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Combined buoyancy shifts from temperature and concentricity gradients create double-diffusive convection. Complex Crown form enclosure with heat and mass source brings originality and practicality by enhancing use in a broad variety of technical, industrial, and geophysical operations. Current artifact is to explore thermosolutal diffusion in buoyantly driven flowing of viscid liquid contained in a crown enclosure with the installation of a uniformly heated and soluted circular cylinder. Novel physical characteristics of inclining magnetic field are introduced, and distributions affected by cylinder radius change are compared. Dimensionless PDEs are solved numerically using finite elements. Grid independence test ensures simulation mesh level. Hybrid meshing with triangular and rectangular components discretizes domain. Linear interpolating polynomials approximate pressure, whereas quadratic polynomials approach velocity, temperature, and concentricity. PARDISO solves a non-linear system of equations efficiently. Average Nusselt and Sherwood numbers are estimated by comparing relevant parameters to cylinder radius change. Heat transference rate rises to 40% and mass transport upsurges to 60% when radius of cylinder is increased from 0.1 to 0.2. Hartmann number tends to affect a decline in Nusselt and Sherwood quantities. Reduction in thermal and solutal boundary layers near surface of the cylinder is observed against the improve in radius of cylinder. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Generation of fluid flow due to simultaneous occurrence of heat and mass diffusions caused by buoyancy differences is termed as double diffusion. Pervasive applications of such diffusion arise in numerous natural and scientific systems. This article investigates double diffusion in naturally convective flow of water-based fluid saturated in corrugated enclosure and containing hybrid nano particles composed of Copper (Cu) and Alumina (Al2O3). Impact of uniformly applied magnetic field is also accounted. To produce thermosolutal convective potential circular cylinder of constant radius is also adjusted by providing uniform temperature and concentration distributions. Finite element approach is capitalized to provide solution of utilized governing equations by utilizing Multiphysics COMSOL software. Wide-range of physical parameters are incorporated to depict their influence on associated distributions (velocity, temperature and concentration). Interesting physical quantities like Nusselt number, Sherwood numbers are also calculated against involved sundry parameters. It is note worthily observed that maximum strength of stream lines (ψ max ) is 3.3 at ϕ = 0 and drops to 1.2 when ϕ is increased to 0.04. Furthermore, in the hydrodynamic case (Ha = 0), it is observed that the velocity field exhibits an increasing trend compared to the hydromagnetic case H a ≠ 0 , which is proved from the attained values of stream-function i.e., | ψ | max = 11 (in the absence of a magnetic field) and | ψ | max = 3.5 (in the presence of a magnetic field). It is revealed from the statistics of Nusselt number that increase in volume fraction of nano particles from 0 to 0.4, heat flux coefficient upsurges up to 7% approximately. Since, present work includes novel physical aspects of thermosolutal diffusion generated due to induction of hybrid nanoparticles in water contained in corrugated enclosure, so this study will provide innovative thought to the researchers to conduct research in this direction. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: fine needle aspiration cytology FNAC plays a vital role in the initial evaluation and early diagnosis of the breast tumours, by providing the useful information on aggressiveness of the tumour as well as its prognosis. Aim: This study has been carried out to evaluate the correlation between the cytological & histopathological grading of invasive ductal carcinoma with specific reference to nodal metastasis & its role in prognostication. Material and methods: This was a cross sectional study in which Fifty six patients aged between 28-75 years who were cytologically proven duct cell carcinoma of breast with their corresponding histopathology. They were graded cytologically by Robinson's and correlated histologically with SBR grading method. Statical analysis was done using SPSS and Epi info online. Kohens kappa was calculated to assess the extent of agreement between two measurements. Diagnostic accuracy was calculated through sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive values and negative predictive values. Result: Using aspirate samples, cases were cytologically graded according to Robinsons categories according to Robinson categories, with the following results: Grade 1:11cases, Grade II: 37 Grade III: 8. Using histologic samples 14 cases were considered grade I, Cases were Grade II 31 & 11 Were Grade III. In this study, majority of tumours were grade II on cytology (66.1%). The next frequency was grade I (19.6%) followed by grade III (14.3%). Conclusion: Cytological grading of breast carcinoma can be done by Robinsons grading with quite relevance with histological grading and provide relevant information about invasive ductal carcinoma of breast which could be useful when selecting mode of therapy and to predict tumours behaviour. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Presentation of a 62-year-old man with baseline chronic obstructive pulmonary disease admitted to the hospital with dyspnea and newly diagnosed COVID-19 infection. CT scan of the chest was obtained to rule out pulmonary embolism. This revealed a mural thrombus of the inner curvature of the aortic arch with a floating component. Therapeutic full dose anticoagulation was initiated in combination with close clinical observation and treatment for modest hypoxia. He did well for 1 month and then returned with ischemic rest pain of the right foot. Angiography revealed thrombosis of all 3 tibial arteries in the right leg. Percutaneous mechanical thrombectomy with tissue plasminogen activator injection and angioplasty was performed with success in 1 tibial artery to achieve in line flow to the foot. After continued anticoagulation, the remainder of the tibial arteries autolysed and the aortic thrombus was noted to be resolved 4 months later. A brief pathophysiology discussion is included. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Since the last two decades, researchers have paid significant attention to nanofluid because of their high rates of thermal conduction. Due to the widespread usage of these materials in several types of thermal transport devices, including nuclear reactor cooling, car generators, petrochemicals, industrial heating and cooling needs, as well as heat transfer technology. Applications for non-Newtonian liquid can be found in a wide range of fields, notably chemical nuclear reactor, paper manufacturing, petroleum engineering, processes, food processing, geophysics, biological sciences and many others. To determine the properties at different shear rates When the shear rate is significantly increased, a cross fluid model was developed to help with the difficulty. Main theme of existing work is to scrutinize the magneto-bioconvection aspects for 3D nonlinear material with triple stratification phenomenon. Additionally, we have examined heat-mass efficacy utilizing time-dependent thermal relaxation phenomenon and Buongiorno nanofluid model. It has been proposed that the horizontal stretching sheet has been inserted in Darcy-Forchheimer porous medium. Features of magnetohydrodynamics and activation energy are considered in cross fluid model. Furthermore, to improving the fluid's thermal properties, the combination of microorganisms (microbes) in nanofluids also causes the flow to be stable. With the implantation of similarity variables, we have transformed non-linear PDEs into non-linear ODEs. Utilizing bvp4c scheme (MATLAB pregame), the governing system of ODEs are solved. The tabular and graphical representations are used to illustrate the results. By raising the concentration relaxation and Brownian motion parameters, a considerable decrease in concentration profile is seen. The development of thermal Biot number and Forchheimer number approximations has advanced the temperature field, which is an interesting observation. The fluid's microorganism profile is assumed to be deteriorating based on L b and δ 1. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

