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1. Atacama Cosmology Telescope: High-resolution component-separated maps across one third of the sky

Author

Coulton, W, Madhavacheril, M, Duivenvoorden, A, Hill, J, Abril-Cabezas, I, Ade, P, Aiola, S, Alford, T, Amiri, M, Amodeo, S, An, R, Atkins, Z, Austermann, J, Battaglia, N, Battistelli, E, Beall, J, Bean, R, Beringue, B, Bhandarkar, T, Biermann, E, Bolliet, B, Bond, J, Cai, H, Calabrese, E, Calafut, V, Capalbo, V, Carrero, F, Chesmore, G, Cho, H, Choi, S, Clark, S, Rosado, R, Cothard, N, Coughlin, K, Crowley, K, Devlin, M, Dicker, S, Doze, P, Duell, C, Duff, S, Dunkley, J, Dünner, R, Fanfani, V, Fankhanel, M, Farren, G, Ferraro, S, Freundt, R, Fuzia, B, Gallardo, P, Garrido, X, Givans, J, Gluscevic, V, Golec, J, Guan, Y, Halpern, M, Han, D, Hasselfield, M, Healy, E, Henderson, S, Hensley, B, Hervías-Caimapo, C, Hilton, G, Hilton, M, Hincks, A, Hložek, R, Ho, S, Huber, Z, Hubmayr, J, Huffenberger, K, Hughes, J, Irwin, K, Isopi, G, Jense, H, Keller, B, Kim, J, Knowles, K, Koopman, B, Kosowsky, A, Kramer, D, Kusiak, A, La Posta, A, Lakey, V, Lee, E, Li, Z, Li, Y, Limon, M, Lokken, M, Louis, T, Lungu, M, Maccrann, N, Macinnis, A, Maldonado, D, Maldonado, F, Mallaby-Kay, M, Marques, G, Van Marrewijk, J, Mccarthy, F, Mcmahon, J, Mehta, Y, Menanteau, F, Coulton W., Madhavacheril M. S., Duivenvoorden A. J., Hill J. C., Abril-Cabezas I., Ade P. A. R., Aiola S., Alford T., Amiri M., Amodeo S., An R., Atkins Z., Austermann J. E., Battaglia N., Battistelli E. S., Beall J. A., Bean R., Beringue B., Bhandarkar T., Biermann E., Bolliet B., Bond J. R., Cai H., Calabrese E., Calafut V., Capalbo V., Carrero F., Chesmore G. E., Cho H. M., Choi S. K., Clark S. E., Rosado R. C., Cothard N. F., Coughlin K., Crowley K. T., Devlin M. J., Dicker S., Doze P., Duell C. J., Duff S. M., Dunkley J., Dünner R., Fanfani V., Fankhanel M., Farren G., Ferraro S., Freundt R., Fuzia B., Gallardo P. A., Garrido X., Givans J., Gluscevic V., Golec J. E., Guan Y., Halpern M., Han D., Hasselfield M., Healy E., Henderson S., Hensley B., Hervías-Caimapo C., Hilton G. C., Hilton M., Hincks A. D., HloŽek R., Ho S. P. P., Huber Z. B., Hubmayr J., Huffenberger K. M., Hughes J. P., Irwin K., Isopi G., Jense H. T., Keller B., Kim J., Knowles K., Koopman B. J., Kosowsky A., Kramer D., Kusiak A., La Posta A., Lakey V., Lee E., Li Z., Li Y., Limon M., Lokken M., Louis T., Lungu M., Maccrann N., Macinnis A., Maldonado D., Maldonado F., Mallaby-Kay M., Marques