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Abstract Background The purpose of this study was to retrospectively analyze clinical characteristics and prognostic risk factors of urosepsis patients admitted to two intensive care units in Shanghai, China. Methods Clinical data from patients diagnosed with urosepsis were retrospectively retrieved and analyzed from ICU in two regional medical centers from January 2015 to December 2019. Results Two hundred two patients were included in the subsequent analysis eventually, with an average age of 72.02 ± 9.66 years, 79.21% of the patients were female and the mortality rate of 15.84%.The proportion of patients with chronic underlying diseases such as diabetes and hypertension was relatively high (56.44, 49.50%, respectively), and the incidence of shock was also high (41.58%) correspondingly. The most common pathogen isolated was Escherichia coli (79.20%), of which the extended-spectrumβ-lactamases (ESBLs)(+) accounted for 42.57%. In multivariate analysis, the strongest predictors for death were mechanical ventilation (OR 7.260, 95% CI 2.200–23.963; P = 0.001),chronic kidney disease (CKD) (OR 5.140, 95% CI 1.596–16.550; P = 0.006), APACHE II score (OR 1.321, 95% CI 1.184–1.473; P

Posterior capsule opacification(PCO)is the most common complication after cataract surgery. How to prevent and treat PCO is an urgent problem we need to solve at present. Non-coding RNA(ncRNA)is a kind of RNA, which can not encode proteins. Studies have shown that non-coding RNA is closely related to the occurrence and development of human diseases. This paper has collected the progress of research on different kinds of ncRNA in PCO and may raise new ideas and methods on the prevention and treatment of PCO.

DNA methylation is an important mechanism of epigenetic modification. Methylation changes during stress responses and developmental processes have been well studied; however, their role in plant adaptation to the day/night cycle is poorly understood. In this study, we detected global methylation patterns in leaves of the black poplar Populus nigra 'N46' at 8:00 and 24:00 by methylated DNA immunoprecipitation sequencing (MeDIP-seq). We found 10,027 and 10,242 genes to be methylated in the 8:00 and 24:00 samples, respectively. The methylated genes appeared to be involved in multiple biological processes, molecular functions, and cellular components, suggesting important roles for DNA methylation in poplar cells. Comparing the 8:00 and 24:00 samples, only 440 differentially methylated regions (DMRs) overlapped with genic regions, including 193 hyper- and 247 hypo-methylated DMRs, and may influence the expression of 137 downstream genes. Most hyper-methylated genes were associated with transferase activity, kinase activity, and phosphotransferase activity, whereas most hypo-methylated genes were associated with protein binding, ATP binding, and adenyl ribonucleotide binding, suggesting that different biological processes were activated during the day and night. Our results indicated that methylated genes were prevalent in the poplar genome, but that only a few of these participated in diurnal gene expression regulation.

As part of our continuing research on isoquinoline acaricidal drugs, this paper reports the preparation of a series of the 2-aryl-1-cyano-1,2,3,4-tetrahydroisoquinolines with various substituents on the N-phenyl ring, their in vitro acaricidal activities against Psoroptes cuniculi, a mange mite, and discusses their SAR as well. The structures of all compounds, including 12 new ones, were elucidated by analysis of UV, IR, NMR, ESI-MS, HR-MS spectra and X-ray diffraction experiments. All target compounds showed varying degrees of activity at 0.4 mg/mL. Compound 1 showed the strongest activity, with a 50% lethal concentration value (LC50) of 0.2421 μg/mL and 50% lethal time value (LT50) of 7.79 h, comparable to the standard drug ivermectin (LC50 = 0.2474 μg/mL; LT50 = 20.9 h). The SAR showed that the substitution pattern on the N-aromatic ring exerted a significant effect on the activity. The substituents 2'-F, 3'-F, 2'-Cl, 2'-Br and 2'-CF3 remarkably enhanced the activity. Generally, for the isomers with the same substituents at different positions, the order of the activity was ortho > meta > para. It was concluded that the target compounds represent a class of novel promising candidates or lead compounds for the development of new tetrahydroisoquinoline acaricidal agents.