• It is found that average Nusselt number elevates against escalation in the magnitude of Rayleigh number (Ra) and hybrid nanoparticles volume fraction (ϕ) whereas, opposite trend is depicted against Hartmann number (Ha). • Heat transfer coefficient is found to be more in the situation when star shaped cylinder is installed in comparison to circular and square cylinders. • Positive trend in total entropy is depicted against elevation in Rayleigh number (Ra) and volume fraction of hybrid nanoparticles (ϕ) whereas, decrement is demonstrated against Hartmann number (Ha). • Average Bejan number increases up to 8% against upsurge in the magnitude of hybrid nanoparticles volume fraction (ϕ) and experiences 50% decrement against Rayleigh number (Ra). • Lowest value of ECOP is attained in the absence of hybrid nanoparticles (ϕ = 0) whereas, contrasting aptitude is observed in the situation when magnetic force is absence (Ha = 0). • Maximum magnitude of velocity is attained at wave number (N = 4) whereas, maximum heat is transferred at wave number (N = 5). This article aims to simulate optimum thermal convection and minimization in entropy generation in viscous hybrid nanofluid (Fe 3 O 4 -MWNTs/H 2 O) flow in thermally cold star shaped enclosure and containing heated cylinder. Shape effect of cylinder in managing associated hydrothermal attributes is also interrogated. Physical aspect of magnetic field making angle of inclination with domain is accounted. Formulation of transport equations is expressed in the form of dimensionless partial differential setup containing the thermophysical relations of induced hybrid nanoparticles. The constructed flow issue has been simulated by using Galerkin finite element method (G-FEM) with appliance of COMSOL Multiphysics® software computer package. Results and grid convergence assessment tests are also executed in the study. Significant impact of flow controlling parameters on velocity, temperature and entropy generation profiles has been presented in graphical and tabular manner. Variation is three different types of entropies namely, viscous, thermal and magnetic are estimated. Quantities of interest like, total entropy, average Nusselt and Bejan numbers are also calculated against the sundry parameters. Ecological coefficient of performance which measures the efficiency of physical systems is interrogated which is important physical quantity in practical problems. It is inferred from the outcomes that induction of hybrid nanoparticles (Fe 3 O 4 − MWCNT) produces considerable augmentation of thermal attributes of base fluid. Moreover, it is depicted that average Nusselt number exceeds up to 26.5 % for star shaped inner cylinder in comparison to the square cylinder. Increment up to 6 % in average Nusselt number and 2.19 % decrease in entropy is depicted when hybrid nanoparticles are added in the base fluid (ϕ ≠ 0) in comparison to the situation when nanoparticles are not induced (ϕ = 0). [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The current communication is designed by keeping in the mind high heat transfer capabilities of nanoliquids with the dispersion of diversified-natured nanoparticles in poorly conducting base liquids. Here, an amalgamation of metallic (Cu) and hybridization of metallic and non-metallic oxide (Cu-TiO2) nanoparticles to uplift thermophysical attributes of water is deliberated. The magnetically affected flow between rotating disks under the impact and permeability aspect is assumed. Empirical relations for effective dynamic viscosity, density, and heat capacitance to show mesmerizing features of obliged nanoparticles are also expressed. In addition, mathematical relations also depend on morphological factors like shape, size, and diameter of inducted nanoparticles. The mathematical formulation of the problem is conceded in the form of a system of ODEs after using similarity transformation on dimensional PDEs. Simulations of the complex coupled differential structure are solved by using a numerical approach by employing shooting and Runge–Kutta procedures jointly. The impact of flow concerning variables on associated distributions is revealed through tabular and graphical manner. Quantities of engineering interest associated with work like wall friction and thermal flux coefficients at walls of the disk are also calculated. It is deduced from an examination that the addition of metallic particles raises heat transfer more than non-metallic particles. A significant impression of magnetic field on shear stress is executed by hybrid nanoparticles along the surface of disks. In addition, elevation in Nusselt number and depreciation in skin friction coefficient is revealed against increasing magnitude of nanoparticle volume fraction. A positive trend in skin friction coefficient is manifested against the increasing magnitude of Reynold number. It is also observed that by increasing the size and shape of hybrid nanoparticles thermal conductivity and viscosity of the base fluid increases. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Matrix nanocomposites are high performance materials possessing unusual features along with unique design possibilities. Due to extraordinary thermophysical characteristic contained by these matrix nanocomposites materials they are useful in several areas ranging from packaging to biomedical applications. Being an environment friendly, utilization of nanocomposites offer new technological opportunities for several sectors of aerospace, automotive, electronics and biotechnology. In this regards, current pagination is devoted to analyze thermal features of viscous fluid flow between orthogonally rotating disks with inclusion of metallic matrix nanocomposite (MMNC) and ceramic matrix nanocomposites (CMNC) materials. Morphological aspects of these nanomaterials on flow and heat transfer characteristics has been investigated on hybrid viscous fluid flow. Mathematical structuring of problem along with empirical relations for nanocomposites materials are formulated in the form of partial differential equations and later on converted into ordinary differential expressions by using suitable variables. Solution of constructed coupled differential system is found by collaboration of Runge–Kutta and shooting methods. Variation in skin friction coefficient at lower and upper walls of disks along with measurement about heat transfer rate are calculated against governing physical parameters. Impact of flow concerning variables on axial, radial components of velocity and temperature distribution are also evaluated. Contour plots are also drawn to explore heat and thermal profiles. Comparison and critical analysis of MMNc and CMNc have been presented at lower and upper porous disks. Our computed analysis indicates that hybrid nanofluids show significant influence as compared to simple nanofluids with the permutation of the different shape factors. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Successful breeding is associated with propagation and well-being of the species and requires a healthy and intact ecosystem. However, to analyse these effects, the knowledge of the natural behaviours and variations in the breeding biology of the birds is essential. Common kestrel (Falco tinnunculus) is widely distributed in Asia, Africa and Europe. The current study was designed to evaluate the population trends and breeding success of common kestrel in Sir Bani Yas Island from 2014-2018, and to provide an insight to the survival of this species in a restored habitat. Population of common kestrel was monitored through line transect method by categorising it into three habitat types viz. Mountains, Forests, and Pastures/open area. In each habitat category, two transects of 2,000 meters length and 200 meters width on each side were laid. The population data from three habitat types showed statistically significant difference in preference of habitat types (H-Value = 27.43, DF = 2, P-Value = 0.0000011). The birds showed preference of open/pasture habitats in non-breeding season and mountains during breeding season. The courtship and nesting started during early April and the eggs were laid during late April. The average clutch size was 3.75 ± 0.31 eggs per clutch. The average incubation period was 29.13 ± 0.52 days resulting in average hatchlings of 3.50 ± 0.53 chicks. The eggs were incubated 74.02 ± 1.69 % and were unattended for 24.54 ± 1.64 % of the total incubation period. The finding of this study can be used as future reference to study the breeding success of the species and provide cues for further improvement of the ecosystem conditions by improving the habitat condition on the Island based ecosystems. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The article presents the results of a research study that was conducted at the American University of Beirut (AUB) on the effect of transverse reinforcement crossing the critical hooked bars region of normal strength concrete (NSC) beam-column joints on the bond strength and ductility of the mode of failure of the hooked bars. Nine full-scale beam-column joint specimens were tested. The specimen simulated the rigid connection of a cantilever vertical beam to a base column. The load was applied near the tip of the beam while the column was fixed to the strong floor. The tensile beam bars were anchored in the column using hooked-bar anchorages. In previous research, confinement to the joint was provided either by carbon fiber reinforced polymer (CFRP) sheets externally confining the joint or steel fibers incorporated in the concrete mix. Results revealed that the transverse reinforcement crossing the hooked bars region was effective in increasing the anchorage capacity and the ductility of the load-deflection history of the specimens. Correlation of the effects of the three different confinement modes is presented. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The article presents the results of a research study that was conducted at the American University of Beirut (AUB) on the effect of transverse reinforcement crossing the critical hooked bars region of normal strength concrete (NSC) beam-column joints on the bond strength and ductility of the mode of failure of the hooked bars. Nine full-scale beam-column joint specimens were tested. The specimen simulated the rigid connection of a cantilever vertical beam to a base column. The load was applied near the tip of the beam while the column was fixed to the strong floor. The tensile beam bars were anchored in the column using hooked-bar anchorages. In previous research, confinement to the joint was provided either by carbon fiber reinforced polymer (CFRP) sheets externally confining the joint or steel fibers incorporated in the concrete mix. Results revealed that the transverse reinforcement crossing the hooked bars region was effective in increasing the anchorage capacity and the ductility of the load-deflection history of the specimens. Correlation of the effects of the three different confinement modes is presented. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Thermodynamical attributes of non-Newtonian fluids over stretched surfaces have gained pervasive essence due to extensive utilization in extruding plastic sheet procedures, liquid film condensation, glass blowing, paper production, biopolymer cylinder coatings, and so forth. So, currently communication is aimed to candidly explicate flow characteristic of Prandtl fluid generated by axial stretching of cylindrical surface. Mathematical modelling by using conservation laws of momentum, energy and concentration fields containing the aspects of magnetic field, convective heating, and chemical reaction are presented initially in the form of partial differential expressions. Later on, these attained PDEs are transmuted into nonlinear ordinary differential equations with implementation of similarity variables. Numerical approach renowned as shooting technique with improved coefficient of the Runge–Kutta (R–K) method by Cash and Karp is used to access accurate solution. Linear curved fitting analysis is also performed to analyze results. Influence of flow-controlling parameters on associated profiles is revealed through graphical visualization. Stream line plots representing flow behavior of Prandtl fluid versus different magnitudes of the curvature parameter are adorned. Variation in friction drag force at wall, heat flux, and concentration gradient are evaluated through numerical data and with interpolation of linear curved fittings. It is deduced from results that increasing curvature parameter momentum and temperature distributions enriches whereas skin-friction coefficient depicts reverse pattern. It is also inferred that temperature shows incrementing deviation in the absence of chemical reaction whereas concentration profiles exhibit reduction with consideration of influence of chemical reaction parameter. Magnetic field tends to reduce the velocity and create thinness of boundary layer thickness. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The development of modified‐release (MR) drug products aims to address a clinical need such as improving patient compliance. There are multiple pathways and development strategies for the registration and approval of MR products. The development strategy of an MR product is usually dependent on the availability and pharmacokinetic/pharmacodynamics (PK/PD) characteristics of the reference drug product, that is, an immediate‐release (IR) product or a reference MR. Compared with a reference IR product, an MR product is likely to have a different PK profile over the least common dosing time due to unequal dosing intervals. In case of differences in PK profiles between the MR product and the reference product, confirmatory efficacy and safety studies may be needed to support registration. In some cases, however, a thorough clinical PK/PD characterization may provide sufficient basis to support the approval of the proposed MR product without the need for additional safety and efficacy studies. This article summarizes the US Food and Drug Administration experience and the regulatory considerations supporting the approval of MR products in the past 6 years and discusses cases in which clinical pharmacology and PK/PD information were leveraged to support approval without the need for additional clinical studies. Details of all these cases are available in the public domain. In 2 cases a well‐characterized exposure‐response relationship provided sufficient justification that differences in the shape of the PK profiles were not clinically relevant. In the remaining 3 cases a thorough characterization of the PK profile along with a risk‐based approach provided bases for approval. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Evolution of technology has brought a revolution in various fields of sciences and amongst them, healthcare is one of the most critical and sensitive areas because of its connection with common masses' quality of life. The notion of integrating the healthcare system with the latest data repositories is to make disease prediction efficient, transparent, and reusable. Due to data heterogeneity, data repositories along with optimum classifiers help stakeholders to predict the disease more accurately without compromising the interpretability. Evolutionary algorithms have shown great efficacy, accuracy, and interpretability in improving disease prediction for several datasets. However, the quest for the best classifier is still in evolution. In this research, a state‐of‐the‐art medical data repository has been developed to give researchers of medical domain great ease of use in utilizing different datasets governed by a multi‐objective evolutionary algorithm using fuzzy genetics. The proposed model called 'MEAF' is evaluated on various public repositories. A subset of these repositories includes breast cancer, heart, diabetes, liver, and hepatitis datasets. The results have been analyzed, which show competitive accuracy, sensitivity, and interpretability as compared to relevant research. A customised software application named 'MediHealth' is developed to supplement the proposed model that will facilitate the domain users. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The article discusses a study that examined the mathematical structuring of Prandtl fluid flow toward an inclined stretched cylinder. The researchers conducted improved numerical simulation using the Cash and Carp method to foresee the pattern of thermophysical distribution toward existing involved constraints. The results indicate that Prandtl fluid velocity declines for increases in the Prandtl fluid parameter and elastic parameter.

This work aims to interpret the heat and mass transmission of Sutterby fluid by exploring the effects of a magnetic field. Flow field equations in cylindrical coordinates are obtained by incorporating Darcy resistance law. Afterwards, a mathematical structure for the physical problem is formulated. This formulation yields an intricate nonlinear set of partial differential expressions. A suitable scaling group of variables is employed on subsequent equations to convert them into non-dimensional form. Dynamical and optimal analyses are performed to achieve physical features of the present problem from the solution. A graphical depiction is presented for the flow behavior of convoluted physical parameters on velocity, temperature, and concentration profiles. Additionally, the quantities (local shear stress coefficient, thermal convective transfer coefficient, and local mass flux coefficient in the limiting case) that are responsible for extracting the physical phenomena in the vicinity of a stretched surface are computed and demarcated by varying controlling flow parameters. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

After various thought-provoking experimental and theoretical investigations on heat transfer characteristics of usual liquids, researchers recommended the idea of inclusion of nano-sized structures into host liquid. This idea yielded a tremendous revolution in the world of fluid mechanics and brought researchers' and scientists' attention in this direction. The present paper is addresses enhancing the unique flow features of Williamson fluid by the inclusion of nano-sized particles. The Williamson fluid model along with prominent factors like magnetic field, heat generation–absorption, stagnation point, and active heat–mass flux are considered over a wedge. The mathematical formulation for the concerned problem is addressed in the form of a system of ordinary differential equations under acceptable governing laws. The attained system of coupled equations is hard to solve analytically. Therefore, a self-coded algorithm known as the shooting method is executed to report a numerical solution. A graphical representation of pertinent profiles and the parameters that affect them are included. Tabular and graphical trends present the influence of involved variables on Williamson momentum conservation and thermal and mass fields. In addition, the physical quantities at the surface of the wedge are also examined. In addition, reliability of the current work is established by constructing a comparison for skin friction values with the published literature. Our result indicates that increment in unsteadiness parameter causes temperature and concentration drop of flowing fluid over the wedge, whereas a positive effect on momentum profile is manifested. Furthermore, viscosity ratio parameter tends to follow the temperature and increase the velocity field. Magnetic