G. A., Van Marrewijk J., McCarthy F., McMahon J., Mehta Y., Menanteau F., Coulton, W, Madhavacheril, M, Duivenvoorden, A, Hill, J, Abril-Cabezas, I, Ade, P, Aiola, S, Alford, T, Amiri, M, Amodeo, S, An, R, Atkins, Z, Austermann, J, Battaglia, N, Battistelli, E, Beall, J, Bean, R, Beringue, B, Bhandarkar, T, Biermann, E, Bolliet, B, Bond, J, Cai, H, Calabrese, E, Calafut, V, Capalbo, V, Carrero, F, Chesmore, G, Cho, H, Choi, S, Clark, S, Rosado, R, Cothard, N, Coughlin, K, Crowley, K, Devlin, M, Dicker, S, Doze, P, Duell, C, Duff, S, Dunkley, J, Dünner, R, Fanfani, V, Fankhanel, M, Farren, G, Ferraro, S, Freundt, R, Fuzia, B, Gallardo, P, Garrido, X, Givans, J, Gluscevic, V, Golec, J, Guan, Y, Halpern, M, Han, D, Hasselfield, M, Healy, E, Henderson, S, Hensley, B, Hervías-Caimapo, C, Hilton, G, Hilton, M, Hincks, A, Hložek, R, Ho, S, Huber, Z, Hubmayr, J, Huffenberger, K, Hughes, J, Irwin, K, Isopi, G, Jense, H, Keller, B, Kim, J, Knowles, K, Koopman, B, Kosowsky, A, Kramer, D, Kusiak, A, La Posta, A, Lakey, V, Lee, E, Li, Z, Li, Y, Limon, M, Lokken, M, Louis, T, Lungu, M, Maccrann, N, Macinnis, A, Maldonado, D, Maldonado, F, Mallaby-Kay, M, Marques, G, Van Marrewijk, J, Mccarthy, F, Mcmahon, J, Mehta, Y, Menanteau, F, Coulton W., Madhavacheril M. S., Duivenvoorden A. J., Hill J. C., Abril-Cabezas I., Ade P. A. R., Aiola S., Alford T., Amiri M., Amodeo S., An R., Atkins Z., Austermann J. E., Battaglia N., Battistelli E. S., Beall J. A., Bean R., Beringue B., Bhandarkar T., Biermann E., Bolliet B., Bond J. R., Cai H., Calabrese E., Calafut V., Capalbo V., Carrero F., Chesmore G. E., Cho H. M., Choi S. K., Clark S. E., Rosado R. C., Cothard N. F., Coughlin K., Crowley K. T., Devlin M. J., Dicker S., Doze P., Duell C. J., Duff S. M., Dunkley J., Dünner R., Fanfani V., Fankhanel M., Farren G., Ferraro S., Freundt R., Fuzia B., Gallardo P. A., Garrido X., Givans J., Gluscevic V., Golec J. E., Guan Y., Halpern M., Han D., Hasselfield M., Healy E., Henderson S., Hensley B., Hervías-Caimapo C., Hilton G. C., Hilton M., Hincks A. D., HloŽek R., Ho S. P. P., Huber Z. B., Hubmayr J., Huffenberger K. M., Hughes J. P., Irwin K., Isopi G., Jense H. T., Keller B., Kim J., Knowles K., Koopman B. J., Kosowsky A., Kramer D., Kusiak A., La Posta A., Lakey V., Lee E., Li Z., Li Y., Limon M., Lokken M., Louis T., Lungu M., Maccrann N., Macinnis A., Maldonado D., Maldonado F., Mallaby-Kay M., Marques G. A., Van Marrewijk J., McCarthy F., McMahon J., Mehta Y., and Menanteau F.

