy for 16 days. After treatment, the results indicated that the patient got significant relief in presenting the features of Gridrasi, and the day-to-day activities were also improved.

This review article outlines the currently published most potent hybrid drugs against the Plasmodium species.

Plants are frequently subjected to abiotic and biotic stress which causes major impediments in their growth and development. It is emerging that small guanosine triphosphatases (small GTPases), also known as monomeric GTP-binding proteins, assist plants in managing environmental stress. Small GTPases function as tightly regulated molecular switches that get activated with the aid of guanosine triphosphate (GTP) and deactivated by the subsequent hydrolysis of GTP to guanosine diphosphate (GDP). All small GTPases except Rat sarcoma (Ras) are found in plants, including Ras-like in brain (Rab), Rho of plant (Rop), ADP-ribosylation factor (Arf) and Ras-like nuclear (Ran). The members of small GTPases in plants interact with several downstream effectors to counteract the negative effects of environmental stress and disease-causing pathogens. In this review, we describe processes of stress alleviation by developing pathways involving several small GTPases and their associated proteins which are important for neutralizing fungal infections, stomatal regulation, and activation of abiotic stress-tolerant genes in plants. Previous reviews on small GTPases in plants were primarily focused on Rab GTPases, abiotic stress, and membrane trafficking, whereas this review seeks to improve our understanding of the role of all small GTPases in plants as well as their interactome in regulating mechanisms to combat abiotic and biotic stress. This review brings to the attention of scientists recent research on small GTPases so that they can employ genome editing tools to precisely engineer economically important plants through the overexpression/knock-out/knock-in of stress-related small GTPase genes.

The artemisinin resistance has posed a serious threat against malaria elimination lately. Past few years have seen important development of several peroxide based medicinal compounds and their derivatives such as trioxanes and tetraoxanes. Here, we report a rapid, one-pot method for synthesizing a new series of N-sulfonylpiperidine dispiro-1,2,4,5-tetraoxane analogs with diverse substitution on the tetraoxane ring i.e., various substituted alkyl and aryl sulfonyl chlorides, as well as cyclic, acyclic and aryl substituted ketones. All the synthesized tetraoxanes were characterized by spectroscopic (

Background:Metabolic pathways perturbations lead to skeletal muscular atrophy in the cachexia and sarcopenia due to increased catabolism. Pro-inflammatory cytokines induce the catabolic pathways that impair the muscle integrity and function. Hence, this review primarily concentrates on the effects of pro-inflammatory cytokines in regulation of skeletal muscle metabolism.Objective:This review will discuss the role of pro-inflammatory cytokines in skeletal muscles during muscle wasting conditions. Moreover, the coordination among the pro-inflammatory cytokines and their regulated molecular signaling pathways which increase the protein degradation will be discussed.Results:During normal conditions, pro-inflammatory cytokines are required to balance anabolism and catabolism and to maintain normal myogenesis process. However, during muscle wasting their enhanced expression leads to marked destructive metabolism in the skeletal muscles. Proinflammatory cytokines primarily exert their effects by increasing the expression of calpains and E3 ligases as well as of Nf-κB, required for protein breakdown and local inflammation. Proinflammatory cytokines also locally suppress the IGF-1and insulin functions, hence increase the FoxO activation and decrease the Akt function, the central point of carbohydrates lipid and protein metabolism.Conclusion:Current advancements have revealed that the muscle mass loss during skeletal muscular atrophy is multifactorial. Despite great efforts, not even a single FDA approved drug is available in the market. It indicates the well-organized coordination among the pro-inflammatory cytokines that need to be further understood and explored.

Plants are exposed to any number of potentially adverse environmental conditions such as water deficit, high salinity, extreme temperature, submergence, etc. These abiotic stresses adversely affect the plant growth and productivity. Seed priming is an easy, low cost and low risk method for improving growth and development of plants especially under adverse environmental conditions. Seed priming has been developed as an indispensable method to produce tolerant plants against various stresses in rice. The beneficial effects of seed priming include faster emergence, better stands, and lower incidence of re-sowing, more vigorous plants, better drought tolerance, earlier flowering, earlier harvest and higher grain yield. These beneficial effects of seed priming are due to several reasons such as activation of enzymes associated with endosperm utilization and seed germination, mobilization of storage proteins, changes in hormonal balance and synthesis of proteins that play an important role during seed germination. Seed priming emerges as a promising technology for combating abiotic stress in crops and alleviating the detrimental effects of abiotic stress without much affecting its fitness. Seed priming methods are widely used as an emerging technology to produce tolerant crop varieties against abiotic stresses.