field controls the turbulence by decreasing the velocity and increases the temperature. Accelerating behavior in velocity field and diminishing pattern in velocity is portrayed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Purpose: The purpose of this paper is to highlight the studies of momentum and transmission of heat on mixed convection boundary layer Darcy‒Forchheimer flow of Casson liquid over a linear extending surface in a porous medium. The belongings of homogeneous‒heterogeneous retorts are also affianced. The mechanism of heat transmission is braced out in the form of Cattaneo‒Christov heat flux. Appropriate restorations are smeared to revolutionize coupled nonlinear partial differential equations conforming to momentum, energy and concentration of homogeneous‒heterogeneous reaction equations into coupled nonlinear ordinary differential equations (ODEs). Design/methodology/approach: Numerical elucidations of the transmogrified ODEs are accomplished via a dexterous and trustworthy scheme, namely optimal homotopy analysis method. The convergence of planned scheme is exposed with the support of error table. Findings: The exploration of mixed convection Darcy‒Forchheimer MHD boundary layer flow of incompressible Casson fluid by the linear stretched surface with Cattaneo‒Christov heat flux model and homogeneous‒heterogeneous reactions is checked in this research. Imitations of the core subsidized flow parameters on velocity, temperature and concentration of homogeneous‒heterogeneous reactions solutions are conscripted. From the recent deliberation, remarkable annotations are as follows: non-dimensional velocities in xa− and xb− directions shrink, whereas the non-dimensional temperature upsurges when the Casson fluid parameter ameliorates. Similar impact of Casson fluid parameter, magnetic parameter, mixed convection parameter, inertia parameter, and porosity parameter is observed for both the components of velocity field. An escalation in magnetic parameter shows the opposite attitude of temperature field as compared with velocity profile. Similar bearing of Casson fluid parameter is observed for both temperature and velocity fields. Enhancement in concentration rate is observed for growing values of (Ns) and (Sc), and it reduces for (k1). Both temperature and concentration of homogeneous‒heterogeneous upturn by mounting the magnetic parameter. Demeanor of magnetic parameter, Casson fluid parameter, heat generation parameter is opposite to that of Prandtl number and thermal relaxation parameter on temperature profile. Practical implications: In many industrial and engineering applications, the current exploration is utilized for the transport of heat and mass in any system. Originality/value: As far as novelty of this work is concerned this is an innovative study and such analysis has not been considered so far. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

We show here that the set of the integral solutions of a nonlocal differential inclusion is dense in the set of the solution set of the corresponding relaxed differential inclusion. We further define a notion of limit solution and show that the set of limit solutions is closed and is the closure of the set of integral solutions. An illustrative example is provided. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Fulfilment of energy in various sectors of society is the demand of today's world. Nowadays, researchers are working hard to propose such technologies to eradicate energy losses. Several improvements have been presented by the research community in this regard. After their struggle and hard work, researchers believed that this energy crisis could be overcome with the aid of fluids. So a procedure is executed to subject the fluid flows to a magnetic field. Furthermore, they also disclosed that induction of ferro-elements in a fluid under the existence of magnetic fields, known as ferrofluid, is a remarkable technique to overcome this huge social, economic, and technological problem. So the motto of the current literature is to investigate the elevated thermophysical features of viscous fluid by the inclusion of ferro-particles. To achieve said purpose, nickel zinc ferrite particles (NiZnFe2O4) are added to ethyl alcohol (C2H5OH) in the presence of magnetic dipole. Flow is induced by a two-dimensional linearly elongated sheet. The governing momentum, energy, and thermal transport equations describing the thermomechanical aspects of ferrofluid is modelled in the form of partial differential expressions. Similar variables are needed to transfer the coupled partial expressions into ordinary differential system. Extensive computational interpretation of influencing parameters like ferromagnetic interaction parameter, viscous dissipation, and Curie temperature parameter on associated profiles is accomplished using the shooting method in collaboration with the Runge–Kutta–Fehlberg method. It is found that the primary function of the magnetic dipole is to reduce the velocity within the boundary layer and it tends to enrich the thermal attitude. Diminishing of the momentum distribution of ferro-particles is established in the presence of a magnetic dipole. Inclusion of mixed convection decreases the momentum, whereas an increase is induced in the thermal profile. Decrease of convective heat transfer magnitude is observed in the presence of magnetic dipole. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The present work concerns the momentum and heat transmission of the electro-magnetohydrodynamic (E-MHD) boundary layer Darcy-Forchheimer flow of a Sutterby fluid over a linear stretching sheet with slip. The nonlinear equations for the proposed model are analyzed numerically. Suitable techniques are used to transform the coupled nonlinear partial differential equations (PDEs) conforming to the forced balance law, energy, and concentration equations into a nonlinear coupled system of ordinary differential equations (ODEs). Numerical solutions of the transformed nonlinear system are obtained using a shooting method, improved by the Cash and Carp coefficients. The influence of important physical variables on the velocity, the temperature, the heat flux coefficient, and the skin-friction coefficient is verified and analyzed through graphs and tables. From the comprehensive analysis of the present work, it is concluded that by intensifying the magnitude of the Hartmann number, the momentum distribution decays, whereas the thermal profile of fluid increases. Furthermore, it is also shown that by aug- menting the values of the momentum slip parameter, the velocity profile diminishes. It is found that the Sutterby fluid model shows shear thickening and shear thinning behaviors. The momentum profile shows that the magnitude of velocity for the shear thickening case is dominant as compared with the shear thinning case. It is also demonstrated that the Sutterby fluid model reduces to a Newtonian model by fixing the fluid parameter to zero. In view of the limiting case, it is established that the surface drag in the case of the Sutterby model shows a trifling pattern as compared with the classical case. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Two-dimensional flow of Casson fluid toward an exponentially stretched surface in view of Cattaneo-Christove flux theory is discoursed in current communication. Flow pattern within boundary layer under the effectiveness of magnetic field is also contemplated in the communication. Non-dimensionalized governing expressions are attained through transformation procedure. To anticipate the fascinating features of present work, solution of resulted nonlinear differential system is computed with the collaborated help of shooting scheme and Runge-Kutta method. The influence of involved variables on velocity and temperature fields is scrutinized. Contribution of thermal relaxation is explicitly pointed out. Evaluation of convective heat transfer and friction factor in the fluid flow is visualized through graphs and tables. Additionally, the assurance of present work is affirmed by developing comparison with previous findings in the literature which sets a trade mark for the implementation of numerical approach. It is inferred from the thorough examination of the analysis that present formulation reduces to classical Fourier’s problem by considering Λ=0. Furthermore, decreasing pattern in temperature distribution is depicted in the presence of Cattaneo-Christove flux law as compared to heat transfer due to the Fourier’s law. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Mengkudu fruit and temulawak rhizome which contains scopoletin and curcumin, respectively, were used traditionally as antidiabetic. Both compounds have strong antioxidant activity. This research aimed to determined the antihyperglycemic and pancreas protection of combination of mengkudu fruit juice (MFJ) and temulawak rhizome juice (TRJ) on streptozotocin (STZ) induced diabetic rats. Rats were divided into 7 groups, each group consist of 5 rats. All groups, except normal group were treated accordingly for 28 days. Blood samples were taken from the plexus retroorbitalis for examination of blood glucose levels on day-8th, 15th, 22nd, and 29th. On the day-29th, blood samples were examined for malondialdehyde (MDA) levels. At the end of the experiment, the rats were sacrificed for examination of pancreatic morphological conditions. The results showed that diabetic rats given MFJ-TRJ combination experienced a significant decrease in blood glucose levels, a significant decrease in MDA levels and improvement pancreas morphology when compared with the negative control group. The conclusion of this research showed the combination of MFJ-TRJ has hypoglycemic activity and can fix condition of pancreas morphology. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