Abstract

Observations of the millimeter sky contain valuable information on a number of signals, including the blackbody cosmic microwave background (CMB), Galactic emissions, and the Compton-y distortion due to the thermal Sunyaev-Zel'dovich (tSZ) effect. Extracting new insight into cosmological and astrophysical questions often requires combining multiwavelength observations to spectrally isolate one component. In this work, we present a new arc-minute-resolution Compton-y map, which traces out the line-of-sight-integrated electron pressure, as well as maps of the CMB in intensity and E-mode polarization, across a third of the sky (around 13,000 deg2). We produce these through a joint analysis of data from the Atacama Cosmology Telescope (ACT) data release 4 and 6 at frequencies of roughly 93, 148, and 225 GHz, together with data from the Planck satellite at frequencies between 30 and 545 GHz. We present detailed verification of an internal linear combination pipeline implemented in a needlet frame that allows us to efficiently suppress Galactic contamination and account for spatial variations in the ACT instrument noise. These maps provide a significant advance, in noise levels and resolution, over the existing Planck component-separated maps and will enable a host of science goals including studies of cluster and galaxy astrophysics, inferences of the cosmic velocity field, primordial non-Gaussianity searches, and gravitational lensing reconstruction of the CMB.

Published
2024

3. Haftungsvoraussetzungen

Author

Biermann, E., Rossaint, Rolf, Section editor, Rossaint, Rolf, editor, Werner, Christian, editor, and Zwißler, Bernhard, editor

Published
2019
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6. Schadensersatzprozess

Author

Biermann, E., Rossaint, Rolf, Section editor, Rossaint, Rolf, editor, Werner, Christian, editor, and Zwißler, Bernhard, editor

Published
2019
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11. The Atacama Cosmology Telescope: Systematic Transient Search of 3 Day Maps

Author

Li, Y, Biermann, E, Naess, S, Aiola, S, An, R, Battaglia, N, Bhandarkar, T, Calabrese, E, Choi, S, Crowley, K, Devlin, M, Duell, C, Duff, S, Dunkley, J, Dünner, R, Gallardo, P, Guan, Y, Hervias-Caimapo, C, Hincks, A, Hubmayr, J, Huffenberger, K, Hughes, J, Kosowsky, A, Louis, T, Mallaby-Kay, M, Mcmahon, J, Nati, F, Niemack, M, Orlowski-Scherer, J, Page, L, Salatino, M, Sifón, C, Staggs, S, Vargas, C, Vavagiakis, E, Wang, Y, Wollack, E, Li, YQ, Choi, SK, Crowley, KT, Duell, CJ, Duff, SM, Gallardo, PA, Guan, YL, Hincks, AD, Huffenberger, KM, Hughes, JP, Niemack, MD, Staggs, ST, Vavagiakis, EM, Wang, YH, Wollack, EJ, Li, Y, Biermann, E, Naess, S, Aiola, S, An, R, Battaglia, N, Bhandarkar, T, Calabrese, E, Choi, S, Crowley, K, Devlin, M, Duell, C, Duff, S, Dunkley, J, Dünner, R, Gallardo, P, Guan, Y, Hervias-Caimapo, C, Hincks, A, Hubmayr, J, Huffenberger, K, Hughes, J, Kosowsky, A, Louis, T, Mallaby-Kay, M, Mcmahon, J, Nati, F, Niemack, M, Orlowski-Scherer, J, Page, L, Salatino, M, Sifón, C, Staggs, S, Vargas, C, Vavagiakis, E, Wang, Y, Wollack, E, Li, YQ, Choi, SK, Crowley, KT, Duell, CJ, Duff, SM, Gallardo, PA, Guan, YL, Hincks, AD, Huffenberger, KM, Hughes, JP, Niemack, MD, Staggs, ST, Vavagiakis, EM, Wang, YH, and Wollack, EJ

Abstract

We conduct a systematic search for transients in 3 yr of data (2017-2019) from the Atacama Cosmology Telescope (ACT). ACT covers 40% of the sky at three bands spanning from 77-277 GHz. Analysis of 3 day mean-subtracted sky maps, which were match filtered for point sources, yielded 29 transient detections. Eight of these transients are due to known asteroids, and three others were previously published. Four of these events occur in areas with poor noise models and thus we cannot be confident they are real transients. We are left with 14 new transient events occurring at 11 unique locations. All of these events are associated with either rotationally variable stars or cool stars. Ten events have flat or falling spectra indicating radiation from synchrotron emission. One event has a rising spectrum indicating a different engine for the flare.