The microRNAs (miRNAs) miR482 and miR1448 are disease resistance-related miRNAs; the former is ubiquitously distributed in seed plants whereas the latter has only been reported in Populus trichocarpa. The precursor and mature sequences of poplar miR1448 are highly homologous to those of poplar miR482, and these two miRNAs are located in one transcript as a polycistron. Therefore, we hypothesized that the MIR1448 gene may have evolved from the MIR482 gene in poplar. However, the molecular evolution patterns of this process remain unclear. In this study, utilizing cloning and Blast analysis in NCBI ESTs and whole-genome shotgun contigs (WGS) dataset, we determined that the MIR482-MIR1448 polycistron is a family-specific clustered miRNA in Salicaceae. Moreover, phylogenetic analysis illustrated that MIR1448 is the product of a tandem duplication event from MIR482. Nucleotide substitution analysis revealed that both MIR482 and MIR1448 have more rapid evolution ratios than ribosomal DNA (rDNA) genes, and that compensatory mutations that occurred in the stem region of the secondary structure were the main mechanisms that drove the evolution of these MIRNA genes. Furthermore, by comparing the substitution patterns in the miRNA-target complexes of miR482 and miR1448, we inferred that co-evolution between miRNAs and their targets was the major force that drove the "duplicated MIR482" evolve to MIR1448. We propose a novel miRNA-target pairing pattern called the "frameshift targeted mechanism" to explain the gain of target genes by miR1448. The results also imply that the major role of miR482 was in resistance to disease or other stresses via NBS-LRR proteins, whereas the biological functions of miR1448 are more diverse.

MicroRNAs (miRNAs), a type of short (21-23 nucleotides), non-coding RNA molecule, mediate repressive gene regulation through RNA silencing at the post-transcriptional level, and play an important role in defense and response to abiotic and biotic stresses. In the present study, Affymetrix® miRNA Array, real-time quantitative PCR (qPCR) for miRNAs and their targets, and miRNA promoter analysis were used to validate the gene expression patterns of miRNAs in Populus trichocarpa plantlets induced with the poplar stem canker pathogen, Botryosphaeria dothidea. Twelve miRNAs (miR156, miR159, miR160, miR164, miR166, miR168, miR172, miR319, miR398, miR408, miR1448, and miR1450) were upregulated in the stem bark of P. trichocarpa, but no downregulated miRNAs were found. Based on analysis of the miRNAs and their targets, a potential co-regulatory network was developed to describe post-transcriptional regulation in the pathological development of poplar stem canker. There was highly complex cross-talk between diverse miRNA pathway responses to biotic and abiotic stresses. The results suggest that miR156 is probably an integral component of the miRNA response to all environmental stresses in plants. Cis-regulatory elements were binding sites for the transcription factors (TFs) on DNA. Promoter analysis revealed that TC-rich repeats and a W1-box motif were both tightly related disease response motifs in Populus. Promoter analysis and target analysis of miRNAs also revealed that some TFs regulate their activation/repression. Furthermore, a feedback regulatory network in the pathological development of poplar stem canker is provided. The results confirm that miRNA pathways regulate gene expression during the pathological development of plant disease, and provide new insights into understanding the onset and development of poplar stem canker.

In the crystal structure of the title compound, {[MnNa(C6H4NO3)3]·H2O}n, the MnII cation is located on a threefold rotation axis and is chelated by three 2-oxidopyridinium-3-carboxylate (opc) anions in an octahedal coordination. The NaI cation is located on a threefold rotation axis and is surrounded by six O atoms from three opc anions. The opc anions link the Mn and Na cations, forming a three-dimensional polymeric structure. The uncoordinated water molecule, located on a threefold rotation axis, is equally disordered over two sites. The three-dimensional network is consolidated by N—H...O hydrogen bonds.

In the crystal structure of the title NiII complex, [Ni(C6H4NO3)2(C3H4N2)2], the NiII atom is located on a twofold rotation axis and is chelated by two oxidopyridiniumcarboxylate anions and further cis-coordinated by two imidazole ligands in a distorted cis-N2O4 octahedral geometry. The C—O bond distance of 1.2573 (19) Å found for the non-coordinating O atom of the carboxylate group indicates significant delocalization of π-electron density over this residue. Similarly, the C—O bond distance of 1.260 (2) Å in the heteroaromatic ring indicates delocalization between the deprotonated hydroxy group and the pyridinium ring. The uncoordinated carboxylate O atom links with the imidazole and pyridinium rings of adjacent molecules via N—H...O and C—H...O hydrogen bonding, leading to a two-dimensional array parallel to (100).

In the molecule of the title CoII complex, [Co(C6H4NO3)2(C3H4N2)2], the CoII atom is located on a twofold rotation axis and chelated by two oxidopyridiniumcarboxylate anions and further cis-coordinated by two imidazole ligands in a distorted octahedral geometry. The shorter C—O bond distance of 1.260 (2) Å suggests electron delocalization between the oxido group and the pyridinium ring. The uncoordinated carboxylate O atom links with the imidazole and pyridinium rings of adjacent molecules via N—H...O hydrogen bonding. Weak C—H...O hydrogen bonding is also present in the crystal structure.