An attempt has been constructed in the communication to envision heat and mass transfer characteristics of viscous fluid over a vertically rotating cone. Thermal transport in the fluid flow is anticipated in the presence of viscous dissipation. Whereas, concentration of fluid particles is contemplated by incorporating the diffusion-thermo (Dufour) and thermo-diffusion (Soret) effects. The governing equations for concerning problem is first modelled and then nondimensionalized by implementing compatible transformations. The utilization of these transformations yields ordinary differential system which is computed analytically through homotopic procedure. Impact of velocity, temperature and concentration profiles are presented through fascinating graphics. The influence of various pertinent parameters on skin friction coefficient, Nusselt number and Sherwood number are interpreted through graphical and tabular display. After comprehensive examination of analysis, it is concluded that temperature of fluid deescalates for growing values of Soret parameter whereas it shows inciting attitude towards Dufour parameter and similar agreement is observed for the behavior of concentration profile with respect to these parameters. Furthermore, the affirmation of present work is established by developing comparison with previously published literature. An excellent agreement is found which shows the credibility and assurance of present analysis. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Poultry manure is common microhabitat of mites, especially for macrochelid mites. Macrocheles matrius was recorded as a new report for the Turkish mite fauna. The morphological characters of this species are presented with description, diagnosis and original figures from Turkish specimens. In addition, a key of poultry manure-inhabiting adult (females) of known species from Samsun, Turkey is provided. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The paper presents a correlation study of the results of three research programs conducted on hooked bars anchored in highstrength concrete (HSC) beam-column joints at the American University of Beirut (AUB). The specimen simulated the rigid connection of a cantilever beam to a column. In two previous programs, the beam-column joint was confined either externally with carbon fiber-reinforced polymer (CFRP) sheets or internally by steel fibers incorporated in the concrete mix. Although stirrups were included in the beam and column elements of the specimens of the two programs, the column stirrups were not extended in the beam-column joint. It was necessary to conduct a third program where confinement of the joint was provided internally by stirrups crossing the critical hooked bars region. Results of the three programs indicated positive effect of the different confining modes on bond strength of the anchored bars and ductility of the load-deflection history. Comparison of the results of the three programs is presented. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Cancer pain management is the most problematic when found in patients who have a malignant tumor, and represents the most feared consequences for patients and their families. A thorough literature review was conducted using the electronic databases of CINAHL, EBSCO, MEDLINE, and PUB MED, for articles published between 2007 and 2013. We developed quality standards; using a research study, and selected domains based on the framework of the type of cancer pain management into both types of treatment, pharmacological and non-pharmacological cancer pain management, in order to manage cancer related pain through multidisciplinary aspects and holistic approach. Pharmacological and nonpharmacological modalities give the opportunity for effective care to be provided to cancer patients. Also, these techniques may help in reducing pain and it must be encouraged as a part of the holistic cancer pain management efforts. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Roy Adaptation Model has the five main concepts of nursing theory: the health, the person, the nurse, the adaptation and the environment. Roy views the person in a holistic way. The core concept in her model is adaptation. The concept of adaptation assumes that a person is an open system who responds to stimuli from both internal and external aspects of the person. This study will be guided by Roy Adaptation Model as a conceptual framework in order to (1) to investigate the relationship between environmental stimuli (focal, contextual, and Residual stimuli) and four adaptive modes of RAM which causes cancer related pain (2) and to note the effect of environmental stimuli on coping mechanism (3) to correlate research variable with theory concept, and to assist the researcher to predict the results and recommendations by answering the research question. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A research critique is a careful appraisal of the strengths and weaknesses of the study. Critique of quantitative study involves an in-depth review of how each step of the research was undertaken and conducted. The ability to evaluate the quantitative design research article is a necessary skill for practitioners and researchers of all disciplines, including nursing, in order to judge the integrity and usefulness of the evidence and conclusions made in an article. In general, this skill is automatic for many practitioners and researchers who already possess a good working knowledge of research methodology, including: hypothesis development, sampling techniques, study design, testing procedures and instrumentation, data collection and data management, statistics, and interpretation of findings. However, research critique is a mechanism to provide feedback for improvement and development. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Abstract: Alzheimer's disease (AD) has a characteristic hallmark of amyloid-β (Aβ) accumulation in the brain. This accumulation of Aβ has been related to its faulty cerebral clearance. Indeed, preclinical studies that used mice to investigate Aβ clearance showed that efflux across blood–brain barrier (BBB) and brain degradation mediate efficient Aβ clearance. However, the contribution of each process to Aβ clearance remains unclear. Moreover, it is still uncertain how species differences between mouse and human could affect Aβ clearance. Here, a modified form of the brain efflux index method was used to estimate the contribution of BBB and brain degradation to Aβ clearance from the brain of wild type mice. We estimated that 62% of intracerebrally injected 125I-Aβ40 is cleared across BBB while 38% is cleared by brain degradation. Furthermore, in vitro and in silico studies were performed to compare Aβ clearance between mouse and human BBB models. Kinetic studies for Aβ40 disposition in bEnd3 and hCMEC/D3 cells, representative in vitro mouse and human BBB models, respectively, demonstrated 30-fold higher rate of 125I-Aβ40 uptake and 15-fold higher rate of degradation by bEnd3 compared to hCMEC/D3 cells. Expression studies showed both cells to express different levels of P-glycoprotein and RAGE, while LRP1 levels were comparable. Finally, we established a mechanistic model, which could successfully predict cellular levels of 125I-Aβ40 and the rate of each process. Established mechanistic model suggested significantly higher rates of Aβ uptake and degradation in bEnd3 cells as rationale for the observed differences in 125I-Aβ40 disposition between mouse and human BBB models. In conclusion, current study demonstrates the important role of BBB in the clearance of Aβ from the brain. Moreover, it provides insight into the differences between mouse and human BBB with regards to Aβ clearance and offer, for the first time, a mathematical model that describes Aβ clearance across BBB. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]

Background: The study was conducted on confirmed sheep patients suffering from complete retention of urine. Methods: A complete history regarding the age, breed and sex of the animal, castration, duration of illness, managemental practices, feeding habits of the animals, early signs of the disease, previous treatment, if any, were recorded. Result: An overall incidence of 27.11% of obstructive urolithiasis was recorded in sheep. All these cases were intact rams with different age groups, weights and of different breeds. Highest (78.68%) incidence of ovine obstructive urolithiasis was recorded during winter season. Young lambs of 2-6 months of age were found most affected with obstructive urolithiasis (31.14%). Cross bred Kashmir Merino was most affected followed by cross bred corridale (18.3%) and non descript local breeds of ovine (8.9%). The highest (60.65%) cases were brought to the clinics 48-96 hours after the onset of the disease. The cases from far flung areas and hilly terrain were usually received as late as 120-144 hours of illness. The losses could be averted to a great extent by apprising the farmers about the preventive measures of the disease and imparting them training about the balanced feeding and good managemental practices of sheep rearing. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