Published
2023

20. Handeln bei akuter Gefährdung – wie viel Aufklärung?

Author

Biermann, E.

Abstract

Zusammenfassung: Auch die vitale, dringende Indikation allein kann die ärztliche Behandlung nicht rechtfertigen; es bedarf zusätzlich der (wirksamen, auch mündlich, evtl. konkludent erklärten oder mutmaßlichen) Einwilligung des Patienten bzw. seines (gesetzlichen) Vertreters/Bevollmächtigten. Der Patient muss nicht zwingend einwilligen. Ein im Bewusstsein der Konsequenzen abgegebenes „Veto“ des Patienten bindet die Ärzte auch dann, wenn der Eingriff vital indiziert ist und die Ablehnung des Patienten aus religiösen oder weltanschaulichen Gründen erfolgt, die für die behandelnden Ärzte nicht nachvollziehbar sind. Eine selbstbestimmte Entscheidung setzt aber das entsprechende Wissen um die Bedeutung des Eingriffs, speziell seine Risiken und die Folgen seines Unterlassens voraus. Dieses Wissen ist dem Patienten im Rahmen der Aufklärung durch einen Arzt rechtzeitig zu vermitteln, soweit der Patient nicht auf nähere Aufklärung verzichtet hat. Die Intensität der Aufklärung ist abhängig von der zeitlichen Dringlichkeit der Maßnahme. Kann nur ein sofortiger Eingriff den Patienten retten, dann tendiert die Risikoaufklärung gegen Null.

Published
2024
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37. Solar cooker acceptance in South Africa: results of a comparative field-test

Author

Biermann, E., Grupp, M., and Palmer, R.

Subjects
South Africa -- Energy use, Cookware -- Testing, Solar ovens -- Usage, Earth sciences, Petroleum, energy and mining industries
Abstract

A one-year comparative field-test of 7 different types of solar cookers, involving 66 families in 3 study areas in South Africa, has been conducted by the South African Department of Minerals and Energy (DME) and the Deutsche Gesellschaft fur Technische Zusammenarbeit (GTZ). Overall, families use solar cookers on 38% of all days and for 35% of all cooked meals; they express clear preferences for certain cooker types. Solar cookers, together with wood (stoves and open fires, used on 42% of all days), are the cooking appliances most used. Fuel consumption measurements show overall fuel savings of 38%, resulting in estimated pay-back periods (through monetary fuel savings) from 8 month onwards, depending on the type and region. Economic analysis, acquisition of test cookers by users after the placement period as well as an independent market study, have led to a second programme phase of commercial pilot dissemination of locally produced cookers, adapted according to field-test experiences.

Published
1999

47. Postersession III : Diabetes

Author

Waldhäusl, W., Czerwenka-Howorka, K., Derfler, K., Schröcksnadel, W., Freyler, H., Beischer, W., Dittus, E., Pfeiffer, M., Rett, K., Wicklmayr, M., Mehnert, H., Feilen, K., Kerner, W., Pfeiffer, E. F., Böttger, I., Dietze, G., Velcovsky, H. G., Lietz, T., Koch, L., Otten, A., Neuzner, J., Sachse, G., Federlin, K., Walter, H., Biermann, E., Bachmann, W., Hogan, M., Schulz, G., Beyer, J., Kempf, P., Jakober, B., Schmülling, R. M., Eggstein, M., Tillil, H., Könneker, J., Köbberling, J., Bretzel, R. G., Richardt, M., Menden, A., Landgraf, R., Landgraf-Leurs, M. M. C., Burg, D., Kampik, A., Land, W., Dreyer, M., Siemers, U., Kühnau, J., Rüdiger, H. W., Miehlke, Klaus, editor, and Bergmann, J. F.