In India, the private sector provides 70% of the total outpatient medical care. This study describes the Mumbai Hypertension Project, which aimed to deliver a standard hypertension management package in private sector clinics situated in urban slums. The project was conducted in two wards (one “lean” and one “intensive”) with 82 private providers in each. All hypertensive patients received free drug vouchers, baseline serum creatinine, adherence support, self-management counseling and follow-up calls. In the intensive-ward, project supported hub agents facilitated uptake of services. A total of 13,184 hypertensive patients were registered from January 2019 to February 2020. Baseline blood pressure (BP) control rates were higher in the intensive-ward (30%) compared with the lean-ward (13%). During the 14-month project period, 6752 (51%) patients followed-up, with participants in the intensive-ward more likely to follow-up (aOR: 2.31; p p

IoT is widely used in many fields, and with the expansion of the network and increment of devices, there is the dynamic growth of data in IoT systems, making the system more vulnerable to various attacks. Nowadays, network security is the primary issue in IoT, and there is a need for the system to detect intruders. In this paper, we constructed a deep learning CNN model for NIDS and utilized the NSL-KDD benchmark dataset, consisting of four attack classes, for evaluating the model’s performance. We applied the filter method for feature reduction where highly correlated features are dropped. Our 2D-CNN model achieved an accuracy of 99.4% with reduced loss. We also compared the performance of DNN and CNN models in terms of accuracy and other evaluation metrics.

Biogenetic engineering is a significant technology to sensibly manage microbial metabolic product factories. Genome modification methods for efficiently controlling and modifying genes at the genome level have progressed in biogenetic engineering during the last decade. CRISPR is genome editing technology that allows for the modification of organisms’ genomes. CRISPR and its related RNA-guided endonuclease are versatile advanced immune system frameworks for defending against foreign DNA and RNAs. CRISPR is efficient, accessible, and trustworthy genomic modification tool in unparalleled resolution. At present, CRISPR-Cas9 method is expanded to industrially manipulate cells. Metabolically modified organisms are quickly becoming interested in the production of different bio-based components. Here, chapter explore about the control productivity of targeted biomolecules in divergent cells based on the use of different CRISPR-related Cas9.

Based on the four-corner stone of population and development programmes recognized by ICPD (1994) this paper envisages the relationship between the recent waves of women's empowerment anduse of contraceptive methods in India.Findings are based on two rounds of NFHS (34). Liberson's Diversity Index has been used to assess the inequality in women's empowerment. Multiple regression analysis is used to portray the relationship and logistic regression is used to access the adjusted effects of various dimensions of women's empowerment on use of contraception.Varying degrees of equity in women's empowerment across different states of India builds a combative relationship with uptake of contraceptive methods. Results portray a positive association between inequality in household decision making, engaged in paid work in last 12 months and having 10 years of schooling with use of any modern method. Women who participated in household decision making (OR = 1.17 p 0.005), using mobile phone (OR = 1.23 p 0.005) and working and were paid in cash in last 12 months (OR = 1.37 p 0.005) are significantly more likely to use any method of contraception.Status of women in India has improved in different dimensions, yet the patriarchal norms influence the decision of using contraception. The current women-centric bottom-top approach in implementation of family planning programme should focus at the women's right to decision on their own life and health. Such efforts should hinge at strengthening inter personal counseling and capacity building sessions by outreach workers, which may empower women with enhanced knowledge about their health and bodily rights.

Internet of Things (IoT) networks are the type of Low Power and Lossy Networks. Routing protocol for Low Power and Lossy Networks (RPL) is the standard routing protocol for IoT network. RPL uses the Destination Oriented Directed Acyclic Graph (DODAG) to get route from source to destination. DODAG formation is based on different objective functions which optimize various routing metrics to get reliable and more optimized path. Objective function Zero (OF0) which is based on minimum hop count method and Minimum Rank with Hysteresis Objective Function (MRHOF) which optimize one routing metric i.e. Expected Transmission Count (ETX) or energy are standard objective functions defined by Internet Engineering Task Force (IETF). Different routing metrics are combined so far as use of single routing metric by RPL doesn’t fulfil overall routing performance requirements. This research proposes a new modified MRHOF objective function which is modification in standard objective function MRHOF. Modified MRHOF objective function uses and optimizes three routing metrics i.e. ETX, Energy and Delay. Implementation of proposed work is done on Cooja Simulator on Contiki OS. Performance evaluation of proposed objective function is done on the basis of these parameters- Packet Delivery Ratio (PDR), Average Power Consumption and Throughput and results show that proposed objective function performs better than other objective functions -0F0 and MRHOF in terms of these parameters.