ABSTRACT The aim of this work was to compare the intestinal absorption kinetics and the bioavailability of γ-tocotrienol (γ-T3) and α-tocopherol (α-Tph) administered separately as oil solutions to rats in vivo. Also, to explain the significant difference in the oral bioavailability of the compounds: (1) the release profiles using the dynamic in vitro lipolysis model, (2) the intestinal permeability and (3) carrier-mediated uptake by Niemann-Pick C1-like 1 (NPC1L1) transporter were examined. Absolute bioavailability studies were conducted after oral administration of γ-T3 or α-Tph prepared in corn oil to rats. In situ rat intestinal perfusion with ezetimibe (a NPC1L1 inhibitor) was performed to compare intestinal permeability. The in vitro interaction kinetics with NPC1L1 was examined in NPC1L1 transfected cells. While the in vitro release studies demonstrated a significantly higher release rate of γ-T3 in the aqueous phase, the oral bioavailability of α-Tph (36%) was significantly higher than γ-T3 (9%). Consequent in situ studies revealed significantly higher intestinal permeability for α-Tph compared with γ-T3 in rats. Moreover, the NPC1L1 kinetic studies demonstrated higher Vmax and Km values for α-Tph compared with γ-T3. Collectively, these results indicate that intestinal permeability is the main contributing factor for the higher bioavailability of α-Tph. Also, these results emphasize the potentially important role of intestinal permeability in the bioavailability of γ-T3, suggesting that enhancing its permeability would increase its oral bioavailability. Copyright © 2012 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The effect of steel fibers in improving the bond performance of hooked-bar anchorages installed in high-strength concrete (HSC) beam-column connections was evaluated by testing twelve beam-column type specimens. The specimen simulated the rigid connection of a vertical cantilever beam to a base column. The tensile beam reinforcement consisted of two bars anchored in the column outside the column reinforcement cage using hooked-bar anchorages. The variables used in the study were the beam bar size (16, 25, or 32 mm) and the volume fraction of steel fibers added and dispersed in the concrete mix (0, 0.5, 1.0, or 1.5%). Analysis of the test results revealed that steel fibers were effective in increasing the anchorage capacity and the ductility of the load-deflection history of specimens with steel fibers as compared with companion specimens identical in geometry and bar size but without steel fibers. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Abstract: In 2001, a multi-phase research program was started at the American University of Beirut (AUB) to evaluate the effect of steel galvanizing on bond strength of reinforcement in concrete structures. This paper reports on the fourth phase of the program designed to assess the effect of steel galvanizing on bond strength of hooked bars anchored in high strength concrete structures. Twelve specimens, each simulating the rigid connection of two cantilever beams to a column, were tested. The variables included bar size and the confinement mode of the beam bars anchored in the column. Test results indicated that galvanizing caused a consistent reduction in bond strength of hooked bars ranging from 6% to 17% with an average of 13%. This is contrary to the results of the earlier phase of the AUB program which indicated strength concrete structures. Based on analysis of test results of all four phases of the AUB research program, design recommendations insignificant effect of steel galvanizing on bond strength of hooked bars anchored in normal are provided concerning the anchorage length of galvanized reinforcing bars in normal and high strength concrete structures. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]

Abstract: In 2001, a multi-phase research program was started at the American University of Beirut (AUB) to evaluate experimentally the effect of hot dip galvanizing on bond strength of reinforcement in concrete structures. In the first two phases, 24 full-scale beam specimens were tested in positive bending to evaluate the effect of galvanizing on bond strength of tension lap splices in normal and high strength concrete specimens. The variables were bar size, concrete strength, the amount of transverse reinforcement confining the splice region, and whether the bars were galvanized or not. Test results indicated that galvanizing had a negligible effect on bond strength of reinforcement in normal strength concrete. However, galvanizing caused an average of 20% decrease in bond strength of reinforcement in high strength concrete regardless of the amount of transverse reinforcement confining the splice region. This paper reports on a third phase of the AUB program, designed to evaluate the effect of galvanizing on anchorage performance of hooked bars in normal strength concrete structures. Up to date there has been no research work done in this area. Twelve specimens were tested. The specimen simulated the rigid connection of two cantilever beams to a column. The variables were bar size, the confinement mode of the beam bars anchored in the column, and whether the bars were galvanized or not. The effect of galvanizing was evaluated by comparing the performance of galvanized bars with black bars based on the mode of failure, ultimate load, and the general load–deflection behavior. Test results indicated that effect of galvanizing on the bond strength of hooked bars in normal strength concrete was not significant. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]

Abstract: Hot-dip galvanizing is one of the methods used to solve the problem of corrosion of reinforcement in concrete structures. The few research reported in the literature on the effect of galvanizing on bond strength of reinforcing bars anchored in pullout specimens, indicates contradictory results. The primary objective of this paper is to evaluate experimentally the effect of hot dip galvanizing on the bond capacity of tension lap splices. The test results may have an implication on the development length and splice length design provisions of galvanized bars in building design codes. To achieve the objective, six concrete beam specimens were tested in positive bending. For each of three bar sizes 20, 25, and 32 mm, two companion beams identical except for whether the bars were black or galvanized, were tested. Each beam was designed with bars spliced at midspan in a constant moment region. The nominal concrete strength was 28 MPa. The mode of failure was splitting of the concrete cover in the splice region. The test results indicated that the use of galvanized bars has a negligible negative effect on bond strength of reinforcement in normal strength concrete. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]

There is a current trend all over the world to investigate the utilization of processed and unprocessed industrial by-products and domestic wastes as raw materials in cement and concrete. This has a positive environmental impact due to the ever-increasing cost of waste disposal and stricter environmental regulations. Historically, reference books on concrete technology and cement chemistry indicate that the leakage of oil into the cement in older grinding units resulted in concrete with greater resistance to freezing and thawing. This effect is similar to adding an air-entraining chemical admixture to the concrete. Such information is not backed by any research study reported in the literature. The objective of the research reported in this paper was to investigate the effects of used engine oil on properties of fresh and hardened concrete. The main variables included the type and dosage of an air-entraining agent (commercial type, used engine oil, or new engine oil), mixing time, and the water/cement ratio of the concrete. Results showed that used engine oil increased the slump and percentage of entrained air of the fresh concrete mix, and did not adversely affect the strength properties of hardened concrete. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]

This paper reports on the second phase of a research program started at the American University of Beirut (AUB) to study the effects of used engine oil on concrete properties and concrete behavior. In the first phase, the effect of used engine oil on properties of fresh and hardened concrete was investigated. Results indicated that used engine oil acted as an air-entraining agent by improving the slump and fluidity of the concrete mix, and enhancing the air content of fresh concrete. Reductions in the strength properties of hardened concrete due to the incorporation of oil were not as significant as when a commercial chemical air-entraining admixture was used. Results of the first phase of the AUB study instigated further investigation reported in this paper. The objective was to evaluate the effect of used engine oil on structural behavior of reinforced concrete elements. Six full-scale beam specimens were tested in three sets. The difference between the three sets was the mode of failure of the beams: flexure; shear; or bond. The two companion beams in each set were identical except for the use of engine oil in one of them. The beams were tested in positive bending. Results showed that regardless of the mode of failure, used engine oil did not have any significant effect on the ultimate load or load-deflection behavior of the beams. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]