The crystal structure of the title compound, (C10H9N2)2[Mn2(C10H8N2)3(H2O)8](C8H3O7S)2·C10H8N2·15H2O, consists of dinuclear MnII complex cations, sulfonatobenzenedicarboxylate trianions, 4-(4-pyridyl)pyridinium cations, uncoordinated 4,4′-bipyridine and uncoordinated water molecules. One 4,4′-bipyridine molecule bridges two Mn atoms, forming a centrosymmetric dinuclear complex; the mid-point of the C—C bond linking the pyridine rings of the bridging ligand is located on an inversion center. Each MnII atom is coordinated by four water and two 4,4′-bipyridine molecules in a distorted octahedral geometry. The MnII atom deviates by 0.591 (5) and 0.209 (2) Å from the mean planes of the coordinated pyridine rings. In the 4-(4-pyridyl)pyridinium cation, the two pyridine rings are twisted with respect to each other, making dihedral angle of 34.78 (17)°. The uncoordinated bipyridine molecule is also centrosymmetric. One of uncoordinated water molecules has site symmetry 2, and the other uncoordinated water molecule is located close to an inversion center and its one H atom is disordered equally over two sites. Extensive π–π stacking between pyridine rings is observed and an extensive hydrogen-bonding network of the types N—H...N, O—H...N and O—H...O is present.

In the title complex, [Zn(C7H5O3)2(C10H8N2)(H2O)], the ZnII ion is coordinated by two 4-hydroxybenzoate anions, one 2,2′-bipyridine molecule and one water molecule and displays a distorted octahedral geometry. One Zn—O bond [2.5300 (15) Å] is much longer than the others in the molecule. In the crystal structure, the face-to-face separation of 3.547 (9) Å suggests no π–π stacking between parallel bipyridine ring systems, and an extensive O—H...O hydrogen-bonding network between the coordinated water molecule, the phenol group and carboxylate O atoms is present.

In the crystal structure of the title polymeric complex, [Ca(C5H3N2O2)2]n, the CaII cation has site symmetry overline{4}m2 and is N,O-chelated by four pyrimidine-2-carboxylate anions in a square-antiprismatic geometry. The planar pyrimidine-2-carboxylate anion is located on a crystallographic special position, three C atoms have site symmetry 2mm, while the carboxyl O atom, the pyrimidine N atom and the other C atom have site symmetry m. Each pyrimidine-2-carboxylate anion bridges two CaII cations, forming polymeric sheets extending parallel to (001). π–π stacking exists between parallel pyrimidine rings [centroid–centroid distance = 3.6436 (6) Å] of adjacent polymeric sheets. Weak C—H...O hydrogen bonding is also observed between these sheets.

In the crystal structure of the title cocrystal, 2C7H7NO·C4H4O4, the complete fumaric acid molecule is generated by a crystallographic inversion centre. The two components of the cocrystal are linked by an O—H...N hydrogen bond.

In the crystal structure of the title compound, [Na4Ni(C8H3O7S)2(H2O)12]n, the NiII cation occupies an inversion centre and is coordinated by the carboxyl groups of the sulfoisophthalate trianions and water molecules in a distorted octahedral geometry. Two independent NaI atoms are connected by the carboxyl and sulfonate groups of the sulfoisophthalate ligands anions and water molecules in a distorted octahedral geometry. The sulfoisophthalate ligands and coordinated water molecules bridge the NiII and NaI cations, forming a three-dimensional polymeric structure. Weak π–π stacking is present between parallel benzene rings [centroid–centroid distance = 3.9349 (10) Å]. Extensive O—H...O and C—H...O hydrogen bonding helps to stabilize the crystal structure.

In the title compound, [Co(C8H4O7S)(C12H8N2)(H2O)3]·H2O, the CoII cation is coordinated by one sulfoisophthalate dianion, one bidentate phenathroline (phen) molecule and three water molecules in a distorted cis-CoN2O4 octahedral geometry. In the crystal structure, aromatic π–π stacking occurs [centroid–centroid distances 3.7630 (14) and 3.7269 (15) Å], as well as an extensive O—H...O and C—H...O hydrogen-bonding network

The crystal structure of the title salt, [Mn(C10H8N2)(H2O)4][Mn2(C8H3O7S)2(C10H8N2)2(H2O)4]·4H2O, consists of mononuclear manganese(II) cations, dinuclear manganate(II) dianions and uncoordinated water molecules. The dianion is located about an inversion center; the MnII atom is coordinated by a 2,2′-bipyridine ligand, a sulfonatoisophthalate group, a water molecule along with two bridging water molecules in an octahedral geometry. The cation lies on a twofold rotation axis; the MnII atom is coordinated by four water molecules and a chelating 2,2′-bipyridine ligand in a distorted octahedral geometry. A partially overlapped arrangement between the bipyridine ligands and the aromatic ring of the sulfoisophthalate group of adjacent anions is observed; the distance (3.357 Å) indicates π–π stacking. Hydrogen bonds, with the water molecules serving as hydrogen-bond donors, lead to a three-dimensional network architecture.