Nearly one-third of patients don't achieve seizure control with existing antiepileptic drugs. Brivaracetam (BRV) is a new member of the racetam class of drug, designed to selectively target SV2A, with binding affinity 15- to 30-fold greater than that of levetiracetam.This pooled analysis reports efficacy and tolerability data of adjunct BRV (50, 100, and 200 mg/day) compared with placebo in Indian patients with uncontrolled focal epilepsy.Data of 104 patients (aged 16-80 years) from 2 studies (N01252 and N01358) were pooled for this analysis. The studies comprised an 8-week prospective baseline period, and a 12-week treatment period. The study endpoints included median percent reduction from baseline in focal seizure frequency/28-days, ≥50% responder rate, and seizure freedom (all seizure types). The safety analysis included treatment-emergent adverse events (TEAEs).The efficacy population comprised 101 patients. In the Indian sub-group population, median percent reduction from baseline in focal seizure frequency/28-days was greater in the BRV dose groups: 39.7% (p = 0.00868), 46.8% (p = 0.00180) and 48.2% (p = 0.05224), for BRV 50, 100, 200 mg/day, respectively, compared with 20.6% for placebo. Responder rates (≥50%) were 38.1%, 45.7%, and 45.5% for BRV 50, 100, and 200 mg/day, respectively, compared with 11.7% for placebo. Complete seizure freedom was reported by 4.8% (1/21) and 2.9% (1/35) of patients on BRV50 and 100 mg/day, respectively, and none out of the 11 and 34 patients on BRV200 mg/day and placebo, respectively. In the safety population (n = 104), most commonly reported TEAEs (reported by ≥5% of patients taking brivaracetam) were headache and cough; most TEAEs were mild or moderate in intensity.This pooled analysis has provided evidence that adjunct brivaracetam, was effective and well-tolerated in Indian patients with uncontrolled focal epilepsy.

Emergence and spread of Plasmodium falciparum resistant to artemisinin-based combination therapy has led to a situation of haste in the scientific and pharmaceutical communities. Sincere efforts are redirected towards finding alternative chemotherapeutic agents that are capable of combating multidrug-resistant parasite strains. Extensive research yielded the concept of "Chimeric Bitherapy (CB)" which involves the linking of two molecules with individual pharmacological activity and exhibit dual mode of action into a single hybrid molecule. Current research in this field seems to endorse hybrid molecules as the next-generation antimalarial drugs and are more effective compared to the multi-component drugs because of the lower occurrence of drug-drug adverse effects. This review is an attempt to congregate complete survey on endoperoxide based hybrid antiplasmodial molecules that will give glimpse on the future directions for successful development and discovery of useful antimalarial hybrid drugs.

The main aim of machine learning is to instruct computers to use data or experience to solve a real-life problem. It can apply as association analysis through supervised learning, unsupervised learning, and Reinforcement Learning. In this study, we will focus on the use of machine learning in agriculture to solve real-life problems. We will focus on the state of art on machine learning and its application in agriculture. Also, we study the use of machine learning in wheat crop production. At last, we identify the gaps in wheat crop production and proposed an architecture using supervised machine learning.

The study was conducted on farmers field in Nagaur district during 2018 to 2019 to know the impact of improved technologies on chickpea production through Cluster Front Line Demonstration. The demonstrated technologies increase the chickpea seed production 14.24 and 19.31 q/ha during 2018 and 2019 with the per cent increase in of 16.2 and 26.7 respectively. The net return in demonstration technology was 38474 during 2018 and the same 58829 was in 2019. The ultimate cost benefit ratio was also higher 2.6 and 3.11 in demonstration technology during both the years as compared to local check 2.2 and 2.61 respectively.

The interaction of triazole substituted 4-methyl-7-hydroxycoumarin derivatives (CUM1-4) with serum albumin (bovine serum albumin [BSA] and human serum albumin [HSA]) have been studied employing ultraviolet-visible (UV-Vis), fluorescence, circular dichroism (CD) spectroscopy, and molecular docking methods at physiological pH 7.4. The fluorescence quenching occurred with increasing concentration of CUMs, and the binding constant of CUM derivatives with BSA and HSA obtained from fluorescence quenching experiment was found to be ~ 104 L mol-1 . CD study showed conformational changes in the secondary structure of serum albumin upon titration of CUMs. The observed experimental results were further validated by theoretical studies involving density functional theory (DFT) and molecular docking.

Background: Traditional lectures (using PowerPoint presentation or chalk and board) have become less effective, monotonous, and involve less student-teacher interaction. Introducing peer-assisted learning (PAL) may improve learning by increased student-teacher interaction, making interesting, and more effective for better student outcome, producing a competent Indian medical graduate. Aims and Objectives: The aim of the study was to introduce PAL in 1st year MBBS students, to evaluate effectiveness of PAL both from Students and Teachers perspective, and to determine feasibility of PAL in a large batch of 150 students with limited teacher availability. Materials and Methods: Place of study is Muzaffarnagar medical college, Muzaffarnagar, UP. Study was conducted on 80, 1st phase MBBS students (2020 Batch) Ethical clearance from Institutional Ethics committee was obtained. A pre-test and a post-test of ten MCQs were given. Feedback from students and faculty members was also taken. Results: As post-test scores show a significant improvement Pal can be introduced as a TL method in MBBS students. Conclusion: Feedback from both the students and teachers show that a significant percentage agree that PAL is helpful in increasing knowledge, should be included in the teaching methodology in CBME curriculum, is feasible, can be included in internal assessment, and improve critical thinking skills.