Despite focus on surgical preservation of the chondrolabral junction (CLJ), the transition zone between the acetabular cartilage and labrum, the association between severity of CLJ breakdown and functional outcomes after hip arthroscopy remains unexplored.To assess the influence of CLJ breakdown on patient-reported outcome measures (PROMs) at a 24-month follow-up after hip arthroscopy for symptomatic labral tears.Cohort study; Level of evidence, 3.A retrospective review of prospectively collected data was conducted to identify patients ≥18 years of age with a minimum 24-month follow-up who underwent hip arthroscopy by a single surgeon for the treatment of symptomatic labral tears secondary to femoroacetabular impingement. The Beck classification of transition zone cartilage was used to grade CLJ damage; patients with grades 0 to 2 were stratified into the mild CLJ damage cohort, and those with grades 3 and 4 were stratified into the severe CLJ damage cohort. PROMs were collected at baseline and at 3, 6, 12 months, and annually thereafter postoperatively. Linear mixed-effects models were used to compare PROMs. Rates of achieving clinically meaningful thresholds and subsequent surgery rates were also compared.In total, 198 patients met the inclusion criteria, with a mean follow-up of 3.54 ± 1.26 years. A total of 95 patients with severe CLJ damage (mean age, 34.9 ± 10.5 years) were compared with 103 patients with mild CLJ damage (mean age, 38.2 ± 11.9 years). Hip Outcome Score–Activities of Daily Living (HOS-ADL), Non-Arthritic Hip Score (NAHS), and visual analog score for pain were inferior in the severe CLJ group at enrollment and all follow-up time points (P≤ .05). However, patients with severe CLJ breakdown exhibited greater improvements in HOS-ADL and NAHS at the 24-month follow-up and achieved clinically meaningful thresholds at equivalent rates to patients with mild CLJ breakdown. Subsequent surgery rates were 6.8% and 12.6% in patients with mild versus severe CLJ damage, respectively (P = .250).Severe CLJ breakdown is associated with increased pain and decreased functional level preoperatively and up to 24 months after hip arthroscopy. Despite this, patients with severe CLJ breakdown experienced greater improvements in functional outcomes at a 24-month follow-up and achieved clinical thresholds at similar rates to patients with mild CLJ damage. Thus, while worse baseline pain and functional levels may indicate severe CLJ breakdown, these patients still benefit substantially from hip arthroscopy. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Following percutaneous coronary intervention with stent placement to treat acute coronary syndromes, international clinical guidelines generally recommend dual antiplatelet therapy with aspirin plus a P2Y 12 receptor inhibitor for 12 months to prevent myocardial infarction and stent thrombosis. However, data on single antiplatelet therapy with a potent P2Y 12 inhibitor earlier than 12 months after percutaneous coronary intervention for patients with an acute coronary syndrome are scarce. The aim of this trial was to assess whether the use of ticagrelor alone, compared with ticagrelor plus aspirin, could reduce the incidence of clinically relevant bleeding events without an accompanying increase in major adverse cardiovascular or cerebrovascular events (MACCE). In this randomised, placebo-controlled, double-blind clinical trial, patients aged 18 years or older with an acute coronary syndrome who completed the IVUS-ACS study and who had no major ischaemic or bleeding events after 1-month treatment with dual antiplatelet therapy were randomly assigned to receive oral ticagrelor (90 mg twice daily) plus oral aspirin (100 mg once daily) or oral ticagrelor (90 mg twice daily) plus a matching oral placebo, beginning 1 month and ending at 12 months after percutaneous coronary intervention (11 months in total). Recruitment took place at 58 centres in China, Italy, Pakistan, and the UK. Patients were required to remain event-free for 1 month on dual antiplatelet therapy following percutaneous coronary intervention with contemporary drug-eluting stents. Randomisation was done using a web-based system, stratified by acute coronary syndrome type, diabetes, IVUS-ACS randomisation, and site, using dynamic minimisation. The primary superiority endpoint was clinically relevant bleeding (Bleeding Academic Research Consortium [known as BARC] types 2, 3, or 5). The primary non-inferiority endpoint was MACCE (defined as the composite of cardiac death, myocardial infarction, ischaemic stroke, definite stent thrombosis, or clinically driven target vessel revascularisation), with an expected event rate of 6·2% in the ticagrelor plus aspirin group and an absolute non-inferiority margin of 2·5 percentage points between 1 month and 12 months after percutaneous coronary intervention. The two co-primary endpoints were tested sequentially; the primary superiority endpoint had to be met for hypothesis testing of the MACCE outcome to proceed. All principal analyses were assessed in the intention-to-treat population. This trial is registered with ClinicalTrials.gov , NCT03971500 , and is completed. Between Sept 21, 2019, and Oct 27, 2022, 3400 (97·0%) of the 3505 participants in the IVUS-ACS study were randomly assigned (1700 patients to ticagrelor plus aspirin and 1700 patients to ticagrelor plus placebo). 12-month follow-up was completed by 3399 (>99·9%) patients. Between month 1 and month 12 after percutaneous coronary intervention, clinically relevant bleeding occurred in 35 patients (2·1%) in the ticagrelor plus placebo group and in 78 patients (4·6%) in the ticagrelor plus aspirin group (hazard ratio [HR] 0·45 [95% CI 0·30 to 0·66]; p<0·0001). MACCE occurred in 61 patients (3·6%) in the ticagrelor plus placebo group and in 63 patients (3·7%) in the ticagrelor plus aspirin group (absolute difference –0·1% [95% CI –1·4% to 1·2%]; HR 0·98 [95% CI 0·69 to 1·39]; p non-inferiority <0·0001, p superiority =0·89). In patients with an acute coronary syndrome who had percutaneous coronary intervention with contemporary drug-eluting stents and remained event-free for 1 month on dual antiplatelet therapy, treatment with ticagrelor alone between month 1 and month 12 after the intervention resulted in a lower rate of clinically relevant bleeding and a similar rate of MACCE compared with ticagrelor plus aspirin. Along with the results from previous studies, these findings show that most patients in this population can benefit from superior clinical outcomes with aspirin discontinuation and maintenance on ticagrelor monotherapy after 1 month of dual antiplatelet therapy. The Chinese Society of Cardiology, the National Natural Scientific Foundation of China, and the Jiangsu Provincial & Nanjing Municipal Clinical Trial Project. For the Mandarin translation of the abstract see Supplementary Materials section. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Angiotensin II (Ang II) is a primary mediator of profibrotic signaling in the heart and more specifically, the cardiac fibroblast. Ang II-mediated cardiomyocyte hypertrophy in combination with cardiac fibroblast proliferation, activation, and extracellular matrix production compromise cardiac function and increase mortality in humans. Profibrotic actions of Ang II are mediated by increasing production of fibrogenic mediators (e.g. transforming growth factor beta, scleraxis, osteopontin, and periostin), recruitment of immune cells, and via increased reactive oxygen species generation. Drugs that inhibit Ang II production or action, collectively referred to as renin angiotensin system (RAS) inhibitors, are first line therapeutics for heart failure. Moreover, transient RAS inhibition has been found to persistently alter hypertensive cardiac fibroblast responses to injury providing a useful tool to identify novel therapeutic targets. This review summarizes the profibrotic actions of Ang II and the known impact of RAS inhibition on cardiac fibroblast phenotype and cardiac remodeling. • Angiotensin induces fibroblast activation, proliferation, and inflammation. • Renin angiotensin system inhibitors attenuate fibrotic remodeling. • Targeting angiotensin-mediated pathways may produce lasting effects in fibroblasts. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The current study intends to analyze the significance of the nano-layer on Newtonian fluid consisting of carbon nano-materials has been considered. The special absorbent channel with moving porous walls under the effect of external MHD is manifested. Mathematical modeling of the concerning problem is done in the form of the partial differential structure under the boundary layer theory with effective structures of thermophysical properties. The core features of capitalized induced carbon nano-particles along with base fluid are presented by empirical relations and utilized during the formulation of work. Attained expressions are transmuted because of dimensionless ODE's by obliging transformation approach. The solution of attained ODE's is heeded with the R-K method along with the shooting procedure. Using applicable similarity transforms, the governing equations are converted into a system of nonlinear ordinary differential equations which are solved by using the 4th-order R-K (Runge-Kutta) technique together with shooting methodology. The phenomena of nano-layer have been also modeled mathematically. The motivation behind this section is to demonstrate the behavior of involved parameters on velocity and temperature profiles. A meticulous table is presented in which the effects of involved parameters on shear stress and heat transfer rate are discussed. Specially presented the impact of the thickness of the nano-layer and radius of the particle on the temperature profile. Heat transfer rate increases due to an increase in the thickness of nano-layer. Inverse proportionality exists between the radius of nano-particle and thermal conductivity. The consequences of this research may be advantageous to the applications of biotechnology and industrial motive. Image 1 • A new mathematical relation for nano-layer due to the presence of CNTs is developed. • Important physical quantities are observed under the effects of nano-layer, radius, and volume fraction of the CNTs. • Increasing the thickness of the nano-layer, thermal efficiency gradually tends to increase. • Injection of CNTs under the effect of MHD also enhances temperature profile. • Comparison is made between SWCNTs and MWCNTS associated with porous surfaces. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

• Permeability impacts are more effective to reduce the impacts of hemodynamics for atherosclerotic artery having bifurcation effects. • For daughter artery, the shear stress is reduces for bifurcation angle while for parent artery the opposite trend is observed. • In bifurcated region, the number of circulating bolus increases for stiffness, rigidity and damping parameter whereas bolus size reduces in stenotic region. • Profiles of velocity exhibit higher results for hybrid nanofluid in comparison to Cu-blood and pure blood cases. The prime objective of concerned article is to discuss the permeability impacts on blood flow by considering hybrid nanofluid through bifurcated stenosed artery. The human body circulatory framework involves the arrangement of veins that fuse the bifurcation on parent, at apex and on regions of daughter artery with nanoparticles is viewed. Blood streaming is recognized as Newtonian along vessel segment. The walls of the stenosed bifurcated artery is considered to be permeable as well as compliant. Copper and its oxide as used as drug to minimize the stress and the lesions of the atherosclerotic artery. The theoretical investigation is carried out by invoking the experimental values of hybrid nanoparticles into the structured equations. Moreover, impacts of hemodynamics are also make sense of to inspect the progression of blood for atherosclerotic vein. Daughter and parent artery comparison is described through parabolic graph of velocity. Graphical illustration is utilized to present the theoretical results of this drug delivery model. Metallic nanoparticles justify their use in drug delivery. The flow of blood is viewed as not quite the same as pressure between segments of atherosclerotic and non-atherosclerotic course. Bifurcation angle minimize the stress for daughter artery whereas trend is opposite for parent daughter. The change in compliant wall parameter reduces the circulating bolus size for parent daughter whereas for daughter artery the change in bolus shape is observed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this work, the refractive index dependence on the wavelength of 20 ionic liquids is characterised by spectrally resolved white-light interferometry in a spectral interval comprising a range of wavelengths from 400 to 1000 nm at different temperatures between 298.15 and 323.15 K. With these data and using a refractive index model based on a single resonance Sellmeier equation, we calculate the Abbe number, group index, group velocity dispersion, and dispersion of the thermo-optic coefficient for each liquid. Using the Lorentz–Lorenz approach and density data, we demonstrate (from the empirical results) the linear variation of the molar volume and molar refraction with the number of carbons in the alkyl chain. Further, we confirm that this linear relation can be used to predict the refractive index of liquids of the same family provided the addition of CH 2 groups does not lead to anisotropies in the refractive index. • Material dispersion of ionic liquids characterization in the VIS-NIR. • Thermooptic coefficient over a broad spectral band in the VIS-NIR is determined. • Group index, group velocity dispersion and Abbe number are given. • Predictive refractive index model as function of the alkyl chain length is presented. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Present study carried out the speculative investigation of Hall current effects on MHD viscous fluid flow over stretching sheet with variable thickness. For heat transfer analysis, Christov–Cattaneo heat flux model is used instead of classical Fourier law. The mathematical formulation of current flow configuration yields the set of partial differential equations with higher order of nonlinearity. The modeled partial differential equations are switched into ordinary differential equations with the aid of an appropriate set of local similarity transforms. The resulting similarity equations are tackled numerically with the assistance of fifth order Runge–Kutta integration scheme. The expressions for axial velocity, transverse velocity and temperature are numerically computed and analyzed against variations in the controlling parameters with the help of graphs. To insight flow behavior in the neighbourer region of sheet surface, local skin friction coefficients and local Nusselt number are calculated. The effects of involving flow parameters on these interesting quantities are elaborated through tabular representations. A suitable correlation of current results with previously reported data (in limiting case) is presented for the validation of computed results. • Fluid velocities show depreciating trend due to the resistance provided by magnetic field whereas temperature profile upsurges. • Both wall friction factors grows verses Hartmann number while temperature gradient reduces against it. • Hall parameter provides opposition to transverse velocity while it slightly accelerates the axial velocity. • An increase in wall thickness parameter upsurges both components of velocities and temperature as well. • The nonlinearly stretching surface bestowed the favorable situation to fluid movement in axial direction while reverse pattern is depicted in case of transverse velocity. • Prandtl number declines the fluid temperature whereas wall heat flux coefficient intensifies. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Current analysis illustrates the systematic survey about the flow features imparted by viscous fluid between two coaxially rotated disks embedded in a permeable medium. Energy equation has been built by encompassing Cattaneo–Christov heat flux law.Prevailing non-linear PDEs are converted into non-linear ODEs by utilizing Von Karman transformations. Afterwards, the attained differential system is solved by capitalizing implicit finite difference scheme. Interpretation regarding the impact of dimensionless involved parameters on axial, tangential and radial components of velocity, thermal distribution is exhibited. Comparison for skin friction coefficients on walls of disks is also manifested. An excellent agreement with previous work is established which assures the reliance of present work. After getting through intellect about the variations it is disclosed that the magnitude of axial and radial velocities diminishes at lower disk contrary to upper disk for intensifying magnitude of Reynold number. Furthermore, the shear stress rate at walls of upper and lower disks is also deliberated. Increment in tangential component of velocity is also manifested for uplifts values of Reynold number. In case of thermal distribution, it is deduced that thermal field decrements for increasing of Pr and thermal relaxation parameter. It is worthy to mention that shear drag coefficient at wall of lower disk decreases conversely to the wall shear coefficient magnitude at wall of upper disk. • The skin friction coefficient at both disks is less for greater value of rotational parameter. • At the lower disk, the radial and axial velocity profile increases for maximum value of A 1. • Thermal effects are reduced for both thermal relaxation and Prandtl number. • For rotational and stretching parameters, the tangential velocity profile increases at disk. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

We give a relatively short proof of the fact that the solution set of a nonlocal semilinear differential inclusion is dense in the weak solution set of the corresponding convexified system. Moreover, we prove a similar result for the solutions with continuous pseudoderivatives when the right-hand side is continuous with nonempty convex closed and bounded values. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]