Published
1984
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48. Metamizol. Überlegungen zum Monitoring zur frühzeitigen Diagnose einer Agranulozytose

Author

Stamer, Ulrike, Gundert-Remy, U, Biermann, E, Erlenwein, J, Meiβner, W, Wirz, S, and Stammschulte, T

Subjects
610 Medicine & health
Abstract

BACKGROUND Dipyrone (metamizole) is a non-opioid analgesic commonly used in Germany, which can, in very rare cases, cause life-threatening agranulocytosis. The prescribing information calls for regular monitoring of the differential blood count in cases of long-term treatment. However, there is uncertainty about how this testing should be handled in practice. OBJECTIVES Which recommendations can be derived from the published literature for evaluating blood cell counts during treatment with metamizole and which other options for monitoring exist? METHODS Data from recent epidemiological studies, reviews, and spontaneously reported cases were evaluated. RESULTS Agranulocytosis can emerge at highly variable intervals ranging from the first day of metamizole treatment to months after treatment has begun. As a result, there is no conclusive, evidence-based recommendation for the time intervals at which blood cell counts should be tested. Therefore, the onset of clinical symptoms should be used as trigger for monitoring blood cell counts to enable early diagnosis and avoid agranulocytosis-related complications. In addition to general symptoms like fever, sore throat, fatigue, and muscle pain, mucosal ulcerations, severe angina, and systemic infections leading to sepsis are typical of agranulocytosis. CONCLUSIONS Providing patients and medical staff with better information about early symptoms of agranulocytosis could be a sensible way to prevent complications. Any suspicion of agranulocytosis should immediately lead to a differential blood count and to the withdrawal of all drugs possibly associated with agranulocytosis. Patients should be monitored and treated according to the severity of their symptoms.

Published
2017
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49. Efficacy and safety of a fixed-ratio combination of insulin degludec and liraglutide (IDegLira) compared with its components given alone: results of a phase 3, open-label, randomised, 26-week, treat-to-target trial in insulin-naive patients with type 2 diabetes