In the crystal structure of the title compound, [Cd(C7H5O4)2(C12H8N2)2]·1.25H2O, the Cd2+ cation is coordinated by two phenanthroline (phen) molecules and two 2,5-dihydroxybenzoate (dhba) anions in a distorted octahedral geometry. The centroid–centroid distances of 3.809 (2) and 3.680 (2) Å between nearly parallel pyridine rings of the phen ligands and the benzene rings of dhba anions indicate that the dhba anions are involved in π–π stacking in the crystal structure. The face-to-face separation of 3.35 (3) Å between parallel phen ring systems also suggests π–π stacking between adjacent complex molecules. The crystal structure contains extensive O—H...O and C—H...O hydrogen bonding.

In the molecule of the title compound, [Ni(C5H4NO3S)2(H2O)4], the NiII cation is located on an inversion center and is coordinated by four water molecules and two pyridine-3-sulfonate anions with an NiN2O4 distorted octahedral geometry. The face-to-face separation of 3.561 (5) Å between parallel pyridine rings indicates the existence of weak π–π stacking between the pyridine rings. The structure also contains intermolecular O—H...O hydrogen bonding and weak C—H...O hydrogen bonding.

In the title salt, [Co(C5H4N2O2)2(H2O)2]Cl2, the CoII ion is located on an inversion center. It is chelated by two neutral pyrimidine-2-carboxylic acid molecules and is coordinated by two water molecules in an octahedral coordination geometry. The cations and anions are linked via O—H...Cl hydrogen bonds into a layer structure; an intramolecular O—H...N hydrogen bond connects the carboxylic acid group to the pyrimidine N atom.

The title compound, [Cu(C5H3N2O2)2], was prepared in a water–ethanol solution containing 2-cyanopyrimidine, malonic acid and copper(II) nitrate trihydrate. The CuII ion, located on an inversion center, is chelated by two pyrimidine-2-carboxylate anions in a CuO2N2 square-planar geometry. The uncoordinated carboxylate O atom and pyrimidine N atoms are linked to adjacent pyrimidine rings via weak C—H...O and C—H...N hydrogen bonding. π–π Stacking is observed between nearly parallel pyrimidine rings, the centroid-to-centroid separation being 3.8605 (13) Å.

In the crystal strucuture of the title compound, C5H5N3O, which was obtained upon recrystallization of 2-cyanopyrimidine from aqueous sodium hydroxide, the amide group is twisted with respect to the aromatic ring by 24.9 (1)°. π–π stacking is observed between partially overlapped rings at a face-to-face separation of 3.439 (6) Å. The structure features a centrosymmetric pair of intermolecular N—H...O hydrogen bonds. Another N—H...O hydrogen bond between adjacent molecules links them into a helical chain motif.

It is well known that the solutions of the Cauchy problem of the Korteweg-de Vries (KdV) equation on a periodic domain T, ut + uux + uxxx = 0, u(x, 0) = φ(x), x ∈ T, t ∈ R, possess neither the sharp Kato smoothing property, φ ∈ Hs(T) =⇒ ∂s+1xu ∈ L∞x (T, L² (0, T)), nor the Kato smoothing property, φ ∈ Hs(T) =⇒ u ∈ L 2 (0, T; Hs+1(T)). This paper shows that the solutions of the Cauchy problem of following weakly dissipated KdV equation with variable coefficients posed on a periodic domain T, ut + uux + a(x, t)uxxx − (g(x, t)ux)x = 0, u(x, 0) = φ(x), where a and g are given real-valued smooth functions periodic in x satisfying a(x, t) 6 ≠ 0, x ∈ T, t ≥ 0 and ∫T g(x, t)/|a(x, t)|dx > 0 ∀t ≥ 0, possess the sharp Kato smoothing property, φ ∈ Hs(T) =⇒ ∂s+1xu ∈ L∞x (T, L²(0, T)), ∀ s ≥ 0, and the nonlinear part of its solution u possesses the strong Kato smoothing property, φ ∈ Hs(T) =⇒ (u − v) ∈ C([0, T]; Hs+1(T)), ∀ s > ½, and the sharp double Kato smoothing property, φ ∈ Hs(T) =⇒ ∂s+2x (u − v) ∈ L∞x(T, L²(0, T)), ∀ s > ½, with v being the solution of the linear problem vt + a(x, t)vxxx − (g(x, t)vx)x = 0, v(x, 0) = φ(x), x ∈ T, t > 0. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]