Author

Gough, S. C., Bode, B., Woo, V., Rodbard, H. W., Linjawi, S., Poulsen, P., Damgaard, L. H., Buse, J. B., NN9068 3697 trial investigators, Donnelly, T, Gerstman, M, Linjawi, S, Park, K, Roberts, A, Shaw, Je, Wu, T, Aggarwal, N, Bowering, K, Chouinard, G, Deyoung, P, Dumas, R, Elliott, Tg, Frechette, A, Giguere, N, Gottesman, I, Ho, K, Kohli, S, Teitelbaum, I, Tytus, R, Wharton, S, Woo, V, Hellsten, T, Kuusela, M, Sarti, C, Strand, J, Valli, K, Erlinger, R, Goelz, S, Hauser, Kh, Hilgenberg, J, Kaiser, M, Marck, C, Merfort, F, Milek, K, Paschen, B, Rose, L, Schlecht, K, Wenzl Bauer, V, Dudas, M, Fulop, G, Harcsa, E, Kerenyi, Z, Szőcs, A, Takacs, R, Babu, T, Bandgar, Tr, Bantwal, G, Bhagwat, Nm, Chatterjee, S, Jain, Sm, John, M, Kale, S, Kanungo, Ak, Kumar, A, Kumar, H, Kumar, Sn, Lodha, S, Majumder, A, Mithal, A, Murthy, S, Sethi, Bk, Shah, P, Sharma, Sk, Sivagnanam, N, Velu, S, Viswanathan, V, Yajnik, Cs, Byrne, M, O'Brien, T, Aimaretti, G, Baroni, Mg, D'Amico, E, Dotta, Francesco, Giordano, C, Sforza, A, Tonolo, G, Bebakar, Wm, Kamaruddin, Na, Hussein, Z, Mumtaz, M, Sothiratnam, R, Gonzalez Galvez, G, Hernandez, Pa, Grineva, E, Kalashnikova, Mf, Kulkova, P, Krasilnikova, Ee, Kondrachenko, S, Kunitsyna, Ma, Poley, M, Sardinov, R, Vorokhobina, Nv, Yurievna, M, Zhdanova, Ea, Zhukova, La, Dalan, R, Khoo, Ey, Sum, Cf, Cizova, M, Martinka, E, Schroner, Z, Teplanova, M, Tomasova, L, Biermann, E, Dulabh, R, Khutsoane, Dt, Komati, Sm, Makan, Ha, Mayet, L, Mitha, Ea, Padayachee, T, Pillay, S, Reddy, J, Snyman, Hh, Siddique, N, Trokis, J, Bobillo, Er, de la Cuesta, C, Fernández, Mr, González, As, De Teresa Parreño, L, Raya, Pm, de la Torre ML, Torres, Jf, Sheu, Wh, Sun, Jh, Yang, Cy, Deerochanawong, C, Phornphutkul, M, Suwanwalaikorn, S, Sriwijitkamol, A, Clark, J, Downie, P, Evans, P, Furlong, N, Gough, S, Harper, R, Harvey, Jn, Khan, A, Leese, G, Mckinnon, C, Narendran, P, Patterson, C, Raymond, F, Singhal, P, Smith, P, Viljoen, A, Willis, T, Acampora, M, Agaiby, Jm, Ahmed, I, Allison, Jr, Altamirano, D, Anderson, Mw, Andrawis, N, Aroda, Vr, Ballard, Tv, Beavins, J, Bedel, Gw, Bernstein, R, Blaze, K, Bode, Bw, Bononi, Pl, Broker, Re, Buse, Jb, Butuk, Dj, Camiscoli, Dj, Canadas, R, Castorino, K, Cathcart, H, Cha, G, Chang, A, Chappel, Cm, Cheema, C, Chenore, M, Cheung, D, Christensen, J, Chu, Jw, Chuck, L, Cohen, Cd, Cohen, K, Cho, Mh, Rivera Colon, L, Condit, J, Corbett, B, Pearlstein, R, Cox, Wr, Daboul, Ny, Deatkine, D, Dunn, Lj, Ellison, Hs, Feldman, Bn, Fidelholtz, J, First, B, Fishman, N, Fogarty, Cm, Fraser, Nj, Gabra, N, Gaona, Re, Gerety, G, Gilman, Rm, Gonte, Ws, Gottschlich, Gm, Grant, Dm, Hewitt, M, Hollander, P, House, Ba, Huffman, D, Jain, Rk, Johnson, G, Jones, Sw, Kayne, Dm, Kimmel, Ma, Klonoff, D, Knight, H, Koontz, D, Kutner, Me, Lenhard, Jm, Liss, Jl, Litchfield, Wr, Lubin, B, Lucas, Kj, Lynn, L, Lyons, Tj, Macadams, Mr, Mach, Mq, Maletz, L, Mariano, Hg, Mayeda, So, Pratley, Re, Madder, R, Martinez, Gj, Mcgarity WC Jr, Mckenzie, Wc, Meisner, Cr, Montenegro, C, Moran, Je, Morawski, Ej, Moretto, Tj, Mudaliar, Sr, Murray, Av, Myers, L, Odugbesan, Ao, Olivarez, E, Pangtay, D, Patel, Mb, Patel, Nr, Patel, R, Perdomo, A, Pritchett, Kl, Rasmussen, B, Reed, Jc, Reeves, Ml, Reichman, A, Rhee, C, Rice, Lc, Risser, J, Rodbard, Hw, Rosen, R, Rosenstock, J, Ryan, Eh, Schreiman, Rc, Scott, Rb, Selagamsetty, Mr, Shaughnessy, J, Silver, R, Simon, Hj, Snyder, B, Soufer, J, Stegemoller, Rk, Sugimoto, D, Thurman, J, Tolia, Kk, Wagner, R, Wahlen, J, Webster, De, Weisbrot, Aj, Whittier, F, Winkle, Pj, Woolley, Jh, Yeoman, G, Zemel, Lr, Smith, Bp, Philis Tsimikas, A, Weissman, P, and Kurland Wise, J.

Subjects
Insulin degludec, Blood Glucose, Male, medicine.medical_specialty, Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism, medicine.medical_treatment, Urology, Type 2 diabetes, law.invention, Endocrinology, Randomized controlled trial, law, Glucagon-Like Peptide 1, Internal medicine, Diabetes mellitus, Internal Medicine, medicine, Humans, Hypoglycemic Agents, Glycated Hemoglobin, Liraglutide, business.industry, Insulin, Middle Aged, medicine.disease, Metformin, Insulin, Long-Acting, Drug Combinations, Treatment Outcome, Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2, Female, business, Pioglitazone, medicine.drug
Abstract

A fixed-ratio combination of the basal insulin analogue insulin degludec and the glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1) analogue liraglutide has been developed as a once-daily injection for the treatment of type 2 diabetes. We aimed to compare combined insulin degludec-liraglutide (IDegLira) with its components given alone in insulin-naive patients.In this phase 3, 26-week, open-label, randomised trial, adults with type 2 diabetes, HbA1c of 7-10% (inclusive), a BMI of 40 kg/m(2) or less, and treated with metformin with or without pioglitazone were randomly assigned (2:1:1) to daily injections of IDegLira, insulin degludec, or liraglutide (1·8 mg per day). IDegLira and insulin degludec were titrated to achieve a self-measured prebreakfast plasma glucose concentration of 4-5 mmol/L. The primary endpoint was change in HbA1c after 26 weeks of treatment, and the main objective was to assess the non-inferiority of IDegLira to insulin degludec (with an upper 95% CI margin of 0·3%), and the superiority of IDegLira to liraglutide (with a lower 95% CI margin of 0%). This study is registered with ClinicalTrials.gov, number NCT01336023.1663 adults (mean age 55 years [SD 10], HbA1c 8·3% [0·9], and BMI 31·2 kg/m(2) [4·8]) were randomly assigned, 834 to IDegLira, 414 to insulin degludec, and 415 to liraglutide. After 26 weeks, mean HbA1c had decreased by 1·9% (SD 1·1) to 6·4% (1·0) with IDegLira, by 1·4% (1·0) to 6·9% (1·1) with insulin degludec, and by 1·3% (1·1) to 7·0% (1·2) with liraglutide. IDegLira was non-inferior to insulin degludec (estimated treatment difference -0·47%, 95% CI -0·58 to -0·36, p0·0001) and superior to liraglutide (-0·64%, -0·75 to -0·53, p0·0001). IDegLira was generally well tolerated; fewer participants in the IDegLira group than in the liraglutide group reported gastrointestinal adverse events (nausea 8·8 vs 19·7%), although the insulin degludec group had the fewest participants with gastrointestinal adverse events (nausea 3·6%). We noted no clinically relevant differences between treatments with respect to standard safety assessments, and the safety profile of IDegLira reflected those of its component parts. The number of confirmed hypoglycaemic events per patient year was 1·8 for IDegLira, 0·2 for liraglutide, and 2·6 for insulin degludec. Serious adverse events occurred in 19 (2%) of 825 patients in the IDegLira group, eight (2%) of 412 in the insulin degludec group, and 14 (3%) of 412 in the liraglutide group.IDegLira combines the clinical advantages of basal insulin and GLP-1 receptor agonist treatment, resulting in improved glycaemic control compared with its components given alone.Novo Nordisk.

Published
2014

50. Metamizol

Author

Stamer, U. M., primary, Gundert-Remy, U., additional, Biermann, E., additional, Erlenwein, J., additional, Meiβner, W., additional, Wirz, S., additional, and Stammschulte, T., additional

Published
2016
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